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Protection and Control Communications With IEC 61850 1 - Introduction
Protection and Control Communications With IEC 61850 1 - Introduction
Discussion leader
Eric A. Udren
43 year distinguished career in design & application of protective relaying, control, and communications systems.
Executive Advisor with Quanta Technology, LLC of Raleigh, NC in 2008.
Developing substation protection and control upgrading strategies for major North American utilities, relay
application research and design, and new data communications applications.
Developed software for the world’s first computer-based relaying system.
S
Supervised
i d relaying
l i and d control
t l software
ft d
development
l t ffor th
the iindustry’s
d t ’ fi firstt d
development
l t off a LAN
LAN-based
b d
integrated protection and control system.
Designed the first interface of a microprocessor protective relay to an optical current sensor.
Developed the technical strategy for some of the most progressive utility LAN-based substation protection and
control upgrading programs using IEC 61850 and other data communications, including technical design for utility
enterprise integration of substation information.
IEEE Fellow.
Chairman of two IEEE Power System Relaying Committee (PSRC) Standards Working Groups
Chair of PSRC Relaying Communications Subcommittee.
Received the PSRC Distinguished Service Award in 2001 and again in 2006.
Member of IEC TC 57 Working Group 10 responsible for IEC 61850.
Technical
ec ca Advisor
d so too the
e US National
a o a CoCommittee
ee o
of IEC
C foro TC C 95, Measuring
easu g Relays.
e ays
Member of NERC System Protection and Control Subcommittee (SPCS, formerly SPCTF).
Member of NERC Protection System Maintenance Standard Drafting Team. (PRC-005-2)
Has written and presented over 80 technical papers and chapters of books on relaying topics, and has taught
courses on protection, control, communications, and integration. 2011 GA Tech PRC Walter A. Elmore Best Paper
Award; IEEE Prize Paper Award.
Holds 8 patents on relaying and power-system communications.
1
Impact of substation data communications
2
Relay data for SCADA/EMS
Capabilities of new µP relays:
Fast response & fresh accurate data.
DNP3 and Modbus on RS-485 serial or Ethernet ports.
p
IEC 61850 MMS server-client functions.
IEC 61850 GOOSE high-speed publish/subscribe of status,
metered analogs, synchrophasors.
IEEE C37.118 synchrophasor streaming.
Trial in 2012 – 61850
61850-90-5
90 5 high security WAN
synchrophasors and wide-area GOOSE.
Planning &
Control centers models
- EMS &
SCADA
Management
Substation
S b t ti Dashboard
LAN
communications to CORPORATE
the enterprise WAN with
firewalls & push Asset
servers Managementt
M
Substation
LAN
Protection
& Control
Databases & back Engineering
office applications
& models
for organizational
users
3
Relay data for non-operational users
Goal 2: Use the same communications facilities to get non-
operational data to the enterprise:
Fault location, outages, failures, and system
maintenance.
maintenance
Fault and disturbance recordings, event logs.
Relay and IED self monitoring and failure reporting for
condition based maintenance in NERC PRC-005-2.
Performance statistics - protection & communications
system management.
Power apparatus monitoring by relays and IEDs.
Measurements for trending system operations –
planning, engineering, and protection.
Substation revenue metering.
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 7
4
Sampled Values service on process bus
5
IEC 61850 ‐ Communication networks and
systems for power utility automation
Big standard, evolving for 18 years and still going...
10 original parts – now in Edition 2, plus >23 new parts!
Multiple services – not a monolith:
Server-client design for Ethernet networks.
Application layers for utility/industrial system application.
High speed protection, control, and sampled data streaming services.
6
IEC 61850 is not just a protocol on a wire…
• A modeling approach, a system architecture, and a protocol.
• Multiple services.
Models for
P&C functions &
Standardized points
configuration Ethernet
process LAN/WAN
Switchyard
sampled value
IEC 61850 High-speed
streaming Architecture GOOSE control
messaging
Ti
Time TCP/IP
TCP/IP,
synch UDP/IP,
with SNTP
Layer 2
COMTRADE
multicast
Fault records
1994
US approach UCA™ 2
2000-2012
7
IEC 61850 wiring reduction
Ethernet
Conventional
point to point
wiring
Standard
objects
objects,
models,
& point
descriptions Be careful – the wiring
goes away, but not the
complexity...
