Drug Index Updated2 2

DRUG INDEX
Generic/
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Brand Name
Acetazolamide 250-375 the drug forces the kidneys to excrete Prophylaxis of high altitude Hypersensitivity to Drowsiness, paraesthesia,
mg/day bicarbonate, the conjugate base of sickness, Acute closed angle sulphonamides; sodium or ataxia, dizziness, thirst,
250-1000 mg carbonic acid. By increasing the amount glaucoma, Epilepsy potassium depletion, hepatic anorexia, headache;
24 hrly of bicarbonate excreted in the urine, the insufficiency; hepatic confusion, malaise,
8-30 blood becomes more acidic. Acidifying cirrhosis; hyperchloraemic depression; GI distress,
mg/kg/day the blood stimulates ventilation, which acidosis; severe renal metabolic acidosis, polyuria,
increases the amount of oxygen in the impairment; severe hyperuricaemia, renal calculi,
blood pulmonary obstruction; nephrotoxicity, hepatic
chronic noncongestive dysfunction.
angle-closure glaucoma; Potentially Fatal: Rarely, skin
adrenocortical insufficiency. reactions or blood dyscrasias.
Pregnancy, lactation
Acetazolamide 250-375 the drug forces the kidneys to excrete Prophylaxis of high altitude Hypersensitivity to
mg/day bicarbonate, the conjugate base of sickness, Acute closed angle Drowsiness, paraesthesia,
250-1000 mg carbonic acid. By increasing the amount glaucoma, Epilepsy sulphonamides; sodium ataxia, dizziness, thirst,
24 hrly of bicarbonate excreted in the urine, the or potassium depletion, anorexia, headache;
8-30 blood becomes more acidic. Acidifying hepatic insufficiency; confusion, malaise,
mg/kg/day the blood stimulates ventilation, which depression; GI distress,
increases the amount of oxygen in the hepatic cirrhosis; metabolic acidosis, polyuria,
blood hyperchloraemic hyperuricaemia, renal calculi,
acidosis; severe renal nephrotoxicity, hepatic
dysfunction.
impairment; severe Potentially Fatal: Rarely, skin
pulmonary obstruction; reactions or blood
chronic noncongestive dyscrasias.
angle-closure glaucoma;
adrenocortical
insufficiency.
Pregnancy, lactation
Acetylcysteine 600mg/200mg Exerts mucolytic action through its free Acute and chronic respiratory Phenylketonurics Rarely, urticaria,
(Fluimucil) sulfylhydryl group which opens up the tract infections with abundant bronchospasm, nausea and
disulfide bonds in the mucoproteins thus mucus secretions. vomiting.
lowering mucous viscosity.
Use with caution in patients
prone to dyspepsia or known
to have a lesion of the
Antithrombotic, analgesic/antipyretic
gastric mucosa. Do not
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, resulting
administer to patients with
in analgesia, anti-inflammatory activity Prophylaxis of Gastric hemorrhage,
Acetylsalicylic acid 325 mg/tab or hemophilia and is not
and platelet aggregation inhibition; thromboembolic disorder; hypersensitivity and
(Aspirin) 80 mg/tab recommended to infants <1
reduces fever by aacting on the brain’s preventions of MI & stroke thrombocytopenia may occur
year. Caution is necessary
heat-regulating canter to promote
when renal or hepatic
vasodilation and sweating.
function is impaired and
particularly in children who
are dehydrated
Generic/
Brand Name
Acetylsalicylic acid 325 mg/tab or hemophilia and is not
and platelet aggregation inhibition; thromboembolic disorder; hypersensitivity and
(Aspirin) 80 mg/tab recommended to infants <1
reduces fever by aacting on the brain’s prevention of MI & stroke thrombocytopenia may occur
are dehydrated
Acetylsalicylic acid 325 mg/tab or Antithrombotic, analgesic/antipyretic Prophylaxis of Use with caution in patients Gastric hemorrhage,
(Aspirin) 80 mg/tab Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, resulting thromboembolic disorder; prone to dyspepsia or known hypersensitivity and
in analgesia, anti-inflammatory activity prevention of MI & stroke to have a lesion of the thrombocytopenia may occur
and platelet aggregation inhibition; gastric mucosa. Do not
reduces fever by aacting on the brain’s administer to patients with
heat-regulating canter to promote hemophilia and is not
vasodilation and sweating. recommended to infants <1
are dehydrated
Acetylsalicylic acid 325 mg/tab or Antithrombotic, analgesic/antipyretic Prophylaxis of Use with caution in patients Gastric hemorrhage,
(Aspirin) 80 mg/tab Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, resulting thromboembolic disorder; prone to dyspepsia or known hypersensitivity and
in analgesia, anti-inflammatory activity prevention of MI & stroke to have a lesion of the gastric thrombocytopenia may occur
and platelet aggregation inhibition; mucosa. Do not administer to
reduces fever by aacting on the brain’s patients with hemophilia and
heat-regulating canter to promote is not recommended to
vasodilation and sweating. infants <1 year. Caution is
necessary when renal or
hepatic function is impaired
and particularly in children
who are dehydrated
Activated 40mg/ tab Relieve flatulence by dispersing Accumulation of gas in the
dimethicone / 1tab TID and preventing formation of gas pocket GIT, sensation of pressure
Simethicone in the GI system and fullness in epigastrium;
(Disflatyl) temporary and post op
meteorism; gastro-cardiac
syndrome, in preparation for
xray exam before
gastroscopy
Aeknil 150mg/ml Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Pyrexia of unknown origin. Anemia, cardiac & Hematological, skin & other
Paracetamol 2~3ml every 4 the CNS & peripherally blocks pain Fever & pain associated with pulmonary disease. Hepatic allergic reactions
hours for adult impulse generation; produces antipyresis common childhood disorders, or severe renal disease
1~2ml every 4 from inhibition of hypothalamic heart- tonsillitis, upper resp tract
hours for child regulating center infections post-immunization
reactions, after tonsillectomy
Generic/
Brand Name
& other conditions.
Prevention of febrile
convulsion. Headache, cold,
sinusitis, muscle pain, arthritis
& toothacke
Inhibits DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase
Caution for use with other
IV. This results in inhibition of DNA
400mg / tab QTc prolonging drugs and Dizziness (3%) Nausea (7%)
Aldazide replication and translation, DNA repair, Antibiotic / Quinolone
once a day corticosteroids. May Diarrhea (6%)
recombination and transposition, which
aggravate myasthenia gravis
causes bacterial cell death
Absorption of most oral penicillins is
300mg / tab impaired by food (except amoxicillin), Rash or hypersensitivity
Allopurinol Adult 2-10 and should be administered 1-2 hours reactions (discontinue). Acute
Pregnancy & lactation.
(Allomaron, mg/kg BW/day. before a meal. Intravenous route is attack of gouty arthritis in
Hepatic or renal impairment
Allurase, Alpurase, Mild 100-200 preferred bePcause of irritation and local early stages of therapy. GI
(reduce dose). Initiate
Elavil, Llanol, mg daily. pian produced by the intramuscular disturbance. Blood &
therapy after acute gout
Lopric, Lopurine, Moderately injection of large doses. Penicillin is lymphatic system disorders.
attack has subsided
Loricid, Purinase) severe 300- rapidly excreted by the kidney into the Fever, general malaise,
600 mg daily urine, small amounts excreted via other headache, vertigo, ataxia.
routes
Allopurinol 300mg / tab Absorption of most oral penicillins is Pregnancy & lactation. Rash or hypersensitivity
(Allomaron, Adult 2-10 impaired by food (except amoxicillin), Hepatic or renal impairment reactions (discontinue). Acute
Allurase, Alpurase, mg/kg BW/day. and should be administered 1-2 hours (reduce dose). Initiate attack of gouty arthritis in
Elavil, Llanol, Mild 100-200 before a meal. Intravenous route is therapy after acute gout early stages of therapy. GI
Lopric, Lopurine, mg daily. preferred because of irritation and local attack has subsided disturbance. Blood &
Loricid, Purinase) Moderately pian produced by the intramuscular lymphatic system disorders.
severe 300- injection of large doses. Penicillin is Fever, general malaise,
600 mg daily rapidly excreted by the kidney into the headache, vertigo, ataxia.
urine, small amounts excreted via other
routes
Allopurinol 300mg / tab Absorption of most oral penicillins is Pregnancy & lactation. Rash or hypersensitivity
(Allomaron, Adult 2-10 impaired by food (except amoxicillin), and Hepatic or renal impairment reactions (discontinue). Acute
Allurase, Alpurase, mg/kg should be administered 1-2 hours before (reduce dose). Initiate attack of gouty arthritis in
Elavil, Llanol, BW/day. a meal. Intravenous route is preferred therapy after acute gout early stages of therapy. GI
Lopric, Lopurine, Mild 100-200 because of irritation and local pian attack has subsided disturbance. Blood &
Loricid, Purinase) mg daily. produced by the intramuscular injection lymphatic system disorders.
Moderately of large doses. Penicillin is rapidly Fever, general malaise,
severe 300- excreted by the kidney into the urine, headache, vertigo, ataxia.
600 mg daily small amounts excreted via other routes
Almitrine 30mg/tab q8 Almitrine is a peripheral chemoreceptor Minor age-related Concurrent administration Abdominal discomfort,
agonist that is used as a respiratory neurological disorders. Some with MAOIs. epigastric distress, peptic
stimulant in acute respiratory failure such visual disorders related to the ulceration, headache, nausea,
as COPD. It is believed to improve circulation. Some disorders of peripheral angioedema,
oxygenation by enhancing the ventilation the inner ear related to the tinnitus, edema.
perfusion mismatch. circulation
Ambroxol Cap: 75mg Causes the formation of qualitatively Acute & chronic diseases of 1st trimester of pregnancy Mild GI disturbance eg
1cap TID different mucus of lower viscosity by the the respiratory tract with nausea, vomiting & diarrhea
Susp: mucus-secreting cells and thus leads to pathologically thickened
30mg/5ml a liquefaction of the mucus in the lumen mucus & impaired mucus
Generic/
Brand Name
0.5~5ml TID of the respiratory tract transport
Ambroxol 30mg/5ml a secreolytic. It causes the formation of respiratory tract disease mild GI effects and allergic mild GI effects and allergic
(Mucosolvan) the qualitative different mucus of the associated with abnormal reactions reactions
lower mucus-secreting cells and thus mucus secretions, especially
leads to the liquefication of the mucus in in exacerbation of asthmatic
the lumenof the respiratory tract. bronchitis and chronic
bronchitis
Ambroxol 30mg/5ml a secreolytic. It causes the formation of respiratory tract disease mild GI effects and allergic mild GI effects and allergic
(Mucosolvan) the qualitative different mucus of the associated with abnormal reactions reactions
lower mucus-secreting cells and thus mucus secretions, especially
leads to the liquefication of the mucus in in exacerbation of asthmatic
the lumenof the respiratory tract. bronchitis and chronic
bronchitis
Amikacin 200mg Thru Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible For bacterial septicemia Hypersensitivity to amino Ototoxicity and
IM OD bacteria by binding to 30s ribosomal including neonatal sepsis glycosides nephrotoxicity. Rarely, fever
subunits and paresthesia
As a supplement to amino acid solutions Monitor hepatic function in
1.5-2ml/kg or an amino acid-containing infusion patients with compensated
Amino acids
BW/day, max 3 regimen in parenteral nutrition for hepatic insufficiency.
(Dipeptiven)
wk hypercatabolic or hypermetabolic Pregnancy and lactation ,
patients children
Amino acids 1.5-2ml/kg As a supplement to amino acid solutions Monitor hepatic function in
(Dipeptiven) BW/day, max 3 or an amino acid-containing infusion patients with compensated
wk regimen in parenteral nutrition for hepatic insufficiency.
hypercatabolic or hypermetabolic Pregnancy and lactation ,
patients children
Amino acids 1.5-2ml/kg As a supplement to amino acid solutions Monitor hepatic function in
(Dipeptiven) BW/day, max or an amino acid-containing infusion patients with compensated
3 wk regimen in parenteral nutrition for hepatic insufficiency.
hypercatabolic or hypermetabolic patients Pregnancy and lactation ,
children
Blue-grey discolouration of
Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic skin, photosensitivity,
agent which inhibits stimulation, prolongs peripheral neuropathy,
Hypersensitivity to
action potential and refractory period in paraesthesia, myopathy,
amiodarone or iodine.
myocardial tissues. It also decreases AV Management of life- ataxia, tremor, nausea,
Amiodarone Severe sinus node
conduction and sinus node function. threatening ventricular vomiting, metallic taste,
dysfunction, 2nd and 3rd
Sinus rate is reduced by 15-20%, PR arrhythmias, Cardiac arrest hypothyroidism,
200mg, 1 tab degree heart block (except
and QT intervals are increased. secondary to ventricular hyperthyroidism, alopoecia,
OD in patients with a functioning
Amiodarone can cause marked sinus fibrillation or pulseless sleep disturbances, corneal
artificial pacemaker),
bradycardia or sinus arrest and heart ventricular tachycardia microdeposits, hot flushes,
cardiogenic shock,
block. In acute IV doses, amiodarone sweating. Heart block,
pregnancy.
may exert a mild negative inotropic bradycardia, sinus arrest,
effect. hepatotoxicity, heart failure.
Amlodipine 500mg every Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell Bone & joint infection, hypersensitive to the drug or GI disturbances, occasionally
12 hours membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall bronchitis, gonorrhea, other nitroimidazole pseudomembranous colitis;
IV, oral synthesis by mechanisms similar to meningitis, otitis media, derivatives and in patients in hypersensitivity reactions.
Generic/
Brand Name
Eosinophilia. Headache.
peritonitis, pharyngitis, Superinfection or eythema
those of the penicillins sinusitis, skin infection, 1st trimester of pregnancy multiforme, Stevens-Johnson
surgical infection, UTI syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis
Amlodipine 5mg/tab OD Inhibits Ca++ ions from the entering the Known sensitivity to Headache, edema, fatigue,
(Amvasc) “slow channels” of select voltage- Hypertension, Angina, dihydropyridines somnolence, nausea,
sensitive areas of vascular smooth myocardial ischemia. Reduce abdominal pain, flushing,
muscle and myocardium during the risk of coronary palpitations, dizziness.
depolarization, producing relaxation of revascularization. Asthenia, vasodilation and
coronary vascular smooth muscle and epistaxis.
coronary vasodilation; increases
myocardial oxygen delivery in patients
with vasospastic angina.
Amlodipine 5mg/tab OD Inhibits Ca++ ions from the entering the Known sensitivity to Headache, edema, fatigue,
(Norvasc) “slow channels” of select voltage- Hypertension, Angina, dihydropyridines somnolence, nausea,
sensitive areas of vascular smooth myocardial ischemia. Reduce abdominal pain, flushing,
muscle and myocardium during the risk of coronary palpitations, dizziness.
depolarization, producing relaxation of revascularization. Asthenia, vasodilation and
coronary vascular smooth muscle and epistaxis.
coronary vasodilation; increases
myocardial oxygen delivery in patients
with vasospastic angina.
Cystitis, depression, anxiety,
Hypersensitivity to insomnia, syncope,
dihydropyridine derivatives. somnolence, dizziness,
Amlodipine + Biliary obstructive disorders, migraine, headache,
Treatment of essential
Telmisartan 5/80 mg tab Antihypertensive Severe hepatic impairment, peripheral neuropathy,
hypertension
(Twynsta) Cardiogenic shock, rare paresthesia, hypoesthesia,
hereditary condition of dysgeussia, tremor, vertigo,
fructose intolerance. bradycardia, palpitations,
vomiting, nausea
Hypersensitivity, pregnancy
Headache, dizziness,
and lactation. Severe
Amlodipine Calcium channel blocker and thiazide nasopharingitis, fatigue, upper
Hypertension hepatic and renal
+HCTZ(Valsartan) diuretics RTI, cough, diarrhea,
impairment, biliary cirrhosis,
arthralgia, back pain
cholestasis, anuria
Contraindicated in patients
with penicillin Diarrhea, nausea, skin
Amoclav Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta
1 g tab once a hypersensitivity. rashes, urticaria, vaginitis,
Clavulanic acid – lactamase inhibitor and protect
day Superinfections involving abdominal discomfort,
Amoxicillin hydrolysable penicillins from inactivation.
pseudomonas or candida. flatulence, headache
Pregnancy and lactation
Amoclav 1 g tab once a Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta Contraindicated in patients Diarrhea, nausea, skin
Clavulanic acid – day lactamase inhibitor and protect with penicillin rashes, urticaria, vaginitis,
Amoxicillin hydrolysable penicillins from inactivation. hypersensitivity. abdominal discomfort,
Superinfections involving flatulence, headache
pseudomonas or candida.
Generic/
Brand Name
Effects: diarrhea, nausea,
with penicillin
Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta skin rashes, urticaria,
500 mg/ cap Respiratory tract, skin & soft hypersensitivity.
Amoxicillin lactamase inhibitor and protect vaginitis, abdominal
P.O tissue infections Superinfections involving
hydrolysable penicillins from inactivation. discomfort, flatulence,
headache
Pregnancy and lactation.
Amoxicillin 500 mg/ cap Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta Respiratory tract, skin & soft Contraindicated in patients Effects: diarrhea, nausea,
P.O lactamase inhibitor and protect tissue infections with penicillin skin rashes, urticaria,
hydrolysable penicillins from inactivation. hypersensitivity. vaginitis, abdominal
Superinfections involving discomfort, flatulence,
pseudomonas or candida. headache
Amoxicillin 500 mg/ cap Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta lactamase Respiratory tract, skin & soft Contraindicated in patients Effects: diarrhea, nausea,
P.O inhibitor and protect hydrolysable tissue infections with penicillin skin rashes, urticaria,
penicillins from inactivation. hypersensitivity. vaginitis, abdominal
Superinfections involving discomfort, flatulence,
pseudomonas or candida. headache
Amoxiclav 1 g tab once a Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta lactamase Contraindicated in patients Diarrhea, nausea, skin
Clavulanic acid - day inhibitor and protect hydrolysable with penicillin rashes, urticaria, vaginitis,
Amoxicillin penicillins from inactivation. hypersensitivity. abdominal discomfort,
Ampicillin Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor Respiratory tract infections, Hypersensitivity to drugs, itching, nausea, vomiting,
of the enzyme transpeptidase. bacterial meningitis, pseudomembranous colitis candidiasis, fatigue, malaise,
Transpeptidase is needed by bacteria to septicemia and endocarditis, headache, chest pain,
make their cell walls urinary tract infections, flatulence, abdominal
gastrointestinal infections, distension, glossitis, urine
retention, dysuria, edema,
facial swelling, erythema,
chills, tightness in throat,
substernal pain, epistaxis and
mucosal bleeding.
Ampicillin 100mg Thru Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta lactamase Treatment of infections Contraindicated in patients Diarrhea, nausea, skin
IM Q12 inhibitor and protect hydrolysable caused by susceptible gm+ve with penicillin rashes, urticaria, vaginitis,
penicillins from inactivation. and gm-ve microorganism hypersensitivity. abdominal discomfort,
Ascorbic acid 500 mg/ tab Necessary for collagen formation and Prevent and treat scurvy Hyperoxaluria None
tissue repair; involved in some oxidation-
reduction reactions as well as other
metabolic pathways
Asparaginase Adults and Hypersenstivity. Pregnancy: Nausea, vomiting, headache,
(Elspar, Oncaspar, children: 200 Use only if potential benefit fever, abdominal pain,
Erwinase) IU/KG justifies risk to the fetus hyperglycaemia leading to
Generic/
Brand Name
coma, hypersensitivity, renal
intravenously damge, coagulation defects,
Breast Feeding: Discontinue
daily for 28 thrombosis, CNS depression
nursing or the drug
days or hyperexcitability, acute
hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Asparaginase Adults and Asparaginase interferes with malignant Induction of remissions in Hypersenstivity. Pregnancy: Nausea, vomiting, headache,
(Elspar, Oncaspar, children: 200 cell growth by breaking down asparagine acute lymphoblastic Use only if potential benefit fever, abdominal pain,
Erwinase) IU/KG to aspartic acid and ammonia as leukaemia justifies risk to the fetus hyperglycaemia leading to
intravenously leukemic cells are unable to synthesise Breast Feeding: Discontinue coma, hypersensitivity, renal
daily for 28 asparagine and depends on exogenous nursing or the drug damge, coagulation defects,
days source of asparagine for survival. It acts thrombosis, CNS depression
on the G1 phase of the cell cycle. or hyperexcitability, acute
Asparaginase Adults and Hypersenstivity. Pregnancy: Nausea, vomiting, headache,
(Elspar, Oncaspar, children: 200 Use only if potential benefit fever, abdominal pain,
Erwinase) IU/KG justifies risk to the fetus hyperglycaemia leading to
intravenously Breast Feeding: Discontinue coma, hypersensitivity, renal
daily for 28 nursing or the drug damge, coagulation defects,
days thrombosis, CNS depression
or hyperexcitability, acute
Atenolol 250mg/tab Competitively and selectively blocks Hypertension, angina Metabolic acidosis, sinus Heart failure, heart block and
stimulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, bradycardia, partial heart bronchospasm
within vascular smooth muscle to MI, prophylaxis of migraine. block
produce negative chronotropic and
positive inotropic activity. It also
decreases RAAS at high doses and
inhibits beta2-receptors in brochial
system at higher doses.
Reduction of elevated total &
Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate Nausea & vomiting, diarrhea
LDL cholesterol
limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, abdominal pain, constipation,
apolipoprotein B &
Atorvastatin Ca result in compensatory increase in Active liver disease, dyspepsia, flatulence,
10 mg/tab triglycerides & increase HDL
(Lipitor) expression of LDL receptors on pregnancy and lactation. headache, myalgia, insomnia,
cholesterol in patients with
hepatocyte membranes & stimulation of muscle cramps, peripheral
primary
LDL catabolism edema
hypercholesterolemia.
Reduction of elevated total &
Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate Nausea & vomiting, diarrhea
LDL cholesterol
limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, abdominal pain, constipation,
apolipoprotein B &
Atorvastatin Ca result in compensatory increase in Active liver disease, dyspepsia, flatulence,
10 mg/tab triglycerides & increase HDL
Lipitor expression of LDL receptors on pregnancy and lactation. headache, myalgia, insomnia,
cholesterol in patients with
hepatocyte membranes & stimulation of muscle cramps, peripheral
primary
LDL catabolism edema
Atorvastatin Ca 20 mg/tab after Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate Reduction of elevated total & Active liver disease, Nausea & vomiting, diarrhea
Lipitor dinner limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, LDL cholesterol pregnancy and lactation. abdominal pain, constipation,
result in compensatory increase in apolipoprotein B & dyspepsia, flatulence,
expression of LDL receptors on triglycerides & increase HDL headache, myalgia, insomnia,
hepatocyte membranes & stimulation of cholesterol in patients with muscle cramps, peripheral
LDL catabolism primary edema
Generic/
Brand Name
Atorvastatin Ca 10 mg/tab Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate Reduction of elevated total & Active liver disease, Nausea & vomiting, diarrhea
Lipitor limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, LDL cholesterol pregnancy and lactation. abdominal pain, constipation,
result in compensatory increase in apolipoprotein B & dyspepsia, flatulence,
expression of LDL receptors on triglycerides & increase HDL headache, myalgia, insomnia,
hepatocyte membranes & stimulation of cholesterol in patients with muscle cramps, peripheral
LDL catabolism primary edema
Atorvastatin Ca 10 mg/tab Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate primary Active liver disease, Nausea & vomiting, diarrhea
Lipitor limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, hypercholesterolemia. pregnancy and lactation. abdominal pain, constipation,
result in compensatory increase in dyspepsia, flatulence,
expression of LDL receptors on headache, myalgia,
hepatocyte membranes & stimulation of insomnia, muscle cramps,
LDL catabolism peripheral edema
Atropine 1amp q3min Blocks the action of acetylcholine at Premd to general anesth, to Prostate enlargement, Dryness of the mouth & skin,
parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, counteract muscarinic effects paralytic ileus, pyloric thirst, reduced bronchial
secretory glands and the CN; Increases of anticholinesterases, stenosis, angle-closure secretions, mydriasis,
cardiac output, dries secretions, aystole & electromechanical glaucoma & narrow angle cycloplegia, photophobia,
antagonizes histamine and seotonin dissociation, bradycardia, between iris & cornea. flushing, transcient
antidote to organophosphate Childrn with high ambient bradycardia then tachycardia,
poisoning, antidote to temp. palpitations, arrhythmia,
cholinomimetic poisoning difficulty in micturition,
constipation, hyperthermia
Atropine sulfate 1 drop 3 times mechanism of action involves blocking Mydriasis &/or cycloplegia. Primary glaucoma or a Prolonged use may produce
a day at left the contraction of the circular pupillary For cycloplegic refraction, for tendency toward glaucoma. local irritation.
eye sphincter muscle, which is normally pupillary dilation desired in Hypersensitivity.
stimulated by acetylcholine release, acute inflammatory conditions
thereby allowing the radial pupillary of the iris & uveal tract.
dilator muscle to contract and dilate the
pupil
Azithromycin 500mg/tab OD Inhibits RNA dependent protein Respiratory tract infections, hypersensitivity GI disturbances,
(Zithromax) synthesis at the chain elongation step, skin and soft tissue infections, hypersensitivity, angioedema,
binds to the 50s ribosomal unit resulting otitis media, STD due to anaphylaxis, hearing
in blockage of transpeptidation N.gonnorhea, prophylFaxis impairment, abnormal liver
for MAC in HIV, function, dizziness, vertigo,
reduced cell counts
Azithromycin 500mg/tab OD Inhibits RNA dependent protein Respiratory tract infections, hypersensitivity GI disturbances,
(Zithromax) synthesis at the chain elongation step, skin and soft tissue infections, hypersensitivity, angioedema,
binds to the 50s ribosomal unit resulting otitis media, STD due to anaphylaxis, hearing
in blockage of transpeptidation N.gonnorhea, prophylaxis for impairment, abnormal liver
MAC in HIV, function, dizziness, vertigo,
reduced cell counts
Generic/
Brand Name
Azithromycin 500mg/250mg Inhibits RNA-dependent protein Upper and lower respiratory Hypersensitivity to Nausea, abdominal
dihydrate synthesis at the chain elongation step; tract infections, skin and soft erythromycin and other discomfort, vomiting,
binds to the 50s ribosomal unit resulting tissue infections, otitis media, macrolide antibiotics. flatulence, diarrhea and loose
in blockage of transpeptidation. STD due to Chlamydia stools.
trachomatis & uncomplicated
genital infections due to non-
multiresistant Neisseria
gonorrhoeae.
Treatment of acute diarrhea
2billion/5ml
with duration of ≤14 days due
Adult : 2~3
Bacillus clausal to infections, drugs or poisons
vials/day, Antidiarrheal N/A N/A
(Erceflora) or for chronic or persistent
children :
diarrhea with duration of ≥14
1~2vials/day
days
Bacillus clausal 2billion/5ml Antidiarrheal Treatment of acute diarrhea N/A N/A
(Erceflora) Adult : 2~3 with duration of ≤14 days due
vials/day, to infections, drugs or poisons
children : or for chronic or persistent
1~2vials/day diarrhea with duration of ≥14
days
Bacillus clausal 2billion/5ml Antidiarrheal Treatment of acute diarrhea N/A N/A
(Erceflora) Adult : 2~3 with duration of ≤14 days due
vials/day, to infections, drugs or
children : poisons or for chronic or
1~2vials/day persistent diarrhea with
duration of ≥14 days
Betahistine diHCl 8 mg 1-2 tab Anti-histamine with specific cellular Meniere’s disease, Meniere- Pheochromocytoma, Mild gastric symptoms, rash,
(Serc) TID receptors located ont the surface like syndrome characterized bronchial asthma, history of pruritus, urticaria
membrane by attacks of vertigo, tinnitus peptic ulcer
& sensorineural deafness,
peripheral vertigo
Bethanecol Stimulates muscarinic acetylcholine
Chloride receptors directly; mimics effects of
(Uriflow) parasympathetic system stimulation;
stimulates gastric motility, micturition;
increases lower esophageal sphincter
pressure
Untreated narrow-angle Fatigue, dizziness,
glaucoma, intestinal drowsiness, dry mouth,
Drug induced movement stenosis, or obstruction, swelling of salivary glands,
Biperiden 2 mg/tab Antiparkinsonian drug
disorder megacolon, prostatic accommodation difficulties,
hypertrophy, life threatening mydriasis and photophobia,
tachycardia. gastric symptoms, nausea
Bisacodyl 1-2 tab at night Stimulates enteric nerves to cause Constipation. Preparation for Ileus, intestinal obstruction, Rarely, abdominal discomfort
(Dulcolax) colonic mass movements radiography, antepartum, acute surgical abdominal and diarrhea
postpartum care, preparation conditions, severe
for sigmoidoscopy or dehydration
protoscopy or colonoscopy,
hemorrhoids and anal
Generic/
Brand Name
fissures
Bisacodyl 10mg/supp Rarely, abdominal discomfort & Constipation. Prep for Ileus, intestinal obstruction, Rarely, abdominal discomfort
(Dulcolax) 5mg sup diarrhoea. radiography; antepartum & acute surgical abdominal & diarrhoea.
5mg/tab postpartum care; prep for conditions; severe
sigmoidoscopy or dehydration. Appendicitis &
proctoscopy; colonoscopy; acute inflammatory bowel
hemorrhoids & anal fissures. diseases
All conditions w/c require
defacation to be facilitated.
Brimonidine tartrate 1 drop every combines reversibly with a part of the cell for the reduction of elevated in patients with Very common (>1/10):
2.0 mg/mL and 12 hours membrane, the beta-adrenergic receptor, intraocular pressure in hypersensitivity to any conjunctival hyperaemia,
Timolol 5.0 mg/mL and thus inhibits the usual biological patients with open angle component of this burning sensation.
eye drops response that would occur with glaucoma or ocular medication, in patients Common (>1/100, <1/10):
(COMBIGAN) stimulation of that receptor. hypertension not adequately receiving monoamine stinging sensation in the eye,
predominant action may be related to responding to monotherapy. oxidase (MAO) inhibitor eye pruritus, allergic
reduced aqueous formation. A slight therapy, in patients with conjunctivitis, conjunctival
increase in outflow facility was also bronchospasm, bronchial folliculosis, visual disturbance,
observed. asthma or patients with a blepharitis, epiphora, corneal
history of bronchial asthma, erosion, superficial punctate
or severe chronic obstructive keratitis, eye dryness, eye
pulmonary disease, in discharge, eye pain, eye
patients with sinus irritation, foreign body
bradycardia, second or third sensation.
degree atrioventricular
block, overt cardiac failure or
cardiogenic shock.
Brimonidine tartrate 1 drop every combines reversibly with a part of the cell for the reduction of elevated in patients with Very common (>1/10):
2.0 mg/mL and 12 hours membrane, the beta-adrenergic receptor, intraocular pressure in hypersensitivity to any conjunctival hyperaemia,
Timolol 5.0 mg/mL and thus inhibits the usual biological patients with open angle component of this burning sensation.
eye drops response that would occur with glaucoma or ocular medication, in patients Common (>1/100, <1/10):
(COMBIGAN) stimulation of that receptor. hypertension not adequately receiving monoamine stinging sensation in the eye,
predominant action may be related to responding to monotherapy. oxidase (MAO) inhibitor eye pruritus, allergic
reduced aqueous formation. A slight therapy, in patients with conjunctivitis, conjunctival
increase in outflow facility was also bronchospasm, bronchial folliculosis, visual disturbance,
observed. asthma or patients with a blepharitis, epiphora, corneal
history of bronchial asthma, erosion, superficial punctate
or severe chronic obstructive keratitis, eye dryness, eye
pulmonary disease, in discharge, eye pain, eye
patients with sinus irritation, foreign body
bradycardia, second or third sensation.
degree atrioventricular
block, overt cardiac failure or
cardiogenic shock.
Bromazepam 1.5 mg/tab TID Binds to stereo specific benzodiazepine Anxiety & tension state, Early pregnancy, lactation, Acute anxiety, hallucinations,
(Lexotan) receptors on the post synaptic GABA depressive mood, nervous myasthenia gravis excitation.
neuron at the several sites within the tension, agitation, insomnia,
CNS. Enhancement of the inhibitory functional state of CV &
effect of GABA on neuronal excitability respiratory system. Adjuvant
results by increased neuronal membrane to psychotherapy in
Generic/
Brand Name
permeability to chloride ions. psychoneurosis
Binds to stereo specific benzodiazepine Anxiety & tension state,
receptors on the post synaptic GABA depressive mood, nervous
Bromazepam Early pregnancy, lactation, Acute anxiety, hallucinations,
1.5 mg/tab TID CNS. Enhancement of the inhibitory functional state of CV &
Lexotan myasthenia gravis excitation.
Bromazepam Adult: Initially, Bromazepam is a benzodiazepine with Anxiety Preexisting CNS depression Drowsiness, sedation, muscle
6-18 mg daily general properties similar to diazepam. It or coma, resp depression, weakness and ataxia; less
in divided is used in the treatment of anxiety acute pulmonary frequently vertigo, headache,
doses. Doses occuring alone or associated with insufficiency or sleep apnea; confusion, depression, slurred
up to 60 mg insomnia. severe hepatic impairment; speech, changes in libido,
daily have not indicated for chronic tremor, visual disturbances,
been used. psychosis, phobic or urinary retention, GI
Elderly: Max obsessional states; may disturbances, changes in
initial dose: 3 precipitate suicide or salivation and amnesia;
mg daily. aggressive behavior, not rarely, jaundice, blood
used alone to treat disorders and hypersensitivity
depression or anxiety reactions; pain and
associated with depression; thrombophlebitis; raised liver
glaucoma. enzyme values; paradoxical
excitation.
Lexotan receptors on the post synaptic GABA depressive mood, nervous myasthenia gravis excitation.
Bromazepam 1.5-3 mg up to Bromazepam is a "classical" Anxiety & tension states, Early pregnancy, lactation. Acute anxiety, hallucinations,
(Lexotan) tid benzodiazepine. depressive mood, nervous Myasthenia gravis insomnia or excitation.
6-12 mg bid-tid tension, agitation & insomnia.
Adjuvant to psychotherapy in
psychoneurosis
Generic/
Brand Name
Budesonide 200 mcg once Bronchial asthma Pulmonary TB & other Aggression, excitement &
a day BID. bacterial diseases; airway hyperactivity may occur.
fungal infections; status
asthmaticus.
Bumetanide 0.5mg/IV Acts in the thick ascending limb of the Hypertension, Edema Anuria, hepatic coma, Electrolyte imbalance in
(Burinex) 4mg/tab loop on Henle, where it inhibits the associated with CHF. severe electrolyte depletion. prolonged treatment.
cotransport of sodium, potassium and Hepatic/Renal diseases Concurrent administration Muscular cramps. Skin
chloride; decreases uric acid secretion; including nephrotic syndrome with Li. rashes.
and cause no change In urinary pH. and acute pulmonary edema.
Injectable
solution Calcium supplementation,
100mg/ml Hypocalcemia Hypersensitivity, IM/SC
Bone mineral component; cofactor in Bradycardia, hypotension,
(10%) Off label: cardiac arrest, administration, ventricular
enzymatic reactions, essential for headache, constipation,
Calcium gluconate Tablet: 50mg, hydrofluortic acid burn, fibrillation during CPR,
neurotransmission, muscle contraction diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,
500mg, 650 calcium channel blocker hypercalcemia, digoxin
and many signal transduction pathways. vomiting
mg overdose, hyperkalemia, poisonings, sarcoidosis
Capsule: hypermagnesemia
500mg
Calcium Gluconate Amp Replaces and maintains body calcium, a Hypocalcemic tetany or Overdosage may produce
100mg/mL cation needed for maintenance of hyperkalemia and parathyroid serious cardiac effects
nervous, muscular, skeletal systems, tetany. Mg intoxication to
enzyme reactions, normal cardiac counteract resp paralysis.
contractility, coagulation of blood; affects Necessary for proper nerves
secretory activity of endocrine, exocrine and muscles function, blood
glands clot, normal cardiac function.
Calcium 5g sachet Is a calcium-type resin Hyperkalemia resulting from Careful administration in Constipation, anorexia, and
polystyrene acute or chronic renal failure. patients with nausea.
sulfonate hyperparathyroidism and
(Kalimate) multiple myeloma.
Candesartan 8mg, 16mg Blocks the vasoconstrictor and Headache, URTI, backpain,
tablets aldosterone secreting effects of Pregnancy. Severe or end- dizziness, nausea
angiotensin II; selectively blocks the Hypetension stage renal impairment,
binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 children
receptor found in the tissues.
Candesartan Pregnancy. Severe or end- Headache, upper resp tract
16mg ½ tab Antihypertensive agent and angiotensin
cilexetil Hypertension. stage renal impairment. infection, back pain,
OD II receptor antagonist.
(Biopress) Childn. dizziness, nausea.
Captopril (Capotec) 25mg/tab Is an ACE-inhibitor which converts For treatment of Patients with hypersensitivity GI symptoms
angiotensin I to angiotensin II. hypertension, CHF. to the drug and who
experienced angioedema
during ACE drug therapy.
Carvedilol Is a multiple action neurohormonal Management of essential Patients with NYHA Class IV Dizziness, headache, fatigue,
(Dilatrend) antagonist consisting of nonselective hypertension. Treatment of decompensated heart failure bradycardia, skin reactions,
beta and alpha blockade, and antioxidant angina pectoris. Treatment of requiring intravenous GI upset
properties. symptomatic CHF. inotropic support; asthma;
COPD; 2nd and 3rd degree
AV block; severe
bradycardia; cardiogenic
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Brand Name
shock; sick sinus syndrome
Cefalexin 500mg/cap Cephalexin, like the penicillins, is a beta- UTI, respiratory tract illness, Hypersensitivity to fever, headache,lethargy,
lactam antibiotic. By binding to specific skin and soft tissue infections, cephalosporins or penicillins paresthesia, syncope,
penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located seizures, edema,
first line treatment for cellulitis
inside the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits the hypotension,vasodilation,
third and last stage of bacterial cell wall palpitations, chest pain,
synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by hearing loss, nausea,
bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
as autolysins; it is possible that cramps, oral candidiasis,
cephalexin interferes with an autolysin pseudomembranous colitis
inhibitor. vaginal candidiasis
nephrotoxicity, lymphocytosis,
eosinophilia, bleeding
tendency, hemolytic anemia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia,
agranulocytosis, joint pain,
dyspnea, rash, maculopapular
urticaria, superinfection, chills,
pain, allergic reaction,
hypersensitivity reactions
anaphylaxis, serum sickness
Bone & joint infection, Shock, hypersensitivity

