ACCULTURATION OF ARABIC ETHNIC CULTURE WITH JAVA AND ETHNIC

MADURA ETHNIC IN AMPEL SURABAYA

Article Info Abstract

Keywords : Abstract: Kelurahan Ampel, an area in Surabaya, is known as the Arab

village. because most of the inhabitants are ethnic Arab citizens. Besides
Acculturation that, not only the Arabs live in it, but the Javanese and the Madurese also
Communication Intercultural live in the area. The theory used in this research is the theory of
Kampung Ampel intercultural communication, acculturation theory, and Anxiety and
Uncertainty Management Theory using qualitative research methods with
approaches, phenomenology, data collection techniques in the form of
participant observation, in-depth interviews and documents. The
intercultural communication that has been built between the Arab,
Javanese and Madurese ethnic groups has been going on for years so
that the cultural acculturation that occurs in the Ampel area of Surabaya
has emerged.

Abstrack: Ampel urban village, an area in Surabaya, is known as the Arabic

Keywords:
village. because most of the inhabitants are ethnic Arabs. Besides that, it was
Acculturation not only Arabs who inhabited it, but Javanese and Madurese also settled in
Intercultural the area. The theory used in this research is intercultural communication
Communication theory, acculturation theory, and Anxiety and Uncertainty Management
Village Of Ampel Theory using qualitative research methods with approaches, phenomenology,
data collection techniques in the form of participant observation, in-depth
interviews and documents. Intercultural communication that was built
between the Arabs, Javanese and Madurese which had occurred for years
led to the acculturation of culture that occurred in the Ampel region of
Surabaya.

R. Salsabila Nur
Prof. Dr. Sam Abede Pareno,
MM., MH
Drs. Jupriono, M.Si

Correspondence Address:

Communication Studies
17 August 1945 University
Surabaya
Jalan Semolowaru No. 45
Surabaya
rsalsabila410@gmail.com
0895338772357
preliminary
Indonesia has more than 300 ethnic
groups or ethnic groups, more precisely there are
1,340 ethnic groups in the country according to
the 2010 BPS census, the Javanese are the
largest group in Indonesia with a total of 41% of
the total population.
population based on ethnic differences, but
roughly speaking Arab ethnicity is the majority,
followed by Javanese and Madurese.
There is a distinctive cultural pattern in
Ampel which is different from other cultures. The
culture that is characteristic of the “Arab village”
in Ampel is the manifestation of Islam in daily life.

Government of the Republic of Indonesia On activities

officially only recognizes six religions, namely Islam,
Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism and
Confucianism. Indonesia is rich in culture, this can be
seen from its many
tribe, according to census
The population in 2010 was recorded that
Indonesia had 1,331 ethnic groups and 652
for example, many sell prayer tools and robe
clothes, then use
language Arab in
his daily life. Of course, there are Arabian lute
music that are still loved by local people.
The diversity of ethnicities that inhabit the Ampel

regional languages based on verification by the region cannot be separated from communication

Ministry of Education and Culture. This amount intercultural in

was earned during 1991-2017, and may change his life. The existence of cultural differences can
over time. be an obstacle in the communication process
that can cause misunderstandings and conflict.