8
IEC 61850 as multivendor standard
Aims for integration of multiple vendors’
devices.
Each product has its own list of implemented
services and features.
Conformance – a product is tested to validate
that its included services conform to standard
specs.
Vendor gets KEMA, TÜV SÜD, etc. certificate.
Interoperability – two or more products actually
exchange information (no certification yet).
Be aware of compliant creativity, generic
modeling shortcuts. Will products actually
interoperate?
Performance – a system of products performs
the application properly (no certification yet).
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 17
7 Application Meaning of the data (utility user specifics)
6 Presentation Building blocks of data and encryption for security
5 Session Opening and closing specific communications paths
4 Transport Error checking
3 Network Determining the data paths within the network
2 Data Link
Li k Data transmission, source and destination, checksum
i i dd i i h k
1 Physical Signal levels, connections, wires, fiber, wireless
9
IEC 61850 profile or stack - client-server exchanges
MMS
ISO CO Presentation A li ti P
Application Profile
fil
ISO CO Session
Application (Objects,Services)
Mapping
MMS
High-speed messaging
on LAN – skip WAN
layers
aye s a
and
dpprocessing
ocess g
delays
GOOSE & IP
Sampled Values: TCP
Layer 2 multicast Ethernet Link Layer (with Priority, VLAN)
Ethernet 100 MB/s Fiber
10
IEC 61850 Station Bus protocol services
Station bus mappings (8‐1)
For SCADA, protection, control, and
SCADA information for the enterprise
•Objects on MMS and TCP/IP layers
Obj t MMS d TCP/IP l
•GOOSE (on Data Link layer 2)
Substation •Time synch (SNTP) [Later IEEE
Host 1588/C37.232]
Station Bus
Process Bus
MU - CT MU - VT
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 21
11
Object models - logical groupings
Data
Data Class
StV q Ph 1 Ph 2
A Logical Node
Pos (1 to n)
LN1 LN2
(XCBR) (MMXU)
Logical Device
(1 to n)
Logical Device
(IED1)
Physical Device
Physical Device
(network address)
Each
E h substation
b i ffunction
i may use one or more other h
logical nodes to perform its job (e.g., distance protection
needs measurements from logical nodes CT and VT).
12
Logical node groups
Examples
p of Logical
g Nodes ((LNs):
)
PDIS: Line distance protection
PDIF: Differential protection CSWI: Switch controller
RBRF: Breaker failure MMXU: Measurement unit
XCBR: Circuit breaker YPTR: Power transformer
Circuit Breaker
Q0_L1/XCBR Distance Protection
Gas density monitoring PDIS
Q0_L1/SIMS
Control house
Primary equipment equipment
13
Accessing data
Tree view
IED1
+ PTOC
+ RREC
IED1/XCBR.Pos
- XCBR
+ Mode (Mode)
+ Beh (Behavior )
+ Health (Health)
+ Name (Name plate)
+ Loc (Local operation)
+ EEHealth (External equipment)
+ EEName (External equipment name plate)
+ O C t
OperCnt (O
(Operation
ti counter)
t )
+ Pos (Switch position)
+ BlkOpen (Block opening)
+ BlkClos (Block closing)
+ ChMotEna (Charger motor enabled)
+ CBOpCap (Circuit breaker operating capability)
+ POWCap (Point On Wave switching capability)
Accessing data
IED1
+ PTOC IED1/XCBR.Pos.stVal
+ RREC
- XCBR
+ Mode (Mode)
+ Beh (Behavior )
+ Health (Health)
+ Name (Name plate)
+ Loc (Local operation)
+ EEHealth (External equipment)
+ EEName (External equipment name plate)
+ OperCnt (Operation counter)
- Pos ((Switch position)
p )
ctlVal
stVal intermediate-state (0)
pulseConfig off (1)
operTim on (2)
q bad-state (3)
…more
14
Helpful explanation of 61850 modeling
By Karlheinz Schwarz,
Schwarz
Netted Automation GmBH
See
http://www.nettedautomation.com/qanda/iec61850/information-service.html#Q1
In MMS notation:
S151E1Q3 $ BCCTR $ Q0XCBR1 $ Pos $ ST$ stVal
Interpretation: (Substa-V-bay) . (Physical box, and functional
element
l within
i hi that
h h has b
breaker
k iimage)) . (I
(Image off B
Breaker
k
Q0) . (Data name Pos is position value) . Functional
Constraint ST (a momentary status report only) . [the status
value report – transition, open, closed, invalid]
15
LN example – control, breaker, voltage reg.
