Republic of The Philippines Tarlac State University College of Criminal Justice Education Criminology Department

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
Tarlac State University

College of Criminal Justice Education
Criminology Department
“Live Experiences of Criminology Working Students of

Tarlac State University”
A Research Presented to the Faculty of

In Partial Fulfillment of the Subject

Criminology Research 1
By:
Krizel P. Madriaga
Ariel R. Mallari
Emerson A. Mallari
Lawrence I. Mamaclay
Jonas M. Mangila
Jacky D. Mangurnong
Ayan Ken Millo
Shaila Gonzales
ABSTRACT
Title : “LIVE EXPERIENCES OF THE CRIMINOLOGY WORKING

STUDENT OF
TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY IN S. Y 2020-2021”
Researchers : Krizel P. Madriaga
Ariel R. Mallari
Emerson A. Mallari
Jonas M. Mangila
Jacky D. Mangurnong
Ayan Ken Millo
Shaila Gonzales
Institution : Tarlac State University
Lucinda Campus
Course : Bachelor of Science in Criminology
This study identified the live experiences of the working students of College of
Criminal Justice Education Tarlac State University in the school year 2020-2021, and
specifically enumerated the challenges encountered and coping mechanisms in terms of
schedule, financial, physical, and mental. Participants were 10 working students,
subjected to semi-structured interview via messenger video call, and Thematic Analysis
was used to interpret and analyzed the collected data. This research results showed that
working students have faced conflict in schedule, financial sustainability, health problems
and mental/emotional problems. Furthermore, results also showed that despite of
different challenges encountered by the criminology working students, they still manage
and know how to cope up with the said challenges. The implication of this study could be
promoted awareness and deeper understanding on the live experiences of the working
students.
DEDICATION
First and foremost, to our Almighty God, for his guidance and protection. For giving us
enough strength and courage in times of trials, difficulties and sacrifices.
To our parents, for their love, patience, sacrifices and for giving us financial and moral
support.
To our friends, for being there for us in times of difficulties.
To our subject teacher, Sir Ajhay, who always there. Words are not enough to express
how much you've done to us.
To our department, College of Criminal Justice Education, for allowing us in conducting
this research.
To all of them, this research is heartedly dedicated.
Acknowledgement
The researchers would like to extend sincere outmost gratitude to the following:
First and foremost thank God, for being our strength and guide in the writing of this
thesis. Without Him, we would not have the wisdom or the physical ability to do so.
To our Research Instructor, Maam Louella, for making this research on the best
version of it. For sharing opinions, suggestions, and criticism for the betterment of this
study. You have set an example of excellence as a researcher, instructor, and role model .
To our College Dean, Dr. Theodore M. Timpac, for allowing the conduct of this
study despite of pandemic and being considerate.
And especially to our beloved parents for their unending moral and emotional
support, prayers, kindness, love and comfort that inspired us to move forward.
This research could not be completed without the effort and cooperation of our group
members
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………i
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………..ii
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………….iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………....iv
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………1-9
Background of the study………………….. ……………………..1
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………6
Paradigm of the Study……………………………………………..6
Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework……………………………7
Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………8
Significance of the study………………………………………......8
Definition of terms…………………………………………………...9
II. METHODOLOGY………………………………………………….10-11
Research design………………………………………………….....10
Locale of the study…………………………………………………10
The respondent of the study……………………………………...10
Research instrument…………………………………………….....10
Method of Gathering data……………………………………….10
Data Analysis…………………………………………………………11
Ethical consideration………………………………………….......11
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION……………………………………....12-15
IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………16-18
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………..19-20
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………….. 21-25
CURRICULUM VITAE………………………………………………………….26-41
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter includes the background of the study, statement of the problem,
significance of the study and the definition of terms used.
Background of the Study
Working while studying became the integral part of many students in pursuing
their dreams. Today, many students have been engaging themselves in part time jobs due
to some reasons such as: personal, their needs to support themselves independently and at
the same time to pursue their passion and satisfy their desires. Most of them, the main
reason why they choose to be a working student is that they want to support their parents
in accommodating their tuition fee. It is believed that having a higher level of education
today is not easy because much money must be spent. Because of poverty, many students
are obliged to find source of income for them to continue their studies. Some of them
successfully get a chance to continue their study in a university because of being a
scholar, yet this is not enough because they came from the low economic class. Realizing
this condition, being a working student is a good way to deal with this gap.
In the global estimate of the International Labor Organization (ILO), for the year
2012-2016, 152 million were in child labor, of which 7.4% are in the Asia-Pacific region.
Majority of the child laborers are in the agricultural sector. In the Philippines, 3.3 million
of children aged 5-17 years worked for at least one hour, a week prior to the 2011 Survey
of Children (SOC). Almost 90% (2.97 million) of them are Junior-High-School-aged
children, and 2.1 million were attending school. It is not a surprise anymore that many
studies showed an increasing trend on the number of students who are working. Singh
(2010) and, Green and Jaquess (2015) observed that part-time employment is increasing
among high school students. Similar trend had been noted by Curtis and Shani (2010)
who posited that students who combine work and study have been rapidly increasing over
recent years. It is therefore worth considering the reasons for this global phenomenon
Overlapping reasons were revealed of what prompts student to take on a part-time