0.5~1gram Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell bronchitis, gonorrhea, reaction, granulocytopenia,
every 5~12 membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall meningitis, otitis media, Hypersensitivity to eosinophilia,
Cefazolin
hours synthesis by mechanisms similar to peritonitis, pharyngitis, cephalosporin thrombocytopenia, GI
Max 6g/day those of the penicillins sinusitis, skin infection, disturbance, convulsion, HA,
surgical infection, UTI dizziness, malaise
Cefazolin 0.5~1gram Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell Bone & joint infection, Hypersensitivity to Shock, hypersensitivity
every 5~12 membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall bronchitis, gonorrhea, cephalosporin reaction, granulocytopenia,
hours synthesis by mechanisms similar to meningitis, otitis media, eosinophilia,
Max 6g/day those of the penicillins peritonitis, pharyngitis, thrombocytopenia, GI
sinusitis, skin infection, disturbance, convulsion, HA,
Cefazolin 0.5~1gram Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell Bone & joint infection, Hypersensitivity to Shock, hypersensitivity
every 5~12 membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall bronchitis, gonorrhea, cephalosporin reaction, granulocytopenia,
hours synthesis by mechanisms similar to those meningitis, otitis media, eosinophilia,
Max 6g/day of the penicillins peritonitis, pharyngitis, thrombocytopenia, GI
sinusitis, skin infection, disturbance, convulsion, HA,
Cefepime (Axera) 1gm IV bacteriacidal action by inhibiting cell wall 1. Mild to moderate Contraindicated in patients CNS: headache, pain, fever
synthesis. It’s usually active against urinary tract infections caused hypersensitive to drug, other CV: phlebitis
gram-positive microorganisms such as S. by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella cephalosporins, penicillins, GI: colitis, diarrhea,
pneumoniae, S. aureus, and S. pneumoniae, or Proteus or other beta-lactam nausea, vomiting, oral
pyogenes and gram-negative mirabilis, including cases antibiotics. Use cautiously in candidiasis
microorganisms such as nterobacter related to concurrent patients with history of GI GU: vaginitis
species, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. bacteremia with these disease (especially colitis), Skin: rash, pruritus,
mirabilis, and P. aueruginosa. microorganisms. impaired renal function, or urticaria
Generic/
Brand Name
2. Severe urinary tract poor nutritional status and in Other: inflammation
infections including those receiving a protracted
pyelonephritis caused by E. course of antimicrobial
coli or K. pneumoniae. therapy.
3. Moderate to severe
pneumonia caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, K.
pneumoniae, or Enterobacter
species.
4. Moderate to severe
uncomplicated skin and skin-
structure infections caused
bu Staphylococcus aureus
(methicillin-susceptible
strains) or Streptococcus
pyogenes.
5. Empiric therapy in
febrile neutropenia
6. Uncomplicated and
complicated urinary tract
infections, uncomplicated skin
and skin-structure infections,
pneumonia.
Cefixime (Tergecef) 200mg/cap Acts by inhibitng cell wall synthesis. Acute bronchitis, Hypersensitivity to penicillins Shock, anaphylactoid
Bactericidal. bronchiectasis with infection, symptoms, agranulocytosis,
pneumonia, sinusitis, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
pharyngitis, cystitis, pain
cholangitis
Active against g+ cocci (pneumococci,
Hypotension, phlebitis,
streptococci and staphylococci) and g-
thrombophlebitis,
organisms. Active against B fragilis and
pseudomembranous colitis,
some Serratia species but less active
Patients with transient nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
against H influenzae. Exhibit in vitro
persistent reduction of acute renal failure, transient
Cefoxitin sodium 1g IV every 8 activity against enterobacter species, but
2nd generation cephalosporin urinary output due to renal neutropenia, dyspnea,
(Monowel) hours should not be used to treat infections
insufficiency. Precaution maculopapular and
caused by these organisms because
when used for neonates erythematous rash, urticaria,
resistant mutants constitutively express a
hypersensitivity reactions,
chromosomal beta-lactamase that
serum sickness, anaphylaxis,
hydrolyzes these compounds are readily
fever
selected.
Cefoxitin sodium 1g IV every 8 Active against g+ cocci (pneumococci, 2nd generation cephalosporin Patients with transient Hypotension, phlebitis,
(Monowel) hours streptococci and staphylococci) and g- persistent reduction of thrombophlebitis,
organisms. Active against B fragilis and urinary output due to renal pseudomembranous colitis,
some Serratia species but less active insufficiency. Precaution nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
against H influenzae. Exhibit in vitro when used for neonates acute renal failure, transient
activity against enterobacter species, but neutropenia, dyspnea,
should not be used to treat infections maculopapular and
caused by these organisms because erythematous rash, urticaria,
Generic/
Brand Name
resistant mutants constitutively express a hypersensitivity reactions,
chromosomal beta-lactamase that serum sickness, anaphylaxis,
hydrolyzes these compounds are readily fever
selected.
Cefoxitin sodium 1g IV every 8 Active against g+ cocci (pneumococci, 2nd generation Patients with transient Hypotension, phlebitis,
(Monowel) hours streptococci and staphylococci) and g- cephalosporin persistent reduction of thrombophlebitis,
organisms. Active against B fragilis and urinary output due to renal pseudomembranous colitis,
some Serratia species but less active insufficiency. Precaution nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
against H influenzae. Exhibit in vitro when used for neonates acute renal failure, transient
activity against enterobacter species, but neutropenia, dyspnea,
should not be used to treat infections maculopapular and
caused by these organisms because erythematous rash, urticaria,
resistant mutants constitutively express a hypersensitivity reactions,
chromosomal beta-lactamase that serum sickness, anaphylaxis,
hydrolyzes these compounds are readily fever
selected.
Ceftazidime 1 gm vial Bactericidal in action by inhibitng Treatment of single or Patients with known Diarrhea, urticarial rash, pain
(Tazidem) bacterial cell wall synthesis. multiple infections caused by hypersensitivity to on injection site.
susceptible organisms. cephalosporins antibiotics.
Hypersensitivity reaction,
Lower respiratory tract. Acute
Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell urticaria, eosinophilia, serum
bacterial otitis media, skin &
1~2 g once a membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall Hypersensitivity to sickness-like fever,
Ceftriaxone skin structure, urinary tract,
daily synthesis by mechanisms similar to cephalosporin anaphylaxis, neutropenia,
meningitis & surgical
those of the penicillins thrombocytopenia, ATN,
prophylaxis
acute intestinal nephritis
Ceftriaxone 1~2 g once a Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell Lower respiratory tract. Acute Hypersensitivity to Hypersensitivity reaction,
daily membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall bacterial otitis media, skin & cephalosporin urticaria, eosinophilia, serum
synthesis by mechanisms similar to skin structure, urinary tract, sickness-like fever,
those of the penicillins meningitis & surgical anaphylaxis, neutropenia,
prophylaxis thrombocytopenia, ATN,
Ceftriaxone 1~2 g once a Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell Lower respiratory tract. Acute Hypersensitivity to Hypersensitivity reaction,
daily membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall bacterial otitis media, skin & cephalosporin urticaria, eosinophilia, serum
synthesis by mechanisms similar to those skin structure, urinary tract, sickness-like fever,
of the penicillins meningitis & surgical anaphylaxis, neutropenia,
prophylaxis thrombocytopenia, ATN,
GI disturbances, occasionally
Bone & joint infection, pseudomembranous colitis;
Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell bronchitis, gonorrhea, hypersensitive to the drug or hypersensitivity reactions.
500mg every
Cefuroxime membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall meningitis, otitis media, other nitroimidazole Eosinophilia. Headache.
12 hours
(Zinnat) synthesis by mechanisms similar to peritonitis, pharyngitis, derivatives and in patients in Superinfection or eythema
IV, oral
necrolysis
Cefuroxime 500mg every Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell Bone & joint infection, hypersensitive to the drug or GI disturbances, occasionally
Generic/
Brand Name
pseudomembranous colitis;
bronchitis, gonorrhea, hypersensitivity reactions.
membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall meningitis, otitis media, other nitroimidazole Eosinophilia. Headache.
12 hours
(Zinnat) synthesis by mechanisms similar to peritonitis, pharyngitis, derivatives and in patients in Superinfection or eythema
IV, oral
necrolysis
(Zinnat) 12 hours membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall bronchitis, gonorrhea, other nitroimidazole pseudomembranous colitis;
IV, oral synthesis by mechanisms similar to meningitis, otitis media, derivatives and in patients in hypersensitivity reactions.
those of the penicillins peritonitis, pharyngitis, 1st trimester of pregnancy Eosinophilia. Headache.
sinusitis, skin infection, Superinfection or eythema
surgical infection, UTI multiforme, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis
(Zinnat) 12 hours membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall bronchitis, gonorrhea, other nitroimidazole pseudomembranous colitis;
IV, oral synthesis by mechanisms similar to those meningitis, otitis media, derivatives and in patients in hypersensitivity reactions.
of the penicillins peritonitis, pharyngitis, 1st trimester of pregnancy Eosinophilia. Headache.
sinusitis, skin infection, Superinfection or eythema
surgical infection, UTI multiforme, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis
Anaphylactic reactions, renal
toxicity. Hallucination,
ageusia, anosmia, aseptic
meningitis, vasculitis, GI
Asthma, urticaria, allergic-
hemorrhage. Hepatitis, liver
type reaction to
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by failure, interstitial nephritis,
sulfonamides, aspirin or
decreasing the activity of the enzyme, photosensitivity reaction,
Osteoarthritis and other NSAIDs. Treatment of
Celecoxib 200 mg tab OD cyclooxygenase-2 which results in exfoliative dermamtitis,
Rheumatoid arthritis peri-operative pain in the
decreased formation of prostaglandin erythema multiforme,
setting of coronary artery
precursors Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
bypass graft surgery. Severe
toxic epidermal necrolysis &
hepative impairment.
menstrual disorder. Cerebral
hemorrhage, fulminant
hepatitis, liver necrosis,
hyponatremia, conjunctivitis
Celecoxib 200 mg/tab 1 Is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Treatment of signs and Patients with known Abdominal pain, diarrhea,
(Celebrex) tab OD (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory, symptoms of osteoarthritis hypersensitivity to celecoxib dyspepsia, flatulence,
analgesic and antipyretic activities due to and rheumatoid arthritis. and to patients who have nausea, back pain, dizziness,
inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Treatment of acute pain. experienced asthma, headache, insomnia, rashes.
urticaria or allergic-type
reactions after taking aspirin
or other NSAIDS.
Chlorphenamine 10 mg IV Competes with histamine for H1-receptor Allergy, allergic rhinitis, Lower resp tract disease. Sedation, lassitude, elation or
maleate sites on effector cells in the bronchial asthma, vasomotor Newborn or premature depression, irritability,
(Antamin) gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and rhinitis, dermatoses of allergic infatns paranoid psychosis, delusion,
respiratory tract etiology, urticaria, drug hallucination. Muscular
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Brand Name
sensitization, serum sickness, weakness, incoordination.
anaphylactic shock, insect GIT disturbances. Headache,
bites tinnitus. Difficulty in
micturition. CV effects
Chlorphenamine 10 mg IV Competes with histamine for H1-receptor Allergy, allergic rhinitis, Lower resp tract disease. Sedation, lassitude, elation or
maleate sites on effector cells in the bronchial asthma, vasomotor Newborn or premature depression, irritability,
(Antamin) gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and rhinitis, dermatoses of allergic infatns paranoid psychosis, delusion,
respiratory tract etiology, urticaria, drug hallucination. Muscular
sensitization, serum sickness, weakness, incoordination.
anaphylactic shock, insect GIT disturbances. Headache,
bites tinnitus. Difficulty in
micturition. CV effects
Cilostazol (Pletaal) 50mg tab OD Inhibits cellular cyclic AMP Hemorrhage in upper GIT, Rash, urticarial, palpitation,
phosphodiesterase III (PDE), which Treatment of ischemic UT, hemoptysis and vitreous tachycardia, gastric
result to increased levels of cyclic AMP. symptoms including body. CHF. Pregnancy and discomfort.
Increase in the level of cAMP in platelets ulceration, pain, coldness of lactation. History of
and blood vessels causes vasodilatation the extremities in chronic hypersensitivity.
and inhibition of platelet aggregation arterial occlusion. Prevention
caused by thrombin, ADP, collagen, of recurrence of cerebral
arachidonic acid, epinephrine and shear infarction (excluding
stress cardiogenic cerebral
embolism)
Cinnarizine 25mg/tab q12 Inhibits contractions of vascular smooth Maintenance therapy of Hypersensitivity Somnolence & GI
muscle cells by blocking calcium labyrinthine disorders, disturbance. Aggravation or
channels. In addition to this cerebrovascular origin, appearance of extrapyramidal
deformability and derdirect calcium migraine. Prophylaxis of symptoms (prolonged use in
antagonism, cinnarizine decreases the motion sickness, the elderly).
contractile activity of vasoactive maintenance therapy for
substances. It may further improve symptoms of peripheral
deficient microcirculation by increasing circulation disorders.
erythrocyte deformability and decreasing
blood viscosity. Cellular resistance to
hypoxia is increased. Cinnarizine inhibits
stimulation of the vestibular system
which results in suppression of
nystagmus and other autonomic
disturbances. Acute episodes of vertigo
can be prevented or reduced by
cinnarizine.
Ciprofloxacin 500mg/tab q12 Blocks bacterial DNA synthesis by For gram-negative bacterial Hypersensitivity Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
(Ciprobay) x 7 days inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II infections Pregnancy and lactation headache, restlessness ,rash
(DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV Intra-abdominal infections.
Respiratory tract, middle ear,
sinus, eyes, kidneys, Urinary
Tract genital abdomen, skin &
soft tissue infections, bone &
joints, septicemia; infections
in patients with reduced host
Generic/
Brand Name
defense & selective intestinal
decontamination
inmmunocompromised
patients
Gram negative infection. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
Treatment of wide range of abdominal pain, dyspepsia.
infections including anthrax, Headache, dizziness,
biliary tract infection, bone & restlessness, tremor,
500mg / tab joint infections, brucellosis, drowsiness, rarely insomnia,
Cystic fibrosis Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible infected bites & stings, cat visual & other sensory
Pregnancy & lactation,
Ciprofloxacin HCl 20mg/kg, max organism; inhibit relaxation of scratch disease, chancroid, disturbances. Rash, pruritus,
methicillin-resistant S.aureus
Prozine 750mg BID supercoiled DNA and promotes exacerbations of cystic elevated liver enzyme values,
infections
Gonorrhea breakage of double-stranded DNA fibrosis, gastroenteritis, jaundice, hepatitis.
500mg OD gonorrhea, legionnaire’s Eosinophilia, leucopenia,
disease, otitis media & thrombocytopenia, hemolytic
externa, peritonitis, Q fever, anemia or agranulocytosis.
lower respiratory tract Transient increase in serum
infection creatinine or BUN
Ciprofloxacin HCl 20mg/kg, max organism; inhibit relaxation of scratch disease, chancroid, disturbances. Rash, pruritus,
750mg BID supercoiled DNA and promotes exacerbations of cystic elevated liver enzyme values,
infections
Ciprofloxacin HCl 500mg / tab Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible Gram negative infection. Pregnancy & lactation, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
Prozine Cystic fibrosis organism; inhibit relaxation of Treatment of wide range of methicillin-resistant S.aureus abdominal pain, dyspepsia.
20mg/kg, max supercoiled DNA and promotes infections including anthrax, infections Headache, dizziness,
750mg BID breakage of double-stranded DNA biliary tract infection, bone & restlessness, tremor,
Gonorrhea joint infections, brucellosis, drowsiness, rarely insomnia,
500mg OD infected bites & stings, cat visual & other sensory
scratch disease, chancroid, disturbances. Rash, pruritus,
exacerbations of cystic elevated liver enzyme values,
fibrosis, gastroenteritis, jaundice, hepatitis.
gonorrhea, legionnaire’s Eosinophilia, leucopenia,
Ciprofloxacin HCl 500mg / tab Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible Gram negative infection. Pregnancy & lactation, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
Prozine Cystic fibrosis organism; inhibit relaxation of supercoiled Treatment of wide range of methicillin-resistant S.aureus abdominal pain, dyspepsia.
20mg/kg, max DNA and promotes breakage of double- infections including anthrax, infections Headache, dizziness,
Generic/
Brand Name
750mg BID stranded DNA biliary tract infection, bone & restlessness, tremor,
Citicholine; 200-600 mg for Citicoline increases blood flow and O2 Head injury hypersensitivity reaction Stomach pain, diarrhea;
cytidine 5'- head injury consumption in the brain. It is also Cerebrovascular disorders Parasympathetic hypertonia. hypotension, tachycardia,
diphosphocholine Cerebrovascul involved in the biosynthesis of lecithin Parkinsonism bradycardia.
ar disorders Cerebrovascular disorders
Adult: 200-600
mg daily in
divided doses.
Oral
Parkinsonism
Adult: 200-600
mg daily in
divided doses.
Parenteral
Citicholine; 200-600 mg Citicoline increases blood flow and O2 Head injury hypersensitivity reaction Stomach pain, diarrhea;
cytidine 5'- for head injury consumption in the brain. It is also Cerebrovascular disorders Parasympathetic hypertonia. hypotension, tachycardia,
diphosphocholine Cerebrovascul involved in the biosynthesis of lecithin Parkinsonism bradycardia.
ar disorders Cerebrovascular disorders
Adult: 200-600
mg daily in
divided doses.
Oral
Parkinsonism
Adult: 200-600
mg daily in
divided doses.
Parenteral
Citicoline Na 500mg/cap A derivative of choline and Cerebrovascular disorder Parasympathetic hypertonia Stomach pain, diarrhea,
cytidineinvolved in the synthesis of including ischemic stroke, hypotension, tachycardia,
lecithin. It is claimed to increase blood parkinsonism, and head injury bradycardia
flow and oxygen consumption in the
brain.
Clarithromycin 7.5 mg/kg bid Clarithromycin prevents bacteria from Upper & lower resp tract, Known hypersensitivity to Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia,
(Klaricid) up to a max growing by interfering with their protein acute otitis media, skin & soft macrolides. Concomitant abdominal pain, taste
500 mg bid. synthesis. Clarithromycin binds to the tissue infections. use of clarithromycin w/ perversion, diarrhea,
Usual duration: subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome Disseminated or localized astemizole, cisapride, headache & skin rash.
5-10 days and thus inhibits the translation of mycobacterial infections due pimozide, terfenadine &
peptides. Clarithromycin has similar to Mycobacterium avium or ergotamine or
antimicrobial spectrum as erythromycin Mycobacterium intracellulare dihydroergotamine. Patients
Generic/
Brand Name
but is more effective against certain receiving terfenadine
gram-negative bacteria, particularly therapy w/ preexisting
Legionella pneumophila. Besides this cardiac abnormalities or
bacteriostatic effect, clarithromycin also electrolyte disturbances
has bactericidal effect on certain strains
such as Haemophilus influenzae,
Streptococcus pneumoniae and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae..
Clarithromycin 7.5 mg/kg bid Clarithromycin prevents bacteria from Upper & lower resp tract, Known hypersensitivity to Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia,
(Klaricid) up to a max growing by interfering with their protein acute otitis media, skin & soft macrolides. Concomitant abdominal pain, taste
500 mg bid. synthesis. Clarithromycin binds to the tissue infections. use of clarithromycin w/ perversion, diarrhea,
Usual duration: subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome Disseminated or localized astemizole, cisapride, headache & skin rash.
5-10 days and thus inhibits the translation of mycobacterial infections due pimozide, terfenadine &
peptides. Clarithromycin has similar to Mycobacterium avium or ergotamine or
antimicrobial spectrum as erythromycin Mycobacterium intracellulare dihydroergotamine. Patients
but is more effective against certain receiving terfenadine
gram-negative bacteria, particularly therapy w/ preexisting
Legionella pneumophila. Besides this cardiac abnormalities or
bacteriostatic effect, clarithromycin also electrolyte disturbances
has bactericidal effect on certain strains
such as Haemophilus influenzae,
Streptococcus pneumoniae and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae..
Reversibly binds to 50s ribosomal
Treatment of serious
subunits preventing peptide bond GI disease, history of colitis,.
anaerobic infections due to
formation thus inhibiting bacterial protein Hypersensitivity to Atopic patients. Hepatic or
Clindamycin 600 mg IV Bacteroides fragilis, and
synthesis; bacteriostatic or bactericidal lincomycins renal impairment. Prolonged
some staphylococcal
depending on drug concentration, therapy and in infants.
infections.
infection site and organism
Clindamycin 150-300 mg 6 Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by Treatment of anaerobic, Hypersensivity drug & Diarrhea.
hourly binding to the 50S subunit of the staphylococcal & strepcoccal lincomycin. Pregnancy & Pseudomembranous colitis
ribosomes infections & in the prophylaxis lactataion. may develop. Hypersensitivity
of endocarditis; it is also used reactions including skin
in the treatment of acne & rashes, uticaria & very rare
protozoal infections such as anaphylaxis. Transient
Pneumocytis carnii leucopenia occasionally
pneumonia or toxoplasmosis. agranulocytosis, eosinophilia,
thrombocytopenia, erythema
multiforme polyarthritis &
abnormalities in the liver
function tests. Jaundice &
hepatic damage. Local
irritation & contact dermatitis.
Clonidine Oral: Partial alpha-2 antagonist. Decrease Decrease dose with renal Orthostatic hypotension, rash,
(Catapres) 0.1,0.2,0.3 mg preganglionic sympathetic outflow from insufficiency drowsiness, dry mouth,
tablets brain resulting in decrease in blood constipation, headache,
Patche: pressure impaired ejaculation
release
0.1,0.2,0.3
Generic/
Brand Name
mg/24 hrs
Clonidine Oral: Partial alpha-2 antagonist. Decrease Decrease dose with renal Orthostatic hypotension, rash,
(Catapres) 0.1,0.2,0.3 mg preganglionic sympathetic outflow from insufficiency drowsiness, dry mouth,
release
0.1,0.2,0.3
mg/24 hrs
Clonidine Oral: Partial alpha-2 antagonist. Decrease Decrease dose with renal Orthostatic hypotension,
(Catapres) 0.1,0.2,0.3 mg preganglionic sympathetic outflow from insufficiency rash, drowsiness, dry mouth,
release
0.1,0.2,0.3
mg/24 hrs
Dyspepsia, abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting, flatulence,
constipation, gastritis, gastric
Hypersensitivity to the drug
inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet For patients with a history of and duodenal ulcers. GI
substance or any
aggregation acting by direct inhibition of recent myocardial infarction upset, diarrhoea,
component of the product.
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binding to (MI), recent stroke, or paraesthesia, vertigo,
Clopidogrel 5mg/tab 1 tab Active pathological bleeding
its receptor and of the subsequent ADP- established peripheral arterial headache, dizziness, pruritus
after lunch such as peptic ulcer or
mediated activation of the glycoprotein disease, patients with acute and rashes.
intracranial hemorrhage.
GPIIb/IIIa complex. coronary syndrome Potentially Fatal: Bleeding
disorders including GI and
intracranial haemorrhage.
Blood dyscrasias.
Dyspepsia, abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting, flatulence,
constipation, gastritis, gastric
Hypersensitivity to the drug
inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet For patients with a history of and duodenal ulcers. GI
Clopidogrel substance or any
aggregation acting by direct inhibition of recent myocardial infarction upset, diarrhoea,
(Plavix) component of the product.
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binding to (MI), recent stroke, or paraesthesia, vertigo,
Active pathological bleeding
its receptor and of the subsequent ADP- established peripheral arterial headache, dizziness, pruritus
75mg OD such as peptic ulcer or
mediated activation of the glycoprotein disease, patients with acute and rashes.
intracranial hemorrhage.
GPIIb/IIIa complex. coronary syndrome Potentially Fatal: Bleeding
disorders including GI and
intracranial haemorrhage.
Blood dyscrasias.
Clopidogrel 90 mg/ tab OD Calcium antagonist Management of Angina Sick sinus syndrome, 2nd or Peripheral edema,
Inhibits movement of calcium ions across pectoris & hypertension 3rd degree AV block, hypotension bradycardia,
cell membrane in systemic and coronary hypotension, pregnancy angina, AV block, abnormal
vascular smooth muscle; slows calcium acute MI ECG, arrhythmias; CNS:
ion movement across cell membranes in dizziness, lightheadedness,
both cardiac muscle and cardiac headache, weakness,
pacemaker cells, decreasing sinoatrial shakiness, somnolence,
and atrioventricular conduction asthenia; DERM: dermatitis,
photosensitivity, petechiae,
rash; GI: nausea, vomiting,
Generic/
Brand Name
constipation, abdominal
discomfort, cramps,
dyspepsia, dry mouth.
Clopidogrel 75 mg OD Inhibits platelet aggregation by For the reduction of GI bleeding, mucocutaneous
irreversibly blocking the ADP receptor on atherosclerotic events bleeding, intracranial and
platelets. evidenced by recent stroke, ocular hemorrhage,
Severe liver impairment,
MI, or established PAD. For abdominal pain, dyspepsia,
peptic ulcer and intracranial
the treatment of nonST- rash, pruritus.
hemorrhage, lactation,
segment elevation acute
patients with hereditary
coronary syndrome, patients
galactose intolerance.
undergoing stent placement
following PTCI in combination
with ASA for thrombolysis.
Cloxacillin Na 500mg tab q4 Treatment of infections due to
(oxacillin) staphylococci resistant to
It acts as a competitive inhibitor of the benzylpenicillin including
enzyme transpeptidase. Transpeptidase infection of skin & soft tissue,
Hypersensitivity to penicillins Gi disturbances
is needed by bacteria to make their cell bones & joints, resp & urinary
walls tacts, otitis media,
endocarditis, septicemia, &
meningitis
Cloxacillin Na 500mg tab q4 Treatment of infections due to
(oxacillin) staphylococci resistant to
It acts as a competitive inhibitor of the benzylpenicillin including
enzyme transpeptidase. Transpeptidase infection of skin & soft tissue,
Hypersensitivity to penicillins Gi disturbances
is needed by bacteria to make their cell bones & joints, resp & urinary
walls tacts, otitis media,
endocarditis, septicemia, &
meningitis
Clavunate blocks the beta lactamae
enzymes, thus, rendering the organisms
sensitive to the amoxicillin’s rapid
bactericidal effect at concentrations Side effects are uncommon
Co-amoxiclav 625mg / cap
readily attainable in the body. and mainly of a mild and
(Augmentin) BID or TID
Clavunalate by itself has little bactericidal transitory nature
activity; however, in association with
amoxicillin, it produces an antibiotic
agent of broad spectrum
Co-amoxiclav 625mg / cap Clavunate blocks the beta lactamae Infections of the upper and Hypersensitivity to penicillins Side effects are uncommon
(Augmentin) BID or TID enzymes, thus, rendering the organisms lower respiratory tract, GUT, and cephalosphorins or and mainly of a mild and
sensitive to the amoxicillin’s rapid skin & soft tissue, bone & other allergen, possible transitory nature
bactericidal effect at concentrations joint, septic abortion, cross sensitivity with other -
readily attainable in the body. puerperal sepsis, intra- lactams. History of penicillin-
Clavunalate by itself has little bactericidal abdominal sepsis, dental associated cholestatic
activity; however, in association with infection jaundice-hepatic
amoxicillin, it produces an antibiotic dysfunction.
agent of broad spectrum
Co-amoxiclav 625mg / cap Clavunate blocks the beta lactamae Side effects are uncommon
(Augmentin) BID or TID enzymes, thus, rendering the organisms and mainly of a mild and
Generic/
Brand Name
sensitive to the amoxicillin’s rapid transitory nature
bactericidal effect at concentrations
readily attainable in the body.
Clavunalate by itself has little bactericidal
activity; however, in association with
amoxicillin, it produces an antibiotic agent
of broad spectrum
Colchicine 500mcg/tab Facilitates reduction of inflammation due Used for the relief of acute Should not be given SC or Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
to urate crystals, through decreased gout and for the propylaxis of IM injections and abdominal pain. Bone
lactic acid production of leukocytes acute attacks, particularly marrow depression with
resulting from the drug’s inhibition of during the first few months of agranulocytosis,
leukocyte migration and phagocytosis. It treatment with allopurinol or thrombocytopenia and
may also inhibit the synthesis of knins uricosurics. aplastic anemia have
and leukotrienes. Although not an occurred on prolonged
analgesic, reduction of inflammation treatment as have peripheral
result to pain relief. As an antiosteolytic, neuropathy, myopathy,
it apparently inhibits mitosis or rashes and alopecia.
osteoprogenitor cells and decreases
osteoclasts activity.
Cotrimoxazole 160mg/tabBID SMZ inhibits formation of dihydrofolic UTI,RTI, skin infections, Liver damage,pregnancy GI upsets and Steven
acid from PABA, TMP inhibits septicemia, GUT and GIT Johnson Syndrome
dihydrofolate reductase blocking the infections
synthesis of tetrahydro folic acid
Oral:
0.1,0.2,0.3 mg
Partial alpha-2 antagonist. Decrease Orthostatic hypotension, rash,
tablets
preganglionic sympathetic outflow from Decrease dose with renal drowsiness, dry mouth,
Coversyl Patche:
brain resulting in decrease in blood insufficiency constipation, headache,
release
pressure impaired ejaculation
0.1,0.2,0.3
mg/24 hrs
A direct acting trichomonacide and
amebecide that works at both intestinal
and extraintestinal sites. Thought to Hypersensitive to the drug or vertigo, headache, ataxia,
500mg every 8 Amoebiasis, giardiasis,
enter the cells of microorganisms that other nitroimidazole dizziness,syncope, confusion,
Delzem hours urethritis & vaginitis due to
contain nitroreductase. Unstable derivatives and in patients in irritability,weakness,
IV, Oral trichomonas, aerobic infection
compounds are then formed that bind to 1st trimester of pregnancy depression
DNA and inhibit synthesis, causing cell
death
Dexamethasone 5mg IV Decreases inflammation by suppression Cerebral edema due to Neonate and infant Risk of osteoporosis and
of migration of PMN leukocytes and malignancy spontaneous fracture, muscle
reversal of increased capillary Severe shock wasting, nitrogen depletion,
permeability ; suppresses normal hyperglycemia
immune response
Dextromethorphan TID Controls cough by depressing the Patients at risk of developing Dizziness, GI disturbances.
HBr Guafenesin medullary cough center resp failure. During an acute
(Robitussin DM) attack. Patients receiving
Cough suppressant.
MAOI or for 2 wk after
discontinuing them.
Persistent or chronic cough.
Generic/
Brand Name
Binds on the stereo-specific
Diazepam benzodiazepine receptors on the post
2.4 mg for
synaptic GABA neuron at the several Active seizures, convulsions Pregnancy and lactation CNS depressant
active seizure
sites within the CNS including limbic
system
Diazepam 5-20 mg OD Facilitates the action of GABA-A in the Symptomatic relief of anxiety, Dependence on other Mild to moderate nausea,
central nervous system thereby acts in agitation and tension, as substances like alcohol vomiting, abdominal pain,
preventing spasticity. adjunct in organic except in management of dyspepsia, flatulence,
neuropsychotic states and acute withdrawal diarrhoea, cramping;
reflex muscle spasm due to reactions.Severe chronic angioedema, cholestatic
local trauma. hypercapnia. jaundice; dizziness,
headache, vertigo,
somnolence; transient
elevations of liver enzyme
values.
for the management of
anxiety disorders or for the known hypersensitivity to
drowsiness, fatigue, muscle
short-term relief of the diazepam and, because of
weakness, and ataxia,
a benzodiazepine that exerts anxiolytic, symptoms of anxiety; useful lack of sufficient clinical
confusion, depression,
sedative, muscle-relaxant, anticonvulsant adjunct for the relief of experience, in pediatric
dysarthria, headache, slurred
and amnestic effects. Most of these skeletal muscle spasm due to patients under 6 months of
Diazepam (Valium) speech, tremor, vertigo,
effects are thought to result from a reflex spasm to local age, in patients with
constipation, nausea,
facilitation of the action of gamma pathology (such as myasthenia gravis, severe
gastrointestinal disturbances,
aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory inflammation of the muscles respiratory insufficiency,
5mg IV blurred vision, diplopia,
neurotransmitter in the central nervous or joints, or secondary to severe hepatic insufficiency,
dizziness, hypotension,
system. trauma), spasticity caused by and sleep apnea syndrome,
incontinence, changes in
upper motor neuron disorders in acute narrow-angle
libido, urinary retention
(such as cerebral palsy and glaucoma.
paraplegia), athetosis
Short term treatment of post- Occasionally, GI disorder, HA,
Known hypersensitivity to
Diclofenac K 50~150mg traumatic & post op pain & dizziness, vertigo, rash,
Nonsteroidal Anti0inflammatory Drugs diclofenac or other NSAIDs,
(Cataflam) /day inflammation, dysmenorrheal, elevation of serum
gastric or intestinal ulcer
migraine, adnexitis transaminase
Diclofenac K 50~150mg Nonsteroidal Anti0inflammatory Drugs Short term treatment of post- Known hypersensitivity to Occasionally, GI disorder, HA,
(Cataflam) /day traumatic & post op pain & diclofenac or other NSAIDs, dizziness, vertigo, rash,
inflammation, dysmenorrheal, gastric or intestinal ulcer elevation of serum
Diclofenac K 50~150mg Nonsteroidal Anti0inflammatory Drugs Short term treatment of post- Known hypersensitivity to Occasionally, GI disorder,
(Cataflam) /day traumatic & post op pain & diclofenac or other NSAIDs, HA, dizziness, vertigo, rash,
inflammation, dysmenorrheal, gastric or intestinal ulcer elevation of serum
Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25mg/tab Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside which has Adult: PO Heart failure; Digitalis toxicity, ventricular Extra beats, anorexia, nausea
positive inotropic activity characterized Supraventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, and vomiting. Diarrhoea in
by an increase in the force of myocardial arrhythmias<>D> Rapid obstructive cardiomyopathy. elderly, confusion, dizziness,
contraction. It also reduces the digitalisation: Loading dose: Arrhythmias due to drowsiness, restlessness,
conductivity of the heart through the 0.75-1.5 mg in the 1st 24 hr. accessory pathways (e.g. nervousness, agitation and
atrioventricular (AV) node. Digoxin also Slow digitilisation: 250 mcg 1- Wolff-Parkinson-White amnesia, visual disturbances,
exerts direct action on vascular smooth 2 times/day. Uusal syndrome). gynaecomastia, local irritation
muscle and indirect effects mediated maintenance: 125-250 (IM/SC inj), rapid IV admin
Generic/
Brand Name
primarily by the autonomic nervous mcg/day. IV Emergency heart may lead to vasocostriction
system and an increase in vagal activity. failure For patients who have and transient hypertension.
not received cardiac Potentially Fatal: Cardiac
glycosides in the previous 2 arrhythmias in combination
wk: 0.5-1 mg via infusion as a with heart block.
single dose or in divided
doses. Maintenance: Usually
via oral admin.
Oral Angina pectoris including
Prinzmetal's angina. Mild to Sick sinus syndrome; 2nd or
Diltiazem Hcl potent vasodilator, increasing blood flow Dizziness, headache, edema,
moderate hypertension. 3rd degree AV block;
(Dilzem) and variably decreasing the heart rate skin rash, bradycardia,
90mg 1 tab OD Parenteral Paroxysmal hypotension, acute MI.
via strong depression of A-V node asthenia, flushing, 1st degree
supraventricular tachycardia Pulmonary congestion,
conduction AV block, nausea.
& atrial fibrillation or atrial hypersensitivity.
flutter.
Peripheral edema,
hypotension bradycardia,
angina, AV block, abnormal
Calcium antagonist
ECG, arrhythmias; CNS:
Inhibits movement of calcium ions across
dizziness, lightheadedness,
cell membrane in systemic and coronary Sick sinus syndrome, 2nd or
headache, weakness,
Diltiazem HCl vascular smooth muscle; slows calcium Management of Angina 3rd degree AV block,
90 mg/ tab OD shakiness, somnolence,
Dilzem ion movement across cell membranes in pectoris & hypertension hypotension, pregnancy
asthenia; DERM: dermatitis,
both cardiac muscle and cardiac acute MI
pacemaker cells, decreasing sinoatrial
and atrioventricular conduction
discomfort, cramps,
Diltiazem HCl 90 mg/ tab OD Calcium antagonist Management of Angina Sick sinus syndrome, 2nd or Peripheral edema,
Dilzem Inhibits movement of calcium ions across pectoris & hypertension 3rd degree AV block, hypotension bradycardia,
discomfort, cramps,
Diltiazem HCl 90 mg/ tab OD Calcium antagonist Management of Angina Sick sinus syndrome, 2nd or Peripheral edema,
Dilzem Inhibits movement of calcium ions across pectoris & hypertension 3rd degree AV block, hypotension bradycardia,
Generic/
Brand Name
discomfort, cramps,
Allergic reaction; motion
H1 receptor antagonist / Antihistamine sickness
Competes with histamine for H1-receptor Symptomatic relief of
Diphenhydramine 50mg/mL for GIT ulceration or GI disturbances, bleeding,
sites on effector cells in the condition like urticaria,
(Benadryl) injection inflammation drowsiness, dizziness
gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and angioedema, rhinitis,
respiratory tract conjunctivitis, inpruritic skin
disorder
Diphenhydramine 50mg/mL for H1 receptor antagonist / Antihistamine Allergic reaction; motion GIT ulceration or GI disturbances, bleeding,
(Benadryl) injection Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sickness inflammation drowsiness, dizziness
sites on effector cells in the Symptomatic relief of
gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and condition like urticaria,
respiratory tract angioedema, rhinitis,
conjunctivitis, inpruritic skin
disorder
Diphenhydramine 50mg/mL for H1 receptor antagonist / Antihistamine Allergic reaction; motion GIT ulceration or GI disturbances, bleeding,
(Benadryl) injection Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sickness inflammation drowsiness, dizziness
sites on effector cells in the Symptomatic relief of
gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and condition like urticaria,
respiratory tract angioedema, rhinitis,
conjunctivitis, inpruritic skin
disorder
Diphenhydramine 1mg/kg/dose Competes with histamine for H1 receptor Allergic reactions; motion Acute asthma attacks, Urticaria, rashes,
sites on effector cells in the GIT, blood sickness premature infants or anaphylactic shock,
vessels & respiratory tract neonates & nursing mothers photosensitivity, excessive
perspiration
Indicated inpatients requiring Hyperkalemia, pre-comatose
diuresis and concomitant K+ states associated with
Diumide supplementation. Indications hepatic cirrhosis. It should In rare instance of allergic
K/tab(Furosemide including cardiac edema, be used with care in patients reaction, treatment should be
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
40 mg, Potassium hepatic edema, renal edema, with prostatc hyperplasia or discontinued. Hyperuricemia.
chloride 600 mg) pulmonary edema, hepatic impairment of micturition Bome marrow depression.
edema and peripheral edema since it can precipitate acute
of various etiology urinary retention.
Dobutamine 2.5-40 Directly stimulates beta 1 receptors to
mcg/kg/min IV increase myocardial contractility and Inotropic support of the
infusion stroke volume. Decrease vascular myocardium for acute
Obstructive cardiomyopathy
resistance, reduces ventricular filing congestive heart failure or
pressure and facilitate AV node cardiogenic shock
conduction
Domperidone 10mg, 1mg/ml Peripheral dopamine receptor blocking Dyspeptic symptom complex GI hemorrhage, mechanical Rarely, increased prolactin
(Motilium) 1tab TID properties. It increase esophageal associated with delayed obstruction or perforation; in levels. GI disorders.
peristalsis and increase lower gastric emptying, GERD, patients w/ prolactin- Very rarely, transient
esophageal sphincter pressure, increase esophagitis eg epigastric releasing pituitary tumor intestinal cramps.
gastric motility and peristalsis and sense of fullness, early (prolactinoma). Known Galactorrhea. Gynecomastia.
Generic/
Brand Name
satiety, feeling of abdominal
distention, upper abdominal
pain; bloating, erucation,
flatulence; heartburn w/ or
enhances gastroduodenal coordination,
w/o regurgitations of gastric
therefore, facilitating gastric emptying intolerance to the drug. Amenorrhea.
contents in the mouth.
and decrease small bowel transit time
Nausea & vomiting of
functional, organic, infectious
or dietetic origin or induced
by radio or drug therapy
enhances gastroduodenal coordination, satiety, feeling of abdominal intolerance to the drug. Amenorrhea.
therefore, facilitating gastric emptying distention, upper abdominal
and decrease small bowel transit time pain; bloating, erucation,
enhances gastroduodenal coordination, satiety, feeling of abdominal intolerance to the drug. Amenorrhea.
therefore, facilitating gastric emptying distention, upper abdominal
and decrease small bowel transit time pain; bloating, erucation,
Dopamine HCl 40 drops per A myocardial inotropic agent which may Correction of hemodynamic Patients w/ Ventricular arrhythmia,
min increase mesenteric and renal blood flow imbalances present in the pheochromocytoma, ectopic beats, tachycardia,
plus urinary output shock sndrome due to MI, presence of uncorrected anginal pain, palpitation,
trauma, endotoxic septicemia, tachyarrthmias or ventricular cardiac conduction
open heart surgery, renal fibrillation. Those w known abnormalities, widened ORS
failure & chronic cardiac allergy to corn & corn complex, bradycardia,
decompensation as in CHF, products & sulfite sensitivie hypotension, HTN &
hypotension patients. IV soln may cause vascoconstrition; dyspnea,
fluid overloading leading to nausea, vomiting, azotemia,
Generic/
Brand Name
dilution of secrum electrolyte headache, anxiety,
conc, overhydration, piloerection; gangrene of the
congested states of extremities.
pulmonary edema. Excess
administration of K-free soln
Doxofylline 400mg/tab bronchodilator Treatment of bronchial Patients with acute MI and Nausea, vomiting, epigastric
(Ansimar) asthma and pulmonary hypotension. pain, irritability, insomnia,
disease with spastic bronchial tachycardia.
component.
Doxorubicin prevents DNA replication.