Time synchronization
IEC 61850 specifies simple network time protocol
(SNTP) from the IT world.
Requirement
equ e e t foro ttime
e sy
synchronization
c o at o o of waveform
a eo
sampling for process bus merging units is 1 to 10
microseconds, tighter for synchrophasors.
16
Time synchronization
17
Some configuration tools
18
Fast relaying over Ethernet LAN
From Part 1 -
Goal 3: Replace control wiring with messages on
data networks.
Logicin the relays exchanges messages over
high speed redundant optical LANs to replace
wires, control switches, lockout switches.
Dramatic wiring reduction in the station.
Many
installations designed with IEC 61850
GOOSE messaging on LANs are in service.
Statuspoints,
points control including tripping and
lockout, high-speed analog values.
Can be faster than wiring.
Works with other IEC 61850 services, or without them (e.g., with
60870-5 or DNP3 polling for SCADA)
19
61850 GOOSE and GSSE messaging
20
Overview of GOOSE messaging
Publisher-subscriber exchange:
Any other relay or IED can subscribe to (view contents from) the
streams it needs.
21
GOOSE packet rates
Publisher-subscriber exchange:
• Unconfirmed service, backed up by:
© 2011 Penwell & Quanta 44
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 44
Technology LLC
22
Analog GOOSE messaging
Products today:
Send analog values at a fixed slower rate – 100 ms
or 250 ms – not as useful for relaying as GOOSE
status
t t points.
i t
Some will send values at rate driven by status points
in message, but analogs are repeated and updated
every 100 to 500 ms.
NEW: publish synchrophasor values at a rate of 2 to
4 per second (GE and SEL) - Synchrophasor time
tags in packets.
Ask vendor how to get at GOOSE time tag – not the
same as synchrophasor time tag.
This GOOSE is too slow for high speed WAMPAC.
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 46
23
Speed of GOOSE messaging
GOOSE message control can
be faster than a wired
connection! Save 1-4 ms.
How?
A wired trip signal goes through:
The relay processor output program loop delay.
Output delay of hardware interface to wires.
Input debounce filter delay of receiving relay.
Signal
g waits milliseconds for the input
p p processing
g
program logic loop to notice it and react.
GOOSE message bits are sent and read directly
between relay processors with microsecond Ethernet
delays.
Products vary – ask manufacturer, or test.
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 47
24
Distributed lockout with GOOSE
Each relay with relevant breaker control keep track of
lockouts in effect, by logic programming.
Relays are coordinated by the lockout initiating relay, or
b a station
by t ti computert lockout
l k t monitorit function.
f ti
Each relay has a nonvolatile memory of lockout state
(some use mechanically latched output relays).
Uses messaging capabilities already in new relays.
No extra wiring or cost.
Self monitoring feature eliminates testing problem.
As fast as direct tripping.
See 2009 NETAWorld article by Myrda, Donahoe, Udren
for design example.
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 49
25
Redundant station bus
for IEC 61850 GOOSE
messaging
Engineering of mission
critical substation
Ethernet network
No single point of failure
within each of dual
redundant LANs.
Use relay primary and
f il
failover optical
ti l Eth
Ethernett
ports.
Dual switches and paths
for GOOSE messages.
52
© 2013 Quanta Technology, LLC
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 52
26
Settings management
LAN can carry mixed traffic – e.g. DNP3 metering and status, non-
61850 legacy device traffic, plus GOOSE for wiring elimination.
27
Protection and Control
Communications with IEC 61850
3 - Recent Developments in IEC 61850
Eric A. Udren
WSU Hands-On Relay School
March 2013
International application –
improved models
Expanded structure
Improved clarity
TISSUES (bugs)
(b ) cleared
l d
New practical features
New application domains
28
IEC 61850 is branching
New parts of IEC 61850
Expanding outside the
substation
Between substations
To control centers
Communications and
application modeling across
the entire power system
Integration with enterprise
systems
Interfaces with popular
SCADA and control protocols
Wide-area high-speed data &
control services with security
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 57
29
Testing improvements
30
More new parts under development
Part 7-5 - defines the usage of information models for
substation automation applications - examples on how to
apply logical nodes from 7-4 for various applications.