There is various sorts ethnicity

Blockers communication
Indonesian, among them are Javanese. ethnic intercultural in the form of a sense of anxiety and
Arabs and ethnic Madurese. Each ethnicity has uncertainty because communicate
its own culture which is certainly different from with different ethnicities and have different
one another. Culture is formed from various cultures. based on theory
elements such as religious systems, politics, anxiety and uncertainty ( Anxiety and Uncertainty
customs, language, tools, clothing, and works of Management Theory)
art. to be able to achieve effective communication
with strangers ( stranger) or people of different
The Ampel area contains the tomb complex cultures needed the ability to control feelings of
of Sunan Ampel and the Great Mosque of Sunan discomfort
Ampel which have been designated as cultural ( anxiety) and
heritage buildings because they have historical value. uncertainty ( uncertainty).
Sunan Ampel was well-known as a propagator of
Communication that happen in
Islam in Java during the end of the Majapahit kingdom
Ampel Surabaya area with different cultural
around the XV century.
backgrounds can lead to acculturation. This can
happen because acculturation is a social process
Currently the Ampel area is a religious of humans who are faced with certain different
tourism destination for residents around Surabaya cultures. Gradually the culture
and people from outside the city. Ampel is usually
called "the Arab village" because most of its
citizens are of Arab ethnicity. Other ethnicities will received to in
who also inhabit Ampel village include Javanese, culture, without losing its own culture.
Madurese, Chinese, Pakistani and Indian. No data
showing any details
 Exposure to intercultural communication However, a culture can only accept other
resulting in the occurrence alkalization cultural elements within certain limits, namely
in several cultural aspects of their respective elements that can be fused and integrated with
ethnicities. Besides that, often intercultural its own culture. If a culture will apply a foreign
communication is accompanied by feelings of culture, it is necessary to modify the culture so
anxiety and uncertainty because of differences. that it becomes harmonious with the local culture.
Therefore, it is necessary to get used to Because of the imposition of accepting foreign
communicating cultural elements
with other ethnicities and eliminating prejudice to
stereotypes.
caused negative to
In the northern Surabaya area, the culture of the recipient.
Kelurahan Ampel, which is known as the "Arab
village", has a thick Arabic nuance from food to Culture originated from language
music and the language used. However, those Sanskrit buddhayah, is the plural form of the
who inhabit the area are not only Arabs, there word budhi (budhi or sense). Culture is a way of
are also Javanese and Madurese. In life that is passed down from generation to
generation. Culture is formed from various
elements such as religious systems, politics,
implementation communion customs, language, tools, clothing, and works of
between cultures is not easy. There are many art. Intercultural communication, namely,
adjustments that must be made due to large communication that occurs between people who
differences. These things are what encourage the have different cultures,
author to want to research
How communication as race, ethnicity, or
intercultural could intertwined During socioeconomic or a combination of all differences.
for years among the Arab, Madurese, and
Javanese ethnicities, causing acculturation.
Stewart L. Tubs states communication
intercultural is
The theory used in this research is communication of someone from a different culture
acculturation. Acculturation according to good race, ethnicity, nor
koentjaraningrat (1990) acculturation is a process socioeconomic. According to Martin and
of exchanging or influencing a culture with Thomas (2007) states that there are two main concepts
foreign cultures, which have different that color intercultural communication
characteristics, so that the foreign culture is (interculture communication) namely the concept of culture
gradually accommodated and integrated. and the concept of communication. Relationship
between both very
in culture complex. Culture influence
receiver without lost culture communication and communication determine,
alone. create, and maintain the cultural reality of a
community or cultural group.
Acculturation is a social process that
arises when a group of humans with
culture certain then Destination intercultural communication
faced with the elements create taste empathy, each other
culture foreign in such a way respect, creating communication
such that the foreign culture will gradually be effective. Communication barrier
accepted and processed into its culture. Without intercultural attitude ethnocentric that
losing the cultural elements of the group itself. perceive the values, norms, culture of others are not as
good as his
 Stereotypes according to Mulyana (2014:
237) stereotypes generalize people based on
a little information
form assumptions about others based on their
group. Then the existence of prejudice is a
judgmental
influenced experience or
prior decisions, and overt discrimination actions
taken by a person to isolate, avoid or alienate
someone from
group.
The next theory Anxiety and
Uncertainty Management Theory (AUM theory) or
the management theory of anxiety and uncertainty.
The basic assumptions of this theory discuss
anxiety ( anxiety)
and uncertainty ( uncertainty) someone who
appears when dealing with strangers or meeting
people from different cultures with them.
Ethnicity is something that is tied to a group
of people or ethnic group or a nation which is
and considered to have biological relations.
Ethnicity used to
marks a group or ethnic group that is part of
mankind in the world.
Enis Arabs are currently difficult to
distinguish from native tribes, including
distinguishing Arab citizens of foreign countries
something from Indonesian citizens. This is due to the
assimilation of Arab descent and indigenous
people prefer to identify as local residents such
as Javanese, Acehnese, Ambonese, etc. Arabic
in Indonesia comes from Hadramaut pesisisr in
Arab land now called Yemen. They came to
Indonesia to trade, sell goods and buy spices
from the natives, trade contacts lasted long
before the arrival of the Europeans.