job while they are still at school has been investigated in a number of previous research
studies. The wish to earn money was the most widely cited reason (Bentley et. al 1991) A
second and related reason was the desire for independence - this could be seen as
financial independence, although it could also mean, from a student’s perspective,
increased personal autonomy, gained as a result of spending time away from the normal
constraints of family and school. A third reason for working that was endorsed by
students was the longer-term one of acquiring experience that would help them in the
future, particularly in getting a job (Nolan & Hagen, 1989). Such experience only rarely
involved specific technical skills pertaining to the job, but more commonly it was used as
a broad term which encompassed many aspects of working - things that in themselves
were of benefit to the student, regardless of their efficacy in leading to future
employment. That is, students believed that a part time job provided them with the
opportunity to develop a range of social and personal skills, such as communication skills
and self-confidence through working and dealing with other people, and a sense of
competence and responsibility that came from turning up to work on time and carrying
out designated tasks (Coventry et al, 1984). Other reasons for working that were
canvassed by researchers, although not supported to any extent by students, were the
notion of a job as an activity to avoid boredom, or as a useful contribution to the
community, and the influence of peers on the decision to work (Bentley & O’Neil, 1984)
Financial reason seems to be the main one which contributes to students' decision
to get a job while they are enrolled in university, 69% of students are working to cover
their living costs and around 50% of them work in order to be able to pay for their studies
( Marginso et. al, 2007). The need for financial resources is also related to students‟
social life; extra money eases the involvement in leisure activities and allows them to
cope with lifestyle pressures (Broadbridge & Swanson, 2005). Another reason refers to
the need to gain experience outside the university (Joensen, 2009; Hall, 2010). Going to
work increases the chances to make new social contacts, to improve language and time
management skills. Work itself is a social experience and it can be seen as a part of a
lifetime learning process shows that work during studies, if it is not in excess, is even
beneficial for the professional development of young people. Moreover, as long as
university programs do not seek to train students just for a specific job, the experience
gained by having a job during their studies may have a great impact in finding a first job
after completing the university studies (Ryan, 2001, p. 6).
Students engaged in part-time and sometime full-time employment while studying
is increasingly a common phenomenon everywhere. Steinberg et al. (1981) stated over 30
years ago that working while studying provides students with quite naturally an
indication of the requirements that will be needed to function effectively in one’s later
career (Schill, McCartin, & Meyer, 1985). In recent years, further studies found that
students who are working part-time can easily develop team working, communication,
costumer care and practical skills (Lucas & Lammont, 1998; Curtis & Lucas, 2001).
According to the research conducted by Watts and Pickering (2000), while
working part-time and studying full-time has a variety of positive outcomes, respondents
generally viewed part-time employment as a necessity to survive in the contemporary
higher education sphere.
In addition, many studies show that students who work are more confident and
possess better time-management skills than students who are not employed. College is all
about learning to be a part of the practical world and the challenges that it brings with it.
Working does not only give a person a firsthand experience in the field, but it also
encourages creativity and productivity in college, since working helps in developing a
better understanding of what is being taught (Haqifa, 2013).
However, some researchers have reported that the more time a student devotes to
employment, the less he or she has for either academic or social activities (Fjortoft, 1995
in Tuttle, 2005). For some students, especially those in traditionally underserved
populations, taking a job is not a matter of choice, but necessity. They need to work to
save for college or even to supplement family.
There are studies which point to the negative effects of employment on the health
and academic performance of the students. Teixeira et al. (2009) discovered that workers
have a shorter mean sleep during weekdays than non-workers, which causes the former to
be moderately sleepier during the week and during class on specific days, as compared to
the non-workers. The researchers commented that such could have a negative impact to
the students in terms of their quality of life and school development. Carney et al. (2006)
found evidence that being in debt and working part-time may be detrimental to the mental
and physical health of the students. They added that students who work more hours have
a higher negative perception on the effect on academic performance. Supporting this
finding was the study of Marsh (1991) who observed that the number of hours worked is
associated with dropping out of school. Quirk et al. (2010) found that high school GPA
had an overall negative and curvilinear effect on employment. Other studies seem to
provide reasons on the ill effects of employment on the students. In terms of the academic
performance, Lillydahl (2014) argued that students working in modest levels may not
experience significant interference in their studies. Quirk et al. (2010) agreed to this
finding by stating that students working more than 11-13 hours per week were observed
of having the significant decline in their academic performance. Eric and Pavcnik (2005)
posited that the effectiveness of the classroom for child workers that attend school is
undermined by the deprivation of play and sleep taken away from the students by their
time spent in working. Curtis and Shani (2010) included missed lectures as another
contributing factor on decreased academic performance. The number of hours worked
may be the main reason for the significant negative effect on academic performance
among working students. Minimal working hours may provide explanation on the
research findings which say that employment does not significantly affect the academic
performance of the students. Singh (2010) reported that even when socioeconomic status,
gender, and previous achievement were controlled, only a small negative effect on
achievement was observed. Green and Jaquess (2015) found that employment has no