Part 7-10- web based IEC 61850 models
More consistent implementations than those from programmers
reading paper documents.
Part 100-1 - Methods for functional testing in IEC 61850
based systems.
Configuration management of IEC 61850 based systems
1815.1 – Exchanging
Information between DNP Master
networks implementing IEC
61850 and IEEE 1815
DNP Outstation
(DNP3) Gateway
Just starting – IEEE C37.118 IEC 61580 Client
synchrophasors to IEC 61850-90-5
synchrophasors – at PSRC
IEC IEC IEC IEC
61850 61850 61850 61850
Device Device Device Device
31
How to address new areas?
32
90-1 on interstation communications
61850 communications, modeling/semantics, & system engineering
across stations need Ethernet communications.
GOOSE needs LAN, or equivalent…
Ethernet between stations:
Wideband direct interfaces of LANs
Tunnel that filters and directly passes packets over WAN
Gateway that acts as a proxy for packets – e.g. teleprotection device
Ethernet LAN/WAN configuration advice
Teleprotection equipment
acting as gateway
Station A Station B
? ? ?
Function Proxy Function
A1 B1 B1
Function Function
A2 B2
Transparent Tunnel
33
Part 90-4 - Network Engineering Guidelines
Ethernet network&
physical layers were black
box – you make it work.
Now – comprehensive
guidance on reliable
network design.
34
90-5 WAN synchrophasor transport
Sampled Value or GOOSE publish/subscribe across the WAN – useful
way beyond just synchrophasors.
Add layer 3 transport – UDP/IP unicast or multicast (unconfirmed
efficient stream of data p
packets – not like slow,, confirmed TCP/IP))
Routers can search for subscribers and establish routes dynamically
using Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) V.3, a standard IT
router service.
New - a big deal – end-to-end authentication in the packet!
SHA-2 authentication hash code - computed in real time.
Needs new PMU/relay platforms/processors to compute
authentication hash code (coming in 2012).
Industry standard Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI) security
key distribution/management.
Packet encryption specification – can be done in routers.
• IEC 61850-90-9: IEC 61850 object models for battery storage systems.
• IEC 61850
61850-90-11
90 11 – Modeling of
programmable logic per IEC 61499.
35
Other standards projects supporting IEC 61850
Product development
61850 compliant relays and IEDs are widely available.
It’s been a long expensive road for manufacturers – they are
committed to development.
See http://www.ucausersgroup.org/ for list of compatible
products
d t and d other
th iinformation.
f ti
In early 2012 – lots of servers (relays), growing choices for
clients (substation hosts), emergence of commercial process
bus (sampled data) systems based on IEC 61869-9.
Learn status at UCA International Users’ Group
http://sharepoint.ucausersgroup.org/default.aspx
Reports and related standards developments at IEEE Power
S t
System Relaying
R l i C Committee
itt (PSRC) meetings
ti
http://www.pes-psrc.org/
Articles in PACworld magazine
http://www.pacw.org/home.html
36
IEC 61850 – supported in products
Embeddable stacks for sale to IED manufacturers – Triangle
Microworks and SISCO.
Supported by IED manufacturers – SEL, GE, Siemens, ABB,
Alstom Grid/Schneider, ZIV, RFL, Ametek Pulsar, others.
R l ttestt sett manufacturers
Relay f t introducing
i t d i 61850 products
d t –
OMICRON, Doble, Megger, others.
Industry-standard conformance testing program per 61850-10
and UCAIUG program with laboratories.
Substations with significant 61850 in North America since 2005
– going into design standards at large utilities.
Used in critical special protection schemes.
37
Troubleshooting Ethernet/61850 systems
Function level monitoring - program the relay logic to report data
sent/received – catches most problems!
This is an IT network.
Basic tools for Ethernet networks – e.g.,
e g WireShark
Protocol-specific tool examples:
Applied Systems Engineering DNP3 Analyzer
SMC 61850 GOOSEMeter (hand tool)
61850Easy configuration/troubleshooting tools
SISCO AXS4MMS Client - analyzer for relays (servers).
SISCO GOOSE Blaster simulator
NetScout network traffic monitoring for GOOSE
61850 progress
Massive standard – growing beyond 2000 pages
(users don’t need to read all this).