The failures and lack of adaptation exist

when in situations
intercultural is very dependent on uncertainty and
According to Sutarto (2004) Javanese ethnicity
anxiety, this is
make subtraction and divided into four major cultural areas in East
Settings uncertainty all at once Java, namely, Java Mataraman, Arek, Madura
anxiety reduction is very important. Island, and Pandalungan. Then there are smaller
subcultures with a narrower area, namely
For effective communication it is Panoragan Java, Osing, Tengger,
necessary Mindfulness, which is a cognitive state
as a moderation process in management anxiety and Madura Bawean, Madura
uncertainty Kangean, and Samin.
in order to create effective communication.
Mindfulness make predictions we Administratively Madura is part of East Java.
toward someone's behavior to be better, than just However, it is culturally different from Java. Like
using prejudice the use of a different language from Java. The
and stereotypes. When Madurese have a tradition of migrating to other
dealing with strangers and we feel it uncertainty and areas to earn a living and also study. Not only in
anxiety, the East Java region, but also outside Java,
both must be managed properly to fall within the Kalimantan, Sulawesi, etc.
threshold. One way is to be mindful so that we
can give the right response and create
communication effectiveness ..
Research methods
This research uses a qualitative method
according to West & Turner (2013: 77) which does
not depend on statistical analysis to support an
interpretation but rather
steer researchers to
make a rhetorical question or plausible argument
about the findings.
use research methods
qualitative with approach
phenomenology.
Creswell (2015: 105) phenomenology
is studies that describe
The general meaning of a number of individuals
for their various life experiences is related to
concepts or phonemes. In this study, the authors
describe intercultural communication
Arab ethnicity, Javanese ethnicity, and Madurese
ethnicity as well as acculturation due to exposure to
intercultural communication in the Ampel Surabaya
area that has occurred for years.
The location of this research is in the
area of Ampel Village, Semampir District, North
Surabaya. The subjects of this study were Arabs,
Javanese, Madurese in the Ampel area of
Surabaya. While
object his research,
intercultural communication that was built between the
Arab ethnic, Javanese ethnic and Madurese ethnic that
occurred for many years and cultural acculturation that
occurred in the Ampel area of Surabaya.
Primary data sources were obtained
from interviews with informants whom the author
had chosen. The informants are Javanese, Arab
and Madurese who communicate
intercultural in
his daily life. Secondary data sources were
obtained from articles about the Surabaya Arab
village and journals on Javanese, Arab and
Madurese ethnicities in Kampung Ampel,
Surabaya.
In this study the authors used data
collection techniques in the form of participant
observation, namely, the researcher interacted
and was involved with the research object. Then
the in-depth interview
that is, asking to
informant about things that
related to research. Then data collection in the
form of documents, photos taken by researchers
in the field.
The first data analysis uses data
reduction, namely, sharpening, selecting,
focusing, throw away, and
organizing data in one way, where
conclusion end could
described and verified. Second, using data
presentation, information comes from organized
data and analytical conclusions. The third is
Conclusion and Verification, the data obtained
during the research are summarized and verified.
Researchers used triangulation
to check the validity of the data. For this study,
we used source triangulation, which means
checking the degree of trustworthiness of
information obtained through different time and
tools in qualitative research. Triangulation of
sources digs up data from different sources to
form a group of opinions that do not come from
only one party.
Results and Discussion
The author concludes the data that has
been found during the study. The three
informants have carried out intercultural
communication for years not only with the Ampel
region but also conducting intercultural
communication in other areas, the informants did
not mind having to befriend other ethnicities. The
informants lived since childhood in the Ampel
area, even from birth. This accustoms informants
to be involved in intercultural communication.
Based on information that
The author finds that there are no conflicts
between ethnic groups in the Ampel area of
Surabaya. Indeed, there are jokes that lead to
bullying such as taunting and hitting, but there is
trust and strong friendship, mutual understanding
between ethnic groups. So that when there is a
dispute it will not cause a split.
In accordance with the function of
intercultural communication, namely, social
integration that can be achieved when each
ethnic group understands that humor is humor, a
joke that is not taken seriously. There needs to
be an awareness of each individual to avoid
joking that is outrageous, especially ethnic ones
different cause
could
differences in perceptions caused by cultural
differences. This was done in an effort to avoid
inter-ethnic conflicts. From the data obtained, it
can be seen that
the informant not
discriminate against other ethnicities.
The third informant felt more comfortable
making friends with other ethnic groups, because
ethnic similarities have similar cultures and have a
sense of solidarity. Intercultural communication as a
bridge to get to know other ethnicities and understand
intercultural contact as a way of looking into one's
own culture regarding assumptions, values, freedoms
and limitations.
Feeling worry and
uncertainty will increase when
being in a foreign environment. This is why the third
informant feels comfortable when making friends
with other ethnic groups, namely Javanese and
feels uncomfortable making friends with other
ethnicities because he feels there are many
differences, from customs to culture.
The anxiety and uncertainty
management theory states the basis for
achieving effective communication with strangers
( stranger) or people of different cultures is the
ability to
control feeling
inconveniences ( anxiety) and
uncertainty ( uncertainty).
To reach communication
effective is required Mindfulness that is,
cognitive state is needed as a moderation process
in management anxiety and
uncertainty. Mindfulness make
our predictions of someone's behavior are much
better than just using prejudice and stereotypes.
Para informant To do
Mindfulness so that communication runs
effective. This is indicated by the informants 'habit of
communicating between cultures in their
environment, especially since the informants have
lived since childhood and even from birth in the
Ampel region, so that the informants' attitudes
towards other cultures are easy to accept.
In the process of intercultural
communication that has occurred over the years,
it creates cultural acculturation that occurs in the
Ampel area of Surabaya. The following is the
form of acculturation that occurs. As in the use of
language from data found in the field and
observations made by the author. Ampel
residents use a mixture of Indonesian, Arabic
and Javanese to communicate in their daily lives.
With an intonation that resembles a Madurese,
his voice is rather high when speaking.
 Not all citizens ampel each other's discretion. But if women are advised
use this mixed language but ominously to marry Arabs to continue the offspring because
use language Arabs follow male lineage (patrilineal).
Ampel's typical mix, as in the third informant in
his daily life, often uses Javanese, but when
talking to users of Ampel's typical mixed
language, he still understands and understands The desire to marry a fellow ethnic is
the meaning of the language. based on several influencing factors, namely, to
carry on offspring, cultural similarities and
backgrounds so that they feel more suitable, an
Typical Ampel language ethnocentric attitude that feels that their ethnicity
is better than other ethnicities.
No. Language Meaning
Mix
(Indonesian, Arabic,
Java) Alculturation next is
1. Hi Rek afwan Hi friends, sorry clothes. Abaya is a dress like a Middle Eastern
late come come late negligee usually worn by women. Meanwhile, the
robe is a dress that is typical of the Middle East
2. Ana apprentice past I eat first
worn for men on certain occasions. Arabic food
yes yes
can be found in restaurants or restaurants, you
3. Mabruk yo , Congratulations yes,
don't have to wait for an event to come to enjoy
hopefully science hopefully science
Arabic specialties. This proves that Arabic
obtained obtained
specialties can be accepted by local residents.
Can be beneficial can be beneficial
work around for around.
4. Sanah helwa yes reset
Congratulations
mugi-mugi year yes I hope
happiness happiness Acculturation next is
accompany you. accompany you.
Arabic music that is often heard when entering the
Table 1: typical Ampel mixed languages
tourist area of Sunan Ampel. There is Arabic music in
the pop genre, there is also Arabic music whose lyrics
The meaning of the typical Ampel Arabic word
are in the form of shalawat to the Prophet Muhammad
SAW which is called qasidah.
No. Language Writing
Arab Arab Meaning
Typical Many Arabs and Madurese traded, it is
Ampel known that they are not
1. Afwan ‫ﻋَﻔْﻮًﺍ‬ Sorry all person Ampel eye
his livelihood as a trader. But many have other
2. Ana ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ I
types of work. As time goes by, the economic
3. Mabruk ْ‫ﻣَﺒْﺮُﻭْﻙ‬ Congratulations development of the Ampel area of Surabaya
has increased, especially since the existence of
4. Sanah ‫ﺣﻠﻮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ Congratulations
religious tourism in Sunan Ampel which has
helwa reset
become a religious tourism destination, of course
year
not only the Arab and Madurese ethnics who
Table 2: Meanings of the typical Ampel Arabic word
trade, various other ethnic groups trade in this
Acculturation then marriage, area.
Arabs will marry Arabs too, but they can also
marry not other people
ethnicity. Thing this it depends
Conclusion a long time of course resulted in cultural
acculturation.
Intercultural communication of citizens
Ampel Surabaya happened for many years. They
do not mind if they relate and make friends with
Suggestion
different ethnicities or people from other regions.
There is no conflict between ethnic groups even
In communicating feelings
though they have lived side by side for a long
Anxiety and uncertainty will increase when in a
time. Fear of differences shows an individual's
foreign environment, this can be suppressed so
habit of communicating with different ethnicities
that communication runs effectively. It takes
so as to suppress prejudice and conflict.
getting used to communicating with other
ethnicities and eliminating prejudices to
stereotypes.