significant negative impact on academic performance
On the study of Manthei and Gilmore (2005) for instance considered that working
part time leaves less desired time to study. In addition, Jogaratnam and Buchanan (2004)
stated that new students who choose to do part-time job while having full-time academic
load were most likely to suffer from stress. As many studies suggested, indeed a
combination of full-time studying and part-time working can have a detrimental effect in
the physical and mental health of students. It can create the negative effect on academic
performance (Darolia, 2014).
The negative effect of employment most often identified in studies refers to
students‟ participation in class, regularly missed classes affecting their overall academic
performance ( Marginson et. al, 2007). Moreover, working while studying is linked with
higher risk of drop-out . In their review, reveal that there is no positive relationship
between employment and academic achievement. Part-time employment also affects the
duration of studies, with longer time till graduation in the case of working students
( Theune et. al, 2015)
According to Furr and Elling (2000) proved that students working between 30-39
hours per week and those working 40+ hours per week felt that their employment had a
negative effect on their academic achievement. Others also found that students working
between 1 and 15 hours per week showed a slightly higher GPA than those with a heavier
workload.
In addition, in the study of Curtis and Shani (2002), students who are working
part-time will most likely miss lecturers and feel that they could achieve higher grades
had they not been working. For that reason, universities should be aware of contemporary
student lives. They should introduce an element of flexibility as a means of structuring
assignments and course requirements to support this (Curtis, 2007). Positively, perhaps
students might acquire personal transferable skills, enhance employability and increase
confidence in the world of work (Watts & Pickering, 2000).
Working students is a common phenomenon, Jogaratnam and Buchanan (2004)
suggested that universities have a moral requirement to more effectively understand and
manage the stressors experienced by students studying full-time and working part-time.
College years are stressful for many students due to many factors including
separation from family, academic work demand, financial concern and part-time job
engagement (Lederman et. al, 2009). In particular, many college and university students
undertake campus employment during their school years. Students’ engagement in
employment poses a conflict between academic work and job (Misra & McKean, 2000).
Previous research on students’ campus employment shows contradicting results regarding
the effects of employment on their well-being and health status.
Keinan and Tal (2005), indicated that a low level of stress can be positive for
some people but it can also be negatively associated with students’ self-concepts. Thus, it
is not whether students work during the school year that matters but rather the effects of
working depends a great deal on the individual student differences. These authors argued
that a certain stress level is healthy (eustress) for the majority of individuals and this
tends to promote a board range of the positive action and experience for the individuals.
On the other hand, stress becomes detrimental to health only when it is excessive. Thus,
an individual needs a certain level of stress for motivation, creativity and to face
challenges. However, long and continual unresolved stress can lead to physical and
mental exhaustion (Carney et al., 2005).
Working full-time while also studying full-time clearly requires a lot of effort.
Putting so much of one’s mental and physical energy into this uneasy arrangement
usually leaves a feeling of fatigue, stress, or both. Students who work while studying are
those who usually belong to families with low average income, where survival is a must.
Tuttle (2005) describes them as lower-income students, and to some extent, middle-
income students, who have some unmet financial burdens and need to work while
studying.
In the Philippines, according to the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
about 216,000 students in the country are currently juggling school and work, this figure
is about 8% of the total number of college students in the country. CHED said working
students today are mostly into food service, entertainment and sales, apart from their
usual stints as library and research assistants. “Due to financial crisis that’s why they
need a extra income,” said lawyer Julito Vitriolo, officer-in-charge at CHED’s office of
the executive director. Vitriolo also added that these students are forced to work because
of higher commodity prices and tuition fees. The CHED said that only 50% of working
students get to finish college, as many cannot cope and cannot concentrate on their
studies, while some have poor health, while others give up because of insufficient funds.
According to Walter (2020), the issue of education accessibility has been plaguing
the Philippines for the longest time now. Most families struggle to meet the excruciating
demand of sending their children to school – and actually have them finish it. With the
Philippines as a developing country, this is not a rare sight. Being a working student is a
desperate response to this hunger for attainable education. Majority of the Filipinos from
middle-class down to those on the poverty line have once struggled juggling a job and
their academic responsibilities. All of these, just to be able to fend for themselves and
their studies.
In line with this, the researchers aimed to identify the live experiences of the
working students of College of Criminal Justice Education Tarlac State University to
further understand their situation and at the same time to help and give them
recommendations and solutions to their challenges as working students. It particularly
addresses the following objectives:
1. To fully understand the struggles encountered by the working students
2. To help them to cope up with the mentioned struggles by giving recommendations
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to evaluate the live experiences of the criminology working student
Specifically, it aims to provide answers to the following questions:
1. What are the challenges encountered by the Criminology working students of
Tarlac State University as to:
1.1. Schedule
1.2. Financial
1.3. Physical
1.4. mental
2. What are the coping strategies of Criminology working students to cope up with
the challenges they encountered as to:
2.1. Schedule
2.2. Financial
2.3. Physical
2.4. Mental
3. Recommendation
Paradigm of the Study
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Challenges encountered by the

