THE FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD

The travelogue The First Voyage Around the World is a firsthand classic account of Ferdinand Magellan’s
expedition while circumnavigating the globe as written by Antonio Pigafetta. He was a young Venetian
scholar who studied navigation, and later became a sailor and an explorer. He served as Magellan’s
assistant during the journey to the Spice Islands while keeping in him an accurate journal of such odyssey.
His journal described the ethnographies and cultures of the people they met along the way which was
extremely helpful in understanding men across the world. After Magellan’s death in the island of Mactan in
Cebu, Pigafetta was among one of the few men who recovered and were able to return to Spain,
completing the journey around the globe. The written account provided began with the fled of the
Spaniards from a certain island of a native group of people who stole their possessions and attacked their
ship. Some of these people were killed by the Spaniards in revenge for the destruction they have caused.
As they move away from that place which they named “Island of Latroni,” they passed by the long island of
Zamal and spotted a new island named Humunu, where they decided to rest. Days later, a boat
approached them bearing the inhabitants of such island who were very hospitable and welcoming. They
exchanged gifts which started their friendships. With the help of these natives, they explored the island,
discovered new items and goods, and learned a lot about the people — even their language, beliefs,
culture, and traditions. Their relations grew which allowed the Spaniards to share the Catholicism to the
natives. The very first mass in the island was commenced on the 31st day of March 1521 which started the
conversion of the natives to the religion. Following that day, the Spaniards and the natives continued their
trade and, realizing that there were too little to eat in the place, figured to traverse to other islands beyond it,
like Ceylon, Zubu, and Calaghann. Just like in Humunu, they were well-received in Zubu and they
continued facilitating trade and commerce in such place, while introducing Catholicism to its people and
converting them at the same time. This account, written from 1519 to 1522, is based on Antonio
Pigafetta’s personal experiences during the expedition and most of the records were grounded on his own
thoughts, learnings, and realizations. As a primary source, he provided readers with firsthand data and
information necessary for the discovery of world history, especially of the Philippines. Such text gives
cognizance of the life of the early Filipinos as projected in the writings of Pigafetta, describing early dialects
and practices. It paved the way for the understanding of one of the first international relations of the
country that rose from simple trade and commerce. The conversion of the Filipino natives from
paganism to Catholicism is also better appreciated and learned in the book that it becomes a legitimate
basis of the spread of Christianity in the country. All in all, Pigafetta's surviving journal is the source for
much of what is known about the earliest voyages that opened everyone to the discovery of the whole
world. Seeing how good the relationship of the natives and the Spaniards were before was truly
overwhelming to me. With such, it was indeed unexpected to know that such friendship would end up in a
bloody fight in Mactan, as well as three hundred years of cruelty under the hands of the Spanish
conquerors.

Content Analysis: Understanding the historical information

A. Identify and describe the customs and traditions mentioned in the document that have:
1. Socio-cultural significance.
The descriptions of the natives reflect the early lives of the Visayan ancestors
2. Political significance.
The journal shows that even before the pre-colonial Philippines had its own political system.
3. Economic significance
They had the barter system wherein they exchange their good for something that they want or need.

B. Identify and describe the mentioned:

a. Dates
March 25 – approaching the four small islands namely; Cenalo, Hiunanghan, Ibusson, and Abrien
March 28 – anchored in the island of Zamatra (Sumatra)
March 29 – conversation between the captain general and the King of Zamatra
March 31 – the first mass took place
April 7 – entered the port of Zubu

b. Places
Islands of Ladroni – Islands of thieves
Island of Zamal (Samar) – an uninhabited island where they took shelter
Island of Humunu (Homonhon) – a place where they found two springs of the clearest water
Butuan and Calagan – the first mass site
Ceylon, Zubu Calaghann – best ports to get food
Mazaua – where they remained for seven days
Ceylon, Bohol, Canighan, Baybai and Gatighan – the five islands they passed through
Gatighan – bats were as large as eagles
Polo, Ticobon, and Pozon – islands where they awaited for the king of Mazaua

c. Personalities
Captain-General – Ferdinand Magellan.
Raia Colambu & Raia Siaui – kings that took part in the mass.

Contextual Analysis: What are the factors that could have influenced Antonio Pigafetta in the writing of the
document? Explain.
He wanted to explore and learn about the world in which he heard about Magellan’s expedition where
he asked and obtained the permission to join the voyage. The document was his journal which became
basis for his travelogue.

Your own overall observation and insights on the primary source.

His travelogue is one of the most important primary sources in the study of pre-colonial Philippines.

KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN

The Kartilya ng Katipunan, previously known as “Mga Aral ng Mga Anak ng Bayan,” is a set of guiding rules
and principles prepared by Emilio Jacinto which details the vision of the Katipunan along its aspirations for
an egalitarian and morally sound Filipino nation. Jacinto was among the youngest of the revolutionists and
was famously branded as the “Utak ng Katipunan.” In his service to the association, he became the
spokesperson of the organization and served as Supremo Andres Bonifacio’s adviser, secretary, and
accountant. He was also the founding writer of “Kalayaan,” the Katipunan newspaper, as well as the author
of the handbook of the association. As mentioned earlier, the Kartilya contained the official teachings of the
Katipunan which was used to introduce new recruits to the values that must lead and be embodied by every
member of the organization. Being the moral and intellectual foundation of the association, members of the
Katipunan were required to read and study the fourteen lessons of the Kartilya and strictly follow its code of
conduct. The early Katipuneros strongly believed that changing the way people thought and acted is more
important than anything else, especially if it was the only way to change the Philippines for the better.
The Kartilya stresses the love for fellowmen, interdependence, credence in reason, and care for the
dignity and reputation of one another. It upholds primary democratic principles, especially the equality of the
people amidst race, color, economic status, standard of living, and educational attainment. Furthermore, it
honors and respects women in addition to the grave responsibility of men to take care of his wife and
children. Finally, it imposes the longing for freedom and liberty of every Filipino, which corresponds to the
readiness of the members of the Katipunan to sacrifice themselves for the sake of the republic. Later,
Bonifacio remodeled the Kartilya to come up with the Decalogue of the Duties of the Sons of People which
was never attached to the sworn statements of the new members of the brotherhood because the Supremo
believed that Jacinto's work was superior to what he had made. Written in 1892, Emilio Jacinto’s Kartilya ng
Katipunan remains to be one of the most revered teachings of the society because of its metaphorical yet
accurate description of a life anchored to good values and character. Being one of the primary sources of
the first rules governing the country, this code of conduct was made to inform the people of what they
deserve to know for making their lives better. It was not only a primer of the Katipunan, but a persisting
philosophical ideology embodying moral and nationalistic principles which shows us what our lives should
become and how we should live it as we enact the values it tries to convey. Such text helps us
understand that the revolutionaries of the past dedicated their lives to create and define a nation and culture
that was not bound by the colonial restraints of the conquerors but a country that adopted and merged the
best of the West with our own unique culture and society in support of the Filipino people. Aside from
providing me an understanding of the social and political environment during the Spanish colonial era, the
teachings of the Katipunan gave me a new perspective of what an ideal life is about. It challenged me to
develop a positive behavior that would contribute in bringing out the change we’ve all been longing to see.

Analysis of Kartilya ng katipunan

According to PDFCOFFEE.com

Kartilya ng Katipunan was primarily written by Andres Bonifacio. Emilio Jacinto later made revisions
creating a new rulebook known as Decalogue. It served as a guidebook for newcomers those people who
are willing to join the group. The original version has 14 paragraphs that contains the values that a
Katipunero should have. Each paragraph is unique in such a way that they tackle different aspects of a
person’s life. In which case, anyone may have different interpretation. Hence, it is only appropriate to have
a better understanding or explanation to its contents.

1. The first tenet highlights the importance of living a purpose-driven life. A Katipunero who does not have a
purpose lives a useless life.
2. The second rule is all about doing the right thing. A deed carried out for the sake of fame is not worthy of
praise.
3. The third tenet shows what kindness really means. True act of kindness for a Katipunero is in the love
and service he render to other people and not the other way around.
4. The fourth tenet highlights equality. Every Katipuneros are treated equally no matter what race or
educational background he has.
5. The fifth shows what honor should mean for a Katipunero. A true Katipunero values honor more than his
personal interest.
6. The sixth tenet is all about being a man of word. A Katipunero who has a sense of shame must be a man
of his word.
7. The seventh rule gives importance to time. A Katipunero must give importance to time. For the
Katipunan, a time that is lost will never be back.
8. The eighth tenet is all about fighting for what is right. A Katipunero must protect the weak and fight those
who oppress the weak.
9. The ninth tenet highlights the importance trust. A Katipunero is careful with what he says and keeps the
things that must be kept secret.
10. The tenth principle is all about being able to lead a family. A Katipunero must lead his family to the right
path. If the leader is consumed by evil, so does his followers.
11. The eleventh principle is all about women. A Katipunero must give importance to a woman. He must not
see her as an object, nor a past time. That whenever a Katipunero sees a woman, he will remember his
mother who nurtured him.
12. The twelfth principle gives importance to every actions that one has to make. A Katipunero must not do
the things that he does not want to be done to him or to his family.
13. The thirteenth principle is about having the right character. A Katipunero’s life is not measured by what
is his status in life nor with the things that he possess. Instead, it is in his character and his love for the
native land.
14. The last tenet, shows a glimpse of what the author desire. It shows the sense of hopefulness for the
motherland and that all the sacrifices made is not all for nought.

And while we have different interpretation with what was intended by Bonifacio, there is one thing that
everyone can agree on: Kartilya ng Katipunan was meant to guide us in living our everyday life its fullest.
More importantly, it highlights the importance of having the right attitude towards other people.