The exact mechanism is still being Close observation is
Doxorubicin studied, but it may be a "topoisomerase required esp during initial Cardiotoxicity. GI &
IV 60-75
(Adriblastina, inhibitor". Topoisomerases are enzymes treatment. Monitor cardiac dermatologic disturbances.
mg/m2 as
Adrim, Axibin, that temporarily cut one strand of DNA function. Myelosuppression Myelosuppression &
single dose at
Caelyx, Dactorubin, during replication to help unwind the & immunosuppression. leucopenia. Dehydration &
21 day interval
Rubidox) double helix.. Doxorubicin prevents the Hepatic impairment, obesity facial flushing
topoisomerase from reattaching the cut & extravasation
ends
Doxorubicin IV 60-75 Doxorubicin prevents DNA replication. Close observation is Cardiotoxicity. GI &
(Adriblastina, mg/m2 as The exact mechanism is still being required esp during initial dermatologic disturbances.
Adrim, Axibin, single dose at studied, but it may be a "topoisomerase treatment. Monitor cardiac Myelosuppression &
Caelyx, Dactorubin, 21 day interval inhibitor". Topoisomerases are enzymes function. Myelosuppression leucopenia. Dehydration &
Rubidox) that temporarily cut one strand of DNA & immunosuppression. facial flushing
during replication to help unwind the Hepatic impairment, obesity
double helix.. Doxorubicin prevents the & extravasation
topoisomerase from reattaching the cut
ends
Doxorubicin IV 60-75 Doxorubicin prevents DNA replication. Close observation is required Cardiotoxicity. GI &
(Adriblastina, mg/m2 as The exact mechanism is still being esp during initial treatment. dermatologic disturbances.
Adrim, Axibin, single dose at studied, but it may be a "topoisomerase Monitor cardiac function. Myelosuppression &
Caelyx, Dactorubin, 21 day interval inhibitor". Topoisomerases are enzymes Myelosuppression & leucopenia. Dehydration &
Rubidox) that temporarily cut one strand of DNA immunosuppression. Hepatic facial flushing
during replication to help unwind the impairment, obesity &
double helix.. Doxorubicin prevents the extravasation
topoisomerase from reattaching the cut
ends
Doxycycline 100mg/tab inhibition of protein synthesis, making  Allergy to penicillin Pregnancy, breastfeeding  Dermatologic:
them bacteriostatic agents. Doxycycline Allergy to penicillin - and in children less than 8 Photosensitivity
inhibits both the 70S and the 80S unit of Secondary syphilis, Anthrax years of age  Gastrointestinal:
bacterial and mammalian ribosomes,  Anthrax; Drug-induced gastrointestinal
respectively, with more sensitivity for the Prophylaxis disturbance
former. They reversibly bind to the
smaller 30S subunit of the 70S unit at the
 Bacterial infectious  Renal: Serum blood
disease, urea nitrogen raised
A-site, preventing the attachment of the
amino acyl tRNA. This irreversible  Chlamydial infection
binding leads to the termination of the  Cholera, Epididymo-
translation process orchitis, acute Gonorrhea,
Uncomplicated Granuloma
Generic/
Brand Name
inguinale
 Prophylaxis
Nongonococcal urethritis ,
Pelvic inflammatory disease
 Postexposure;
Treatment and Prophylaxis
Duxaril Tab BID Antihypoxic drug with actions of Minor age-related nurological Avoid concurrent Have been occasionally
almitrine-raubasine: Increase in the disorders. Some visual adminstration of almitrine- reported during long-term
arterial partial pressure of oxygen disorders related to the raubasine w/ MAOIs treatment: wt loss, peripheral
(PaO2); Increase in the arterial saturation circulation (hearing loss, neuropathy should lead to
of oxygen (SaO2); Decrease in the dizziness, buzzing sounds in treatment withdrawl. Mild GI
arterial desaturation during effort, a the ear). disorders, sleep disturbances,
dynamic control considered as one of the drowsiness, agitation, anxiety,
best techniques currently available to palpitation, dizziness
assess the efficacy of an antihypoxic
molecule; Increase of the blood level of
2,3-diphosphoglycerate, a factor of
oxygen availability in the arterial blood;
Increase in the metabolism of the
cerebral tissue as demonstrated, during
the glucose test, by the analysis of the
cortical active
Dydrogesterone 10mg/tab Dydrogesterone is characterised by Irregular duration of cycles Duphaston should not be Breakthrough bleeding
(DUPHASTON) progestational and anti-oestrogenic and irregular occurrence and given to patients with (prevented by increasing the
activity. This is demonstrated by its duration of periods caused by undiagnosed vaginal dosage). Altered liver function
ability to induce a secretory progesterone deficiency. bleeding nor to those with a w/ asthenia or malaise,
transformation in the endometrium of Combined with an estrogenic history of thromboembolic jaundice & abdominal pain.
immature or ovariectomised animals substance, Duphaston can be disorder Allergic rash, pruritus,
after they have been primed with applied in secondary urticaria
oestrogens (cf. the Clauberg test). The amenorrhoea, dysfunctional
oral progestogenic potency of uterine bleeding and post-
dydrogesterone is 20 times higher than menopausal complaints
that of progesterone. The progestational where endogenous
efficacy and potency of dydrogesterone progesterone deficiency is
was confirmed by standard test (i.e. implicated
delay of menses and induction of
withdrawal bleeding). The benefits of
oestrogen or other target organs are not
compromised by dydrogesterone
Enalapril 40mg/tab ACE inhibitor. Selectively suppresses Treatment of hypertension Hypersensitivity. History of Dizziness, headache, fatigue,
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and congestive heart failure angioneurotic edema. asthesia, hypotension,
Pregnancy syncope, nausea, diarrhea,
muscle cramps, rash, cough.
Enoxaparin Na 0.4cc SQ BID binds to and accelerates the activity of Prophylaxis of VTE disease, Conditions w/ a high risk of Hemorrhage.
(Clexane) antithrombin III. By activating in particular those which may uncontrolled hemorrhage Thrombocytopenia. Local
antithrombin III, enoxaparin preferentially be associated w/ orthopedic including major bleeding reactions (exceptionally small
Generic/
Brand Name
or general surgery.
Prophylaxis of VTE in medical
patients bedridden due to
acute illnesses including
cardiac insufficiency, resp
local hematoma). Exceptional
potentiates the inhibition of coagulation failure, severe infections,
cases of skin necrosis
factors Xa and IIa. Factor Xa catalyzes rheumatic diseases.
disorders. Hypersensitivity to (discontinue treatment).
the conversion of prothrombin to Treatment of deep vein
enoxaparin Na, heparin or Rarely, cutaneous or systemic
thrombin, so enoxaparin’s inhibition of thrombosis w/ or w/o
its derivatives including allergic reactions. Increase in
this process results in decreased pulmonary embolism;
other low MW heparins. liver enzymes, platelet counts.
thrombin and ultimately the prevention of prevention of thrombus
Hypersensitivity cutaneous
fibrin clot formation. formation in extracorporeal
vasculitis.
circulation during
hemodialysis; treatment of
unstable angina & non-Q
wave MI, administered
concurrently w/ aspirin.
Derma: local eythema, Hema:
hemorrhage,
Causes higher anti-factor Xa to administer to patients with
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
Enoxaparin sodium antithrombin activities (anti-factor IIa) hemophilia and is not
Other: local irritation and pain;
(Clexane) ration than heparin, which may prevent recommended to infants <1
hematoma; nausea,
thrombosis year. Caution is necessary
confusion, fever, edema,
peripheral edema
are dehydrated
Enoxaparin sodium Causes higher anti-factor Xa to Use with caution in patients Derma: local eythema,
antithrombin activities (anti-factor IIa) prone to dyspepsia or known Hema: hemorrhage,
ration than heparin, which may prevent to have a lesion of the gastric thrombocytopenia, anemia,
thrombosis mucosa. Do not administer to Other: local irritation and
patients with hemophilia and pain; hematoma; nausea,
is not recommended to confusion, fever, edema,
infants <1 year. Caution is peripheral edema
necessary when renal or
hepatic function is impaired
and particularly in children
who are dehydrated
Enoxaparin sodium Causes higher anti-factor Xa to Prophylaxis of venous Use with caution in patients Derma: local eythema, Hema:
(Clexane) antithrombin activities (anti-factor IIa) thromboembolitic disease. prone to dyspepsia or known hemorrhage,
ration than heparin, which may prevent Treatment of deep vein to have a lesion of the thrombocytopenia, anemia,
thrombosis thrombosis, unstable angina gastric mucosa. Do not Other: local irritation and pain;
and non-Q wave myocardial administer to patients with hematoma; nausea,
infarction. hemophilia and is not confusion, fever, edema,
recommended to infants <1 peripheral edema
Generic/
Brand Name
are dehydrated
Ensure 250kCal Patients requiring
supplementation,
convalescence, early or
uncomplicated carcinoma,
coma, pre-op prep, post-op
care, bowel prep, moderate
protein-caloric malnutrition,
nutritional support of
chronically ill or elderly
patients
Epinephrine Hcl 1amp q3 An adrenergic agent that has an Cardiac stimulant in case of Cardiac arrhythmia,
excitatory action on smooth muscles of collapse, shock & anesth tachycardia >140 bpm,
the blood vessels in the skin and mucous accidents. Hemostatic in severe HTN, narrow angle
membranes, inhibitory actions of smooth hemorrhages. Prolongs glaucoma, anesth w/
muscles of the wall of gastrointestinal action of infiltration anesth halogenated hydrocarbon f
tract, bronchial tree and the blood agent. Urticaria. cyclopropane, w/ local
vessels supplying the skeletal muscles, anesth of finger or toe,
cardiac excitatory action on the rate and woman in labor, cardiac
force of contraction, metabolic actions on dilation & coronary
glycogenolysis in the liver and muscle, insufficiency
modulating action on the secretion of
insulin, rennin, pituitary hormones and
excitatory CBS actions particularly on
respiration, wakefulness and feeling of
satiety
Epoietin 50-100units/kg Mimics effects of erythropoietin which Treatment of anemia Hypersensitivity Hypertension, seizures,
functions as a growth factor and as a associated with renal arthralgia, asthenia, chest
differentiating factor, enhancing RBC insufficiency or CRF pain, diarrhea, edema,
production headache, nausea, vomiting,
tachycardia
Treatment of acute diarrhea
2billion/5ml
with duration of ≤14 days due
Adult : 2~3
Erceflora to infections, drugs or poisons
vials/day, Antidiarrheal N/A N/A
Bacillus clausal or for chronic or persistent
children :
diarrhea with duration of ≥14
1~2vials/day
days
Erceflora Susp: Antidiarrheal Treatment of acute diarrhea N/A N/A
Bacillus clausal 2billion/5ml with duration of ≤14 days due
Adult : 2~3 to infections, drugs or poisons
vials/day, or for chronic or persistent
children : diarrhea with duration of ≥14
1~2vials/day days
Erceflora 2billion/5ml Antidiarrheal Treatment of acute diarrhea N/A N/A
Bacillus clausal Adult : 2~3 with duration of ≤14 days due
vials/day, to infections, drugs or poisons
children : or for chronic or persistent
Generic/
Brand Name
1~2vials/day diarrhea with duration of ≥14
days
Erceflora 2billion/5ml Antidiarrheal Treatment of acute diarrhea N/A N/A
Bacillus clausal Adult : 2~3 with duration of ≤14 days due
vials/day, to infections, drugs or
children : poisons or for chronic or
1~2vials/day persistent diarrhea with
duration of ≥14 days
Ercefuryl Cap: 200mg Antidiarrheal Acute diarrhea; food N/A N/A
Nifuroxazide 1cap QID poisoning; salmonella
Susp: infections, bacillary
220mg/5ml dysentery; tourist diarrhea &
5mlTID, 10ml its prophylaxis; inflammatory
divide by 3/d colitis
Pharmacokinetics: Peak plasma
Acute bronchitis, chronic Hepatic cirrhosis &
levels are reached after 30-60 bronchitis & its exacerbations. No gastrointestinal nor
Erdosteine 200mg/cap cystathionine-synthetase
(Ectrin) BID min. Ectrin has subsequent Resp disorders characterised enzyme deficiency.
systemic side effects due to
by abnormal bronchial Ectrin have been observed.
complete metabolism in similar Phenylketonuria (susp only).
secretions & impaired mucus
metabolites. transport.
Pharmacokinetics: Peak plasma
Acute bronchitis, chronic Hepatic cirrhosis &
levels are reached after 30-60 bronchitis & its exacerbations. No gastrointestinal nor
Erdosteine 300mg 1 tab cystathionine-synthetase
(Ectrin) BID min. Ectrin has subsequent Resp disorders characterised enzyme deficiency.
systemic side effects due to
complete metabolism in similar by abnormal bronchial Ectrin have been observed.
Phenylketonuria (susp only).
secretions & impaired mucus
metabolites. transport.
Esomeprazole 20-40mg 1x a Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase pump in parietal Proton Pump Inhibitor Safety and efficacy not Chest pain (I.V. < or =6%),
day cells, inhibiting acid secretion. Also established beyond 16 Pain, migraine, anxiety,
reduces in-vitro counts of H. pylori by weeks. Prolonged treatment dizziness, headache (I.V.
more than 4x at pH of 4 may lead to Vit B12 >1%) Rash (I.V. 6%), pruritus
malabsorption (I.V. 4%) Hyperglycemia
(1%), hyperlipidemia,
Diarrhea (4%), constipation,
dyspepsia, gastroenteritis,
nausea, rectal disorder,
vomiting, abdominal pain (I.V.
12%), Urinary frequency,
urinary tract infection, Liver
function test abnormality,
increased SGPT Injection site
pain (>1%) Weakness, back
pain, neck pain, arthralgia,
hypertonia, Bronchitis,
increased cough, dyspnea,
pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis,
upper respiratory tract
Generic/
Brand Name
infection, Flu syndrome,
infection
for the treatment of
A proton pump inhibitor which reduces
gastroesophageal reflux
40mg IV ( ) gastric acid secretion through inhibition headache, diarrhea, nausea,
disease (GERD) and in
Esomeprazole ANST of H+/K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells. Pregnancy and nursing gas, decreased appetite,
combination with amoxicillin
By inhibiting the functioning of this mothers constipation, dry mouth, and
and clarithromycin (Biaxin) for
enzyme, the drug prevents formation of abdominal pain
the treatment of patients with
gastric acid
ulcers and H. pylori infection
A proton pump inhibitor which reduces for the treatment of GERD
40mg tab
gastric acid secretion through inhibition and in combination with headache, diarrhea, nausea,
before
Esomeprazole of H+/K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells. amoxicillin and clarithromycin Pregnancy and nursing gas, decreased appetite,
breakfast
(Nexium) By inhibiting the functioning of this (Biaxin) for the treatment of mothers constipation, dry mouth, and
enzyme, the drug prevents formation of patients with ulcers and H. abdominal pain
gastric acid pylori infection
Esomeprazole 40 mg/tab OD Proton pump inhibitor which suppresses For erosive reflux Children <12yrs lactation Headache, abdominal
(Nexium) gastric acid secretion by inhibition of the esophagitis,symptomatic Tx pain,diarrhea,flatulence,nause
H+/K+ ATPase in the gastric parietal cell of GERD, upper GI a, and vomiting
symptoms,assoc. with NSAID
therapy
Esomeprazole 40 mg/tab OD Proton pump inhibitor which suppresses For erosive reflux Children <12yrs lactation Headache, abdominal
(Nexium) gastric acid secretion by inhibition of the esophagitis,symptomatic Tx pain,diarrhea,flatulence,nause
H+/K+ ATPase in the gastric parietal cell of GERD, upper GI a, and vomiting
symptoms,assoc. with NSAID
therapy
Esomeprazole 40 mg/tab suppresses gastric acid secretion by Erosive esophagitis, peptic Hypersensitivity Headache, diarrhoea,
(Nexium) specific inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase in ulcer, ZES, GERD abdominal pain, nausea,
the gastric parietal cell. flatulence, dry mouth,
constipation, hyponatraemia,
photosensitivity, angioedema,
anaphylaxis.
Eterocoxib 120mg/tab OD Inhibits prostaglanded synthesis by For relief of acute or chronic Advanced renal disease; Asthenia/fatigue, dizziness,
(Arcoxia) decreasing the activity of the enzyme pain. preexisting edema, lower extremity edema,
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which hypertension or heart failure; hypertension, dyspepsia,
results in decreased formation of liver dysfunction; previous heartburn, nausea, increased
prostaglandin precursors. acute asthmatic attacks, ALT & AST
urticaria or rhinitis
precipitated by salicylates or
nonselective COX inhibitors
Advanced renal disease;
preexisting edema,
Asthenia/fatigue, dizziness,
hypertension or heart failure;
lower extremity edema,
Etoricoxib liver dysfunction; previous
90 mg/tab OD For relief of acute or chronic pain hypertension, dyspepsia,
(Arcoxia) acute asthmatic attacks,
heartburn, nausea, increased
ALT & AST
Etoricoxib 90 mg/tab OD For relief of acute or chronic pain Advanced renal disease; Asthenia/fatigue, dizziness,
Generic/
Brand Name
(Arcoxia) preexisting edema, lower extremity edema,
hypertension or heart failure; hypertension, dyspepsia,
liver dysfunction; previous heartburn, nausea, increased
acute asthmatic attacks, ALT & AST
Felodipine 5 mg/tab Dihydropiridine derivative, calcium Treatment of hypertension Pregnancy, unstable angina,
OD antagonist; interfere with voltage- and angina pectoris significant aortic
dependent L-type calcium channels in
membranes of smooth muscle cells
Ferrous Sulfate 1 tablet/day Replaces iron, found in hemoglobin, Iron deficiency anemia Ferrous sulfate (or other oral GI irritation & abdominal pain
myoglobin, and other enzymes; allows iron products) are w/ nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
the transportation of oxygen via considered contraindicated or constipation.
hemoglobin in patients with
hemosiderosis,
hemochromotosis, hemolytic
anemias, or known
hypersensitivity to any
component of the product.
Ferrous sulfate 1 tab Replaces iron, found in hemoglobin, Prevention & treatment of Thalassemia, Sideroblastic GI disturbances, allergic
myoglobin, and other enzymes; allows iron deficiency anemia anemia, hemochromatosis reactions, hyperbilirubinemia
the transportation of oxygen via
hemoglobin
FeSO4 (Iberet- 525mg/tab OD Needed for adequate nerve functioning, Pernicious anemia Gastric irritation
Folic-500) protein and carbohydrate metabolism, Fe and Vit B-complex
normal growth, RBC development and deficiency. Pre-natal, intra-
cell reproduction. natal and post-natal
supplement
Relief of mild to moderately
Abdominal discomfort,
sever pain & fever w/ or w/o Aspirin or other NSAIDs
epigastric distress, GI
550mg / tab Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs inflammation eg induced asthma, rhinitis or
Flanax forte reaction, peptic ulceration,
BID ( NSAIDs) musculoskeletal trauma, post- urticaria. Children under 2
HA, nausea, peripheral
op pain & post dental y/o
edema
extraction
Flenax forte 550mg / tab Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Relief of mild to moderately Aspirin or other NSAIDs Abdominal discomfort,
BID ( NSAIDs) sever pain & fever w/ or w/o induced asthma, rhinitis or epigastric distress, GI
inflammation eg urticaria. Children under 2 reaction, peptic ulceration,
musculoskeletal trauma, post- y/o HA, nausea, peripheral
op pain & post dental edema
extraction
Flenax forte 550mg / tab Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Relief of mild to moderately Aspirin or other NSAIDs Abdominal discomfort,
BID ( NSAIDs) sever pain & fever w/ or w/o induced asthma, rhinitis or epigastric distress, GI
inflammation eg urticaria. Children under 2 y/o reaction, peptic ulceration,
musculoskeletal trauma, HA, nausea, peripheral
post-op pain & post dental edema
extraction
Fluticasone 25/125 or Corticosteroids, Inhalants; For treatment of reversible Hypersensitivity Headache, Tachycardia,
Generic/
Brand Name
Propionate/ 25/250 BID - Contains Slameterol which is a selective obstructive airway disease nasal and throat irritation
Salmeterol long acting B2-adrenoceptor agonist with including asthma, and for
Xinafoate a long side chain which binds to the treatment of COPD
(Seretide) exosite of the receptor that protects
against histamine-induced
bronchoconstriction and produces longer
period of bronchodilation.
- Contains Fluticasone Propionate which
has a potent glucocorticoid anti-
inflammatory action within the lungs
resulting in reduced asthma symptoms
and exacerbations
Folart Adult & childn Megaloblastic anemia secondary to vit Folic acid Folic acid is generally Prevention and treatment of
(Folic Acid) >1 yr 5 mg B12 deficiency. Folic acid administration (pteroylmonoglutamic acid) in tolerated. Rare cases of folate deficiency state; also
daily for 4 mth. may produce hematologic remission its reduced form of gastrointestinal disturbances used in women of child-
Maintenance: while neurologic damage progresses. tetrahydrofolate, serves as an have been reported. bearing potential and
5 mg every 1-7 important mediator of many pregnant women to protect
days reactions involving 1-carbon against neural tube defects in
depending on transfers. Important reactions their offspring. In chronic
underlying involve the conversion of hemolytic anemia, exfoliative
disease. homocysteine to methionine skin disease, gingivitis,
Childn up to 1 and of deoxyuridylate to angular cheilitis, alcoholism,
yr 500 mcg/kg thymidylate, an important anorectic cancer, cervical
daily. step in DNA synthesis. It is dysplasia, elderly patients,
also implicated in the gout, cardiovascular
conversion of some amino diseases, GI inflammation
acids, and in the synthesis and malabsorption
and utilization of formate. The
deficiency of folic acid can
lead to megaloblastic anemia,
which develops when dietary
intake of folic acid is
inadequate eg, in pregnancy,
excessive menstrual flow,
and as a result of the
concurrent administration of
folate antagonist and other
drugs which interfere with
normal folate metabolism.
Fondaparinux Na 2.5-7.5mg Sythetic activated Factor X inhibitor, that Prevention of venous Clinically significant Anemia, bleeding, purpura,
(Arixtra) binds to antithrombin III thromboembolic events bleeding, acute bacterial edema
undergoing major orthopedic endocarditis
surgery of lower limbs.
Unstable angina, NSTEMI,
ACS, MI, refractory ischemia
Furosemide Initially 20-40 Frusemide primarily inhibits sodium and Hypotension, latent or Symptomatic hypotension,
(Fremid, Fretic, mg IV/IM. If chloride absorption in the thick manifest diabetes mellitus, dehydration,
Frusema, diuretic effect ascending limb of the loop of Henle gout, obstruction of urinary hemoconcentration;
Generic/
Brand Name
is not
satisfactory, hypokalemia, hyponatremia,
dose may be metabolic acidosis; increase
increased of blood lipid levels, urea, uric
stepwise, at 2- passages; hepatic cirrhosis acid; reduced glucose
hrly interval by w/ concomitant renal tolerance; hearing disorders,
Furoscan, Fusimex, 20 mg each insufficiency; tinnitus; pancreatitis, GI
Lasix) time until hypoproteinaemia; symptoms; fever, vasculitis,
satisfactory premature infant. interstitial nephritis; hemolytic
diuresis is Pregnancy, lactation or aplastic anemia,
obtained, the leukocytopenia,
dose should agranulocytosis,
then be given thrombocytopenia
once-bid
Furosemide Initially 20-40 Frusemide primarily inhibits sodium and Edema due to cardiac, Hypotension, latent or Symptomatic hypotension,
(Fremid, Fretic, mg IV/IM. If chloride absorption in the thick hepatic or renal disorders. manifest diabetes mellitus, dehydration,
Frusema, diuretic effect ascending limb of the loop of Henle Mild to moderate gout, obstruction of urinary hemoconcentration;
Furoscan, Fusimex, is not hypertension passages; hepatic cirrhosis hypokalemia, hyponatremia,
Lasix) satisfactory, w/ concomitant renal metabolic acidosis; increase
dose may be insufficiency; of blood lipid levels, urea, uric
increased hypoproteinaemia; acid; reduced glucose
stepwise, at 2- premature infant. tolerance; hearing disorders,
hrly interval by Pregnancy, lactation tinnitus; pancreatitis, GI
20 mg each symptoms; fever, vasculitis,
time until interstitial nephritis; hemolytic
satisfactory or aplastic anemia,
diuresis is leukocytopenia,
obtained, the agranulocytosis,
dose should thrombocytopenia
then be given
once-bid
Furosemide Initially 20-40 Frusemide primarily inhibits sodium and Hypotension, latent or Symptomatic hypotension,
(Fremid, Fretic, mg IV/IM. If chloride absorption in the thick ascending manifest diabetes mellitus, dehydration,
Frusema, diuretic effect limb of the loop of Henle gout, obstruction of urinary hemoconcentration;
Furoscan, is not passages; hepatic cirrhosis hypokalemia, hyponatremia,
Fusimex, Lasix) satisfactory, w/ concomitant renal metabolic acidosis; increase
dose may be insufficiency; of blood lipid levels, urea, uric
increased hypoproteinaemia; premature acid; reduced glucose
stepwise, at 2- infant. Pregnancy, lactation tolerance; hearing disorders,
hrly interval by tinnitus; pancreatitis, GI
20 mg each symptoms; fever, vasculitis,
time until interstitial nephritis; hemolytic
satisfactory or aplastic anemia,
diuresis is leukocytopenia,
obtained, the agranulocytosis,
dose should thrombocytopenia
then be given
once-bid
Gabapentin 300 mg/tab OD Gabapentin is structurally related to the Treatment of partial seizures Absence seizure. Somnolence, dizziness,
Generic/
Brand Name
neurotransmitter GABA but is neither a with or without secondary ataxia, fatigue, nystagmus,
GABA agonist nor antagonist. generalization , neuropathic tremor, diplopia, amblyopia,
Gabapentin-binding sites have been pain. Adjunctive therapy in pharyngitis, dysarthria,
identified throughout the brain tissues patients unresponsive to or paresthesia, arthralgia,
e.g. neocortex and hippocampus. intolerant of standard purpura, anxiety, UTI.
However, the exact mechanism of action anticonvulsant.
is still unknown.
Gatifloxacin 1 drop every antibiotic of the fourth-generation Treatment of bacterial Diabetes Conjunctival irritation,
(Zymar) two hours on fluoroquinolone family, that like other conjunctivitis caused by increased lacrimation,
the left eye members of that family, inhibits the susceptible strains of both keratitis & papillary
bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and gm+ve & gm-ve conjunctivitis.
topoisomerase IV microorganisms.
Gatifloxacin 1 drop every antibiotic of the fourth-generation Treatment of bacterial Diabetes Conjunctival irritation,
(Zymar) two hours on fluoroquinolone family, that like other conjunctivitis caused by increased lacrimation,
the left eye members of that family, inhibits the susceptible strains of both keratitis & papillary
bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and gm+ve & gm-ve conjunctivitis.
topoisomerase IV microorganisms.
Gaviscon Antacids
Treatment of symptoms of
GERD eg acid regurgitation,
heartburn and indigestion due
to reflux of stomach content.
Nephritic (renal) effects,
Bone & joint infection. CNS.
dizziness, tinnitus, vertigo,
Burnn & wound infection. UTI.
1~1.7mg/kg Hypersensitivity to numbness, skin tingling,
Gentamycin Aminoglycoside Acute & chronic suppurative
every 8 hours amynoglycosides muscle twitching, respiratory
otitis media, pneumonia,
depression, lethargy,
septicemia * sinusitis
confusion.
Gentamycin 1~1.7mg/kg Aminoglycoside Bone & joint infection. CNS. Hypersensitivity to Nephritic (renal) effects,
every 8 hours Burn & wound infection. UTI. amynoglycosides dizziness, tinnitus, vertigo,
Acute & chronic suppurative numbness, skin tingling,
otitis media, pneumonia, muscle twitching, respiratory
septicemia * sinusitis depression, lethargy,
confusion.
Gentamycin 1~1.7mg/kg Aminoglycoside Bone & joint infection. CNS. Hypersensitivity to Nephritic (renal) effects,
every 8 hours Burnn & wound infection. amynoglycosides dizziness, tinnitus, vertigo,
UTI. Acute & chronic numbness, skin tingling,
suppurative otitis media, muscle twitching, respiratory
pneumonia, septicemia * depression, lethargy,
sinusitis confusion.
Gliclazide 30 mg tab OD Inhibiting ATP-sensitive potassium Type 2 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes, Hypoglycemic manifestations,
(Diamicron MR) channels in pancreatic beta cells. This ketoacidosis, diabetic skin reactions, GI disorders
inhibition causes cell membrane precoma, severe renal or
depolarization, which causs voltage- hepatic impairment,
dependent calcium channels to open, Pregnancy, lactation. Co-
which causes an increase in intracellular adminstration w/ miconazole
calcium in the beta cell, which stimulates
Generic/
Brand Name
insulin release.
Gliclazide 30 mg tab OD Inhibiting ATP-sensitive potassium Type 2 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes, Hypoglycemic manifestations,
(Diamicron MR) channels in pancreatic beta cells. This ketoacidosis, diabetic skin reactions, GI disorders
inhibition causes cell membrane precoma, severe renal or
depolarization, which causs voltage- hepatic impairment,
dependent calcium channels to open, Pregnancy, lactation. Co-
which causes an increase in intracellular adminstration w/ miconazole
calcium in the beta cell, which stimulates
insulin release.
Hypoglycemia. Dizziness,
sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent. It lowers
asthenia, headache, nausea.
blood glucose primarily by stimulating the
Glimepiride 2mg before Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as Vomiting, GI pain, diarrhea.
release of insulin from functioning
(Norizec) breakfast, monotherapy or in Diabetic ketoacidosis w/ or Allergic skin reactions,
pancreatic β-cells. Glimepiride also
combination w/ metformin or w/o coma hematologic reactions.
provides overall glycemic control by
insulin. Hyponatremia, changes in
increasing sensitivity of peripheral
accommodation &/or blurred
tissues to insulin.
vision.
Glimepiride 1-4 mg daily NIDDM (Type II). May be IDDM (type I); diabetic Hypoglycemia. Temporary
used in combination w/ ketoacidosis; diabetic visual impairment. GI
metformin & insulin. precoma or coma. Serious symptoms. Elevated liver
renal or hepatic dysfunction; enzymes, impairment of liver
dialsis patints. function, hepatitis, liver
failure. Thrombopenia,
hemolytic anemia,
erythrocytopenia, leucopenia,
agranulocytosis,
pancytopenia. Allergic or
pseudoallergic reactions
including shock, allergic
vasculitis. Hypersensitivity to
light. Decreased serum Na.
Glipizide (Minidiab) 5mg/tab OD Stimulates insulin release from the Adjunct to diet in patients with IDDM, keto-acidosis, Leukopenia, agranulocytosis,
pancreatic beta cells, reduces glucose Type 2 diabetes when proper diabetic coma, gangrene, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic
output from the liver; insulin sensitivity is dietary management alone severe trauma, infection or anemia,pancytopenia.
increased at peripheral target sites. has failed febrile status
Hexetidine gargle Minor sore throat; halitosis;
(Bactidol) general oral hygiene;
mechanism of action of chlorhexidine on
improves appearance of Transient numbness &
bacteria, which involves the disruption of
mouth tissues; protects tooth alteration in taste may occur.
bacterial cell membrane.
surfaces against formation of
decay acids.
an intermediate-acting insulin combined
48 “u” SQ in Hypoglycemia, IV Lipodystrophy, insulin
with the more rapid onset of action of
Humulin 70/30, AM and 16 “u” Treatment of IDDM. administration & resistance. Local &
regular insulin. The duration of activity
SQ hyperglycemic coma. generalised allergic reactions.
may last up to 24 hrs following injection.
Humulin N (Human Depends on Humulin N (insulin isophane) is a man- Humulin N is used to improve Hypoglycemia, IV Lipodystrophy, insulin
Recombitant) dosage given, made form of a hormone that is blood sugar control in adults administration & resistance. Local &
but usually 10 produced in the body. Insulin is a and children with diabetes hyperglycemic coma. generalised allergic reactions.
Generic/
Brand Name
hormone that works by lowering levels of
glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin
isophane is an intermediate-acting
U insulin that starts to work within 2 to 4 mellitus
hours after injection, peaks in 4 to 12
hours, and keeps working for 12 to 18
hours.
Hydrocortisone 5mg/kg/dose Decreases inflammation by suppression Endocrine, hematologic, TB skin infections, herpes Allergic reactions
of migration of PMNs and reversal of rheumatic and collagen simplex, vaccinia,
increased capillary permeability disorders hypersensitivity
Corticosteroids may mask
some signs of infection, and
new infections may appear
during their use. There may Sodium retention, fluid
be decreased resistance retention, congestive heart
Corticosteroids enter the cell and bind to
and inability to localize failure in susceptible patients,
cytosolic receptors that transport the
infection when potassium loss, hypokalemic
steoid into the nucleus. The steroid-
corticosteroids are used. alkalosis, hypertension,
receptor complex alters gene expression
Prolonged use of increased calcium excretion,
by binding to glucocorticoid response
corticosteroids may produce steroid myopathy. Increase in
Hydrocortisone elements (GREs) or mineralocorticoid-
100mg IV posterior subcapsular alanine transaminase (ALT,
sodium succinate specific elements. Tissue-specific
every 8 hours cataracts, glaucoma with SGPT), aspartate
(Solu-cortef) responses to steroids are made possible
possible damage to the optic transaminase (AST, SGOT)
by the presence in each tissue of
nerves, and may enhance and alkaline phosphatase,
different protein regulators that control
the establishment of these changes are usually
the interaction between the hormone-
secondary ocular infections small, not associated with any
receptor complex and particular
Corticosteroids should be clinical syndrome and are
response elements
used cautiously in patients reversible upon
with ocular herpes simplex discontinuation
for fear of corneal
perforation.
Hydrocortisone 100mg IV Corticosteroids enter the cell and bind to Corticosteroids may mask Sodium retention, fluid
sodium succinate every 8 hours cytosolic receptors that transport the some signs of infection, and retention, congestive heart
(Solu-cortef) steoid into the nucleus. The steroid- new infections may appear failure in susceptible patients,
receptor complex alters gene expression during their use. There may potassium loss, hypokalemic
by binding to glucocorticoid response be decreased resistance alkalosis, hypertension,
elements (GREs) or mineralocorticoid- and inability to localize increased calcium excretion,
specific elements. Tissue-specific infection when steroid myopathy. Increase in
responses to steroids are made possible corticosteroids are used. alanine transaminase (ALT,
by the presence in each tissue of Prolonged use of SGPT), aspartate
different protein regulators that control corticosteroids may produce transaminase (AST, SGOT)
the interaction between the hormone- posterior subcapsular and alkaline phosphatase,
receptor complex and particular cataracts, glaucoma with these changes are usually
response elements possible damage to the optic small, not associated with any
nerves, and may enhance clinical syndrome and are
the establishment of reversible upon
secondary ocular infections discontinuation
Corticosteroids should be
Generic/
Brand Name
used cautiously in patients
with ocular herpes simplex
for fear of corneal
perforation.
Hydrocortisone 100mg IV Corticosteroids enter the cell and bind to Corticosteroids may mask Sodium retention, fluid
sodium succinate every 8 hours cytosolic receptors that transport the some signs of infection, and retention, congestive heart
(Solu-cortef) steoid into the nucleus. The steroid- new infections may appear failure in susceptible patients,
receptor complex alters gene expression during their use. There may potassium loss, hypokalemic
by binding to glucocorticoid response be decreased resistance and alkalosis, hypertension,
elements (GREs) or mineralocorticoid- inability to localize infection increased calcium excretion,
specific elements. Tissue-specific when corticosteroids are steroid myopathy. Increase in
responses to steroids are made possible used. Prolonged use of alanine transaminase (ALT,
by the presence in each tissue of corticosteroids may produce SGPT), aspartate
different protein regulators that control posterior subcapsular transaminase (AST, SGOT)
the interaction between the hormone- cataracts, glaucoma with and alkaline phosphatase,
receptor complex and particular response possible damage to the optic these changes are usually
elements nerves, and may enhance small, not associated with
the establishment of any clinical syndrome and
secondary ocular infections are reversible upon
Corticosteroids should be discontinuation
used cautiously in patients
with ocular herpes simplex
for fear of corneal
perforation.
Anemia, neutropenia,
leukopenia,
Monitor hematological