Criminology working students
Semi-structured interview Propose measure
of Tarlac State University as
to:
 Schedule
 Financial
 Physical
 mental
Coping strategies of
Criminology working students
to cope up with the challenges
they encountered as to:
 Schedule
 Financial
 Physical
 mental
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
The main concern of this study is to identify the live experiences of the working
student of College of Criminal Justice Education Tarlac State University to further
understand their situation and at the same time to help them and give them
recommendations and solution to their challenges as the working students. The
conceptual paradigm shows the process to be follow including the data that must be
collected, the means or instrument to be used in collecting and the propose measure.
This study is anchored in several theories. One of these theories is Human Capital
Theory (Becker, 1964), this theory believes that student employment may help the
student in education by acquiring additional skills and knowledge while working. Student
work may lead to such an increase in human capital by variety of reasons. First, student
employment enables the acquisition of new general and transferable skills such as work
values, communication skills, and a sense of time management (Speckesser et. al, 2012) .
Second, combining study and work may offer students the opportunity to apply in
practice what they have learned in school (Geel & Backes-Gellner, 2012). Third, student
employment may increase future-orientedness and thereby motivate students to work
harder in school in order to achieve a certain career goal ( Rothstein, 2007).
On the other hand, building on the Theory of the Allocation of Time (Becker,
1965), the Zero-Sum Theory suggests that student employment and education are
substitutes. It is argued that student employment strongly constrains students’ use of
time: time spent working crowds out time spent on activities that enhance academic
performance (e.g. studying, doing homework, and attending classes; Bozick, 2007;
Kalenkoski & Pabilonia, 2009; 2012). As the reduced time spent on the latter activities
subsequently worsens academic performance ( Smith et. al, 2012), student employment
may have a detrimental effect on educational attainment. However, spending one hour
more on student work does not necessarily translate into spending one hour less on study
activities(Triventi, 2014). In other words, student workers may cut back on leisure time
without reducing the time they dedicate to school-related activities. Indeed,
(Warren,2002) find that time spent working does not reduce the time spent on school-
related activities in a one-to-one relationship. Working students also scale down the time
spent on non-school-related activities (e.g. time spent with family or friends and time
spent watching television or in front of a computer). In this case, the Zero-Sum Theory is
not (or is less) valid.
Another theory that supports a negative association between student work and
educational success is the Primary Orientation Theory ( Warren et. al, 2002), often cited
in the field of sociology. This theory suggests that the worse academic performance of
working students is related to their primary orientation being toward work rather than
toward school. In other words, it reflects a disengagement from school that existed before
the decision to work was made, rather than a negative effect due to student employment
itself. Therefore, instead of providing an explanation for a causal, negative effect of
student work, this theory reveals a potential selection problem that one wants to control
for in empirical analyses. Indeed, (Triventi et. al, 2014) hypothesize that when pre-
existing differences between working and non-working students, such as their primary
orientation, are properly controlled for, the difference in academic performance between
these two groups disappears.
Scope and Delimitation
The participants of the study are limited only to ten (10) Criminology Working
Students of Tarlac State University. The study focuses on identifying the live experiences
of the working students to further understand their situation and at the same time to help
and give them recommendations and solutions to their challenges as working students.
Significance of the Study
The finding of this study will beneficial the following;
To the Working students, it will give them additional knowledge when it comes in
coping strategies that they may use in order for them to easily overcome the challenges
they may possibly encounter.
To the Students, this study may give information and knowledge regarding what
challenges they may encountered, financially, physically, mentally as well as creating
their schedule when they choose to work while studying. It may also help other students
to understand the situation of their colleagues who are studying while working.
To the Teachers or Professors, to have an extensive understanding concerning the
situation faced by their working students, in providing them with alternative task and
academic measures without sacrificing of any teaching methods and quality of learning,
whenever conflicts between work and studies arise.
To the School/University, this study may serve as their basis in making supportive
regulations or requirements for students who have to work while studying.
To the Parents, this study will motivate them to become more supportive and more
understanding towards their children.
To the Readers, the result of this study will benefit the readers by knowing the life and
struggle of a working student and how they survive in their everyday life.
To the Future researchers, they use the findings of this study as a guide for their further
studies and investigation particularly related to the topic or with regard to live
experiences of the working students.
Scope and Delimitation
The researchers focused on live experiences of criminology students of Tarlac
State University, the challenges and coping mechanism in terms of schedule, physical,
mental and financial. This study limits only to Criminology Working Students who are