READINS IN PROCLAMATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

Declaration of Independence

With a government in operation, Aguinaldo thought that it was necessary to declare the independence of
the Philippines. He believed that such a move would inspire the people to fight more eagerly against the
Spaniards and at the same time, lead the foreign countries to recognize the independence of the country.
Mabini, who had by now been made Aguinaldo's unofficial adviser, objected. He based his objection on the
fact that it was more important to reorganize the government in such a manner as to convince the foreign
powers of the competence and stability of the new government than to proclaim Philippine independence at
such an early period. Aguinaldo, however, stood his ground and won.
On June 12, between four and five in the afternoon, Aguinaldo, in the presence of a huge crowd,
proclaimed the independence of the Philippines at Cavite el Viejo (Kawit). For the first time, the Philippine
National Flag, made in Hongkong by Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo, assisted by Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina
Herboza, was officially hoisted and the Philippine National March played in public. The Act of the
Declaration of Independence was prepared by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, who also read it. A passage in
the Declaration reminds one of another passage in the American Declaration of Independence. The
Philippine Declaration was signed by ninety-eight persons, among them an American army officer who
witnessed the proclamation. The proclamation of Philippine independence was, however, promulgated on
August 1 when many towns has already been organized under the riles laid down by the Dictatorial
Government.
ACCORDING TO History of the Filipino People. Teodoro A. Agoncillo

Proclamation of Philippine Independence

The most significant achievement of Aguinaldo's Dictatorial Government was the proclamation of Philippine
Independence in Kawit, Cavite, on June 12, 1898. The day was declared a national holiday. Thousands of
people from the provinces gathered in Kawit to witness the historic event. The ceremony was solemnly held
at the balcony of General Emilio Aguinaldo's residence. The military and civil officials of the government
were in attendance. A dramatic feature of the ceremony was the formal unfurling of the Filipino flag amidst
the cheers of the people. At the same time, the Philippine National Anthem was played by the band.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista solemnly read the "Act of the Declaration of Independence" which he himself
wrote. The declaration was signed by 98 persons. One of the signers was an American, L.M. Johnson,
Colonel of Artillery.
ACCORDING TO :The Philippines: A Unique Nation. Dr. Sonia M. Zaide

Protectorate Proclaimed
Aguinaldo continued his moves for consolidation. The next step was the proclamation of Philippine
Independence on June 12, 1898. Appropriate celebrations marked the event in Kawit at which the
Philippine flag was officially raised and the Philippine National Anthem first publicly played. The declaration
was prepared by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista who patterned it after the American Declaration of
Independence. Aguinaldo invited Dewey to the festivities, but the latter declined the invitation and did not
even report the event to Washington. The declaration was signed by ninety-eight persons, including an
American office, L.M. Johnson, Colonel of Artillery.
ACCORDING TO The Philippines: A Past Revisited. Renato Constantino

Filipino.biz.ph- Philippine culture

Analysis of Declaration of Philippine Independence

Declaration of Philippine Independence was first written by Ambrosio RianzaresBautista also known as Don
Bosyong later translated by Sulpicio Guevara an author, born on year 1904. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
was born on December 7, 1830 at Biñan, Laguna, Captaincy General of the Philippines. The Declaration of
Philippine Independence (Declaracion de Independencia de Filipinas) was proclaimed on 12th of June year
1998 in Cavite II el Viejo (Kawit, Cavite) Philippines at the balcony of General Emilio Aguinaldo’s
residence. The Declaration of Philippine Independence was proclaimed and solemnized by the War
Counsellor and the Special Delegate, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista by the Dictatorial Government
of the Philippines, pursuant to, and by virtue of, a Decree issued by the Engregious Dictator Don Emilio
Aguinaldo y Famy. The declaration was signed by 98 persons. Thousands of people from the provinces
gathered in Kawit, Cavite to witness the historic event. The military, representatives of various
towns and other civil officials were in attendance to witness the said historic event. This declaration has a
purpose to proclaim the sovereignty and independence of the Philippines from the colonial rule of the
Spanish Empire. The Declaration of Philippine Independence is a government- issued document.
The purpose of this document is to remind us, remind the colonists, and the whole world that the Philippines
declared independence from the colonists. The declaration included the list of grievances against the
Spanish Government stretching back to explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrival on 1521. The Declaration of
Philippine Independence document is important in our whole country because it serves as the proof of
being independent of our country from the colonists. This document summarizes and
expresses all about the events happened during the conquest by the colonists in 300 years. This
government-issued document can prove us that our country and our selves were freed from the colonists
and implies that we have the right to live without any hindrances and we also have equality. It teaches us to
be more independent and to fight for ourselves and our country in order to exercise our right to live with
freedom, peace of mind and unity with others.

A glance of caricature mc cloy 1900- 1941 https://www.slideshare.net/lovelythegreat/philippine-history-

report-146728071

JUNE 12, 1898

➢The Philippine declaration of

Independence occurred in Kawit, Cavite.

➢Filipino revolutionary forces under

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