thrombocytopenia; burning,
Cuases cell death by specific inhibition of parameters during
redness or pain at site of
Myeloproliferati DNA synthesis. This action cuases treatment. Chickenpox or
radiation therapy; erythema,
ve disorders regressions in chronic myeloid leukemia herpes infection, active
Hydroxyurea maculopapular rash, sore
20-30 mg/kg and other malignancies and psoriasis. infection or dental disease,
(Hydab, Krabinex, mouth or lips, skin rash; fever
daily. Acute The S-phase-specifec action of marked renal dysfunction,
Litalir) or chills, cough or sore throat;
leukemia 50- hydroxyrea can deplete bone marrow gout or nephrolithiasis,
constipation or diarrhea;
75 mg/kg precurso cells associated with patients who have received
stomatitis; difficulty in
megaloblastic changes radiation or cytotoxic therapy
micturition, nausea, vomiting,
causing myelosuppression
low back pain, fatigue,
hyperuricemia
Hydroxyurea Myeloproliferati Cuases cell death by specific inhibition of Monitor hematological Anemia, neutropenia,
(Hydab, Krabinex, ve disorders DNA synthesis. This action cuases parameters during leukopenia,
Litalir) 20-30 mg/kg regressions in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. Chickenpox or thrombocytopenia; burning,
daily. Acute and other malignancies and psoriasis. herpes infection, active redness or pain at site of
leukemia 50- The S-phase-specifec action of infection or dental disease, radiation therapy; erythema,
75 mg/kg hydroxyrea can deplete bone marrow marked renal dysfunction, maculopapular rash, sore
precurso cells associated with gout or nephrolithiasis, mouth or lips, skin rash; fever
megaloblastic changes patients who have received or chills, cough or sore throat;
radiation or cytotoxic therapy constipation or diarrhea;
causing myelosuppression stomatitis; difficulty in
Generic/
Brand Name
hyperuricemia
Hydroxyurea Myeloproliferat Cuases cell death by specific inhibition of Monitor hematological Anemia, neutropenia,
(Hydab, Krabinex, ive disorders DNA synthesis. This action cuases parameters during treatment. leukopenia,
Litalir) 20-30 mg/kg regressions in chronic myeloid leukemia Chickenpox or herpes thrombocytopenia; burning,
daily. Acute and other malignancies and psoriasis. infection, active infection or redness or pain at site of
leukemia 50- The S-phase-specifec action of dental disease, marked renal radiation therapy; erythema,
75 mg/kg hydroxyrea can deplete bone marrow dysfunction, gout or maculopapular rash, sore
precurso cells associated with nephrolithiasis, patients who mouth or lips, skin rash; fever
megaloblastic changes have received radiation or or chills, cough or sore throat;
cytotoxic therapy causing constipation or diarrhea;
myelosuppression stomatitis; difficulty in
hyperuricemia
Acute GI, biliary &
genitourinary spasm,
10mg/tab,
including biliary & renal colic.
Hyoscine-N- 20mg/amp Avoid driving and operating Xerostomia, tachycardia,
Reversible .blockade of the actions of Parenterally also as an aid in
butylbromide 1~2 tab / amp machinery after parenteral urinary retention, allergic
cholinomimetics at muscarinic receptors diagnostic & therapeutic
(Buscopan) IV several administration reactions, skin reactions
procedures eg
times
gastroduodenal endoscopy,
radiology
Hyoscine-N- 10mg/tab, Reversible .blockade of the actions of Acute GI, biliary & Avoid driving and operating Xerostomia, tachycardia,
butylbromide 20mg/amp cholinomimetics at muscarinic receptors genitourinary spasm, machinery after parenteral urinary retention, allergic
(Buscopan) 1~2 tab / amp including biliary & renal colic. administration reactions, skin reactions
IV several Parenterally also as an aid in
times diagnostic & therapeutic
procedures eg
radiology
Hyoscine-N- 10mg/tab, Reversible .blockade of the actions of Acute GI, biliary & Avoid driving and operating Xerostomia, tachycardia,
butylbromide 20mg/amp cholinomimetics at muscarinic receptors genitourinary spasm, machinery after parenteral urinary retention, allergic
(Buscopan) 1~2 tab / amp including biliary & renal colic. administration reactions, skin reactions
IV several Parenterally also as an aid in
times diagnostic & therapeutic
procedures eg
radiology
Ibuprofen 200mg cap : Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Temporarily relief of minor Last trimester of pregnancy, Allergic reaction, redness &
1cap Q4~6hr the CNS & peripherally blocks pain aches & pains due to lactation swelling in the painful area
100mg/5ml impulse generation; produces antipyresis common cold, flu, sore throat, Special precaution : severe
susp: from inhibition of hypothalamic heart- headache, toothache, allergic reaction to aspirin
5~15ml regulating center muscular ache, backache,
Q6~8hr minor pain of arthritis, pain of
menstrual cramp, reduction of
fever
Imidapril Oral: Partial alpha-2 antagonist. Decrease Decrease dose with renal Orthostatic hypotension, rash,
Generic/
Brand Name
0.1,0.2,0.3 mg
tablets
preganglionic sympathetic outflow from drowsiness, dry mouth,
Patche:
brain resulting in decrease in blood insufficiency constipation, headache,
release
pressure impaired ejaculation
0.1,0.2,0.3
mg/24 hrs
Immuzinc Syrup Pediatric mineral Help stimulate the activities of None None
Zn sulfate (syrup 55mg/5ml, 5ml many enzymes, promoting
55mg/5ml = 20mg) once a day normal biochemical reactions
in the body. Adequate daily
zinc supplementation helps
strengthen the immune
system. Supports normal
growth & development. Also
helps in the management of
acute diarrhea in infants &
children
Immuzinc Syrup Pediatric mineral Help stimulate the activities of None None
Zn sulfate (syrup 55mg/5ml, 5ml many enzymes, promoting
55mg/5ml = 20mg) once a day normal biochemical reactions
in the body. Adequate daily
zinc supplementation helps
strengthen the immune
system. Supports normal
growth & development. Also
helps in the management of
acute diarrhea in infants &
children
Insulin The dosage The time course of action of any insulin Treatment of patients Protamine zinc and Lipodystrophy, insulin
(Humulin R) should be may vary considerably in different with diabetes mellitus for the isophane insulin, and insulin resistance and
determined individuals or at different times in the control of hyperglycemia. zinc suspensions should hypersensitivity reactions
according to same individual. As with all insulin never be given IV and are have been associated with
the individual preparations, the duration of action of not indicated for insulin therapy, but the
requirements Humulin is dependent on dose, site of hyperglycemic coma. incidence and severity of
of the patient. injection, blood supply, temperature and Hypoglycemia. these unwanted effects is
physical activity. minimal with monocomponent
insulin.
Common Problems of
Diabetes: Hypoglycemia
(Insulin Reaction):
Hypoglycemia (too little
glucose in the blood) is one of
the most frequent adverse
events experienced by insulin
users. It can be brought about
by: Taking too much insulin;
missing or delaying meals;
exercising or working more
than usual; an infection or
Generic/
Brand Name
illness (especially with
diarrhea or vomiting); a
change in the body's need for
insulin; diseases of the
adrenal, pituitary or thyroid
gland, or progression of
kidney or liver disease;
interactions with other drugs
that lower blood glucose eg,
oral hypoglycemics,
salicylates (eg, aspirin), sulfa
antibiotics and certain
antidepressants; consumption
of alcoholic beverages.
Ipratropum Br and 2.5ml vial Antiasthmatic & COPD preparation Management of revesible Hypertrophic obstructive Fine tremor of skeletal
salbutamol bronchospasm associated cardiomyopathy or muscle; palpitations;
(Combivent) with obstructive airway tachycarrhythmia. History of headache, dizziness,
disease in patients who hypersensitivity to soya nervousness; dryness of
require more than a single lecithin or related food mouth, throat irritation; urinary
bronchodilator products retention
Ipratropum Br and 2.5ml vial Antiasthmatic & COPD preparation Management of revesible Hypertrophic obstructive Fine tremor of skeletal
salbutamol bronchospasm associated cardiomyopathy or muscle; palpitations;
(Combivent) with obstructive airway tachycarrhythmia. History of headache, dizziness,
disease in patients who hypersensitivity to soya nervousness; dryness of
require more than a single lecithin or related food mouth, throat irritation; urinary
bronchodilator products retention
For the treatment of essential
150mg daily, HTN & treatment of renal
Irbesertan may be disease in patients with HTN Pregnancy, 2nd & 3rd Musculoskeletal trauma &
(Aprovel) increased up and type II diabetes mellitus, trimester & lactation flushing
to 300 mg. as part of an antihypertensive
drug regimen.
Isosorbide Dinitrate 1 tab SL Anti anginal Treatment and prophylaxis of Very low blood pressure, Nitrate headache,
(ISDN) acute angina pectoris, acute MI with reduce filling tachycardia, hypotension
pressures except in ICU
Patients prone to dyspepsia
or known to have a lesion of
the gastric mucosa. Do not
in analgesia, anti-inflammatory activity
Isosorbide-5- hemophilia and is not Gastric hemorrhage,
325 mg/tab or and platelet aggregation inhibition;
mononitrate recommended to infants <1 hypersensitivity and
80 mg/tab reduces fever by acting on the brain’s
(Imdur) year. Caution is necessary thrombocytopenia may occur
vasodilation and sweating
are dehydrated.
Isosorbide-5- 325 mg/tab or Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, resulting Prophylactic treatment of Patients prone to dyspepsia Gastric hemorrhage,
mononitrate 80 mg/tab in analgesia, anti-inflammatory activity angina pectoris. Treatment of or known to have a lesion of hypersensitivity and
Generic/
Brand Name
(Imdur) and platelet aggregation inhibition; post-myocardial infarction the gastric mucosa. Do not thrombocytopenia may occur
reduces fever by acting on the brain’s anginal attacks. administer to patients with
vasodilation and sweating recommended to infants <1
are dehydrated.
Isosorbide-5- 325 mg/tab or Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, resulting Patients prone to dyspepsia Gastric hemorrhage,
mononitrate 80 mg/tab in analgesia, anti-inflammatory activity or known to have a lesion of hypersensitivity and
(Imdur) and platelet aggregation inhibition; the gastric mucosa. Do not thrombocytopenia may occur
reduces fever by acting on the brain’s administer to patients with
vasodilation and sweating recommended to infants <1
are dehydrated.
After oral administration, side
effects are rare; palpitations,
chest pains, mild flushing,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting
Isoxsuprine, a ß-adrenoceptor agonist, is
Recent arterial hemorrhage, and rash have been reported.
an orally and perenterally active
heart disease, severe Parenteral administration can
peripheral vasodilator. It has a strong
anemia. Parenterally, result in tachycardia,
Isoxsuprine HCl relaxing action on arteries and to a
hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension,
(Isoxilan) certain extent, also on cutaneous blood
premature rupture of dizziness and flushing which
vessels. In addition to this, it had a direct
membranes or immediately can be controlled by dose
relaxant effect on the smooth muscle
post partum reduction and by supine
tissue of the uteru
position of the patient and
reversed if necessary by
parenteral administration of
noradrenaline.
Isoxsuprine HCl 10mg/tab a β-adrenoceptor agonist with selectivity Treatment of circulatory Recent arterial hemorrhage, Transient palpitations, fall in
(Duvadilan) of action for the smooth muscles of the disorders & uterine heart disease, severe BP, dizziness. Skin rash
blood vessels, particularly the cerebral hypermotility. anemia
vessels and the deeper vessels of the
limbs. In higher doses, isoxsuprine has a
relaxant action on the smooth muscles of
the uterus. Isoxsuprine also has a
beneficial effect on blood viscosity.
Isoxsuprine HCl 10mg/tab a β-adrenoceptor agonist with selectivity Treatment of circulatory Recent arterial hemorrhage, Transient palpitations, fall in
(Duvadilan) of action for the smooth muscles of the disorders & uterine heart disease, severe BP, dizziness. Skin rash
blood vessels, particularly the cerebral hypermotility. anemia
vessels and the deeper vessels of the
limbs. In higher doses, isoxsuprine has a
relaxant action on the smooth muscles of
Generic/
Brand Name
the uterus. Isoxsuprine also has a
beneficial effect on blood viscosity.
Isoxsuprine HCl Isoxsuprine, a ß-adrenoceptor agonist, is Recent arterial hemorrhage, After oral administration, side
(Isoxilan) an orally and perenterally active heart disease, severe effects are rare; palpitations,
peripheral vasodilator. It has a strong anemia. Parenterally, chest pains, mild flushing,
relaxing action on arteries and to a hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness, nausea, vomiting
certain extent, also on cutaneous blood premature rupture of and rash have been reported.
vessels. In addition to this, it had a direct membranes or immediately Parenteral administration can
relaxant effect on the smooth muscle post partum result in tachycardia,
tissue of the uteru palpitations, hypotension,
dizziness and flushing which
can be controlled by dose
reduction and by supine
noradrenaline.
Isoxsuprine HCl Isoxsuprine, a ß-adrenoceptor agonist, is Recent arterial hemorrhage, After oral administration, side
(Isoxilan) an orally and perenterally active heart disease, severe effects are rare; palpitations,
peripheral vasodilator. It has a strong anemia. Parenterally, chest pains, mild flushing,
relaxing action on arteries and to a hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness, nausea, vomiting
certain extent, also on cutaneous blood premature rupture of and rash have been reported.
vessels. In addition to this, it had a direct membranes or immediately Parenteral administration can
relaxant effect on the smooth muscle post partum result in tachycardia,
tissue of the uteru palpitations, hypotension,
dizziness and flushing which
can be controlled by dose
reduction and by supine
noradrenaline.
Itopride HCl 50 mg/tab Activates GI propulsive motility due to its Treatment of GI symptoms of Known hypersensitivity, GI Leucopenia and
(Ganaton) dopamine D2 antagonizing activity and functional, non-ulcer hemorrhage, mechanical thrombocytopenia. Dizziness,
acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. dyspepsia ie feeling of obstruction or perforation. headache, tremors. Diarrhea,
abdominal bloatedness, constipation, abdominal pain,
upper abdominal pain, jaundice.
heartburn, nausea and
vomiting.
Ivabradine Is a pure heart rate lowering agent acting Symptomatic treatment of Hypersensitivity to said drug Luminous phenomena,
by selective and specific inhibition of the chronic stable angina pectoris and heart rate of <60 bpm, blurred vision, palpitations,
cardiac pacemaker. in patients with normal sinus cardiogenic shock, severe nausea, constipation,
rhythm who have hypotension, renal headache.
contraindication or insufficiency
intolerance to beta blockers.
Ivabradine Usual Ivabradine is a heart rate lowering agent Chronic stable angina Pregnancy, lactation, resting Luminous phenomena
(Coralan) recommended that works through selective and specific pectoris in coronary artery heart rate <60 beats/min (phosphena), blurred vision,
initial dose: 5 inhibition of the cardiac disease patients with normal prior to treatment, bradycardia, 1st degree AV-
mg bid. pacemaker If current. If current controls sinus rhythm cardiogenic shock, acute block, ventricular extrasystole,
Generic/
Brand Name
Increase if the spontaneous diastolic depolarisation myocardial infarction, severe supraventricular
necessary to in the sinus node and regulate heart rate. hypotension (<90/50 extrasystoles, palpitations,
7.5 mg bid mmHg), severe hepatic headache, dizziness, nausea,
after 3-4 insufficiency, sick sinus constipation, diarrhoea,
weeks. Titrate syndrome, sino-atrial block, vertigo, dyspnoea, muscle
downward to heart failure patients with cramps, hyperuricaemia,
2.5-5 mg bid if NYHA class III-IV, eosinophilia, elevated blood-
patient pacemaker dependent, creatinine.
develops brady unstable angina, 3rd degree
cardia sympto AV-block, concurrent use
ms with potent CYP3A4
(e.g. dizziness, inhibitors.
fatigue) or
resting heart
rate is
persistently
<50
beats/min).
Elderly: ≥75 yr
old: Initiate
treatment at
2.5 mg bid.
Titrate up if
necessary.
Renal
impairment: C
aution in
patients with
CrCl <15
ml/min.
Kalium 750 mg durule Needed for adequate transmission of Hypokalemia, prophylaxis Renal insufficiency, Hyperkalemia.
nerve impulses and cardiac contraction, during treatment with hyperkalemia, untreated
renal function, intracellular ion diuretics Addison’s disease,
maintenance constriction of the
esophagus &/or obstructive
changes in the GIT.
100-300 mg IV GI disorders, headache,
Ketoprofen
daily for a max Analgesic Renal impairment drowsiness, dizziness,
(Orudis)
of 48 hrs edema, bullous dermatoses
100-300 mg IV GI disorders, headache,
Ketoprofen
daily for a max Analgesic Renal impairment drowsiness, dizziness,
(Orudis)
Ketoprofen 100-300 mg IV Analgesic Renal impairment GI disorders, headache,
(Orudis) daily for a max drowsiness, dizziness,
Ketoprofen 100-300 mg IV Analgesic Renal impairment GI disorders, headache,
(Orudis) daily for a max drowsiness, dizziness,
Ketorolac 30 mg IV TID Analgesic, can also replace morphine in Special Precautions: in GI reactions, nausea,
Generic/
Brand Name
patients with impaired renal
function. History of GIT
dyspepsia, drowsiness,
disease, anaphylactoid
trometamol situations involving mild to moderate pot headache, sweating edema,
reactions, elderly,
(Toradol) op pain bradycardia, palpitation,
coagulation disorders. Avoid
hypotension, chest pain
driving and operating
machinery
Special Precautions: in
patients with impaired renal
GI reactions, nausea,
function. History of GIT
Ketorolac Analgesic, can also replace morphine in dyspepsia, drowsiness,
disease, anaphylactoid
trometamol 30 mg IV TID situations involving mild to moderate pot headache, sweating edema,
reactions, elderly,
(Toradol) op pain bradycardia, palpitation,
hypotension, chest pain
machinery
trometamol situations involving mild to moderate pot patients with impaired renal dyspepsia, drowsiness,
(Toradol) op pain function. History of GIT headache, sweating edema,
disease, anaphylactoid bradycardia, palpitation,
reactions, elderly, hypotension, chest pain
machinery
trometamol situations involving mild to moderate pot patients with impaired renal dyspepsia, drowsiness,
(Toradol) op pain function. History of GIT headache, sweating edema,
disease, anaphylactoid bradycardia, palpitation,
reactions, elderly, hypotension, chest pain
machinery
Chronic renal insufficiency
together with a low protein,
Ketoanalogues and nitrogen free
Ketosteril high caloric diet in hypercalcemia none
essential amino acid
compensated and
decompensated retention.
3.3g/5ml Constipation associated with
Starting ped problems, post-op;
Initial dosing may produce
Adult : pregnancy & postnatal period;
Laxative; the fecal bulk is increased and Galactosemia, bowel flatulence and meteorism,
15~45ml bedridden & geriatric patients;
Lactulose softened and peristalsis is stimulated, by obstruction, hypersensitivity which are usually transient
Child :5~15ml surgical procedures; painful
(Duphalac) which normal bowel action is restored. Special concerns in lactose and disappear under
Maintenance rectal & anal conditions;
Lactulose does not irritate gut mucosa intolerance continued therapy
Adult : laxative dependence; barium
Diarrhea
10~25ml x-ray investigation; drug-
Child :5~20ml induced constipation
Lactulose 3.3g/5ml Laxative; the fecal bulk is increased and Constipation associated with Galactosemia, bowel Initial dosing may produce
(Duphalac) Starting softened and peristalsis is stimulated, by ped problems, post-op; obstruction, hypersensitivity flatulence and meteorism,
Adult : which normal bowel action is restored. pregnancy & postnatal period; Special concerns in lactose which are usually transient
15~45ml Lactulose does not irritate gut mucosa bedridden & geriatric patients; intolerance and disappear under
Generic/
Brand Name
Child :5~15ml surgical procedures; painful
Maintenance rectal & anal conditions;
continued therapy
Diarrhea
Adult : which normal bowel action is restored. pregnancy & postnatal period; Special concerns in lactose which are usually transient
15~45ml Lactulose does not irritate gut mucosa bedridden & geriatric patients; intolerance and disappear under
Child :5~15ml surgical procedures; painful continued therapy
Maintenance rectal & anal conditions; Diarrhea
Adult : which normal bowel action is restored. pregnancy & postnatal Special concerns in lactose which are usually transient
15~45ml Lactulose does not irritate gut mucosa period; bedridden & geriatric intolerance and disappear under
Child :5~15ml patients; surgical procedures; continued therapy
Maintenance painful rectal & anal Diarrhea
Adult : conditions; laxative
10~25ml dependence; barium x-ray
Child :5~20ml investigation; drug-induced
constipation
Lansoprazole Peptic ulcer Peptic ulcer Patients receiving Anaphylactic / hypersensitivity
(Prevacid / Adult: 30 mg Hypersecretory conditions Atazanavir sulfate reactions; hepatic &
Prevacid FDT / once daily in Acid-related dyspepsia hematologic changes; GI &
Prevacid IV) the morning Gastro-oesophageal psychoneurologic disorders.
given for 4 wk reflux disease IV: pancytopenia,
(duodenal NSAID-associated ulceration agranulocytosis, , hemolytic
ulcer) or for 8 Prophylaxis of NSAID- anemia, granulocytopenia,
wk (gastric induced ulcers anemia. Lyell & Stevens
ulcer). H.pylori infection Johnson syndrome, interstitial
Hypersecretory Erosive oesophagitis pneumonia & nephritis.
conditions
Adult: Initially,
60 mg daily
and adjust as
required. Daily
doses >120
mg should be
given in 2
divided doses.
Acid-related
dyspepsia
Adult: 15-30
mg once daily
in the morning
for 2-4 wk.
Generic/
Brand Name
Gastro-
oesophageal
reflux disease
Adult: 30 mg
once daily in
the morning for
4-8 wk.
Maintenance:
15-30 mg once
daily according
to response.
NSAID-
associated
ulceration
Adult: 15-30
mg daily for 4-
8 wk.
Prophylaxis of
NSAID-
induced ulcers
Adult: 15-30
mg daily for 4-
8 wk.l
H.pylori infecti
on
Adult: 1-wk
triple therapy:
30 mg bid
combined with
clarithromycin
500 mg bid
and either
amoxicillin 1 g
bid or
metronidazole
400 mg bid.
Erosive
oesophagitis
Adult: 30 mg
over 30
minutes daily
for up to 7
days
Levetiracetam 500-1500mg Adjunctive therapy in the Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy Asthenia, somnolence.
(Keppra) BID treatment of partial onset and lactation Amnesia, ataxia, convulsion,
seizures w/ or w/out dizziness, headache,
secondary generalization in hyperkinesia, tremor,
adults and children from 4yrs agitation, depression,
of age w/ epilepsy emotional lability, hostility,
Generic/
Brand Name
insomnia, nervousness,
personality and mental
disorders
Levocetilizine and q HS Montelukast: The cysteinyl leukotrienes Relief of symptoms Patients with a known Dyspepsia, Dizziness, Nasal
Monteulast (Co- (LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4) are potent associated with seasonal and hypersensitivity to congestion, Rash,
altria) inflammatory eicosanoids released from perennial allergic rhinitis. montelukast or Somnolence, Dry mouth,
various cells including mast cells and levocetirizine, severe renal fatigue, agitation, convulsion
eosinophils. These important mediators (CrCl <10 mL/min) or
bind to cysteinyl leukotriene receptors. hepatic impairment, children
Cysteinyl leukotrienes have been 6-11 years with renal
correlated with the pathophysiology of impairment.
asthma and allergic rhinitis. In asthma,
leukotriene-mediated effects include
bronchoconstriction, mucous secretion,
vascular permeability and eosinophil
recruitment. In allergic rhinitis, cysteinyl
leukotrienes are released from the nasal
mucosa after allergen exposure during
both early- and late-phase reactions and
are associated with symptoms of allergic
rhinitis. Intranasal challenge with
cysteinyl leukotrienes has been shown to
increase nasal airway resistance and
symptoms of nasal obstruction.
Montelukast is an orally active compound
which binds with high affinity and
selectivity to the cysteinyl leukotriene
type 1 receptor thereby preventing
cysteinyl leukotrienes from exerting their
effects.
Levocetirizine: The active enantiomer of
cetirizine is an antihistamine. Its principal
effects are mediated via selective
inhibition of H1 receptors. The
antihistamine activity of levocetirizine has
been documented in a variety of animal
and human models
Levocetilizine and q HS Montelukast: The cysteinyl leukotrienes Relief of symptoms Patients with a known Dyspepsia, Dizziness, Nasal
Generic/
Brand Name
effects.
and human models
Levocetrlizine and q HS Montelukast: The cysteinyl leukotrienes Relief of symptoms Patients with a known Dyspepsia, Dizziness, Nasal
effects.
Generic/
Brand Name
and human models
Levofloxacin 250mg, 500mg Semi-synthetic antibacterial agent that Treatment of CAP, acute Age<19 y/o, hypersensitivity, Diarrhea, nausea, anorexia,
tablets, 5mg/ml inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, necessary bacterial exacerbation of pregnancy and lactation. stomatitis, insomnia,
x 100 ml for supercoiling of the DNA, thereby chronic bronchitis, acute headache & dizziness. Joint
preventing DNA replication in susceptible maxillary sinusitis, UTI. pai, pruritus, eczema,
bacteria increased liver enzymes,
phlebitis.
As monotherapy in adult
patients w/ type 2 DM to
improve glycemic control in Nasopharyngitis,
Linagliptin Type 1 DM. Treatment of
5 mg OD DPP4 inhibitors conjunction w/ diet and hypersensitivity, cough,
(Trajenta) diabetic ketoacidosis
exercise, or as add-on to pancreatitis
metformin, sulfonylureas,
thiazolidinediones, insulin
Linezolid 500mg/IV Binds to 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S Nosocomial pneumonia, CAP Hypersensitivity Myelosuppresion,
subunit preventing formation of the including concurrent pseudomembranous colitis,
bacterial translation process bacteremia. MRSA infection diarrhea, headache, nausea
vomiting, insomnia,
constipation, rash, dizziness,
fever
Directly acts on intestinal muscles to
inhibit peristalsis and prolongs transit
2mg/cap, time enhancing fluid & electrolyte Constipation, acute Constipation, nausea,
Anti-diarrheal
Loperamide 2cap followed movement through intestinal mucosa; ulcerative, vomiting, tiredness,
Symptomatic control of acute
(Diatabs, Imodium) by 1cap after reduces fecal volume, increase viscosity pseudomembranous colitis, drowsiness or dizziness, dry
& chronic diarrhea, ileostomy
unformed stool & diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss; acute dysentery mouth
demonstrates antisecretory activity;
exhibits peripheral action
Directly acts on intestinal muscles to
inhibit peristalsis and prolongs transit
2mg/cap, time enhancing fluid & electrolyte Constipation, acute Constipation, nausea,
Anti-diarrheal
Loperamide 2cap followed movement through intestinal mucosa; ulcerative, vomiting, tiredness,
Symptomatic control of acute
(Diatabs, Imodium) by 1cap after reduces fecal volume, increase viscosity pseudomembranous colitis, drowsiness or dizziness, dry
& chronic diarrhea, ileostomy
unformed stool & diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss; acute dysentery mouth
Loperamide 2mg/cap, Directly acts on intestinal muscles to Anti-diarrheal Constipation, acute Constipation, nausea,
(Diatabs, Imodium) 2cap followed inhibit peristalsis and prolongs transit Symptomatic control of acute ulcerative, vomiting, tiredness,
by 1cap after time enhancing fluid & electrolyte & chronic diarrhea, ileostomy pseudomembranous colitis, drowsiness or dizziness, dry
unformed stool movement through intestinal mucosa; acute dysentery mouth
reduces fecal volume, increase viscosity
& diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss;
Generic/
Brand Name
Loperamide 2mg/cap, Directly acts on intestinal muscles to Anti-diarrheal Constipation, acute Constipation, nausea,
(Diatabs, Imodium) 2cap followed inhibit peristalsis and prolongs transit Symptomatic control of acute ulcerative, vomiting, tiredness,
by 1cap after time enhancing fluid & electrolyte & chronic diarrhea, ileostomy pseudomembranous colitis, drowsiness or dizziness, dry
unformed stool movement through intestinal mucosa; acute dysentery mouth
reduces fecal volume, increase viscosity
& diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss;
Losartan 50mg/tab Losartan is a selective, competitive HTN. Reduction in the risk of Childn w/ GFR <30 Dizziness, dose-related
(Cozaar) 100mg/tab Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) CV morbidity & mortality in mL/min/1.73 m2, hepatic orthostatic effects, rash,
receptor antagonist, reducing the end hypertensive patients w/ left impairment. Neonates. asthenia/fatigue, vertigo,
organ responses to angiotensin II. ventricular hypertrophy. hypotension & hyperkalemia,
Losartan administration results in a Renal protection in type 2 hypersensitivity, GI, CV,
decrease in total peripheral resistance diabetic patients w/ hematologic, musculoskeletal,
(afterload) and cardiac venous return proteinuria. Hypertensive nervous, psychiatric, resp &
(preload) All of the physiological effects pediatric >1 mth-16 yr. dermatologic effects;
of angiotensin II, including stimulation of vomiting, dysgeusia &
release of aldosterone, are antagonized erythroderma.
in the presence of losartan
Maalox Chewtab 2~4
Antacids, antireflux & antiulcerants Symptomatic relief of Severe debilitation, kidney
Al(OH)3 200mg, Susp 2~4tsp Rarely, GI disturbance
agents hyperacidity failure
Mg(OH)2 200mg QID
Maalox Chewtab 2~4
Antacids, antireflux & antiulcerants Symptomatic relief of Severe debilitation, kidney
Al(OH)3 200mg, Susp 2~4tsp Rarely, GI disturbance
agents hyperacidity failure
Mg(OH)2 200mg QID
Maalox Tablet: 2-4 Maalox is a balanced mixture of 2 Symptomatic relief Use in severely debilitated Gastrointestinal side effects
Al(OH)3 200mg, tabs. antacids: Aluminum hydroxide is a slow- of hyperacidity and as patients or in those suffering are uncommon.
Mg(OH)2 200mg Suspension: 2- acting antacid and magnesium hydroxide antiflatulent to alleviate from kidney failure. Occasionally, high doses of
4 teaspoonfuls is fast acting. The 2 are frequently symptoms of gas, including antacids may cause diarrhea
(10-20 mL) 4 combined in antacid mixtures. Aluminum post-operation gaspain. or constipation.
times a day hydroxide on its own is astringent and
taken 20 min may cause constipation. This effect is
to 1 hr after balanced by the effect of magnesium
meals and at hydroxide, which, in common with other
bedtime or as magnesium salts, may cause diarrhea.
directed by the
physician.
Maalox Chewtab 2~4 Antacids, antireflux & antiulcerants Symptomatic relief of Severe debilitation, kidney Rarely, GI disturbance
Al(OH)3 200mg, Susp 2~4tsp agents hyperacidity failure
Mg(OH)2 200mg QID
Severely decompensated
endocrine, renal, hepatic Anorexia, GI upsets, cardiac
Parkinson’s disease and and cardiac disorders. arrhythmia and orthostatic
symptoms except drug- Psychoses and severe hypotension. Abnormal
Madopar 250 mg/tab Neurodegenerative disease drugs
induced parkinsonian psychoneuroses. Patients involuntary movements, Mild
syndrome less than 25 years old. transient leucopenia and
Pregnancy and lactation. throcytopenia.
Combination with MAOIs.
Generic/
Brand Name
Mannitol 150cc/TSS Promotion of dieresis in the Pulmonary congestion, fluid
prevention or treatment of electrolyte imbalance,
Increases the osmotic pressure of oliguric phase of acute renal Severe impairment of renal acidosis, electrolyte loss,
glomerular filtrate, which inhibits tubular failure before irreversible function, excessive loss of dryness of mouth, thrist,
reabsorption of water and electrolytes renal failure becomes electrolyte, osmotic marked dieresis, urinary
and increases urinary output. establish, reduction of nephrosis, retention, edema,
intracranial pressure or brain headache,blurred vision,
mass convulsion, nausea
Mannitol 0.2 g/kg over Mannitol increases urinary output by Oliguric phase of renal Pulmonary congestion or Fluid and electrolyte
3-5 mins inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water failure, Raised intracranial oedema; intracranial imbalance; acidosis (with
50-100 g in a and electrolytes. It raises the osmotic pressure, Cerebral oedema, bleeding; CHF; metabolic high doses). Nausea,
24-hr period pressure of the plasma allowing water to Transurethral prostatic oedema with abnormal vomiting, thirst; headache,
via infusion be drawn out of body tissues. resection capillary fragility; anuria due dizziness, convulsions, chills,
0.25-2 g/kg Onset: Diuresis: 1-3 hr. Reduction in to severe renal disease; fever; tachycardia, chest
over 30-60 intracerebral pressure: around 15 min. severe dehydration pain; blurred vision; urticaria
mins Duration: Reduction in intracerebral and hypotension or
pressure: 1.5-6 hr. hypertension; acute renal
Absorption: Small amounts are absorbed failure; skin necrosis;
from the GI tract. thrombophloebitis.
Distribution: Concentrated in extracellular
compartments. It does not penetrate the
blood-brain barrier nor the eye.
Mebendazole 100mg/tab None Inhibits glucose uptake, none Enterobiasis, ascariasis,
degenerative of cytoplasmic hookworm infections,
microtubules in the cell; trichomoniasis, roundworm
interferes with absorption,
secretory function
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by
Pain, headache, muscular
decreasing the activity of the enzyme,
500 mg/cap and traumatic pain, dental GIT ulceration or GI disturbances, bleeding,
Mefenamic acid cyclooxygenase, which results in
P.O pain, post-op & post partum inflammation drowsiness, dizziness
decrease formation of the protaglandin
pain, dysmenorrhea
precursor
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by
Pain, headache, muscular
decreasing the activity of the enzyme,
500 mg/cap and traumatic pain, dental GIT ulceration or GI disturbances, bleeding,
Mefenamic acid cyclooxygenase, which results in
P.O pain, post-op & post partum inflammation drowsiness, dizziness
decrease formation of the protaglandin
pain, dysmenorrhea
precursor
Mefenamic acid 500 mg/cap Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by Pain, headache, muscular GIT ulceration or GI disturbances, bleeding,
P.O decreasing the activity of the enzyme, and traumatic pain, dental inflammation drowsiness, dizziness
cyclooxygenase, which results in pain, post-op & post partum
decrease formation of the protaglandin pain, dysmenorrhea
precursor
Mefenamic acid 500 mg/cap Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by Pain, headache, muscular GIT ulceration or GI disturbances, bleeding,
P.O decreasing the activity of the enzyme, and traumatic pain, dental inflammation drowsiness, dizziness
cyclooxygenase, which results in pain, post-op & post partum
decrease formation of the protaglandin pain, dysmenorrhea
precursor
Meloxicam 15mg/tab OD Selective COX-2 inhibitor, thus, Management of RA, acute Cross sensitivity to Aspirin Gastrointestinal toxicity and
preventing prostaglandin synthesis and exacerbation of OA and and other NSAIDs, history of bleeding, tinnitus, blinding
Generic/
Brand Name
inflammation ankylosing spondylitis. stroke, heart attack, headaches, rash, very dark or
uncontrolled hypertension, black stool (sign of intestinal
pregnancy bleeding)
Memantine HCl 5-20mg Antagonist action of CNS NMDA Moderate to severe Hypersensitivity Hallucination, confusion,
(Zimerz) receptorsthat may contribute to the Alzheimer’s disease dizziness, headache,
symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease tiredness
Menadione 10mg/tab q8 Menadione is a synthetic lipid-soluble Prevention and control of Hemolytic anemia,
vitamin K analogue. It is an essential minor to severe hemorrhagic hyperbilirubinemia &
cofactor in the hepatic synthesis of disorder, menorrhagia, & pre- kernicterus in newborns
prothrombin (factor II) and other blood & post-op procedures. especially in premature
clotting factors (factors VII, IX, X and Prophylaxis and treatment of babies.
proteins C and S), and in the function of neonatal hemorrhage.
proteins important for bone development
(e.g. osteocalcin).
Meropenem 500mg IV q6 Is a carbapenem antibiotic for parenteral Pneumonias, UTI, pelvic Hypersensitivity to Allergic reactions,
(Meronem) use that is relatively stable to human inflammatory disease, skin meropenem inflammation of injection site
dehydropeptidase-1. infections, septicemia
a biguanide hypoglycemic agent that