currently enrolled at Tarlac State University in the school year 2020-2021.
Definition of Terms
Coping mechanism- is a psychological strategy or adaptation that a person relies on to
manage stress. The technique of the working student to manage the challenges they are
facing
Challenges-struggles facing by the working students, may it be physical, mental,
financial and proper scheduling.
Criminology -refers to the scientific study of crimes, criminals, and victims, it also deals
with the prevention, and solution of crimes.
Financial - means relating to or involving money and one of the factors affecting the life
of the working students.
Life experiences- experience and knowledge gained through living. The experiences
encountered by the students who are working while studying.
Physical- is one of the factor which being affected by the challenges faced by the
working students, relating to the state of the body or its appearance.
Mental- is one of the factor which being affected by the challenges faced by the working
students, relating to mind.
Schedule- is one of the factor which being affected by the challenges faced by the
working students relating to time.
Working Students– are people who are studying and working at the same time.
Chapter II
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design and methodology that were employed
by the researchers in data gathering used in the interpretation and in arriving at a
conclusion and recommendation.
Research Design
Qualitative method was employed by the researchers specifically Case Study.
According to Bhandari (2020), a qualitative research involves the collection and
analyzation of a non-numerical data such as text, video, audio, etc. to understand
concepts, certain topics or experiences from people. The researchers aimed to analyze
and get a deeper understanding on to the live experiences by the working students and
how they encountered their struggles. Case study is an in-depth investigation of a single
person, group, event or community. Typically data are gathered from a variety of sources
and by using several different methods such as observations and interviews.
Locale of the Study
The study will be conducted in Tarlac State University, Lucinda Campus Brgy.
Binauganan, Tarlac City, where the respondents are currently studying.
The Respondent of the Study
A sample of ten (10) working students with different state and different situation
in life was selected through purposive sampling technique. An unstructured interview
was framed for data collection. Purposive sampling is a technique where you choose
people whom you are sure could correspond to the objectives of the study, like selecting
with rich experience or interest in the study.
Research Instrument
The researchers will try to obtain valuable information about the live experiences
of the working students and how they overcome their struggles .The researchers will
collect data through interview and review of records. Record is a technique to completely
gather the data and information needed in the study. The information gathered through
phone recording. Interview is a technique in data gathering where you ask questions
verbally. These questions will answer for what the study is looking for. Semi-structured
Interview is a type of interview in which the interviewer asks only a few predetermined
questions while the rest of the questions are not planned in advance.
Methods of Gathering Data
After the determination of the instrument to be used and the selected respondents,
the researchers approached the qualified working students by asking their permission to
be the subject of this study. The respondents were contacted by video chat through the
use of messenger to elicit the required information. Each respondent was interviewed at
least two days for data collection. Flexibility of questions was maintained, if the
respondent was not able to respond accurately, then the same question was asked in a
different way. Responses were recorded. Researchers explained well to the respondents
what is all about the research before the actual interview.
Data Analysis
All data gathered by the researchers will be kept and extracted in useful
information and will serve as the basis in formulating the propose measures of the study.
The researchers will use Thematic Analysis. Thematic analysis is a method of analyzing
qualitative data. The researcher closely examines the data to identify common themes,
topics, ideas and patterns of meaning that come up repeatedly.
The following are the steps that the researchers will undertake to analyze the data.
1. Familiarizing the data, the answers in the interview were transcribed and read
repeatedly.
2. Search for themes based on the data and different interviews. After searching,
the themes were noted and clustered into superordinate concepts.
3. The themes were translated into narrative concept and simplified.
Ethical Consideration
During the data gathering, the researchers observed the proper ethical procedure
that is needed. First, the researchers only interview those respondents who voluntarily
want to participate in the study. It was also explained that there is no unwanted or adverse
effect of any kind related to the study. Data gathered will be kept confidential by the
researchers.
Chapter III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This part present the findings of the study and the discussion of the data analyzed
and interpreted. The table below shows the general themes extracted from the answer of
the respondents in relation to live experiences of the criminology working students. The
excerpts were also taken verbatim to prove the themes identified.
Table 1: Superordinate and Subordinate Themes derived from the data
Superordinate Themes Subordinate Themes
Conflict in schedule
Challenges of the working students Financial sustainability
Health Problems
Mental/Emotional problems
Time management
Strategies and way of coping Proper budgeting
Healthy lifestyle/routine
Leisure time
The superordinate themes are based and in line with the research questions which
produced the subordinate themes which is explained in the next table.
Table 2: Challenges of the working student