The existence of intercultural communication

And awareness is needed in
deliver exchange culture
communicating with other ethnicities such as
so that happen acculturation without
mutual respect, mutual trust, trying to understand
eliminating the characteristics of the culture itself,
other cultures, trying to be sympathetic to other
the form of acculturation that occurs as in the
ethnicities so as not to cause disputes that lead
language of the Ampel people who use a mixed
to conflict. it is in tune
language typical of Ampel.

with destination communication

Furthermore, acculturation on clothing, not only intercultural as an effort to coexist,

the Arabs who wear the robe, the Madurese and narrow down
the Javanese use the robe. The robe is a dress misunderstanding and unfreeze
typical of the Middle East. Acculturation of food, ethnic prejudice against another
Arabic cuisine can be found easily in restaurants
or restaurants in the Ampel area or found at
certain events such as weddings and religious
events, this means that Arabic cuisine can be
accepted and liked by local residents. This
acculturation of marriage often occurs because
some Ampel residents choose to marry other
ethnicities.

The acculturation of Arabic music which

is currently loved by the public, such as the Nisa
Sabyan stringed music, has many fans. Then the
acculturation in trade, the Arab ethnic and the
Madurese ethnicity became known as traders.
Over time, other ethnicities such as the Javanese
ethnic group chose their livelihoods.

as traders.
Exposure to deep intercultural communication
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