reduces both fasting and postprandial
Renal & hepatic dysfunction,
glucose concentrations in patients with GI disturbances;
CHF, CV collapse, shock,
type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving dizziness/lightheadedness,
acute MI, dehydration,
both peripheral and hepatic sensitivity to headache, upper resp
Adjunct to diet & exercise to septicemia or intravascular
Metformin HCl insulin. Metformin improves insulin infection, flu syndrome, chest
improve glycemic control in administration of iodinated
(Glumet) 500mg 3x a sensitivity by enhancing insulin- discomfort, chills;
Type II DM. Impaired glucose contrast materials. Diabetic
day stimulated uptake and utilization of hypoglycemia, myalgia,
tolerance. ketoacidosis w/ or w/o coma.
glucose by peripheral tissues eg, skeletal dyspnea, nail disorder, rash,
Alcoholism. Pregnancy &
muscles and adipocytes. Metformin also increased sweating, flushing,
lactation. XR tab Childn <17
improves glycemic control by decreasing palpitation.
yr.
hepatic glucose production and intestinal
absorption of glucose.
Metformin HCl 500mg/tab BID Decreases hepatic glucose production, Type II diabetes mellitus as CHF, impaired hepatic or GI symptoms: diarrhea,
decreasing intestinal absorption of monotherapy or in renal function, diabetes nausea, vomiting, abdominal
glucose and improves insulin sensitivity combination with other oral complicated by acidosis, bleeding, flatulence, anorexia
antidiabetics. infection or gangrene.
Methotrexate Induction 3.3 Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase and Preexisting liver damage or Dermatological &
(Biomedis mg/m2 w/ therefore interferes with DNA synthesis impaired hepatic function. hypersensitivity reactions.
Methotrexate soln, prednisolone and cell replication. Actively multiplying Malignant disease w/ Bone marrow depression,
Emthexate vial, 60 mg/m2 cells such as malignant cells, bone preexisting bone marrow leucopenia, neutropenia,
Methobax vial, daily. marrow, foetal cells, buccal and intestinal aplasia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, decreased
Pfizer Methotrexate Maintenance mucosa and cells in urinary bladder are thrombocytopenia or serum albumin, anemia,
vial) therapy 30 more sensitive. In patients with anaemia. Infection, peptic pancytopenia,
mg/m2 IM rheumatoid arthritis, mehtotrexate ulcer, ulcerative colitis, hypogammaglobulinemia.
twice reduces joint swelling and tenderness debility & extreme youth & Mucositis, anorexia, nausea,
wkly or 2.5 old age. Monitor renal vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
mg/kg IV every function & serum levels distress, hematemesis,
14 days when giving high dose; give melena, Renal failure,
Generic/
Brand Name
azotemia, cystitis, hematuria,
Ca folinate, hydration &
urogenital or menstrual
urine alkalinisation
dysfunction
Dermatological &
Preexisting liver damage or
hypersensitivity reactions.
Induction 3.3 impaired hepatic function.
Bone marrow depression,
mg/m2 w/ Malignant disease w/
Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase and leucopenia, neutropenia,
prednisolone preexisting bone marrow
Methotrexate therefore interferes with DNA synthesis thrombocytopenia, decreased
60 mg/m2 aplasia, leucopenia,
(Biomedis and cell replication. Actively multiplying serum albumin, anemia,
daily. thrombocytopenia or
Methotrexate soln, cells such as malignant cells, bone pancytopenia,
Maintenance anaemia. Infection, peptic
Emthexate vial, marrow, foetal cells, buccal and intestinal hypogammaglobulinemia.
therapy 30 ulcer, ulcerative colitis,
Methobax vial, mucosa and cells in urinary bladder are Mucositis, anorexia, nausea,
mg/m2 IM debility & extreme youth &
Pfizer Methotrexate more sensitive. In patients with vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
twice old age. Monitor renal
vial) rheumatoid arthritis, mehtotrexate distress, hematemesis,
wkly or 2.5 function & serum levels
reduces joint swelling and tenderness melena, Renal failure,
mg/kg IV every when giving high dose; give
azotemia, cystitis, hematuria,
14 days Ca folinate, hydration &
urogenital or menstrual
urine alkalinisation
dysfunction
mg/kg IV every function & serum levels distress, hematemesis,
14 days when giving high dose; give melena, Renal failure,
Ca folinate, hydration & azotemia, cystitis, hematuria,
urine alkalinisation urogenital or menstrual
dysfunction
mg/kg IV every function & serum levels when distress, hematemesis,
14 days giving high dose; give Ca melena, Renal failure,
folinate, hydration & urine azotemia, cystitis, hematuria,
alkalinisation urogenital or menstrual
dysfunction
Methylergometrine 125~250mg Similar smooth muscle actions as seen Completion of 3rd stage Abnormal presentation, Headache, HTN, skin
Generic/
Brand Name
with ergotamine; however, affects before delivery of child is
hydrogen maleate primarily uterine smooth muscle labor. Uterine completed & in multiple birth
orally TID eruptions, abdominal pain
(Methergin) producing sustained contractions and atony/hemorrhage not before the last child has
thereby shorten the third stage of labor bee delivered.
Similar smooth muscle actions as seen Abnormal presentation,
Methylergometrine with ergotamine; however, affects Completion of 3rd stage before delivery of child is
125~250mg Headache, HTN, skin
hydrogen maleate primarily uterine smooth muscle labor. Uterine completed & in multiple birth
orally TID eruptions, abdominal pain
(Methergin) producing sustained contractions and atony/hemorrhage not before the last child has
Methylergometrine 125~250mg Similar smooth muscle actions as seen Completion of 3rd stage labor. Abnormal presentation, Headache, HTN, skin
hydrogen maleate orally TID with ergotamine; however, affects Uterine atony/hemorrhage before delivery of child is eruptions, abdominal pain
(Methergin) primarily uterine smooth muscle completed & in multiple birth
producing sustained contractions and not before the last child has
Methylergometrine 125~250mg Similar smooth muscle actions as seen Completion of 3rd stage labor. Abnormal presentation, Headache, HTN, skin
hydrogen maleate orally TID with ergotamine; however, affects Uterine atony/hemorrhage before delivery of child is eruptions, abdominal pain
(Methergin) primarily uterine smooth muscle completed & in multiple birth
producing sustained contractions and not before the last child has
Documented
hypersensitivity; pregnant
patients with severe
toxemia, unfavorable fetal
Produces rhythmic uterine contractions positions, and a contracting
and can stimulate the gravid uterus; has uterus with hypertonic or
xerostomia, tachycardia,
Methylergonovine vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can hyperactive patterns; labor
urinary retention, allergic
(Syntocinon) control postpartum bleeding or in which vaginal delivery
reactions, skin reactions
hemorrhage by increasing postpartum should be avoided, such as
myometrial tonus invasive cervical carcinoma,
cord presentation or
prolapse, active herpes
genitalis, total placenta
previa, and vasa previa
Documented
xerostomia, tachycardia,
Methylergonovine vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can hyperactive patterns; labor
Methylergonovine Produces rhythmic uterine contractions Documented xerostomia, tachycardia,
(Syntocinon) and can stimulate the gravid uterus; has hypersensitivity; pregnant urinary retention, allergic
Generic/
Brand Name
vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can patients with severe reactions, skin reactions
control postpartum bleeding or toxemia, unfavorable fetal
hemorrhage by increasing postpartum positions, and a contracting
myometrial tonus uterus with hypertonic or
hyperactive patterns; labor
in which vaginal delivery
should be avoided, such as
invasive cervical carcinoma,
Methylergonovine Produces rhythmic uterine contractions Documented hypersensitivity; xerostomia, tachycardia,
(Syntocinon) and can stimulate the gravid uterus; has pregnant patients with severe urinary retention, allergic
vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can toxemia, unfavorable fetal reactions, skin reactions
control postpartum bleeding or positions, and a contracting
hemorrhage by increasing postpartum uterus with hypertonic or
myometrial tonus hyperactive patterns; labor in
which vaginal delivery should
be avoided, such as invasive
cervical carcinoma, cord
presentation or prolapse,
active herpes genitalis, total
placenta previa, and vasa
previa
Antiemetic, prokinetic agent
Metoclopramide stimulates motility of the
Disturbances of GI motility
upper GIT without stimulating gastric,
including GERD & diabetic
biliary or pancreatic secretions. Its mode
10mg/tab, gastroparesis. Nausea & In approximately 10%
of action is unclear. It seems to sensitize
5mg/5ml susp. vomiting of central & restlessness, drowsiness,
tissues to the action of acetylcholine. The GI hemorrhage, mechanical
Metoclopramide 10-15mg QID, peripheral origin associated fatigue and lassitude. Less
effect of metoclopramide on motility is obstruction or perforation,
HCl 30 minutes with surgery, metabolic frequently, insomnia,
not dependent on intact vagal pheochromocytoma,
(Reglan, Plasil) before food disease, infectious disease, headache, dizziness, nausea
innervation, but it can be abolished by epileptics
intak IV, Tab, migraine headache or drugs or bowel disturbances may
anticholinesterase. Blocks dopamine and
Syrup including cancer occur
serotonin in the CTZ of the CNS, which
chemotherapy. Facilitate
is responsible for its antiemetic action.
small bowel intubation &
Also increases LES tone
radiological procedure of GIT
Metoclopramide 10mg/tab, Metoclopramide stimulates motility of the Antiemetic, prokinetic agent GI hemorrhage, mechanical In approximately 10%
HCl 5mg/5ml susp. upper GIT without stimulating gastric, Disturbances of GI motility obstruction or perforation, restlessness, drowsiness,
(Reglan, Plasil) 10-15mg QID, biliary or pancreatic secretions. Its mode including GERD & diabetic pheochromocytoma, fatigue and lassitude. Less
30 minutes of action is unclear. It seems to sensitize gastroparesis. Nausea & epileptics frequently, insomnia,
before food tissues to the action of acetylcholine. The vomiting of central & headache, dizziness, nausea
intak IV, Tab, effect of metoclopramide on motility is peripheral origin associated or bowel disturbances may
Syrup not dependent on intact vagal with surgery, metabolic occur
innervation, but it can be abolished by disease, infectious disease,
anticholinesterase. Blocks dopamine and migraine headache or drugs
serotonin in the CTZ of the CNS, which including cancer
is responsible for its antiemetic action. chemotherapy. Facilitate
Generic/
Brand Name
small bowel intubation &
Also increases LES tone
Metoclopramide Adult: PO Metoclopramide enhances the motility of Diabetic gastric stasis, renal GI haemorrhage, Extrapyramidal symptoms,
HCl Diabetic the upper GI tract and increases gastric impairment, hepatic mechanical obstruction and restlessness, drowsiness,
(Reglan, Plasil) gastric stasis emptying without affecting gastric, biliary impairment, nausea and perforation; anxiety, diarrhoea,
10 mg 4 or pancreatic secretions. It increases vomiting associated with phaeochromocytoma; hypotension, hypertension,
times/day. duodenal peristalsis which decreases cancer chemotherapy or history of seizures. headache, depression, blood
Usual duration: intestinal transit time, and increases radiotherapy, gastro- disorders (e.g.
2-8 wk. lower oesophageal sphincter tone. It is esophageal reflux disease. aganulocytosis,
Nausea and also a potent central dopamine-receptor methaemoglobinaemia),
vomiting antagonist and may also have serotonin- hypersensitivity reactions
associated w/ receptor (5-HT3) antagonist properties. (e.g. bronchospasm, rash),
cancer Absorption: Rapidly and almost galactorrhoea or related
chemotherapy completely absorbed from the GI tract disorders, transient increase
or radiotherapy (oral); peak plasma concentrations after in plasma aldosterone levels.
2 mg/kg 1 hr 1-2 hr. Potentially Fatal: Neuroleptic
before start of Distribution: Widely distributed; crosses malignant syndrome; cardiac
treatment. the blood-brain barrier and placenta; conduction disorders may
Repeat dose 3 enters breast milk. occur with IV dosage form.
times at 2-hrly Metabolism: Extensively hepatic.
intervals. May Excretion: Via urine (as unchanged drug,
repeat 2 sulfate or glucuronide conjugates and
additional metabolites), faeces; 4-6 hr (terminal
doses at 3-hrly elimination half-life).
intervals if
needed. Max:
12 mg/kg/day.
Gastro-
oesophageal
reflux disease
10-15 mg up to
4 times/day,
depending on
severity of
symptoms.
Delayed
emesis
following
chemotherapy
20-40 mg 2-4
times/day for
3-4 days. IV
Nausea and
vomiting
associated w/
cancer
chemotherapy
Highly
emetogenic
Generic/
Brand Name
regimens: 2
mg/kg 30 mins
before start of
treatment.
Repeat twice
at 2-hrly
intervals. Less
emetogenic
regimens: 1
mg/kg. If
vomiting is not
well-controlled,
3 additional
doses at 2
mg/kg/dose 3-
hrly. If vomiting
is well-
controlled w/
the 1st 3
doses, may
reduce dose to
1 mg/kg 3-hrly
for 3 additional
doses.
Intubation of
the small
intestine;
Premed for
radiologic
examination of
the upper GI
tract 10 mg as
a single direct
inj. IV/IM
Diabetic
gastric stasis
10 mg 4
times/day.
Convert to PO
when possible.
Usual duration:
2-8 wk. IM
Post-op
nausea and
vomiting 10 mg
near the end of
the procedure.
Repeat 4-6
hrly when
Generic/
Brand Name
needed.
Metoclopramide 10mg/tab, Metoclopramide stimulates motility of the Antiemetic, prokinetic agent GI hemorrhage, mechanical In approximately 10%
HCl 5mg/5ml susp. upper GIT without stimulating gastric, Disturbances of GI motility obstruction or perforation, restlessness, drowsiness,
(Reglan, Plasil) 10-15mg QID, biliary or pancreatic secretions. Its mode including GERD & diabetic pheochromocytoma, fatigue and lassitude. Less
30 minutes of action is unclear. It seems to sensitize gastroparesis. Nausea & epileptics frequently, insomnia,
before food tissues to the action of acetylcholine. The vomiting of central & headache, dizziness, nausea
intak IV, Tab, effect of metoclopramide on motility is not peripheral origin associated or bowel disturbances may
Syrup dependent on intact vagal innervation, with surgery, metabolic occur
but it can be abolished by disease, infectious disease,
anticholinesterase. Blocks dopamine and migraine headache or drugs
serotonin in the CTZ of the CNS, which is including cancer
responsible for its antiemetic action. Also chemotherapy. Facilitate
increases LES tone small bowel intubation &
CV: hypotension, edema,
flushing; bradycardia; CNS:
headache, fatigue, dizziness,
Lactation: excreted in breast
milk; Children: safety and
drowsiness, forgetfulness;
The ß-blocking activity primarily affects efficacy not established;
sleepiness; vertigo,
the cardiovascular system (decreases Anaphylaxis: Deaths have
Metoprolol paresthesia; DERM: rash,
heart rate, decreases contractility, occurred; aggressive
(Neobloc) facial erythema; alopecia,
decreases BP) and lungs (promotes therapy may be required; AV
urticaria, pruritus; EENT: dry
bronchospasm) block, slows AV conduction
eyes, visual disturbances; GI:
and may cause heart block;
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
Bradycardia
GU: impotence, urinary
retention, difficulty with
urination
CV: hypotension, edema,
flushing; bradycardia; CNS:
headache, fatigue, dizziness,
Lactation: excreted in breast
milk; Children: safety and
drowsiness, forgetfulness;
The ß-blocking activity primarily affects efficacy not established;
sleepiness; vertigo,
the cardiovascular system (decreases Anaphylaxis: Deaths have
Metoprolol paresthesia; DERM: rash,
heart rate, decreases contractility, occurred; aggressive
(Neobloc) facial erythema; alopecia,
decreases BP) and lungs (promotes therapy may be required; AV
urticaria, pruritus; EENT: dry
bronchospasm) block, slows AV conduction
and may cause heart block;
Bradycardia
urination
Metoprolol The ß-blocking activity primarily affects Lactation: excreted in breast CV: hypotension, edema,
(Neobloc) the cardiovascular system (decreases milk; Children: safety and flushing; bradycardia; CNS:
heart rate, decreases contractility, efficacy not established; headache, fatigue, dizziness,
decreases BP) and lungs (promotes Anaphylaxis: Deaths have depression, lethargy,
bronchospasm) occurred; aggressive drowsiness, forgetfulness;
therapy may be required; AV sleepiness; vertigo,
block, slows AV conduction paresthesia; DERM: rash,
Generic/
Brand Name
and may cause heart block; facial erythema; alopecia,
Bradycardia urticaria, pruritus; EENT: dry
urination
Metoprolol The ß-blocking activity primarily affects Lactation: excreted in breast CV: hypotension, edema,
(Neobloc) the cardiovascular system (decreases milk; Children: safety and flushing; bradycardia; CNS:
heart rate, decreases contractility, efficacy not established; headache, fatigue, dizziness,
decreases BP) and lungs (promotes Anaphylaxis: Deaths have depression, lethargy,
bronchospasm) occurred; aggressive therapy drowsiness, forgetfulness;
may be required; AV block, sleepiness; vertigo,
slows AV conduction and paresthesia; DERM: rash,
may cause heart block; facial erythema; alopecia,
Bradycardia urticaria, pruritus; EENT: dry
urination
Metronidazole hours urethritis & vaginitis due to
death
Metronidazole hours urethritis & vaginitis due to
death
Metronidazole 500mg every 8 A direct acting trichomonacide and Amoebiasis, giardiasis, Hypersensitive to the drug or vertigo, headache, ataxia,
hours amebecide that works at both intestinal urethritis & vaginitis due to other nitroimidazole dizziness,syncope, confusion,
IV, Oral and extraintestinal sites. Thought to trichomonas, aerobic infection derivatives and in patients in irritability,weakness,
enter the cells of microorganisms that 1st trimester of pregnancy depression
contain nitroreductase. Unstable
compounds are then formed that bind to
death
Metronidazole 500mg every 8 A direct acting trichomonacide and Amoebiasis, giardiasis, Hypersensitive to the drug or vertigo, headache, ataxia,
hours amebecide that works at both intestinal urethritis & vaginitis due to other nitroimidazole dizziness,syncope,
IV, Oral and extraintestinal sites. Thought to enter trichomonas, aerobic derivatives and in patients in confusion,
the cells of microorganisms that contain infection 1st trimester of pregnancy irritability,weakness,
Generic/
Brand Name
nitroreductase. Unstable compounds are depression
then formed that bind to DNA and inhibit
synthesis, causing cell death
Metronidazole 500 1 vag supp Metronidazole is converted to reduction Mixed infectious vaginitis, Digitalis toxicity, ventricular Local irritation
mg, nystatin before retiring products that interact with DNA to cause trichomonal vaginitis, monilial tachycardia/fibrillation,
100,000 IU. for 7-10 days destruction of helical DNA structure and vaginitis, other fungal obstructive cardiomyopathy.
(Flagystatin) strand leading to a protein synthesis infections. Arrhythmias due to
inhibition and cell death in susceptible accessory pathways (e.g.
organisms. It is effective against a wide Wolff-Parkinson-White
range of organisms including E. syndrome).
histolytica, T. vaginalis, Giardia,
anaerobes e.g. Bacterioides sp,
Fusobacterium sp, Clostridium sp,
Peptococcus sp and Peptostreptococcus
sp, and moderately active against
Gardnerella sp and Campylobacter sp
Nystatin, a polyene antifungal, binds to
ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane.
This binding affects the cell wall
permeability allowing leakage of cellular
contents.
MgSO4 4grams, slow Magnesium prevents or controls For eclampsia or I.V. magnesium should not The adverse effects of
IV convulsions by blocking neuromuscular preeclampsia; For be given to mothers with parenterally administered
transmission and decreasing the amount replacement therapy in toxemia of pregnancy during magnesium usually are the
of acetylcholine liberated at the end plate magnesium deficiency, the 2 hours preceding result of magnesium
by the motor nerve impulse. Magnesium especially in acute delivery. intoxication. These include
is said to have a depressant effect on the hypomagnesemia flushing, sweating,
CNS, but it does not adversely affect the accompanied by signs of hypotension, depressed
mother, fetus or neonate when used as tetany similar to those reflexes, flaccid paralysis,
directed in eclampsia or pre-eclampsia. observed in hypocalcemia hypothermia, circulatory
collapse, cardiac and CNS
depression proceeding to
respiratory paralysis.
Hypocalcemia, with signs of
tetany secondary to
magnesium sulfate therapy
for eclampsia, has been
reported.
½ tablet
initially then ½ Sedation, hypnosis,
Midazolam Acute narrow angle
tablet every 2 anesthesia, anticonvulsant,
(Dormicum) glaucoma, premature infants
hours prior to muscle relaxant
operation
½ tablet
initially then ½ Sedation, hypnosis,
Midazolam Acute narrow angle
tablet every 2 anesthesia, anticonvulsant,
(Dormicum) glaucoma, premature infants
hours prior to muscle relaxant
operation
Midazolam ½ tablet Acute narrow angle Sedation, hypnosis,
Generic/
Brand Name
(Dormicum) initially then ½ glaucoma, premature infants anesthesia, anticonvulsant,
tablet every 2 muscle relaxant
hours prior to
operation
Midazolam ½ tablet Acute narrow angle Sedation, hypnosis,
(Dormicum) initially then ½ glaucoma, premature infants anesthesia, anticonvulsant,
tablet every 2 muscle relaxant
hours prior to
operation
Montelukast 4mg, 10mg Binds with cysteinyl leukotriene receptors Management of bronchial Acute asthma attack during Dream abnormalities
tablets to prevent action of cysteinyl leukotrienes asthma and allergic rhinitis. status asthmaticus hallucinations, palpitations,
which are associated with symtoms of drowsiness, irritability,
asthma, including airway edema, restlessness, insomnia,
increased capillary permeability, smooth increased sweating, N/V,
muscle contraction and inflammation dyspepsia, diarrhea, myalgia,
increased bleeding tendency,
bruising, edema, tremor.
Morphine sulfate Analgesic and for sedation Prolonged relief of moderate Patients with known Abdominal pain, anorexia,
to severe pain hypersensitivity to the drug, constipation, dry mouth,
with respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, confusion,
patients with paralytic ileus headache.
Mosapride Citrate 50 mg/tab Prokinetic drugs/ anti flatulents Treatment of GIT symptoms GI hemorrhage, mechanical Diarrjea, loose stools, dry
(Gasmotin) associated with functional obstruction or perforation. mouth, malaise,
dyspepsia and chronic hypersensitivity
gastritis (heartburn, nausea,
vomiting)
Moxifloxacin 400mg / tab QTc prolonging drugs and Dizziness (3%) Nausea (7%)
replication and translation, DNA repair, Antibiotic / Quinolone
(Avelox) once a day corticosteroids. May Diarrhea (6%)
Moxifloxacin 400mg / tab QTc prolonging drugs and Dizziness (3%) Nausea (7%)
replication and translation, DNA repair, Antibiotic / Quinolone
(Avelox) once a day corticosteroids. May Diarrhea (6%)
Moxifloxacin 400mg / tab Inhibits DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase Antibiotic / Quinolone Caution for use with other Dizziness (3%) Nausea (7%)
(Avelox) once a day IV. This results in inhibition of DNA QTc prolonging drugs and Diarrhea (6%)
replication and translation, DNA repair, corticosteroids. May
recombination and transposition, which aggravate myasthenia gravis
Moxifloxacin 400mg / tab Inhibits DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase Antibiotic / Quinolone Caution for use with other Dizziness (3%) Nausea (7%)
(Avelox) once a day IV. This results in inhibition of DNA QTc prolonging drugs and Diarrhea (6%)
replication and translation, DNA repair, corticosteroids. May
recombination and transposition, which aggravate myasthenia gravis
Moxifloxacin HCl 400mg/tab 1 has bactericidal action that results from Treatment of upper & lower Hypersensitivity to GI disturbances (eg nausea,
(Avelox) tab OD for 5 the interference with topoisomerase II resp tract infections eg acute quinolones. Childn, growing vomiting, dyspepsia,
Generic/
Brand Name
abdominal pain); headache,
dizziness; taste perversion;
musculoskeletal effects (eg
sinusitis, acute exacerbations
and IV. Topoisomerases are essential back pain, arthralgia); CVS
of chronic bronchitis,
enzymes which control DNA topology adolescent. Pregnancy, effects (eg tachycardia, HTN);
days community-acquired
and assist in DNA replication, repair and lactation. hematological changes; CNS
pneumonia. Treatment of skin
transcription. disturbances (eg insomnia,
& soft tissue infections.
convulsion); skin reactions
(eg rash, pruritus); visual
disturbances.
GI disturbances (eg nausea,
vomiting, dyspepsia,
abdominal pain); headache,
Treatment of upper & lower
has bactericidal action that results from dizziness; taste perversion;
resp tract infections eg acute
the interference with topoisomerase II Hypersensitivity to musculoskeletal effects (eg
400mg/tab 1 sinusitis, acute exacerbations
Moxifloxacin HCl and IV. Topoisomerases are essential quinolones. Childn, growing back pain, arthralgia); CVS
tab OD for 5 of chronic bronchitis,
(Avelox) enzymes which control DNA topology adolescent. Pregnancy, effects (eg tachycardia, HTN);
days community-acquired
and assist in DNA replication, repair and lactation. hematological changes; CNS
pneumonia. Treatment of skin
transcription. disturbances (eg insomnia,
& soft tissue infections.
convulsion); skin reactions
(eg rash, pruritus); visual
disturbances.
Moxifloxacin HCl 1 drop tid for 4 Hypersensitivity to Transient ocular discomfort,
(Vigamox) days. Treatment of moxifloxacin or to other burning & stinging. Ocular
quinolones. pain, pruritus & hyperemia.
bacterial conjunctivitis. Headache, keratitis,
pharyngitis & subconjunctival
hemorrhage.
Mupirocin ointment Apply up to Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis Primary and secondary skin Hypersensitivity Burning sensation, stinging,
TID for 10 infections including itching, cutaneous
days methicillin-resistant strains sensitization reactions
Short term treatment of post- Occasionally, GI disorder, HA,
Known hypersensitivity to
50~150mg traumatic & post op pain & dizziness, vertigo, rash,
Myonal Nonsteroidal Anti0inflammatory Drugs diclofenac or other NSAIDs,
/day inflammation, dysmenorrheal, elevation of serum
gastric or intestinal ulcer
Myrin 300/150/75 mg Oral chemotherapeutic agent which is Ethambutol may produce
(Ethambutol HCl, tab once a day specially effective against actively decrease in visual acuity
Rifampicin, growing microorganisms of the genus which appear to be due to
Isoniazid) Mycobacterium optic neuritis and to be related
to dose and duration of
treatment. The effects are
generally reversible when
administration of the drug is
discontinued promptly.
Isoniazid: peripheral
neuropathy is the most
common toxic effect. It is
dose-related, occurs most
often in the malnourished and
Generic/
Brand Name
in those predisposed to
neuritis, and is usually
preceded by paresthesias of
the feet and hand. Pyridoxine
has been used successfully
for prophylaxis and treatment
of isoniazid induced
peripheral neuritis. Severe
and sometimes fatal hepatitis
associated with isoniazid
therapy may occur and may
develop even after many
months of treatment. The risk
of developing hepatitis is age-
related and is increased with
daily consumption of alcohol.
Urinary disturbance in the
male, constipation and
dryness of the mouth have
been reported.
Rifampicin: GI disturbances,
headache, drowsiness,
fatigue, menstrual
disturbances, ataxia,
dizziness, fatigue, metal
disturbances. Chronic liver
disease, alcoholism and old
age appear to increase the
incidence of severe hepatic
problems when rifampicin is
given alone or concurrently
with isoniazid
Generic/
Brand Name
been reported.
fatigue, menstrual
with isoniazid
Generic/
Brand Name
been reported.
fatigue, menstrual
with isoniazid
Isoniazid) Mycobacterium optic neuritis and to be
related to dose and duration
of treatment. The effects are
Generic/
Brand Name
of developing hepatitis is
age-related and is increased
with daily consumption of
alcohol. Urinary disturbance
in the male, constipation and
been reported.
fatigue, menstrual
with isoniazid
Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS.
Impaired renal or hepatic Sedation, infrequently
Alters the perception of and response to
Nalbuphine 5 mg IM 0.15- function, biliary tract surgery, sweating, GI upsets, vertigo,
painful stimuli, while producing Opioid Analgesic
(Nubain) 0.2 mg/kg BW impaired respiration, MI, dizziness, dry mouth,
generalized CNS depression. Decrease
labour and delivery headache, allergic reactions
in moderate and severe pain
Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS.
Impaired renal or hepatic Sedation, infrequently
Alters the perception of and response to
Nalbuphine 5 mg IM 0.15- function, biliary tract surgery, sweating, GI upsets, vertigo,
painful stimuli, while producing Opioid Analgesic
(Nubain) 0.2 mg/kg BW impaired respiration, MI, dizziness, dry mouth,
generalized CNS depression. Decrease
labour and delivery headache, allergic reactions
Nalbuphine 5 mg IM 0.15- Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS. Opioid Analgesic Impaired renal or hepatic Sedation, infrequently
(Nubain) 0.2 mg/kg BW Alters the perception of and response to function, biliary tract surgery, sweating, GI upsets, vertigo,
painful stimuli, while producing impaired respiration, MI, dizziness, dry mouth,
generalized CNS depression. Decrease labour and delivery headache, allergic reactions
Nalbuphine 5 mg IM 0.15- Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS. Opioid Analgesic Impaired renal or hepatic Sedation, infrequently
(Nubain) 0.2 mg/kg BW Alters the perception of and response to function, biliary tract surgery, sweating, GI upsets, vertigo,
painful stimuli, while producing impaired respiration, MI, dizziness, dry mouth,
generalized CNS depression. Decrease labour and delivery headache, allergic reactions
Naproxen Na Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by Apirin intolerance, advanced Rash, ringing in the ears,
(Flanax Forte) decreasing the activity of the enzyme For the relief of signs and renal failure, active peptic headaches, dizziness,
cyclooxygenase, which results in symptoms of rheumatoid ulcer drowsiness, abdominal pain,
decreased formation of prostaglandin arthritis, osteoarthritis, nausea, diarrhea,
precursors ankylosing spondylitis, constipation, heartburn, fluid
retention, shortness of breath,
Generic/
Brand Name
stomach and intestinal
juvenile arthritis bleeding and ulcers, black
tarry stools, weakness,
Nasatapp Tab : 1 tab BID Cough & cold preparations Allergic & vasomotor or other HTN, coronary disease. Severe HTN, drowsiness,
(Tab/syrup/drop): Syrup : hyperactive nasal disorders & Concurrent use or use w/in lassitude, nausea, giddiness,
Brompheniramine 1.25~5ml TID acute coryza. Relief of nasal 2weeks of MAOIs. Brain dry mouth, mydriasis,
Maleate 12/4/2mg, Drops : congestion & hypersecretion damage or epilepsy. increased irritability &
Phenylpropanolami 0.5~1ml TID in infants & children up to Premature infants or excitement
ne HCL 12yr neonates.
15/12.5/6.25mg)
Peripheral edema; dizziness,
nausea, transient
Oral: 20,30 mg Potent peripheral vasodilator. Little
Nicardipine hypotension, MI, reflex
Parenteral: 2.5 depression of nodes. Causes reflex Severe aortic stenosis
(Cardepine) tachycardia, pulmonary
mg/mL increase in heart rate and output
edema, fewer myocardial
infarctions, more palpitations
Peripheral edema; dizziness,
nausea, transient
Oral: 20,30 mg Potent peripheral vasodilator. Little
Nicardipine hypotension, MI, reflex
Parenteral: 2.5 depression of nodes. Causes reflex Severe aortic stenosis
(Cardepine) tachycardia, pulmonary
mg/mL increase in heart rate and output
Nicardipine Oral: 20,30 mg Potent peripheral vasodilator. Little Severe aortic stenosis Peripheral edema; dizziness,
(Cardepine) Parenteral: 2.5 depression of nodes. Causes reflex nausea, transient
mg/mL increase in heart rate and output hypotension, MI, reflex
tachycardia, pulmonary
Nicardipine HCl Oral: 20,30 mg Potent peripheral vasodilator. Little Hypertensive emergencies or Severe aortic stenosis. Peripheral edema; dizziness,
(Cardepine) Parenteral: 2.5 depression of nodes. Causes reflex urgencies, periop & post-op Patients who do not have nausea, transient
mg/mL increase in heart rate and output HTN, hypertensive states of complete hemostasis hypotension, MI, reflex
NPO patients following intracranial tachycardia, pulmonary
hemorrhage. Increased edema, fewer myocardial
intracranial pressure during infarctions, more palpitations
acute phase of a stroke
a potassium channel opener with nitrate
moiety and an antianginal agent with a
dual mechanism of action: (1) opens
Hypersensitivity to Headache, abdominal pain,
(KATP) channels in vascular smooth
nicorandil, nicotinamide & chest & back pain, lethargy,
muscle and hence, causes a
nicotinic acid. Cardiogenic infection, vasodilation, flush,
Nicorandil 10mg after hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle Treatment of chronic stable
shock, hypotension & left HTN, palpitation, dyspepsia,
(Aprior) dinner cells, leading to arterial dilatation and angina pectoris.
ventricular failure w/ low nausea, myalgia, dizziness,
afterload reduction; (2) Due to its nitrate
filling pressures, acute MI. vertigo, bronchitis, dyspnea,
moiety, relaxes vascular smooth muscle,
Childn. resp disorder.
particularly in the venous vascular
system, via an increase in intracellular
cyclic GMP.
Nifedipine 10mg TID or Inhibits calcium ion from passing through Hypersensityvity to any Flushing, Edema, Headache,
(Adalat, Calibloc, 30mg OD slow channels on voltage sensitive areas component of nifedipine dizziness, Weakness,
Generic/
Brand Name
tablet or capsule.
Do not use short acting
nifedipine in cases of
(Extended emergency, serious side
of both smooth muscle and myocardium,
release effects such as0020CVD,
Calchek, Nelapine, causing coronary vasodilation, stabilizes transient hypotension
tablets) max syncope, heart block, stroke,
Nifelan) cell membranes. Increases myocardial
120- AMI, etc.), Avoid with
oxygen sypply
180mg/day concurrent intake of
grapefruit juice. Do not
withdraw abruptly in
Hypertensive patients
Hypersensityvity to any
component of nifedipine
tablet or capsule.
10mg TID or Do not use short acting
Inhibits calcium ion from passing through
30mg OD nifedipine in cases of
Nifedipine slow channels on voltage sensitive areas Flushing, Edema, Headache,
(Extended emergency, serious side
(Adalat, Calibloc, of both smooth muscle and myocardium, dizziness, Weakness,
release effects such as0020CVD,
Calchek, Nelapine, causing coronary vasodilation, stabilizes transient hypotension
tablets) max syncope, heart block, stroke,
Nifelan) cell membranes. Increases myocardial
120- AMI, etc.), Avoid with
oxygen sypply
180mg/day concurrent intake of
Nifedipine 10mg TID or Inhibits calcium ion from passing through All forms of HTN; HTN in Hypersensityvity to any Flushing, Edema, Headache,
(Adalat, Calibloc, 30mg OD slow channels on voltage sensitive areas pregnancy; coronary component of nifedipine dizziness, Weakness,
Calchek, Nelapine, (Extended of both smooth muscle and myocardium, insufficiency w/ or w/o angina; tablet or capsule. transient hypotension
Nifelan) release causing coronary vasodilation, stabilizes vasospastic angina, to Do not use short acting
tablets) max cell membranes. Increases myocardial increase heart rate in sinus nifedipine in cases of
120- oxygen sypply bradycardia & sick sinus emergency, serious side
180mg/day syndrome effects such as0020CVD,
syncope, heart block, stroke,
AMI, etc.), Avoid with
concurrent intake of
Nifedipine 10mg TID or Inhibits calcium ion from passing through Hypersensityvity to any Flushing, Edema, Headache,
(Adalat, Calibloc, 30mg OD slow channels on voltage sensitive areas component of nifedipine dizziness, Weakness,
Calchek, Nelapine, (Extended of both smooth muscle and myocardium, tablet or capsule. transient hypotension
Nifelan) release causing coronary vasodilation, stabilizes Do not use short acting
tablets) max cell membranes. Increases myocardial nifedipine in cases of
120- oxygen sypply emergency, serious side
180mg/day effects such as0020CVD,
syncope, heart block, stroke,
AMI, etc.), Avoid with
concurrent intake of
Generic/
Brand Name
Nitroglycerin causes a relaxation of

