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E n v i ro n m e n t a l B i o t e c h n o l o g y

Name: Mir Aon Muhammad

Roll No: 18EE101
Supervisor: Engr Mam Maryam
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Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s
1. A b s t r a c t … … … … … … … … … … . P a g e N o 3
2. I n t r o d u c t i o n … … … … … … … … . . P a g e N o 3
3. M a t e r i a l / M e t h o d o l o g y … … … … P a g e N o 4
4. L i t e r a t u r e R e v i e w … … … … … . . . P a g e N o 4
5. D i s c u s s i o n … … … … … … … … … . . P a g e N o 5
6. R e s u l t / C o n c l u s i o n … … … … … … P a g e N o 5
7. R e f e r e n c e s … … … … … … … … … . . P a g e N o 6
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M a k i n g o f E c o - F r i e n d l y B i o P e s t i c i d e f ro m
G i n g e r f o r C a b b a g e C ro p s
Abstract:
This Paper includes the formation of “Bio Pesticide” with the help of ginger extracts which works
as an insect repellent for cabbage looper which is an insect which damage the field of cabbages
and affect its yield. The purpose of making this product is to have an eco-friendly and cost
efficient pesticide which do not affect the surrounding environment and is not expensive. Cabbage
is a crops which is mostly consumed in Pakistan, both raw or cooked so it is necessary to protect
this crop from these insect. These pesticides increases the growth of micro-organisms
(Staphylococcus Aureus) which helps to repels cabbage looper. The pesticides (Ginger and Garlic
Extract) is homemade with the help of raw material which are easily available. As from the
previous researches it has been found, these pesticide are working efficiently on cabbage looper
when applying them on the crops, the numbers of these insect are decreasing after the use of
pesticide.

Introduction:
Cabbage is a leafy green, red and white (pale Green) which takes two years to complete its life
cycle. It is grown all over the world as an annual vegetable and belongs to the “Cole crops”.
These are grown, in Pakistan, for their edible value and are important cash crops of Pakistan.
These are usually grown as a winter crops and sometimes also as summer vegetables. Being an
agrarian economy, Pakistan’s more than half of the population depends directly or indirectly on
agricultural products. Vegetable production carries a valuable status in edible crops of Pakistan.
Although the cabbage and cauliflower are among minor crops and are mostly grown in small
farms, it is still one of the most cultivated vegetable in the Punjab. (Qamar, 2014)
Cabbage Looper is a cabbage worm generally called as Lepidopteran pest which feeds on crucifers
(which have four petals arranged in cross).Cabbage looper is gray in color, mottled moth with a Y
mark on its each forewing, The larva of Cabbage is smooth greenish caterpilllar with white lines
on the back. It is present during the growing season.
The Ginger and Garlic Bio Pesticide shows a sudden change in the population of these insects
(Cabbage Looper) because the extracts of Ginger and Garlic which is Zinginber Officinale helps in
the growth of the micro organism ( Staphylococcus Aureus) which controls the growth of the
insects.

Materials and Method:

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 The Materials which are used in the making of Bio Pesticide are Ginger and Garlic.
 The ginger and garlic are chopped into tiny pieces about 50 grams, and afterwards it was
Grinded.
 500 ml of warm water was poured into an Container.
 The Grinded ginger was then placed into an Container of water.
 The Solution Was placed in a cool condition
 Finally the solution was poured into a Spray bottle and can be used as Bio Pesticide.

Literature Review:
Ginger Extract as a Bio Pesticide is efficient then chemical pesticide as it is investigated by (Syed
Arif Hussain Rizvi 2015) in a field of Cabbages in Peshawar. Prior to the use of Bio Pesticide the
population of Cabbage loppers were noted, which was very dense but after the use of ginger Bio
Pesticide, there was a sudden change in population of cabbage looper.
This is the data which is taken from their research.
Ginger extracts were applied when sufficient amount of cabbage looper were seen in the
experimental plot/Field. After the application of Ginger extracts, data were taken after the interval

of 24, 48, and 72 respectively. The data collection procedure was similar to (Abbas et al., 2005).
The data after 24 hours of application revealed that statistically all the treatments are significantly
difference from each other plot treated with Garlic extract @3.00% showed significantly lowest
infestation of cabbage looper (7.74%) followed by Ginger extract @3.00% (8.83%)
The data taken after 48 hours of application showed that lowest infestation of cabbage looper
was recorded from the plot treated with Garlic extract @3.00% (6.22%) followed by Ginger
extract @3.00% (7.23%).
Data recorded after 72hours of application showed that after 72 hours effect of Ginger extracts still
remain in the field data revealed that lowest population of cabbage looper was recorded from the
plot treated with Garlic extract @3.00% (7.11%) followed by Ginger extract @3.00% (8.62%).

Treatment Number Of Number Of Number of Number of

Cabbage Looper Cabbage Looper Cabbage Looper Cabbage Looper
before Spray after 24 hours after 48 hours after 72 hours
Ginger Extract 33.2 8.8 7.2 8.2
Garlic Extract 32.4 7.74 6.2 7.1

Discussion:
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The above Table shows the sudden decrease in the population of Cabbage looper when the ginger
Pesticide is sprayed on the crops and it also shows that this pesticide also works as an insect
repellent because even after 3 days the population of Cabbage looper has not increased.
By looking at the above research it is found that the use of ginger extract as a bio pesticide is more
efficient and Eco-Friendly then chemical pesticide which are more expensive and have hazardous
effects on the environment after being used.
Therefore this research or report shows the method of making a bio pesticide from ginger with the
help of ingredient which are easily available at home.

Results/ Conclusion:
The data from other researches shows us that the Ginger Bio Pesticide should be used in Cabbage
Field instead of using chemical Pesticides because it repels Cabbage Looper which damage the
cabbage Field and reduce its “Yield”.

References
(Rizvi, Efficiency of Ginger Extracts, 2015)
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289368079_Efficacy_of_ecofriendly_botanical_extr
acts_of_Ginger_Zingiber_officinale_Garlic_Allium_sativum_and_Tobacco_Nicotiana_tabac
um_L_for_the_control_of_cabbage_looper_Trichoplusia_binotalis_under_agro_ecolo
(Qamar, 2014)
http://www.als-journal.com/manuscriptid32-88-2-sm/#_ENREF_1
(Abbas et al., 2005)
Abbas G, Arif MJ, Saeed S. Systematic status of new species of genus Phenacoccus cockerel
(Pseudococcidae),a serious pest of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L in Pakistan