Subordinate Themes Excerpts
Conflict with schedule “Sometimes, it’s hard to have time
management since the time allotted for
work and studies don’t correlate”
Financial sustainability “One of my problems when it comes to
financial is the absence of
money/allowance especially since I need
load to be able to attend my online
classes.”
“I can’t provide what I need and what my

family needs, too”
Health Problems “ lack of sleep and because of this I
experience severe headaches, stinging of
my eyes and even body fatigue”
“I lose weight because there are times

when I don’t have an appetite due to work
and doing activities”
Mental/Emotional problems “Stress is the biggest challenge I’m

overcoming when it comes to mental.
Especially with the overload of activities at
school and the weariness from work. "
“I sometimes over think over matters such

as thinking what to do first”
This study shows the challenges of the working student wherein it appeared that
almost of the crimininology working students of Tarlac State University are having hard
time in managing their time due to their incompatible schedule in work and school. Aside
from that, most of the respondents also suffers from lack of money as sometimes they
didn't sustain their school needs; stress due to simultaneous activities at work and school;
and lack of sleep which causes headache, eye and body pain. According to one of the
respondents, "Minsan dahil kulang sa tulog at masakit ang ulo, hindi ako
nakakapagfocus sa mga discussions” (Since I lack sleep and experience headaches, I
couldn’t focus on some discussions, Personal communication 2020). According to
Jogaratnam and Buchanan (2004) that students who choose to do part-time job were most
likely to suffer from stress. As many studies suggested, indeed a combination of full-time
studying and part-time working can have a detrimental effect in the physical and mental
health of students. It can create the negative effect on academic performance (Darolia,
2014). Thus, these challenges greatly affect the academic performance of working
students.
Table 3: Strategies and way of coping
Subordinate Themes Excerpts
Time management
“I experience conflict in my schedule, I
manage my time well. Upon arriving at
home from work, I quickly do my school
activities and homeworks that I need to
finish”
Proper budgeting
“Most of the times, our budget is shortened
that’s why I only buy things that are
essential”
“I allocate my budget well. I prevent myself

from buying things that I want and I only
spend money when necessary”
Healthy lifestyle/routine
“There are times when my head and eyes
are in pain, and all I can do is rest and
short naps”
“ I eat healthy meals and exercise if I have

the time”
Leisure time
“If I’m stressed out, I take time in playing
online games and watch funny videos
(memes)”
“I visit my social media accounts and