vascular smooth muscle thereby
inducing a vasodilatation. Both Prophylaxis of angina
peripheral arteries and veins are pectoris. Long-term Acute circulatory failure, transient headache, reflex
relaxed by nitroglycerin. The latter treatment of CHD. severe hypotension, tachycardia, postural
Nitroglycerine
effect promotes venous pooling of Treatment of chronic heart acute MI. Avoid sildenafil, hypotension, nausea,
blood and decreases venous return to failure in combination w/ tadalafil, vardenafil dizziness, allergy.
the heart, thereby reducing ventricular digitalis &/or diuretics.
end-diastolic pressure and volume
(preload).
Ofloxacin 200mg IV Blocks bacterial DNA synthesis by Lower respiratory tract Hypersensitivity to GI effects, neurological
(Inoflox) every 8 hours inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II infections, skin, and skin quinolones, Pregnancy and reactions, superinfection,
(DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV structure infections, lactation. Children. tendenitis
prostatitis, STD, Acute
uncomplicatied gonorrhea,
Typhoid fever, Shigella
enteritis
Ofloxacin 200mg IV Blocks bacterial DNA synthesis by Lower respiratory tract Hypersensitivity to GI effects, neurological
(Inoflox) every 8 hours inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II infections, skin, and skin quinolones, Pregnancy and reactions, superinfection,
(DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV structure infections, lactation. Children. tendenitis
prostatitis, STD, Acute
uncomplicatied gonorrhea,
Typhoid fever, Shigella
enteritis
Olmesartan 20mg-40mg Dizziness, vertigo,
Hypersensitivity
medoxomil OD hypotension, angina pectoris,
Blocks the vasoconstrictor and Hepatic impairment
(Olmetec) bronchitis, cough, pharyngitis,
aldosterone secreting effects of Severe renal impairment
rhinitis, abdominal pain,
angiotensin II by selectively blocking the Treatment of essential Primary aldosteronism
diarrhea, dyspepsia,
binding of the angiotensin II to the hypertension Pregnancy & lactation
gastroenteritis, nausea, rash,
angiotensin I receptor in the vascular Biliary obstruction
arthritis, back pain., skeletal
smooth muscle. Children & adolescents up to
pain, hematuria, UTI, chest
18yrs of age
pain, fatigue, hypersensitivity
Omeprazole 20mg OD Suppresses gastric acid secretion by Presence of significant Headache, diarrhea,
(Losec, inhibiting the parietal cell H+/K+ ATP Duodenal ulcer,prevention of unintentional weight loss, constipation, abdominal pain,
Mepracid,Hovizol) pump relapse of duodenal ulcer, recurrent vomiting, nausea, vomiting, flatulence.
gastric ulcer and reflux dysphagia, hematemesis or
esophagitis, poorly melena.
responsive gastric
ulcer,dyspepsia.
OMX Probiotics 2~10 cap per Normalizes the micro flora (lactic acid Effective in vitro against the
Probiotics 12+ day bacteria) in the intestinal tract, most virulent pathogens
Generic/
Brand Name
including:
MRSA - the Methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus
Reestablishes the colon's optimum pH aureus superbug,
level and Probiotics 12 plus, Suppresses E coli-157 (cause of food
the growth of bad bacteria, stimulates the poisoning),
Professional
immune system, fortifies the body's Bacillus cereus (cause of
Formula
ability to absorb nutrients, provides intestinal anthrax),
complex B vitamins, antioxidants, H. pylori (the cause of peptic
minerals & amino acids. ulcers), and
L clostridium, that results in
morning sickness, migraine
and cluster headaches.
Effective in vitro against the
most virulent pathogens
including:
Normalizes the micro flora (lactic acid MRSA - the Methicillin-
bacteria) in the intestinal tract, resistant Staphylococcus
Reestablishes the colon's optimum pH aureus superbug,
OMX Probiotics
level and Probiotics 12 plus, Suppresses E coli-157 (cause of food
Probiotics 12+ 2~10 cap per
the growth of bad bacteria, stimulates the poisoning),
Professional day
immune system, fortifies the body's Bacillus cereus (cause of
Formula
ability to absorb nutrients, provides intestinal anthrax),
complex B vitamins, antioxidants, H. pylori (the cause of peptic
minerals & amino acids. ulcers), and
Professional Reestablishes the colon's optimum pH including:
Formula level and Probiotics 12 plus, Suppresses MRSA - the Methicillin-
the growth of bad bacteria, stimulates the resistant Staphylococcus
immune system, fortifies the body's aureus superbug,
ability to absorb nutrients, provides E coli-157 (cause of food
complex B vitamins, antioxidants, poisoning),
minerals & amino acids. Bacillus cereus (cause of
intestinal anthrax),
H. pylori (the cause of peptic
ulcers), and
Professional Reestablishes the colon's optimum pH including:
Formula level and Probiotics 12 plus, Suppresses MRSA - the Methicillin-
the growth of bad bacteria, stimulates the resistant Staphylococcus
immune system, fortifies the body's ability aureus superbug,
Generic/
Brand Name
to absorb nutrients, provides complex B E coli-157 (cause of food
vitamins, antioxidants, minerals & amino poisoning),
acids. Bacillus cereus (cause of
intestinal anthrax),
H. pylori (the cause of peptic
ulcers), and
Soln After
morning &
evening meals,
gargle or rinse
mouth for 30-
60 sec w/ 1
tbsp of
undiluted soln
(do not
swallow). If
continued
Orofar Isolated cases of skin rash;
treatment is
(Benzoxonium Cl Pregnancy & lactation. Not occasional & transient cases
indicated, the
0.5 mg, lidocaine for childn <4 yr of mild local irritation
soln may be
HCl 0.5 mg)
used more
often or may
be replaced by
loz during the
day. Childn >4
yr Dose should
be reduced.
Max: 6 loz/day.
Use only 1 tsp
of soln to rinse
or gargle
Orofar Soln After Pregnancy & lactation. Not Isolated cases of skin rash;
(Benzoxonium Cl morning & for childn <4 yr occasional & transient cases
0.5 mg, lidocaine evening meals, of mild local irritation
HCl 0.5 mg) gargle or rinse
mouth for 30-
60 sec w/ 1
tbsp of
undiluted soln
(do not
swallow). If
continued
treatment is
indicated, the
soln may be
used more
Generic/
Brand Name
often or may
be replaced by
loz during the
day. Childn >4
yr Dose should
be reduced.
Max: 6 loz/day.
Use only 1 tsp
of soln to rinse
or gargle
Orofar Soln After Pregnancy & lactation. Not Isolated cases of skin rash;
(Benzoxonium Cl morning & for childn <4 yr occasional & transient cases
0.5 mg, lidocaine evening meals, of mild local irritation
HCl 0.5 mg) gargle or rinse
mouth for 30-
60 sec w/ 1
tbsp of
undiluted soln
(do not
swallow). If
continued
treatment is
indicated, the
soln may be
used more
often or may
be replaced by
loz during the
day. Childn >4
yr Dose should
be reduced.
Max: 6 loz/day.
Use only 1 tsp
of soln to rinse
or gargle
Orofar Soln After morning & evening meals, gargle or rinse mouth Pregnancy & lactation. Not Isolated cases of skin rash;
(Benzoxonium Cl for 30-60 sec w/ 1 tbsp of undiluted soln (do not swallow). If for childn <4 yr occasional & transient cases
0.5 mg, lidocaine continued treatment is indicated, the soln may be used of mild local irritation
HCl 0.5 mg) more often or may be replaced by loz during the day.
Childn >4 yr Dose should be reduced. Max: 6 loz/day. Use
only 1 tsp of soln to rinse or gargle
Orphenadrine 150mg/ml Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Pyrexia of unknown origin. Anemia, cardiac & Hematological, skin & other
citrate + 2~3ml every 4 the CNS & peripherally blocks pain Fever & pain associated with pulmonary disease. Hepatic allergic reactions
Paracetamol hours for adult impulse generation; produces antipyresis common childhood disorders, or severe renal disease
& other conditions.
Generic/
Brand Name
& toothacke
Orphenadrine 50mg/650mg/t Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Acute, chronic muscular Glaucoma, myasthenia Nausea, dry mouth, blurred
citrate+Paracetamo ab the CNS & peripherally blocks pain conditions, non-articular gravis, prostatic vision, dizziness &
l 1-2tab TID impulse generation; produces antipyresis rheumatism, whiplash injury, hyperthropy, bladder neck restlessness
(Norgesic Forte) from inhibition of hypothalamic heart- acute torticollis, tension obstruction
regulating center headache, dysmenorrhea.
Documented
Xerostomia, tachycardia,
Oxytocin vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can hyperactive patterns; labor
Documented
Xerostomia, tachycardia,
Oxytocin vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can hyperactive patterns; labor
Oxytocin Produces rhythmic uterine contractions For induction of stimulation of Documented Xerostomia, tachycardia,
(Syntocinon) and can stimulate the gravid uterus; has labor, control of postpartum hypersensitivity; pregnant urinary retention, allergic
vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can uterine bleeding, treatment of patients with severe reactions, skin reactions
control postpartum bleeding or incomplete or inevitable toxemia, unfavorable fetal
hemorrhage by increasing postpartum abortion positions, and a contracting
myometrial tonus uterus with hypertonic or
hyperactive patterns; labor
in which vaginal delivery
should be avoided, such as
invasive cervical carcinoma,
Generic/
Brand Name
Oxytocin Produces rhythmic uterine contractions Documented hypersensitivity; Xerostomia, tachycardia,
(Syntocinon) and can stimulate the gravid uterus; has pregnant patients with severe urinary retention, allergic
vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can toxemia, unfavorable fetal reactions, skin reactions
control postpartum bleeding or positions, and a contracting
hemorrhage by increasing postpartum uterus with hypertonic or
myometrial tonus hyperactive patterns; labor in
which vaginal delivery should
be avoided, such as invasive
cervical carcinoma, cord
presentation or prolapse,
active herpes genitalis, total
placenta previa, and vasa
previa
Pancreatin corrects the fermentative and
putrefactive process that are the main
Hypersensitivity reactions
Pankreatoflat causes of pathological formation of gas.
170/80 mg tab have been reported; these
(Pancreatin, Activated dimethylpolysiloxane
OD may be sneezing, lacrimation
dimethicone) eliminates foam, facilitating the
or skin rashes
absorption of pathological accumulation
of gas in the intestine
Pancreatin corrects the fermentative and
putrefactive process that are the main
Hypersensitivity reactions
Pankreatoflat causes of pathological formation of gas.
170/80 mg tab have been reported; these
(Pancreatin, Activated dimethylpolysiloxane
OD may be sneezing, lacrimation
dimethicone) eliminates foam, facilitating the
or skin rashes
Pankreatoflat 170/80 mg tab Pancreatin corrects the fermentative and Hypersensitivity reactions
(Pancreatin, OD putrefactive process that are the main have been reported; these
dimethicone) causes of pathological formation of gas. may be sneezing, lacrimation
Activated dimethylpolysiloxane or skin rashes
eliminates foam, facilitating the
Pankreatoflat 170/80 mg tab Pancreatin corrects the fermentative and Hypersensitivity reactions
(Pancreatin, OD putrefactive process that are the main have been reported; these
dimethicone) causes of pathological formation of gas. may be sneezing, lacrimation
Activated dimethylpolysiloxane eliminates or skin rashes
foam, facilitating the absorption of
pathological accumulation of gas in the
intestine
Pantoprazole 20-40mg 1x a Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase pump in parietal Proton Pump Inhibitor Safety and efficacy not Chest pain (I.V. < or =6%),
(Ulcepraz, day cells, inhibiting acid secretion. Also established beyond 16 Pain, migraine, anxiety,
Pantoloc) reduces in-vitro counts of H. pylori by weeks. Prolonged treatment dizziness, headache (I.V.
Generic/
Brand Name
infection
Chest pain (I.V. < or =6%),
Pain, migraine, anxiety,
dizziness, headache (I.V.
>1%) Rash (I.V. 6%), pruritus
short-term treatment of (I.V. 4%) Hyperglycemia
erosive esophagitis (1%), hyperlipidemia,
associated with Diarrhea (4%), constipation,
gastroesophageal reflux dyspepsia, gastroenteritis,
1 tab BID, 30 disease (GERD); nausea, rectal disorder,
Safety and efficacy not
minutes before Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase pump in parietal maintenance treatment of vomiting, abdominal pain (I.V.
Pantoprazole established beyond 16
meals for 2 cells, inhibiting acid secretion. Also erosive esophagitis, the 12%), Urinary frequency,
(Ulcepraz, weeks. Prolonged treatment
weeks, then 1 reduces in-vitro counts of H. pylori by treatment of duodenal and urinary tract infection, Liver
Pantoloc) may lead to Vit B12
tab once a day more than 4x at pH of 4 gastric ulcers, the prevention function test abnormality,
malabsorption
for 2 weeks of gastro-duodenal damage in increased SGPT Injection site
patients taking NSAIDs, and pain (>1%) Weakness, back
as adjunctive therapy with pain, neck pain, arthralgia,
antibiotics for the eradication hypertonia, Bronchitis,
of Helicobacter pylori. increased cough, dyspnea,
infection
Generic/
Brand Name
infection
infection
Generic/
Brand Name
infection
Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in
Paracetamol
the CNS & peripherally blocks pain Anemia, cardiac &
500mg/tab 1 Relief of fever, minor aches & Allergic skin reaction & GI
impulse generation; produces antipyresis pulmonary disease. Hepatic
tab for pains disturbances
from inhibition of hypothalamic heart- or severe renal disease
headache
regulating center
500mg/tab
Paracetamol every 4hours
for Relief of fever, minor aches & Allergic skin reaction & GI
temperature pains disturbances
≥37.8ºC
regulating center
500mg/tab,
Paracetamol 250mg/5ml Relief of fever, minor aches & Allergic skin reaction & GI
(Biogesic) 250~500mg pains disturbances
every 3~6hrs
regulating center
500mg/tab,
every 3~6hrs
regulating center
Paracetamol
250mg/5ml Relief of fever, minor aches & Allergic skin reaction & GI
every 4 hours pains disturbances
regulating center
500mg/tab,
every 3~6hrs
regulating center
Paracetamol 500mg/tab, Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Relief of fever, minor aches & Anemia, cardiac & Allergic skin reaction & GI
(Biogesic) 250mg/5ml the CNS & peripherally blocks pain pains pulmonary disease. Hepatic disturbances
250~500mg impulse generation; produces antipyresis or severe renal disease
every 3~6hrs from inhibition of hypothalamic heart-
regulating center
Paracetamol 500mg/tab, Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Relief of fever, minor aches & Anemia, cardiac & Allergic skin reaction & GI
(Biogesic) 250mg/5ml the CNS & peripherally blocks pain pains pulmonary disease. Hepatic disturbances
250~500mg impulse generation; produces antipyresis or severe renal disease
every 3~6hrs from inhibition of hypothalamic heart-
regulating center
Paracetamol 500mg/tab, Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Relief of fever, minor aches & Anemia, cardiac & pulmonary Allergic skin reaction & GI
Generic/
Brand Name
(Biogesic) 250mg/5ml the CNS & peripherally blocks pain pains disease. Hepatic or severe disturbances
250~500mg impulse generation; produces antipyresis renal disease
every 3~6hrs from inhibition of hypothalamic heat-
regulating center
Paracetamol 150mg/ml Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Pyrexia of unknown origin. Anemia, cardiac & pulmonary Hematological, skin & other
2~3ml every 4 the CNS & peripherally blocks pain Fever & pain associated with disease. Hepatic or severe allergic reactions
hours for adult impulse generation; produces antipyresis common childhood disorders, renal disease
& other conditions.
sinusitis, muscle pain,
arthritis & toothacke
Paracetamol 150mg/ml Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Pyrexia of unknown origin. Anemia, cardiac & Hematological, skin & other
(Aeknil) 2~3ml every 4 the CNS & peripherally blocks pain Fever & pain associated with pulmonary disease. Hepatic allergic reactions
hours for adult impulse generation; produces antipyresis common childhood disorders, or severe renal disease
& other conditions.
& toothache
Perindopril 2, 8 mg/tab ACE inhibitor Essential hypertension, CHF. Hypersensitivity, pregnancy Headaches, dizziness,
(Coversyl) Prevention of stroke and lactation cramps, dry cough
recurrence, history of CVD
Perindropril Adult: As Perindopril is a prodrug of perindoprilat, Hypertension, Heart Failure, History of angioedema Headache, dizziness, sleep
erbumine: which is a competitive ACE inhibitor. Stable Ischemic Heart related to previous ACE disorders, depression, fever,
Initially, 4 mg Perindoprilat prevents conversion of Disease inhibitor treatment. nervousness, somnolence;
once daily. 1st angiotensin I to angiotensin II. It acts as Pregnancy (2nd/3rd cough, upper respiratory tract
dose a vasodilator and it reduces peripheral trimesters). infection, sinusitis, rhinitis,
preferably resistance. pharyngitis; oedema, chest
given at pain, abnormal ECG,
bedtime. palpitation; rash;
Patients hyperkalaemia, elevated
with renovascu triglycerides, menstrual
lar disorder; nausea, diarrhoea,
hypertension, vomiting, dyspepsia,
volume abdominal pain, flatulence:
depletion, UTI, sexual dysfunction;
severe increased LFTs; weakness,
hypertension: musculoskeletal pain, upper
Initially, 2 mg and lower extremity pain,
once daily. hypertonia, paraesthesia;
Max: 8 mg proteinuria; tinnitus, ear
daily. Patients infection; viral infection,
Generic/
Brand Name
on diuretics: allergy.
Withdraw
diuretics 2 or 3
days before
perindropil
therapy.
Resume later if
required. If
diuretic cannot
be
discontinued,
an initial dose
of 2 mg once
daily may be
given.
Elderly: As
erbumine:
Initially, 2 mg
once daily.
May be
progressively
increased to 4
mg after 1 mth
then to 8 mg if
needed
according to
renal function.
Respiratory depression,
Head injury, increased circulatory depression, resp.
Exert its analegic effects by the same intracranial pressure, acurte arrest, shock, cardiac arrest,
Pethidine HCl For moderate to severe pain,
25 mg IV mechanism as morphine, by acting as an asthma, atrial flutter, GI disturbance. Dizziness,
(Demerol) pre op medication, analgesia
agonist at the u-opioid receptor. convulsive disorders, acute sedation, headache,
abdominal conditions dysphoria, tremor, agitation,
hallucination, disorientation
Respiratory depression,
Head injury, increased circulatory depression, resp.
Exert its analegic effects by the same intracranial pressure, acurte arrest, shock, cardiac arrest,
Pethidine HCl For moderate to severe pain,
25 mg IV mechanism as morphine, by acting as an asthma, atrial flutter, GI disturbance. Dizziness,
(Demerol) pre op medication, analgesia
agonist at the u-opioid receptor. convulsive disorders, acute sedation, headache,
abdominal conditions dysphoria, tremor, agitation,
Pethidine HCl 25 mg IV Exert its analegic effects by the same For moderate to severe pain, Head injury, increased Respiratory depression,
(Demerol) mechanism as morphine, by acting as an pre op medication, analgesia intracranial pressure, acurte circulatory depression, resp.
agonist at the u-opioid receptor. asthma, atrial flutter, arrest, shock, cardiac arrest,
convulsive disorders, acute GI disturbance. Dizziness,
abdominal conditions sedation, headache,
dysphoria, tremor, agitation,
Pethidine HCl 25 mg IV Exert its analegic effects by the same For moderate to severe pain, Head injury, increased Respiratory depression,
Generic/
Brand Name
(Demerol) mechanism as morphine, by acting as an pre op medication, analgesia intracranial pressure, acurte circulatory depression, resp.
agonist at the u-opioid receptor. asthma, atrial flutter, arrest, shock, cardiac arrest,
convulsive disorders, acute GI disturbance. Dizziness,
abdominal conditions sedation, headache,
dysphoria, tremor, agitation,
Pethidine or 50 to 150 mg acting as an agonist at the μ-opioid for the treatment of moderate in patients who are receiving constipation, dry mouth,
meperidine every three receptor. to severe pain monoamine oxidase (MAO) lightheadedness, twitchiness,
(Demerol) hours it has local anesthetic activity related to inhibitors or those who have muscular twitches, and
its interactions with sodium ion channels. recently received such nausea
agents
Pethidine or 50 to 150 mg acting as an agonist at the μ-opioid for the treatment of moderate in patients who are receiving constipation, dry mouth,
meperidine every three receptor. to severe pain monoamine oxidase (MAO) lightheadedness, twitchiness,
(Demerol) hours it has local anesthetic activity related to inhibitors or those who have muscular twitches, and
its interactions with sodium ion channels. recently received such nausea
agents
by promoting sodium efflux from
neurons, phenytoin tends to stabilize the
threshold against hyperexcitability in patients who have
caused by excessive stimulation or indicated for the control of experienced phenytoin
environmental changes capable of generalized tonic-clonic hypersensitivity; caution Headache, nausea, vomiting,
reducing membrane sodium gradient. (grand mal) and complex should be exercised if using constipation, dizziness,
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
This includes the reduction of posttetanic partial (psychomotor, structurally similar drowsiness, trouble sleeping,
potentiation at synapses. Loss of temporal lobe) seizures and compounds (e.g., or nervousness may occur,
posttetanic potentiation prevents cortical prevention and treatment of barbiturates, succinimides, may cause swelling and
100mg cap
seizure foci from detonating adjacent seizures occurring during or oxazolidinediones, and other bleeding of the gums
TID
cortical areas. Phenytoin reduces the following neurosurgery related compounds) in these
maximal activity of brain stem centers same patients.
responsible for the tonic phase of tonic-
clonic (grand mal) seizures.
Phenytoin (Dilantin) 100mg/cap Limits seizure activity by stabilizing Tonic-clonic (Grand mal) and Hypersensitivity. Sinus GI disturbances, ataxia,
neuronal membranes of hyper excitable psychomotor seizures bradycardia, impaired slurred speece, diplopia,
cells through decreasing influx of sodium (complex partial), seizure hepatic function, abrupt nystagmus, mental confusion
during action potential, influx of calcium occurring during or following withdrawal. Porphyria. with headache, hirsutism,
is also decreased. It delayes outward neurosurgery dizziness, gingival
potassium current leading to increased hyperplasia
refractory period.
Pinaverium Symptomatic treatment of pain, transit Symptomatic treatment of Pregnancy and lactation Rare cases of minor GI
bromide (Eldicet) disorders and intestinal discomfort pain, transit disorders and disturbances; isolated cases
related to functional intestinal intestinal discomfort related to of undersirable cutaneous
disturbances; symptomatic treatment of functional intestinal effects, one of which is of
pain related to functional disturbances of disturbances; symptomatic allergic etiology.
the biliary tract, preparation for a barium treatment of pain related to
enema functional disturbances of the
biliary tract, preparation for a
barium enema
Piperacillin – Range: 3.375g Anti pseudomonal penicillin plus beta- For severe infections, Allergy to penicillins, Diarrhea, constipation,
Tazobactam IV q6hr, or lactamase inhibitor; inhibits biosynthesis nosocomial pneumonia, cephalosporins, imipinem, headache, insomnia, nausea,
(Razocin) 4.5g IV q6-8hr; of cell wall mucopeptide synthesis by diverticulitis/inta abdominal beta lactamase inhibitors fever, oral candidiasis, rash,
Generic/
Brand Name
Risk of bleeding
not to exceed complications, especially in
18g/day renal impairment;
Skin & Soft abscess/peritonitis, discontinue if
binding to 1 or more of the penicillin- vomiting, dyspepsia, pruritus,
Tissue complicated intra abdominal thrombocytopenia or
binding proteins and is effective during pain, hypertension,
Infection: infection; skin and soft tissue bleeding occurs.
active multiplication stage. leucopenia, thrombocytopenia
3.375g IV q6- infection Monitor renal, hepatic and
8hr for 7-14 especially hematopoietic
days functions during prolonged
treatment.
Piracetam 4.8-6gm/day Adjunct in the treatment of myoclonus of CVA, cerebral circulatory Severe renal insufficiency, Nervousness, agitation,
cortical origin, dementia, alcoholism, insufficiency, chronic cerebral hemorrhage, end irritability, anxiety, sleep
vertigo, CVA, behavioral disorders in manifestations of CVA or stage renal disease. disturbances.
children, after trauma or surgery. cerebral atherosclerosis,
post-traumatic syndromes
325 mg/tab or hemophilia and is not
Plavix and platelet aggregation inhibition; thromboembolic disorder; hypersensitivity and
80 mg/tab recommended to infants <1
reduces fever by aacting on the brain’s prevention of MI & stroke thrombocytopenia may occur
are dehydrated
Dyspeptic symptom complex
associated with delayed
gastric emptying, GERD,
esophagitis eg epigastric
Peripheral dopamine receptor blocking
sense of fullness, early
properties. It increase esophageal GI hemorrhage, mechanical Rarely, increased prolactin
satiety, feeling of abdominal
peristalsis and increase lower obstruction or perforation; in levels. GI disorders.
distention, upper abdominal
10mg, 1mg/ml esophageal sphincter pressure, increase patients w/ prolactin- Very rarely, transient
Polynerve pain; bloating, erucation,
1tab TID gastric motility and peristalsis and releasing pituitary tumor intestinal cramps.
enhances gastroduodenal coordination, (prolactinoma). Known Galactorrhea. Gynecomastia.
therefore, facilitating gastric emptying intolerance to the drug. Amenorrhea.
and decrease small bowel transit time
Polynerve supplementation Prevention & treatment of
deficiency disorders following
poor dietary intake .
Potassium citrate 1080 mg / Inhibitor of crystallization; used in Treatment of patients with Patients with altered Slight gastrointestinal
(Acalka) Tablet TID treatment of patients with renal lithiasis renal lithisis & hypocitraturia, potassium excretion disorders may appear which
and hypocitraturia, chronic formers of chornic formers of Ca mechanism, can be palliated by means of
calcium oxalate, phosphate calculi; uric oxalate, phosphate calculi. hyperpotassemia may concomitant administration
Generic/
Brand Name
Uric acid lithiasis alone alone appear. In patients with
acid lithiasis alone or accompanied by or accompanied by Ca renal insufficiency, an
calcium lithiasis, and renal tubular lithiasis. Renal tubular increased risk of with food.
acidosis with calcium nephrolithiasis. acidosis with Ca appearance of
nephrolithiasis. hyperpotassemia
Treatment of patients with Patients with altered
Inhibitor of crystallization; used in renal lithisis & hypocitraturia, potassium excretion
treatment of patients with renal lithiasis chornic formers of Ca mechanism, Slight gastrointestinal
and hypocitraturia, chronic formers of oxalate, phosphate calculi. hyperpotassemia may disorders may appear which
Potassium citrate 1080 mg /
calcium oxalate, phosphate calculi; uric Uric acid lithiasis alone alone appear. In patients with can be palliated by means of
(Acalka) Tablet TID
acid lithiasis alone or accompanied by or accompanied by Ca renal insufficiency, an concomitant administration
calcium lithiasis, and renal tubular lithiasis. Renal tubular increased risk of with food.
acidosis with calcium nephrolithiasis. acidosis with Ca appearance of
acid lithiasis alone or accompanied by Uric acid lithiasis alone alone appear. In patients with with food.
calcium lithiasis, and renal tubular or accompanied by Ca renal insufficiency, an
acidosis with calcium nephrolithiasis. lithiasis. Renal tubular increased risk of
acidosis with Ca appearance of
acid lithiasis alone or accompanied by Uric acid lithiasis alone alone appear. In patients with renal with food.
calcium lithiasis, and renal tubular or accompanied by Ca insufficiency, an increased
acidosis with calcium nephrolithiasis. lithiasis. Renal tubular risk of appearance of
acidosis with Ca hyperpotassemia
nephrolithiasis.
Prednisolone 1 drop every Decreases inflammation by suppression Steroid responsive Acute, untreated purulent Increase intraocular pressure
acetate two hours on of PMN’s and reversal of increased inflammation of the palpebral occular infections. Acute with optic nerve damage and
(PREDFORTE ) the left eye capillary permeability and bulbar, cornea and superficial herpes simplex, visual field defects. Posterior
anterior segment varicella and most other viral subcapsular cataract
diseases of the cornea and formation secondary ocular
conjuctiva infection from fungi or viruses
Prednisone Is a synthetic steroid which is easily In some cases, include Gastric and duodenal ulcers. Gastric and duodenal
absorbed from the GIT. It has an pericarditis, idiopathic, Systemic fungal infections. ulceration with prolonged use.
antiallergenic, antitoxic, antipyretic and postmyocardial infarction. Glaucoma. Hypersensitivity
immunosuppressive properties. to glucocorticoids.
Propranolol 10 or 40 non-cardioselective β-blocker that Symptomatic treatment of 2nd or 3rd degree AV block Cardiovascular effects incl
(Inderal) mg/tab competitively blocks β1- and β2-receptors situational and generalised (without pacemaker), severe bradycardia, postural
resulting in decreased heart rate, anxiety. bradycardia, sick sinus hypotension; rarely, heart
myocardial contractility, BP and Also indicated for: syndrome, uncontrolled failure, increased AV block,
myocardial oxygen demand. It has Angina heart failure, cardiogenic arrhythmias, Raynaud's
membrane-stabilising properties. Arrhythmias shock, severe peripheral phenomenon, cold
Generic/
Brand Name
extremities, sexual
dysfunction. GI, sleep and
CNS disturbances. Dyspnoea;
arterial disease,
rarely, bronchospasm. Skin
Hypertension hypotension, metabolic
reactions-withdraw if
MI, LVD acidosis, untreated
unexplained dry eyes or rash.
Migraine phaeochromocytoma,
Fatigue, paraesthesia,
history of bronchospasm,
peripheral neuropathy,
asthma or COPD.
arthralgia, myopathy. Altered
blood sugar, haematology
and lipid levels.
Prozine 20mg/kg, max organism; inhibit relaxation of scratch disease, chancroid, disturbances. Rash, pruritus,
Ciprofloxacin HCl 750mg BID supercoiled DNA and promotes exacerbations of cystic elevated liver enzyme values,
infections
Prozine 20mg/kg, max organism; inhibit relaxation of scratch disease, chancroid, disturbances. Rash, pruritus,
Ciprofloxacin HCl 750mg BID supercoiled DNA and promotes exacerbations of cystic elevated liver enzyme values,
infections
Prozine 500mg / tab Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible Gram negative infection. Pregnancy & lactation, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
Ciprofloxacin HCl Cystic fibrosis organism; inhibit relaxation of Treatment of wide range of methicillin-resistant S.aureus abdominal pain, dyspepsia.
20mg/kg, max supercoiled DNA and promotes infections including anthrax, infections Headache, dizziness,
750mg BID breakage of double-stranded DNA biliary tract infection, bone & restlessness, tremor,
Generic/
Brand Name
Prozine 500mg / tab Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible Gram negative infection. Pregnancy & lactation, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
Ciprofloxacin HCl Cystic fibrosis organism; inhibit relaxation of supercoiled Treatment of wide range of methicillin-resistant S.aureus abdominal pain, dyspepsia.
20mg/kg, max DNA and promotes breakage of double- infections including anthrax, infections Headache, dizziness,
750mg BID stranded DNA biliary tract infection, bone & restlessness, tremor,
Rabeprazole 20mg/tab OD Suppresses gastric secretion by For treatment of active Hypersensitivity to sodium Headache, diarrhea,
(Pariet) inhibiting hydrogen/potassium ATPase duodenal ulcer, beinign rabeprazole, substituted abdominal pain, asthenia,
enzyme system in gastric parietal cell; gastric ulcer, anastomotic benzimidazoles or to any flatulence, rash and dry
characterized as gastric pump inhibitor ulcer, symptomatic erosive or excipient used in mouth, insomnia, infection,
since it blocks finals step of acid ulcerative GERD, GERD formulation. Pregnancy and dizziness, cough, pharyngitis,
production. maintenance, eradication of lactation. rhinitis, diarrhea,
H. pylori in patients with PUD, vomiting,nausea,