Continuing development and issue resolution among
vendors users
vendors, users, and standards developers
developers.
Edition 2 and new parts of 61850 are being published.
Supported by today’s major relay vendors.
Paper and article traffic reaching saturation level.
Varying interpretations by vendors require industry
conformance test program
program.
61850 reaches inside the devices – there are problems
– get experienced guidance for standard development.
DNP3 remains a widely used client-server protocol that
works on Ethernet (hand point map; no GOOSE).
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 76
38
Steps of typical IEC 61850 project
Each utility has unique organization and needs
1. Data gathering – engage all stakeholders up front!
2. Develop specifications.
3. Develop
p Request
q for Information ((RFI)) with specs.
p
4. Conduct RFI & process – get back a practical plan?
5. Business case - justify proceeding?
7. Full specifications.
8. RFP & vendor selection for trial standard system.
9. Detailed design with vendors.
10. Organizational design and preparation.
39
Sampled Values service for process bus
Process bus
40
Process Bus concept
If we cut a microprocessor based relay in two and put a communications
bus between the I/O and the processing...
LP FILTER
Ethernet Network M
Communications µP LP FILTER
A/D
1 OR
Sub-
SAMPLE
AND
U
MORE
system
HOLD
X LP FILTER
CTs,
LP FILTER
VTs
125 Vdc Station Relay Output
Battery Supply
Relay Output
Trip and
Relay Output
alarm
circuits
POWER SUPPLY
Contact Inputs
Status
contacts
A/D
Comm. Comm. Sub- M S/H & Filter
µP Controller
Controller system U
O/E X
S/H & Filter
Relay Output
Relay1
y IED2 Relay
y3
MU - CT Process Bus MU - VT
MU = switchyard Merging Unit
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 82
41
Merging unit
IEC 61850-9-2
Binary Inputs &
Ethernet Switch Process Bus
Control Outputs
42
IEC 61850-9-2 frame – generic and flexible
Octets 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Notes
Preamble
Start of frame
0
1
2
Destination address
3
4
5 Refer to “Address
Header
6 Fields” section.
MAC
7
8
Octets 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Source address
9
10
1
TPID 0 x 8100 (802.1Q Ethertype) 11
2 12
TPID Refer to ”Priority
13 Priority
3 User priority CFI VID Tagging/VirtualLAN
14 tagged
TCI TCI section.
4 VID 15
16
Ethertype
17
18 Length Start
APPID
19
Service Default VID Default priority 20 Ethertype PDU
Length (m + 8)
Sampled Values 0 4 21
Refer to “Ethertype
22
Reserved 1 and Other Header
23 Information”
24 section.
Reserved 2
25
26
. APDU (of length m)
m + 26
.
(Pad bytes if necessary)
.1517
.
.
Frame check sequence
.
.1521
43
IEC 61850-9-2 LE Data Set
44
Unified substation-wide LAN using 9-2 LE
45
Another direction – 61850-9-2, but not 9-2 LE
Images
courtesy
GE Multilin
46
GE HardFiber components
GE prefab copper cable GE prefab multiple fiber plus power
for field connections – cable from Brick to SCE relays in
SCE facility.
CTs, PTs, contacts, trip
Variety of standard lengths up to 500
circuits. meters.
C il th
Coil the excess cable
bl where
h
convenient.
Brick end and indoor end shown.
Images
courtesy
GE Multilin
GE HardFiber components
Indoors:
Cross connect
panel.
Fibers to/from
relays.
Power from panel
to remote Brick via
HardFiber cable.
Flexible easy
patching of Brick
cores to multiple
GE UR relays.
Images
courtesy
GE Multilin
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 94
47
GE HardFiber components
Process card replaces UR analog/binary input card.
A special purpose Ethernet switch connecting
multiple brick core fiber signals to the protection
processor.
NOTE: No network connection is possible to
existing UR Ethernet port used for:
IEC 61850 GOOSE messages to control center.
Relay settings, events, or configuration.
Isolated by protection application processors.
Can’t hack from Brick into substation network.
Critical CIP compliance help.
Image
courtesy
GE Multilin
Image
courtesy
GE Multilin
© 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 96
48
HardFiber interoperability with other vendors?
49
Ngrid UK 400 kV process bus demo
Ratcliffe indoor
substation
50
Cost effective partial solution
Questions?
51