watch tiktok videos as well.”
The study shows that the Criminology Working Students of Tarlac State
University, despite of different challenges they face in everyday life, they still manage
and know how to cope up with the said challenges. Most of the respondents manage these
by good time management; proper budgeting and allocation of money; proper and healthy
lifestyle; and having leisure time such as surfing the internet and playing online games.
According to some studies, there are many working students who are able to handle their
challenges by using different coping strategies. In the study conducted by Carolyn, et al,
revealed that time management was a significant mediator for working students. Another
supporting study is the research conducted in the Northeastern Public University in the
United States, it revealed that students use leisure and non-leisure activities to break away
stressful feelings resulting from their dual role in studying and working. Even though
they faced a lot of challenges, they remain strong because they want to have a better life
in the future. According to one of the respondents, "Madaming paraan para malampasan
natin ang mga problema, magpatuloy ka lang at magtiwala" (There are many ways to
overcome our problems, persevere and trust in yourself, Personal communication 2020).
Through this study, it will be beneficial for those who are planning to be a working
student as they may use or adopt these coping mechanisms.
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
Based on the gathered and presented data, the researchers have come up with
conclusions:
1. The Criminology Working Students of Tarlac State are mostly having a hard time in
managing their time especially those students who have problems or conflicts in their
schedule. They are also experiencing struggles because of their family’s lack of money
and unstable financial sustainability thus; they couldn’t provide their needs especially for
school. The researcher also concluded that these working students suffer from stress, eye,
and body pain because of simultaneous school activities and their job. As the result of
these challenges, it sometimes affects their academic performance.
2. The Criminology Working Students of Tarlac State University uses a lot of different
coping mechanisms in combating their struggles or challenges they are facing in their
work and school life. The researchers found out that their usual coping strategies are
good time management; proper budgeting and allocation of money; proper and healthy
lifestyle; and having leisure time such as surfing the internet and playing online games.
Recommendations
The following recommendations are offered based on the findings and conclusion:
1. The criminology working students should submit a letter for consideration to their
instructors/professors informing them about their challenges in both school and work life.
The instructors should be considerate, they should lessen the workloads and pressure of
their students specially those who are working while studying.
2. The criminology working students should improve their management skills especially
when it comes in time and financial. They should know how to prioritize what are things
that must be done first and really needed. The researchers also recommend to not stick in
these coping strategies instead discover more like doing their talents, with that there will
be a chance to improve their talents and at the same time cope up their challenges.
PROPOSE MEASURE FOR THE CRIMINOLOGY WORKING STUDENT OF

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY IN COPING WITH THEIR CHALLENGES
Areas concern Strategies Activities Means of verification
Conflict in schedule To cater seminar or The student  certificates of
of criminology activities leaders/officers participation
working students of together with the help  Documentation such as
TSU of the faculty members photographs
should invite speak.er  Program of the seminar
to conduct seminar in  Letter of Invitation
relation to time
management
The instructor should  Class schedule
To propose adjustment of be considerate to their
class schedule students. They should
adjust the schedule of
the working student in
their comfortable time
The working students
should prioritize the
Proper allocation of time things that must be  To do list/Time
done first. They should management plan
have proper time
management
Financial To prioritize the working The school should  List of scholars

sustainability of students in scholarship prioritize or
criminology programs. automatically qualified
working students of the working student for
TSU the scholarship
application.
The working student
Proper budgeting or should prioritize the  Budget Plan
allocation of money. important things
needed and set aside
their wants.
Health Problems of To undergo consultation Working students
criminology at medical/health center. should give concerns  Medical
working students of about their health. Clearance/Certificate
TSU They should practice to
consult doctor/health
officer whenever they
have health problems
To provide medical Reconstruction of
assistance to the working health offices in every
students like giving free department.  Blueprints of the new
medicines and proper health offices
place for medication.
Mental/Emotional To undergo consultation Working students
problems of such as counseling should consult the  Self Assessment
criminology guidance counseling  Records of the Guidance
working students of unit for help and Counseling Unit
TSU To propose conduct of advise.
seminars/talks and The school should  Program of the
activities to help the conduct seminars/talks seminars/activities
working students in about mental health,  Certificate Letter of
coping up their challenges they should invite Invitation
especially their groups or organisations  Documentation
mental/emotional advocating mental
problems. health awareness. They
should also conduct
activities such as
online game
competitions and team
building activities
REFERENCES
Robinson, L. (1999). The effects of part-time work on school students.
https://research.acer.edu.au/ lsay_research/18
Tumin,. Ahmad F. (2017).The Experiences of working while studying: A Case study

of postgraduate Students at International Islamic University Malaysia.
https://www.academia.edu/32343261/The_Experiences_of_Working_While
_Studying_A_Case_Study_of_Postgraduate_Students_at_International.
Pickering A. (2000). Pay as You Learn: Student Employment and Academic