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome constipation, non-specific
(ZES) and other pathological pain, back pain, flu-like
hypersecretory conditions syndrome.
Racecadotril hemophilia and is not Gastric hemorrhage,
(Hydrasec) recommended to infants <1 hypersensitivity and
year. Caution is necessary thrombocytopenia may occur
are dehydrated.
Racecadotril 100-mg cap Hidrasec is an inhibitor of enkephalinase, For the treatment of acute Known hypersensitivity to A few cases of drowsiness
(Hidrasec) 1.5 mg/kg per the enzyme responsible for breaking diarrhea. racecadotril. Renal or have been reported during
dose, with 1 down enkephalins. It is a selective but
initial dose and reversible inhibitor and protects hepatic impairment. clinical trials. Nausea and
3 doses endogenous enkephalins which are vomiting, constipation,
spread over physiologically active in the digestive
the day. tract. dizziness and headaches
Children >9 Hidrasec has a pure intestinal have also been reported
years (approx antisecretory agent which has been rarely. The side effects have
>27 kg): 2 shown to have no effect on GI motility. It
Generic/
Brand Name
sachets/dose; reduces intestinal hypersecretion of been mild, and equivalent in
30 months - 9 water and electrolytes caused by cholera nature, frequency and
years (approx toxin or inflammation without affecting
13-27 kg): 1 basal secretion. There is therefore no intensity to those reported
sachet/dose; effect in the normal intestine. with placebo. Post-marketing
9-30 months
(approx 9-13 surveillance has indicated
kg): 2 side effects to be extremely
sachets/dose; rare in general use.
1-9 months: 1
sachet.dose.
Symptomatic hypotension,
HTN. CHF. Treatment of History of angioneurotic
cardiac arrhythmias, ,
patients who w/in the 1st few edema; renal artery
disturbances due to vascular
days after an acute MI have stenosis, relevant left
stenoses, myocardial or
demonstrated clinical signs of ventricular inflow or outflow
cerebral ischemia, renal
CHF. Prevention of MI, stroke obstruction, concomitant use
potent and long-acting angiotensin- failure, hyperkalemia,
Ramipril or CV death & reduction of of certain high-flux dialysis
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, hyponatremia, angioneurotic
(Tritace) need for revascularization membranes or low density
5mg/tab OD results in a vasodilatation and, especially edema,conjunctivitis, pruritus,
procedures in patients w/ lipoprotein apheresis w/
in hypertensive patients, in a reduction of urticaria, photosensitivity,
increased CV risk eg manifest dextran sulfate. Significant
blood pressure alopecia, onycholysis,
CHD (w/ or w/o a history of unilateral renal artery
Raynaud's phenomenon,
MI), a history of stroke, or a stenosis in the single kidney.
increased likelihood of
history of vascular disease. Pregnancy & lactation.
anaphylactoid reactions to
Prevention of MI, stroke or Hypersensitivity to other
other substances, GI
CV death in diabetic patients. ACE inhibitors.
reactions
Inhibits action of histamine at the H2 Renal impairment, hepatic
Ranitidine Histamine H2 Antagonist, Headache, dizziness, nausea
50mg SIV TID receptor site located primarily in the impairment, pregnancy,
(Ulcin / Zantac) Antiulcer and vomiting
gastric parietal cells lactation, or children
Inhibits action of histamine at the H2 Renal impairment, hepatic
Ranitidine Histamine H2 Antagonist, Headache, dizziness, nausea
50mg SIV TID receptor site located primarily in the impairment, pregnancy,
(Ulcin / Zantac) Antiulcer and vomiting
Ranitidine 50mg SIV TID Inhibits action of histamine at the H2 Histamine H2 Antagonist, Renal impairment, hepatic Headache, dizziness, nausea
(Ulcin / Zantac) receptor site located primarily in the Antiulcer impairment, pregnancy, and vomiting
Ranitidine 50mg SIV TID Inhibits action of histamine at the H2 Histamine H2 Antagonist, Renal impairment, hepatic Headache, dizziness, nausea
(Ulcin / Zantac) receptor site located primarily in the Antiulcer impairment, pregnancy, and vomiting
Rebamipide 100 mg tid, in Rebamipide is a mucosal protective Peptic Ulcer, Gastritis Lactation. Rash, pruritus, constipation,
the morning, agent and is postulated to increase diarrhoea, nausea.
evening and gastric blood flow, prostaglandin
before bed. biosynthesis and decrease free oxygen
radicals.
Remabamipide Adult: 100 mg Rebamipide is a mucosal protective Peptic ulcer, Gastritis Lactation Rash, pruritus, constipation,
tid, in the agent and is postulated to increase diarrhoea, nausea
morning, gastric blood flow, prostaglandin
evening and biosynthesis and decrease free oxygen
before bed. radicals.
Generic/
Brand Name
Renogen 2,000 u/ml Hypersensitivity to mammalian cell- Hematopeitic growth factor Hypertension, partial or Anemia associated with renal
derived products & to albumin, complete clotting at the site insufficiency or chronic renal
uncontrolled hypertension of vascular access, seizures, failure, for the reduction of
increased potassium, BUN, allogenic blood transfusions in
creatinine, arthralgia, surgery patients.
asthenia, chest pain,
diarrhea, edema, headache,
nausea, tachycardia,
vomiting
Acute and chronic psychoses Insomnia, agitation, anxiety,
including 1st episode headache, somnolence,
Risperdal (Quicklet psychoses and other fatigue, dizziness, impaired
2 mg/tab Atypical antipsychotic hypersensitivity
tab) psychotic conditions in which conc, constipation, dyspepsia,
positive and/or negative nausea, vomiting, abdominal
symptoms are prominent. pain.
hypersensitive to drug or its
components and in those
Headache, asthenia, fatigue,
who have experienced
dizziness, hypertension, leg
asthma, urticaria, allergic
edema, sinusitis, diarrhea,
Produces anti-inflammatory, analgesic dyspepsia, epigastric
Rofecoxib or other NSAIDs. Also
50mg tab BID and antipyretic effects, possibly by discomfort, heartburn,
(Vioxx) contraindicated in patients
inhibiting prostaglandin synthesi nausea, abdominal pain, UTI,
with advanced renal disease
back pain, bronchitis, URTI,
or moderate or severe
flu syndrome
hepatic insufficiency and in
pregnant women because it
may cause ductus arteriosus
to close prematurely
hypersensitive to drug or its
components and in those
Headache, asthenia, fatigue,
who have experienced
dizziness, hypertension, leg
asthma, urticaria, allergic
edema, sinusitis, diarrhea,
Produces anti-inflammatory, analgesic dyspepsia, epigastric
Rofecoxib or other NSAIDs. Also
50mg tab BID and antipyretic effects, possibly by discomfort, heartburn,
(Vioxx) contraindicated in patients
inhibiting prostaglandin synthesi nausea, abdominal pain, UTI,
back pain, bronchitis, URTI,
flu syndrome
Rofecoxib 50mg tab BID Produces anti-inflammatory, analgesic Contraindicated in patients Headache, asthenia, fatigue,
(Vioxx) and antipyretic effects, possibly by hypersensitive to drug or its dizziness, hypertension, leg
inhibiting prostaglandin synthesi components and in those edema, sinusitis, diarrhea,
who have experienced dyspepsia, epigastric
asthma, urticaria, allergic discomfort, heartburn,
reactions after taking aspirin nausea, abdominal pain, UTI,
Generic/
Brand Name
or other NSAIDs. Also back pain, bronchitis, URTI,
contraindicated in patients flu syndrome
Rofecoxib 50mg tab BID Produces anti-inflammatory, analgesic Contraindicated in patients Headache, asthenia, fatigue,
(Vioxx) and antipyretic effects, possibly by hypersensitive to drug or its dizziness, hypertension, leg
inhibiting prostaglandin synthesi components and in those edema, sinusitis, diarrhea,
who have experienced dyspepsia, epigastric
asthma, urticaria, allergic discomfort, heartburn,
reactions after taking aspirin nausea, abdominal pain, UTI,
or other NSAIDs. Also back pain, bronchitis, URTI,
contraindicated in patients flu syndrome
Prevention of CV events eg
CV death, stroke, MI,
Active liver disease. Women
unstable angina or arterial
of childbearing potentioal not Headache, myalgia, asthenia,
Rosuvastatin revascularization; primary
5 mg/tab Dyslipidemic agents using appropriate constipation, dizziness,
(Crestor) hypercholesterolemia, mixed
contraceptive measures. nausea, abdominal pain
dyslipidemia, slow or delay
progression of
atherosclerosis
Rowatinex 1 cap TID Urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, 1st trimester of pregnancy
cystitis, renal colic, UTI, post-
op prophylaxis of calculi
Roxithromycin Adult: 150 mg Roxithromycin inhibits protein synthesis Susceptible infections Hypersensitivity. Porphyria. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal
bid or 300 mg by irreversibly binding to the 50s pain, diarrhoea, weakness,
once daily for ribosomal subunits thus blocking the malaise, anorexia,
5-10 days in transpeptidation or translocation constipation, dyspepsia,
susceptible reactions of susceptible organisms flatulence; hepatitis; rashes,
infections. resulting in stunted cell growth. headache, dizziness,
weakness, changes in blood
counts; increased liver
enzyme values; eosinophilia;
rarely, acute pancreatitis.
Roxithromycin It prevents bacteria from growing, by Treatment of infections Patient who developed liver GI disturbances, increase in
(Ruthison) interfering with their protein synthesis. caused by susceptible strains disorders on previous liver enzyme values, hepatitis,
Roxithromycin binds to the subunit 50S of gm+ve & gm-ve therapy rash, headache, dizziness,
of the bacterial ribosome, and this microorganisms. weakness, changes in CBC
inhibits the translocation of peptides.
Roxithromycin has similar antimicrobial
Generic/
Brand Name
spectrum as erythromycin, but is more
effective against certain gram-negative
bacteria, particular Legionella
pneumonia.
Thyrotoxicosis, inhaled
Inhalant: 40 Threatened abortion during salbutamol prep are not
micrograms/pu Beta adrenergic receptor agonist - Treatment & prevention of 1st or 2nf trimesters of appropriate for managing
Salbutamol ff aerosol causes bronchodilation bronchial asthma, bronchitis, pregnancy. Toxaemia of premature labour. Pregnancy,
(Ventolin) Oral: 2,4 mg Inhalational: Onset < 15 m, dur 3-4 h emphysema with associated pregnancy, antepartum lactation. Acute severe
tablets; 2 PO: onset <30m, dur 4-8 hours reversible airway obstruction. haemorrhage, placenta asthma. Monitor fluid balance,
mg/mL syrup praevia. cardiorespiratory function &
ECG
Special precaution :
Palpation, tachycardia,
Prevention & relief from coronary insufficiency,
2mg/tab, increased BP, headache,
bronchospasm associated cardiac arrhythmias,
Salbutamol 2mg/5ml susp. nervousness, dizziness,
with reversible obstructive hypertension, convulsive
(Asmalin) 1tab TID, 2.5 ~ heartburn, epistaxis, cough,
airway disease eg bronchial disorder, hyperthyroidism,
5ml TID GI discomfort, throat irritation
asthma diabetes mellitus;
& tremor
pregnancy, lactation.
Thyrotoxicosis, inhaled
Inhalant: 40 Threatened abortion during salbutamol prep are not
micrograms/pu Beta adrenergic receptor agonist - Treatment & prevention of 1st or 2nf trimesters of appropriate for managing
Salbutamol ff aerosol causes bronchodilation bronchial asthma, bronchitis, pregnancy. Toxaemia of premature labour. Pregnancy,
(Ventolin) Oral: 2,4 mg Inhalational: Onset < 15 m, dur 3-4 h emphysema with associated pregnancy, antepartum lactation. Acute severe
tablets; 2 PO: onset <30m, dur 4-8 hours reversible airway obstruction. haemorrhage, placenta asthma. Monitor fluid balance,
mg/mL syrup praevia. cardiorespiratory function &
ECG
Salbutamol 2mg/tab, Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by Asthma Special precaution : Palpation, tachycardia,
(Asmalin) 2mg/5ml susp. action on B2-receptors with little effect on Prevention & relief from coronary insufficiency, increased BP, headache,
1tab TID, 2.5 ~ heart rate bronchospasm associated cardiac arrhythmias, nervousness, dizziness,
5ml TID with reversible obstructive hypertension, convulsive heartburn, epistaxis, cough,
airway disease eg bronchial disorder, hyperthyroidism, GI discomfort, throat irritation
asthma diabetes mellitus; & tremor
Salbutamol Inhalant: 40 Beta adrenergic receptor agonist - Treatment & prevention of Threatened abortion during Thyrotoxicosis, inhaled
(Ventolin) micrograms/pu causes bronchodilation bronchial asthma, bronchitis, 1st or 2nf trimesters of salbutamol prep are not
ff aerosol Inhalational: Onset < 15 m, dur 3-4 h emphysema with associated pregnancy. Toxaemia of appropriate for managing
Oral: 2,4 mg PO: onset <30m, dur 4-8 hours reversible airway obstruction. pregnancy, antepartum premature labour. Pregnancy,
tablets; 2 haemorrhage, placenta lactation. Acute severe
mg/mL syrup praevia. asthma. Monitor fluid balance,
cardiorespiratory function &
ECG
Salbutamol 2mg/tab, Prevention & relief from Special precaution : coronary Palpation, tachycardia,
(Asmalin) 2mg/5ml susp. bronchospasm associated insufficiency, cardiac increased BP, headache,
1tab TID, 2.5 ~ with reversible obstructive arrhythmias, hypertension, nervousness, dizziness,
5ml TID airway disease eg bronchial convulsive disorder, heartburn, epistaxis, cough,
asthma hyperthyroidism, diabetes GI discomfort, throat irritation
mellitus; pregnancy, & tremor
lactation.
Generic/
Brand Name
Salbutamol Inhalant: 40 Beta adrenergic receptor agonist - Treatment & prevention of Threatened abortion during Thyrotoxicosis, inhaled
(Ventolin) micrograms/pu causes bronchodilation bronchial asthma, bronchitis, 1st or 2nf trimesters of salbutamol prep are not
ff aerosol Inhalational: Onset < 15 m, dur 3-4 h emphysema with associated pregnancy. Toxaemia of appropriate for managing
Oral: 2,4 mg PO: onset <30m, dur 4-8 hours reversible airway obstruction. pregnancy, antepartum premature labour.
tablets; 2 haemorrhage, placenta Pregnancy, lactation. Acute
mg/mL syrup praevia. severe asthma. Monitor fluid
balance, cardiorespiratory
function & ECG
Special precaution :
Palpation, tachycardia,
Prevention & relief from coronary insufficiency,
2mg/tab, increased BP, headache,
bronchospasm associated cardiac arrhythmias,
2mg/5ml susp. nervousness, dizziness,
Salbutamol Asmalin with reversible obstructive hypertension, convulsive
1tab TID, 2.5 ~ heartburn, epistaxis, cough,
airway disease eg bronchial disorder, hyperthyroidism,
5ml TID GI discomfort, throat irritation
asthma diabetes mellitus;
& tremor
Senna 187mg/tab, stimulation of colonic motility, resulting in Functional constipation of Acute surgical abdomen, Mild abdominal discomfort;
(Senokot) 374mg/tab, augmented propulsion and accelerated hospitalized patient, O & G abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea w/ excessive loss of
colonic transit, reducing the opportunity patient, post-surgical, vomiting or symptoms of water & electrolytes (high
for fluid absorption from the faeces. It prenatal, postpartum, geriatric appendicitis; intestinal doses), atonic non-functioning
also influences fluid and electrolyte patient, functional hemorrhage or obstruction, colon (prolonged use).
absorption and secretion by the colon, constipation due to intake of persistent diarrhea.
resulting in a net fluid secretion. The certain drugs, ped patient.
mucilage inhibits fluid absorption,
enhancing the laxative effect
Statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA The most common side effect
reductase which is the rate limiting step of statins is in the
in the synthesis of cholesterol. Intake of gastrointestinal system, with
Simvastatin 10~80mg tab
statins results in lowering of LDL and reports of constipation and
(Vidastat, Zocor) OD
elevation of HDL. Statins have been nausea. May also affect the
demonstrated to be cardioprotective and liver, causing drug induced
reduces risk of cardiovascular events hepatitis
Statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA The most common side effect
reductase which is the rate limiting step of statins is in the
Simvastatin 10~80mg tab
(Vidastat, Zocor) OD
Simvastatin 10~80mg tab Statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA The most common side effect
(Vidastat, Zocor) OD reductase which is the rate limiting step of statins is in the
Simvastatin 10~80mg tab Statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA The most common side effect
Generic/
Brand Name
(Vidastat, Zocor) OD reductase which is the rate limiting step of statins is in the
Sitagliptin 50mg/tab Inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl Adjunct to diet and exercise Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy Nausea, abdominal pain,
phosphate peptidse-4 (DPP-4), an enzyme that to improve glycemic control in and lactation. vomiting and diarrhea.
(Januvia) slows inactivation of incretin hormones patients with DM type 2, or in
such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) combination with metformin
and glucose dependent insulinotropic or a peroxisome proliferator
polypeptide (GIP), which regulates receptor (PPAR) gamma
insulin secretion. agonist when diet and
exercise, plus the single
agent do not provide
adequate glycemic control. In
patients with DM 2 as an
adjunct to diet and exercise to
improve glycemic control in
combination with insulin (with
or without metformin)
Spirinolactone 25 mg, 50 mg Antagonizes aldosterone in the distal Hypertension, CHF, edema, Acute renal insufficiency, Gynecomastia may develop.
tabblets tubules, increasing sodium and water hypokalemia, primary anuria, hyperkalemia, Diarrhea and cramping,
excretion aldosteronism. Nephritic pregnancy and lactation, nausea, vomiting, gastritis,
syndrome, cirrhosis, hypersensitivity. agranulocytosis.
management of hissutism
secondary to PCOS.
Spirinolactone 25 mg, 50 mg Antagonizes aldosterone in the distal Hypertension, CHF, edema, Acute renal insufficiency, Gynecomastia may develop.
(Aldactone) tabblets tubules, increasing sodium and water hypokalemia, primary anuria, hyperkalemia, Diarrhea and cramping,
excretion aldosteronism. Nephritic pregnancy and lactation, nausea, vomiting, gastritis,
syndrome, cirrhosis, hypersensitivity. agranulocytosis.
management of hissutism
secondary to PCOS.
Overgrowth of non-
GI disturbances, phlebitis,
Sulbactam- susceptible organism. Check
375 mg/tab skin rashes, itching, blood
Ampicillin Inhibition of cell wall synthesis periodically for organ system
BID disorders, anaphylaxis,
(Unasyn) dysfunction during
superinfection
prolonged therapy
Overgrowth of non-
GI disturbances, phlebitis,
Sulbactam- susceptible organism. Check
375 mg/tab skin rashes, itching, blood
Ampicillin Inhibition of cell wall synthesis periodically for organ system
BID disorders, anaphylaxis,
(Unasyn) dysfunction during
superinfection
prolonged therapy
Sulbactam- 375 mg/tab Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Overgrowth of non- GI disturbances, phlebitis,
Ampicillin BID susceptible organism. Check skin rashes, itching, blood
(Unasyn) periodically for organ system disorders, anaphylaxis,
dysfunction during superinfection
prolonged therapy
Sulbactam- 375 mg/tab Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Overgrowth of non- GI disturbances, phlebitis,
Generic/
Brand Name
Ampicillin BID susceptible organism. Check skin rashes, itching, blood
(Unasyn) periodically for organ system disorders, anaphylaxis,
dysfunction during prolonged superinfection
therapy
Tazobactam 2g/250mg + Inhibits the action of beta-lactamases. It Treatment of systemic &/or History of allergic reactions Hypotension, ileus, syncope,
10ml diluent, has the potential to enhance the activity local bacterial infections to any penicillins, rigors, back pain, malaise, CV
4g/500mg of other beta-lactam antibiotics. caused by susceptible cephalosporins, or beta- effects, tremors,
+10ml diluent organisms. lactamase inhibitors. pseudomembranous colitis,
thirst, myalgia, arthralgia,
genital pruritus, hematuria,
photophobia, hepatitis,
hemolytic anemia.
Telmisartan + 40mg + 12.5 Angiotensin receptor blocker + thiazide Esssential hypertension Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy, Diarrhea, angioedema
Hydrochlorothiazid mg/tab OD diuretic lactation. Biliary obstructive
e disorders.
(Micardis)
Tetagam 250 IU, IM Vaccines for passive immunization Prophylaxis in persons with IgA deficiency and
(Human Tetanus single dose recent injuries who have no concurrent presence of
Ig, pasteurizaed) 500 IU, IM in immunity or incomplete antibodies to IgA
infected immunity against tetanus;
wounds and therapy of clinically
delayed manifested tetanus
debridement
Tetanus toxoid Primary Vaccines for active immunization Tetanus prevention; post Hypersensitivity reactions Pain, rashes, induration, or
(Adsorbed) vaccination: 2 exposure prophylaxis for edema, associated with SC
successive recent wounds that may have nodule and rarely aseptic
SC/IM 1 or 2 been contaminated with abscesses. Transient
mos. apart tetanus spores in subjects hyperthermia associated or
followed by who have not had any not associated with a local
booster 6-12 primary vaccination, or was reaction and
mos.after 2nd incomplete, or uncertain lymphadenopathy, immediate
inj.Booster: hypersensitivity reaction such
one 0.5ml as generalized pruritus,
inj.every 10yrs urticarial or edema, dizziness,
after the low BP, myalgia, arthralgia
primary and headaches.
immunization
and every
10yrs
thereafter
Tiotropium (Spiriva) Capsule 18 A long-acting anti-muscarinic agent often - Maintenance treatment of - History of hypersensitivity URTI, dry mouth, sinusitis,
mcg referred to as a anti-cholinergic that bronchospasm associated to Ipratropium or Tiotropium abdominal pain, allergic
inhibits the M3 receptors at the smooth with COPD; reduction of - History of hypersensitivity reaction, angina pectoris,
Solution for muscle leading to bronchodilation COPD exacerbations to milk proteins non-specific chest pain,
inhalation 1.25 - For long term once daily - Lactose allergy constipation, dyspepsia,
mcg/actuation maintenance treatment of edema, hyperglycemia
2.5 asthma in patients aged > 12
mcg/actuation yrs
- Improvement of pulmonary
Generic/
Brand Name
function in conjunction with
standard therapy
management of patients with
cystic finrosis
TOBRANYCIN + 1 drop four Tobramycin binds irreversibly to one of For steroid-responsive Epithelial herpes simplex Localized ocular toxicity &
DEXAMETHSONE times a day two aminoglycoside binding sites on the inflammatory ocular keratitis (dendritic keratitis), hypersensitivity including lid
(TOBRADEX) 30 S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting conditions for which a vaccinia, varicella & many itching & swelling &
bacterial protein synthesis. Tobramycin corticosteroid is indicated & other viral diseases of the conjunctival erythema.
may also destabilize bacterial where bacterial infection or cornea & conjunctiva. Secondary infection.
memebrane by binding to 16 S 16 S r- risk of bacterial ocular Mycobacterial eye infection.
RNA. An active transport mechanism for infection exists Fungal diseases of ocular
aminoglycoside uptake is necessary in structures. After
the bacteria in order to attain a significant uncomplicated removal of a
intracellular concentration of tobramycin. corneal foreign body
Hypersensitivity to tramadol
or any component of the
tablets or Ampoule solution.
Binds to Mu Opiate receptors in the brain
50-100mg Patients intoxicated with Most common side effects are
Tramadol and spinal cord, which alters sensation
every 4-6 alcohol or other sedating CNS related: Headaches,
(Dolotral, Silverol, and response to pain. Also inhibits
hours, not to drugs dizziness, somnolence,
TDL, Tradonal, reuptake of serotonin and
exceed Use with extreme precaution vertigo. May cause
Trama) norepinephrine, which also results in
400mg/day among patients taking other vasodilaton and hypotonia
alteration in pain signal transmission
CNS drugs particularly
sedatives or CNS
depressants
Hypersensitivity to tramadol
or any component of the
tablets or Ampoule solution.
Binds to Mu Opiate receptors in the brain
50-100mg Patients intoxicated with Most common side effects are
Tramadol and spinal cord, which alters sensation
every 4-6 alcohol or other sedating CNS related: Headaches,
(Dolotral, Silverol, and response to pain. Also inhibits
hours, not to drugs dizziness, somnolence,
TDL, Tradonal, reuptake of serotonin and
exceed Use with extreme precaution vertigo. May cause
Trama) norepinephrine, which also results in
400mg/day among patients taking other vasodilaton and hypotonia
alteration in pain signal transmission
sedatives or CNS
depressants
Tramadol 50-100mg Binds to Mu Opiate receptors in the brain Hypersensitivity to tramadol Most common side effects are
(Dolotral, Silverol, every 4-6 and spinal cord, which alters sensation or any component of the CNS related: Headaches,
TDL, Tradonal, hours, not to and response to pain. Also inhibits tablets or Ampoule solution. dizziness, somnolence,
Trama) exceed reuptake of serotonin and Patients intoxicated with vertigo. May cause
400mg/day norepinephrine, which also results in alcohol or other sedating vasodilaton and hypotonia
alteration in pain signal transmission drugs
Use with extreme precaution
among patients taking other
sedatives or CNS
depressants
Tramadol 50-100mg Binds to Mu Opiate receptors in the brain Hypersensitivity to tramadol Most common side effects
(Dolotral, Silverol, every 4-6 and spinal cord, which alters sensation or any component of the are CNS related: Headaches,
Generic/
Brand Name
TDL, Tradonal, hours, not to and response to pain. Also inhibits tablets or Ampoule solution. dizziness, somnolence,
Trama) exceed reuptake of serotonin and Patients intoxicated with vertigo. May cause
400mg/day norepinephrine, which also results in alcohol or other sedating vasodilaton and hypotonia
alteration in pain signal transmission drugs
Use with extreme precaution
among patients taking other
sedatives or CNS
depressants
Tramadol HCl and 1-2 tab 4-6 Tramadol acts as a μ-opioid receptor Moderate to severe pain. Acute intoxication w/ CNS & GI disturbances.
paracetamol hrly. Max: 8 agonist, serotonin releasing agent, alcohol, hypnotics, narcotics, Nausea, dizziness,
(Dolcet) tab/day. norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, NMDA centrally-acting analgesics, somnolence. Asthenia,
receptor antagonist, 5-HT2C receptor opioids or psychotropic fatigue, hot flushes,
antagonist, (α7)5 nicotinic acetylcholine drugs. Hypersensitivity. constipation, diarrhea,
receptor antagonist, and M1 and M3 flatulence, dry mouth,
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor pruritus, increased sweating,
antagonis tinnitus.
Tramadol HCl and Tramadol acts as a μ-opioid receptor Moderate to severe pain. Acute intoxication w/ CNS & GI disturbances.
paracetamol agonist, serotonin releasing agent, alcohol, hypnotics, narcotics, Nausea, dizziness,
(Dolcet) norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, NMDA centrally-acting analgesics, somnolence. Asthenia,
receptor antagonist, 5-HT2C receptor opioids or psychotropic fatigue, hot flushes,
antagonist, (α7)5 nicotinic acetylcholine drugs. Hypersensitivity. constipation, diarrhea,
receptor antagonist, and M1 and M3 flatulence, dry mouth,
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor pruritus, increased sweating,
antagonis tinnitus.
Acquired defective color
vision, active intravascular
250- clotting, subarachnoid Gastrointestinal >10%
Competitively inhibits activation of Menorrhagea, Metrorrhagea,
500mg/cap 1-2 hemorrhage, Concurrent (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting),
plasminogen to plasmin, which inhibits valvular heart surgery, GI
Tranexamic Acid cap TID/QID factor IX complex or anti- Cardiovascular and Ocular
fibrinolysis. Also inhibits plasmin hemorrhage, Hereditary
250-500mg IV inhibitor coagulant 1% to 10% (Hypotension,
proteolytic activity angioneurotic edema
slow push concentrates, patients with thrombosis, blurred vision)
cardiovascular, renal, CVD,
and thromboembolic disease
Acquired defective color
vision, active intravascular
250- clotting, subarachnoid Gastrointestinal >10%
Competitively inhibits activation of Menorrhagea, Metrorrhagea,
500mg/cap 1-2 hemorrhage, Concurrent (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting),
plasminogen to plasmin, which inhibits valvular heart surgery, GI
Tranexamic Acid cap TID/QID factor IX complex or anti- Cardiovascular and Ocular
fibrinolysis. Also inhibits plasmin hemorrhage, Hereditary
250-500mg IV inhibitor coagulant 1% to 10% (Hypotension,
proteolytic activity angioneurotic edema
slow push concentrates, patients with thrombosis, blurred vision)
Tranexamic Acid 250- Competitively inhibits activation of Menorrhagea, Metrorrhagea, Acquired defective color Gastrointestinal >10%
500mg/cap 1-2 plasminogen to plasmin, which inhibits valvular heart surgery, GI vision, active intravascular (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting),
cap TID/QID fibrinolysis. Also inhibits plasmin hemorrhage, Hereditary clotting, subarachnoid Cardiovascular and Ocular
250-500mg IV proteolytic activity angioneurotic edema hemorrhage, Concurrent 1% to 10% (Hypotension,
slow push factor IX complex or anti- thrombosis, blurred vision)
inhibitor coagulant
Generic/
Brand Name
concentrates, patients with
Tranexamic Acid 250- Competitively inhibits activation of Menorrhagea, Metrorrhagea, Acquired defective color Gastrointestinal >10%
500mg/cap 1-2 plasminogen to plasmin, which inhibits valvular heart surgery, GI vision, active intravascular (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting),
cap TID/QID fibrinolysis. Also inhibits plasmin hemorrhage, Hereditary clotting, subarachnoid Cardiovascular and Ocular
250-500mg IV proteolytic activity angioneurotic edema hemorrhage, Concurrent 1% to 10% (Hypotension,
slow push factor IX complex or anti- thrombosis, blurred vision)
inhibitor coagulant
concentrates, patients with
Trimetazadine As Trimetazidine is a cellular acting anti- Angina pectoris, Meniere's Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy GI disturbances, vomiting,
hydrochloride conventional ischaemic agent. It has 3 main properties disease and lactation. nausea.
tab: 40-60 mg by which it acts as a cytoprotective
daily in divided agent. It inhibits the anaerobic glycolysis
doses. and fatty acid metabolism, thus allowing
only aerobic glycolysis. This action helps
to restore the energy balance in the cell.
It inhibits acidosis and free radical
accumulation in the cell. All these action
help the cell to restore the normal ionic
and metabolic balance.
Trimetazidine 35mg Angina pectoris, ischemia of Hypersensitivity, pregnancy GI disturbances; nausea,
(Vestar) neurosensorial tissues as in vomiting
Meniere’s disease
Trimetazidine 3 tabs daily in Fatty acid oxidation inhibitor reduces Used in angina pectoris and Pregnancy and lactation, Gastric discomfort, nausea,
(Vastarel) 3 divided ATP requirement of ischemic in ischemia of neuro-sensorial children. headache and vertigo
doses myocardium thereby improving metabolic tissues as in Meniere’s
status via partial inhibition of enzyme disease.
long chain 3 ketoacyl thiolase.
Ursodeoxycholic 10 mg/kg body Each capsule also contains maize Treatment of cholestatic liver Acute inflammation of the During treatment with
acid weight/day starch, colloidal anhydrous silica, disease. Dissolution of gallbladder and bile ducts; Ursofalk, gallstone
(Ursofalk) equivalent to: magnesium stearate, gelatin titanium
Up to 60 kg: 2 dioxide (E171) and sodium dodecyl cholesterol gallstone in the obstruction of the biliary tract calcification may occur. In
caps; up to 80 sulfate as inactive ingredients. gallbladder. The gallstones (common bile duct or cystic rare cases, the stool may
kg: 3 caps; up
to 100 kg: 4 should not show up on x-ray duct), inflammation become doughy.
class of bile acids
caps; >100 kg: and should not be >15 mm. disorders of the large and
5 caps. The gallbladder must be small intestine, pregnancy. Decompensation of liver
functioning despite of (a) cirrhosis has been observed
gallstone(s). Ursofalk should not be taken in isolated cases during the
when the gallbladder cannot treatment of primary biliary
Treatment of biliary reflux be visualized at x-ray, in cirrhosis of an advanced
gastritis. patients with calcified stage. This receded, however,
gallstones, disturbed
Generic/
Brand Name
Symptomatic treatment of contractility of the after discontinuing therapy.

