RELATIVE PRONOUNS, RELATIVE CLAUSES

I. Vonatkozó névmások: who, which, that, whose, of which

This is the girl who/that helped me.

This is the book which/that is about your favourite writer’s life.
This is the girl whose car is red.
This is the car the door of which is red. / This is the car whose door is red.

határozók: when(= at which) It was yesterday morning when/at which we

arrived.
where (= in which) Is this the building where / in which you had
the meeting?
why (= for which) I don’t know why / for which he sent me this
letter.

II. Vonatkozói mellékmondatok

1. Szűkítő/korlátozó (gyakori fordítása: EZ AZ A ...)

- Mindegyik vonatkozó névmás használható.

- A tagmondatok között nincs vessző.

That’s the boy who/that found it.

Is this the novel which/that was published last year?

2. Bővítő (gyakori fordítása: AMI / AKI EGYÉBKÉNT...)

- ’That’ nem használható!

- A két tagmondatot mindig vessző választja el egymástól.

My father, who has been to London, has just returned.

Budapest, which is on the Danube, is a nice city.

‼‼
My brother who is a doctor lives abroad.
My brother, who is a doctor, lives abroad.

The book which is on my desk is a famous novel.

The book, which is on my desk, is a famous novel.
III. Amikor a névmás elhagyható

A vonatkozó névmást akkor hagyhatjuk el, ha a mellékmondat alannyal (főnév,

névmás) kezdődik. Ha igével kezdődik, akkor nem hagyható el.

Do you know Tom (who/that) I invited to the party?

Do you know Tom who/that invited me to the party?

This is the book which/that you gave me. = This is the book you gave me.
I saw the professor who/that Jane talked about. = I saw the professor Jane
talked about.

A névmás kizárólag szűkítő vonatkozói mellékmondatok esetén hagyható el.

IV. Prepozíciós szerkezetek

The man who/that you spoke to is my teacher.

The man to whom you spoke is my teacher.

The house which/that we live in is very old.

The house in which we live is very old.

Ha a prepozíciót előre tesszük, - ’that’ névmást nem használhatunk!

- a ’who’ névmás helyett ’whom’ lesz.

V. ’That’ vonatkozó névmást használunk inkább, ha a főmondatban az

alábbiak szerepelnek:

- nobody, no one, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, everybody,

everyone
There is nobody that can solve the problem.

- all, little, few, none, nothing, anything, something, everything

We have only little money that we could spend.

- the only
He was the only person that knew the answer.

- the last
That was the last part of the film that I saw.
 - the first, the second …
What was the first thing that you did in the morning?

- felsőfokú melléknevek után

This is the most beautiful novel that I have ever read.

VI. What = the ......... who / which / that

He gave me what I wanted. = He gave me the book (which/that) I wanted.

I don’t know what is on TV. = I don’t know the film which/that is on TV.
What I saw shocked me. = The accident (which/that) I saw shocked me.

A ’what’ előtt nem főnév áll!

VII. Amikor a névmás az egész főmondatra vonatkozik, nem csak az előtte

álló főnévre.

He brought me a red pullover which was very nice.

He brought me a red pullover, which was very nice (of him).

Ha az egész főmondatra vonatkozik a névmás, vesszőt teszünk elé.