Chapter-6

Triangles
Continued…
 Recall……
CONGRUENT TRIANGLES
If two triangles are congruent, then their corresponding sides and corresponding angles are equal

A P
If ∆ 𝑨𝑩𝑪 ≅ ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹,
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑨𝑩 = 𝑷𝑸,
𝑩𝑪 = 𝑸𝑹,
𝑨𝑪 = 𝑷𝑹
B Q R and ∠𝑨 = ∠𝑷, ∠𝑩 = ∠𝑸, ∠𝑪 = ∠𝑹

Criteria for Congruence of Triangles

1. SAS congruence rule 2. ASA congruence rule

3. SSS congruence rule 4.AAS congruence rule 5.RHS congruence rule

 Examples of congruent figures
All circles with the same radii, all squares with the same side lengths and all
equilateral triangles with the same side lengths are congruent .
Similar Figures
Some are congruent and some are not,
Are these figures congruent ?
but all of them in fig (i), fig (ii) and
fig (iii) have the same shape .
(i)

Figures having the same shape, but

not necessarily the same size are
called similar figures.

( ii )

( iii ) Note: All congruent figures are similar but all

similar figures need not be congruent.
 Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar, if
(i) their corresponding angles are equal and
(ii) their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion ) .

Note : The same ratio of the corresponding sides is referred to as the scale factor
( or the Representative Fraction ) for the polygons .
Vertex A corresponds to vertex W ,
vertex B corresponds to vertex X ,
vertex C corresponds to vertex Y ,
vertex D corresponds to vertex Z :
Symbolically these correspondence are
represented by
A ↔ 𝑾 , 𝑩 ↔ 𝑿 , 𝑪 ↔ 𝒀, 𝑫 ↔ 𝒁
(i) ∠A =∠𝑾 , ∠𝑩 = ∠𝑿 , ∠ C= ∠ 𝒀 , ∠ D= ∠ 𝒁 and Quadrilateral ABCD is similar to quadrilateral
𝑨𝑩
(ii) =
𝑩𝑪
=
𝑪𝑫
=
𝑫𝑨
=
𝟏 WXYZ .We can also say that quadrilateral
𝑾𝑿 𝑿𝒀 𝒀𝒁 𝒁𝑾 𝟏𝟎
WXYZ is similar to the quadrilateral ABCD .
 Similarity of Triangles
Two triangles are similar , if
(i) their corresponding angles are equal and
(ii) their corresponding sides are in the same ratio ( or proportion ) .

If vertex A corresponds to vertex D ,

vertex B corresponds to vertex E ,
vertex C corresponds to vertex F :
Symbolically these correspondence are
represented by A ↔ 𝑫 , 𝑩 ↔ 𝑬 , 𝑪 ↔ 𝑭
and we write the similarity of these
two triangles as ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ∼ ∆𝑫𝑬𝑭 and (i) ∠A =∠𝑫 , ∠𝑩 = ∠𝑬 , ∠ C= ∠ 𝑭 and
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪 𝟏
read it as′∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒕𝒐 ∆𝑫𝑬𝑭 ′ (ii)
𝑫𝑬
=
𝑬𝑭
=
𝑫𝑭
=
𝟒

The symbol “ ~ " stands for "is similar to "

EXERCISE 6.1
1. Fill in the blanks using the correct word given in brackets :
similar
(i) All circle are ……… ( congruent , similar)

similar
(ii) All square are ……….. ( congruent , similar)

equilateral
(iii) All ……………… triangles are similar . (isosceles , equilateral)

(iv) Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar ,

equal and
if (a) their corresponding angles are ………
proportional
(b) their corresponding sides are ……………
2. Give two different examples of pair of

(i) similar figures . (ii) non – similar figures .

Ans : (i) Examples of similar figures :

(a) Square (b) Regular hexagons

(ii) Examples of non – similar figures :

(a) Two triangles of different angles .

(b) A square and a rectangle.

 3. State whether the following quadrilaterals are similar or not .
1.5cm D 3cm C
S R

1.5cm 1.5cm 3cm 3cm

P Q
1.5cm A B
3cm

Ans :
No , the sides of quadrilateral PQRS and ABCD are proportional but
their corresponding angles are not equal .
∴ These are not similar .
Criteria for Similarity of Triangles

Theorem 6.3 : (AAA similarity criterion )

If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides
are in the same ratio (or proportion) and hence the two triangles are similar (AAA
similarity criterion).

Example :
Here , ∠A =∠𝑷 ,
∠𝑩 = ∠𝑸 ,
∠C= ∠ 𝑹
∴ ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ∼ ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 .
(AAA similarity )
Remark : If two angles of a triangle are respectively equal to two angles of another
triangle, then by the angle sum property of a triangle their third angles will also be
equal .Therefore, AAA similarity criterion can also be stated as follows :

AA similarity criterion
If in two triangles, two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to the two
angles of the other triangle, then the two triangles are similar .
Example :
Z
R

X Here ,
∠𝐏=∠𝑿 ,
∠𝑸 = ∠𝒁 ,
P Q ∴ ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 ∼ ∆𝑿𝒁𝒀 .
Y (AA similarity )
EXERCISE 6.3
1.State which pairs of triangles in Fig 6.34 are similar . Write the
similarity criterion used by you for answering the question and also
write the pairs of similar triangles in the symbolic form:

P Here , ∠A =∠𝑷 ,
(I) A
∠𝑩 = ∠𝑸 ,
𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟎𝟎 ∠C= ∠ 𝑹
∴ ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ∼ ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 .
𝟎 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟎𝟎 (AAA similarity )
𝟖𝟎 𝟎
𝟒𝟎 ( R
B C Q
 P
A
( vi )
𝟕𝟎𝟎

𝟖𝟎𝟎
𝟎
𝟖𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎

B C Q R

In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 , ∠A +∠𝑩 + ∠C =𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 (Angle sum property),

∠𝑪 = (𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 -𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 )=𝟑𝟎𝟎 ,

Here , ∠𝐂 =∠𝑹 and ∠𝑩 = ∠𝑸 ,

∴ ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ∼ ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 . (AA similarity )
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

1.Similar triangles

2. Basic proportionality theorem .

3.Converse of Basic proportionality theorem .

4. Two Criteria for similarity of triangles .