primary biliary cirrhosis gallbladder or frequent
provided no decompensated biliary colic During the treatment of
liver cirrhosis is present primary biliary cirrhosis with
Ursofalk, severe, right-sided
epigastric pain resulted in
isolated cases.
Ursodeoxycholic 10mg/kg body Primary biliary cirrhosis, Acute inflammation of Gastrointestinal disorders –
Acid (Ursofalk) wt/day dissolution of gall stones the gall bladder or pasty or diarrheic stools,
biliary tract; occlusion of hepatobiliary disorders –
the biliary tract calcification of gall stones,
(occlusion of the skin and subcutaneous
common bile duct or a disorders – urticaria (rare)
cystic duct); frequent
episodes of biliary colic;
radio-opaque calcified
gallstones; impaired
contractility of the gall
bladder;
hypersensitivity to bile
acids or any excipient
of the formulation
Patients with known
hypersensitivity to
Valdecoxib. Patients who
Dry mouth, hypertension,
have demonstrated allergic-
peripheral edema, ,
type reactions to
Valdecoxib 20mg / tab Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) abdominal fullness,
sulfonamides. Patient who
(Bextra) once daily pathway abdominal pain, diarrhea,
have experienced asthma,
dyspepsia, nausea, anemia,
urticaria, allergic type
sinusitis, rash
reactions after taking
NSAIDS including other
COX-2 inhibitors
Valdecoxib 20mg / tab Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Patients with known Dry mouth, hypertension,
(Bextra) once daily pathway hypersensitivity to peripheral edema, ,
Valdecoxib. Patients who abdominal fullness,
have demonstrated allergic- abdominal pain, diarrhea,
type reactions to dyspepsia, nausea, anemia,
sulfonamides. Patient who sinusitis, rash
Generic/
Brand Name
COX-2 inhibitors
COX-2 inhibitors
COX-2 inhibitors
Valproic acid and its derivative,
divalproex, are oral drugs that are used
for the treatment of convulsions,
migraines and bipolar disorder. The The most common side
active ingredient in both products is effects with valproic acid
Should not take this drug if
valproic acid or valproate. Scientists do therapy are drowsiness,
you have liver disease or
Valproic acid 250mg, 15ml not know the mechanism of action of dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
your liver is not functioning
(Depakene) NGT 30ml/day valproate. The most popular theory is indigestion, diarrhea, weight
properly, or if you have had
that valproate exerts its effects by loss and tremors.
an allergic reaction to it.
increasing the concentration of gamma- Liver injury, pancreatitis and
aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. abnormal bleeding
Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a
neurotransmitter, a chemical that nerves
use to communicate with one anothe
Valproic acid 250mg, 15ml Valproic acid and its derivative, Should not take this drug if The most common side
(Depakene) NGT 30ml/day divalproex, are oral drugs that are used you have liver disease or effects with valproic acid
for the treatment of convulsions, your liver is not functioning therapy are drowsiness,
migraines and bipolar disorder. The properly, or if you have had dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
active ingredient in both products is an allergic reaction to it. indigestion, diarrhea, weight
valproic acid or valproate. Scientists do loss and tremors.
not know the mechanism of action of Liver injury, pancreatitis and
valproate. The most popular theory is abnormal bleeding
that valproate exerts its effects by
increasing the concentration of gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain.
Generic/
Brand Name
use to communicate with one anothe
Valproic acid 250mg, 15ml Valproic acid and its derivative, Should not take this drug if The most common side
(Depakene) NGT 30ml/day divalproex, are oral drugs that are used you have liver disease or effects with valproic acid
for the treatment of convulsions, your liver is not functioning therapy are drowsiness,
valproate. The most popular theory is that abnormal bleeding
valproate exerts its effects by increasing
the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric
acid (GABA) in the brain. Gamma-
aminobutyric acid is a neurotransmitter, a
chemical that nerves use to communicate
with one another
Valproic acid, 250mg, 15ml Valproic acid and its derivative, Treatment of simple and Should not take this drug if The most common side
Divalproex Na NGT 30ml/day divalproex, are oral drugs that are used complex seizures. you have liver disease or effects with valproic acid
(Depakene) for the treatment of convulsions, your liver is not functioning therapy are drowsiness,
valproate. The most popular theory is abnormal bleeding
that valproate exerts its effects by
increasing the concentration of gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain.
use to communicate with one another
Vancomycin 300mg/IV Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by Serious Gram (+) infections Hypersensitivity Red man syndrome,
blocking glycopeptide polymerization particularly methicillin- nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity,
through bnding tightly to D-alanyl D- resistant S. aureus in brain phlebitis, anaphylaxia,
alanine portion of cell wall precursor. abscesses, meningitis, nausea, chills, fever,
infective endocarditis, eosinophilia, rashes.
peritonitis associated with
CAPD, osteomyelitis,
pneumonia, skin and skin
structure infections and
septicemia
Vandol Cream/ointme None Emollients None Diaper rash, chafing, sunburn,
nt dry skin, abrasions, superficial
wounds, minor burns.
Vasaltarn/ 80/12.5 mg tab [thiazide belongs to the thiazide class of Hypertension Pregnancy & severe hepatic Headache, dizziness, fatigue.
Hydroclorothiazide( 160/12.5 mg diuretics, acting on the kidneys to reduce impairment, biliary cirrhosis & Hydrochlorothiazide:
Co-Diovan) tab sodium (Na) reabsorption in the distal cholestasis. Anuria, severe Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia,
320/12.5 mg convoluted tubule. This increases the renal impairment (CrCl <30 electrolyte disturbances,
tab osmolarity in the lumen, causing less mL/min). Refractory postural hypotension, rise in
Generic/
Brand Name
320/25 mg tab water to be reabsorbed from the c hypokalemia, hyponatremia, blood lipids
ollecting ducts. This leads to increased hypercalcemia &
urinary output symptomatic hyperuricemia.
hemophilia and is not Gastric hemorrhage,
Vastard recommended to infants <1 hypersensitivity and
year. Caution is necessary thrombocytopenia may occur
are dehydrated.
Verapami (Isoptin)l A calcium antagonist that inhibits the Chronic coronary Cardiovascular shock, Bradycardic arrythmias when
transmembrane influx of calcium ions insufficiency, long term complicated acute MI, given in large doses.
into the heart and vascular smooth treatment of angina pectoris, severe conduction disorders Constipation. Nausea, vertigo,
muscles. coronary spasms. and sick sinus syndrome. dizziness, headache, flushing,
Hypertesnion. Tachycardia. fatigue, nervousness, ankle
edemas in rare cases.
Adjunct to diet and exercise
Hypersensitivity, renal
to improve glycemic control in Nausea. Vidagliptin: tremor,
disease or dysfunction,
patients with type 2 DM dizziness, headache, chills,
CHF, acute or chronic
whose diabetes is not GERD, decrease blood
Vidagliptin + metabolic acidosis, diabetic
adequately controlled on glucose, asthenia,
Metformin(Galvusm 50/500 mg /tab Antidiabetic ketoacidosis with or without
Metformin HCL or Vidagliptin hypoglycemia. Metformin:
et) coma, intravascular
alone or who are already vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
administration of iodinated
treated with the combination pain, loss appetite, metallic
contrast materials, Type DM,
of Vidagliptin and metformin taste
lactation
HCL as separate tab
potent and selective dipeptidyl-
peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that Adjunct to diet & exercise to Type I DM, diabetic
improves glycemic control. Inhibition of improve glycemic control in ketoacidosis. Hepatic
DPP-4 results in increased fasting and patients w/ Type 2 DM as impairment. Moderate to
postprandial endogenous levels of the monotherapy or in severe renal impairment.
1 tab after incretin hormones GLP-1 (glucagon-like combination w/ metformin, a End-stage renal disease on ` Dizziness, tremor,
Vildagliptin
beakfast and 1 peptide 1) and GIP (glucose-dependent sulfonylurea or a hemodialysis. Childn <18 yr. headache, asthenia, wt
(Galvus)
tab after dinner insulinotropic polypeptide). By increasing thiazolidinedione when diet, Patients w/ galactose increase, peripheral edema.
the endogenous levels of these incretin exercise & a single intolerance, Lapp lactase
hormones, vildagliptin enhances the antidiabetic agent do not deficiency or glucose-
sensitivity of  cells to glucose resulting result in adequate glycemic galactose malabsorption.
in improved glucose-dependent insulin control. Pregnancy & lactation.
secretion.
Vincristine Adult 0.4-1.4 vincristine and other vinca alkaloids exert Biliary obstruction, Neurotoxicity. CNS effects eg
(Alcavixin, mg/m2 BSA. their cytotoxic effects by binding to preexisting neuropathies, depression, agitation,
Biomedis Childn 1.5-2 tubulin, the protein subunit of the liver dysfunction or jaundice insomnia, hallucinations &
Vincristine, mg/m2 BSA, microtubles that form the mitotic spindle. & elderly. Extravasation, episodes of altered
Nevexitin, Pfizer <10 kg or BSA The formation of vincristine-tublin nephrotoxicity, hepatic consciousness. Rare
Vincristine) <1 m2 0.05 complexes prevent the polymerization of impairment. Pregnancy, hypersensitivity. Leucopenia,
Generic/
Brand Name
the tubulin subunits into microtublues anemia, thrombocytopenia. GI
and induces depolymerization of effects. Hyperuricemia, uric
microtubules resulting in inhibition of acid nephropathy, polyuria,
microtubule assembly and cellular dysuria & urinary retention
lactation. Fatal if given
mg/kg wkly metaphase arrest. In high due to bladder atony.
intrathecally
concentrations, the drug also exerts Alopecia. Increased urinary
complex effects on nucleic acid and Na excretion. Hypertension,
protein synthesis. Vincristine exerts hypotension. Fever,
some immunosuppressive activity headache
vincristine and other vinca alkaloids exert Neurotoxicity. CNS effects eg
their cytotoxic effects by binding to depression, agitation,
tubulin, the protein subunit of the insomnia, hallucinations &
microtubles that form the mitotic spindle. episodes of altered
Biliary obstruction,
Adult 0.4-1.4 The formation of vincristine-tublin consciousness. Rare
Vincristine preexisting neuropathies,
mg/m2 BSA. complexes prevent the polymerization of hypersensitivity. Leucopenia,
(Alcavixin, liver dysfunction or jaundice
Childn 1.5-2 the tubulin subunits into microtublues anemia, thrombocytopenia. GI
Biomedis & elderly. Extravasation,
mg/m2 BSA, and induces depolymerization of effects. Hyperuricemia, uric
Vincristine, nephrotoxicity, hepatic
<10 kg or BSA microtubules resulting in inhibition of acid nephropathy, polyuria,
Nevexitin, Pfizer impairment. Pregnancy,
<1 m2 0.05 microtubule assembly and cellular dysuria & urinary retention
Vincristine) lactation. Fatal if given
mg/kg wkly metaphase arrest. In high due to bladder atony.
intrathecally
mg/kg wkly the tubulin subunits into microtublues lactation. Fatal if given anemia, thrombocytopenia. GI
and induces depolymerization of intrathecally effects. Hyperuricemia, uric
microtubules resulting in inhibition of acid nephropathy, polyuria,
microtubule assembly and cellular dysuria & urinary retention
metaphase arrest. In high due to bladder atony.
mg/kg wkly the tubulin subunits into microtublues and lactation. Fatal if given anemia, thrombocytopenia.
induces depolymerization of microtubules intrathecally GI effects. Hyperuricemia,
resulting in inhibition of microtubule uric acid nephropathy,
assembly and cellular metaphase arrest. polyuria, dysuria & urinary
Generic/
Brand Name
In high concentrations, the drug also retention due to bladder
exerts complex effects on nucleic acid atony. Alopecia. Increased
and protein synthesis. Vincristine exerts urinary Na excretion.
some immunosuppressive activity Hypertension, hypotension.
Fever, headache
Special precaution in
Vitamin A pregnancy. Excessive doses
25,000iu Supplementation Treatment of vit A deficiency
Retinol palmitate may lead to
hypervitaminosis
Special precaution in
Vitamin A pregnancy. Excessive doses
25,000iu Supplementation Treatment of vit A deficiency
Retinol palmitate may lead to
hypervitaminosis
Vitamin A 25,000iu Supplementation Treatment of vit A deficiency Special precaution in
Retinol palmitate pregnancy. Excessive doses
may lead to
hypervitaminosis
Vitamin A 25,000iu Supplementation Treatment of vit A deficiency Special precaution in
Retinol palmitate pregnancy. Excessive doses
may lead to hypervitaminosis
Vitamin B Complex an allithiamine that boosts Advanced Increased requirement of Hypersentivity
with C (BNC) Glycation Endproduct (AGE)-inhibiting these vit as in pregnancy,
thiamine pyrophosphate and cell- lactation, periods of rapid
shielding transketolase activity. growth & development,
infection, physical & mental
strain.
Vitamin B Complex Tab BID Supplementation Neuritis, neuralgias, shoulder-
(Neurobion) arm syndrome, facial paresis,
pregnancy neuritis, drug-
induced & alcoholic
neuropathy, diabetic
neuropathy, sciatica,
lumbago-lumbalgia,
intercoastal neuralgia,
trigeminal neuralgia, herpes
zoster, optic neuritis,
numbness of the extremities,
hyperemesis gravidarum, vit
B deficiency, CVA
Maintains healthy skin &
eyes. Protects against
Vitamin E
artherosclerosis & CV
DI-a-tocopheryl
300iu, 400iu Supplementation disorders. Improves nerve
acetate
functions & prevents onset of
(Mira E )
neuromuscular degenerative
diseases
Vitamin E 300iu, 400iu Supplementation Maintains healthy skin &
DI-a-tocopheryl eyes. Protects against
Generic/
Brand Name
artherosclerosis & CV
disorders. Improves nerve
acetate
(Mira E )
diseases
acetate artherosclerosis & CV
(Mira E ) disorders. Improves nerve
diseases
acetate artherosclerosis & CV
(Mira E ) disorders. Improves nerve
diseases
Vitamin K 0.5mg IM Promotes liver synthesis of clotting Prophylaxis and therapy of Coumarin and indanedione Allergic reactions, including
factors (II, VII,IX,X). hemorrhagic disease of the derivatives anaphylactoid reaction, pain,
newborn swelling
Vitamin K 1mg IM Promotes liver synthesis of clotting Prophylaxis and therapy of Coumarin and indanedione Allergic reactions, including
factors (II, VII,IX,X). hemorrhagic disease of the derivatives anaphylactoid reaction, pain,
newborn swelling
Patient Name: Clerk-in-Charge :
Patient Name: Clerk-in-Charge : JI,

Drug Index Updated2 2

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DRUG INDEX

Bone & joint infection, Shock, hypersensitivity

Doxorubicin prevents DNA replication.

a biguanide hypoglycemic agent that

Nitroglycerin causes a relaxation of

Symptomatic treatment of contractility of the after discontinuing therapy.

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Patient Name: Clerk-in-Charge : JI,

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