Progress.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234718487_Pay_as_You_Lear
n_Student_Employment_and_Academic_Progress.
Shirley D.A., Ely S.C., Linda M.N.(2015) Lived Experiences of On - Campus Working
Student. Retrieved fromhttps://www.academia.edu/31656054/Lived_
Experiences_of_O Campus_Working_Students.
Shirley D.A., Ely S.C., Linda M.N. (2015) Lived Experiences of On - Campus Working
Students. www.openscienceonline.com / 7330164.pdf
Manthei R., Gilmore A., (2005) The Effect of Paid Employment on University
Students’Lives.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250915501_The_Effect_
of_Paid_Employment_on_University_Students'_Lives.
Furr S., Elling W. T. (2000). The Influence of Work on College Student Development
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234640918_The_Infuence_of
Work_on_college_Student_Development.
Curtis S., Shani N. (2002). The Effect of Taking Paid Employment During Term-Time
on Students’ Academic Studies.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/37795798_The_Effect_of_Taking_Paid_E
mployment_During_Term-Time_on_Students'_Academic_Studies
Malaysia U., Tumin., Faizuddin A. (2018) The Experiences of Working While

Studying: A Case Study of Postgraduate Students at International Islamic.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328379557_The_Experiences_of_W
orking_While_Studying_A_Case_Study_of_Postgraduate_Students_at_Internati
onal_Islamic
Kwadzo M. (2014). International Students' Experience of Studying and Working

OJED. www.ojed.org › jis › downloadPDF Web results
Segerstorm S. C. Optimism and immunity: Do positive thoughts always lead to

positive effects. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1948078/
Idealist. (2020) Working Full-Time and Studying Full-Time: Is It Possible?.

https://www.idealist.org/grad-schools/blog/working-full-time-studying-full
time#menu
ABS - CBN News. (2010) Only half of working students finish college: CHED.
https://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/youth/06/13/10/only-half-working
students-finish-college-ched
Walter J. (2020) The Life of a Filipino Working Student.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.imcgrupo.com/the-life-of-a-
filipino-working-student/amp/
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Criminology Department
Dr. Theodore M. Timpac

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
Dear Sir;
We the Tarlac State University Criminology students are conducting a research on the “Live
Experiences of Criminology Working Students of Tarlac State University". This research also
includes a survey on the experiences and opinions of respondents regarding the study.
In this regard, we are kindly asking your permission to allow us in conducting this research inside
our college.
We are looking forward for your favorable response.
Respectfully yours,
Jonas M. Mangila
Research Leader
Noted by;
Anthony John A. Jimenez
Research Instructor
Approved;
Dr. Theodore M. Timpac

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
APPENDIX B
Live Experiences of Criminology Working Students of Tarlac State University
Dear Respondents,
We, the Tarlac State University-College of Criminal Justice Education students are conducting a research
about the “Live Experiences of Criminology Working Students of Tarlac State University”. This research
includes a survey on your experience and opinions regarding the study.
In this regard, we are kindly asking for your participation in this survey/interview. The purpose of this is
to fully understand the struggles encountered by the working students and to help them to cope up with
the mentioned struggles by giving recommendations.
We assure you that the information regarding this will be strictly confidential. Your participation is
voluntary.
Thank you for your support.
Respectfully yours,
Krizel P. Madriaga Charles Denver B. Subaran
Ariel R. Mallari
Emerson A. Mallari
Jonas M. Mangila
Jacky D. Mangurnong
Reina Mae S. Maniego
APPENDIX C
GUIDE QUESTIONAIRE
22
Name:
Gender:
Age:
Work:
Company:
Contact Number:
Address:
What are the challenges do you encounter and your coping mechanisms as a working student in terms
of;
1. Schedule
1.1. How many hours do you work a day?
1.2. As a working student, what are the challenges do you encounter in terms of schedule?
1.3. Is there a conflict in schedule between your job and study?
1.4. How does it affect your academic performance?
1.5. How do you cope up with these challenges?
1.6. 1. How do you balance your time in study and time in work?
2. Financial
2.1 Is it financial reason why you chose to work while studying? Or is there any other reason/s?
2.2 What are the challenges you are facing in terms of financial?
2.4 How do you cope with these challenges?
23
2.5. How do you manage your finances?
2.6. How important is your job in supporting your financial needs especially in school?
3. Physical
3.1. What are the negative effects of being working students in your health?
3.3. How do you maintain being healthy?
3.4. What are your coping mechanism in able to manage having good physical health and
appearance?
4. Mental
4.1. As a working student, what are the challenges do you encounter in terms of mental aspect?
4.2. Do you suffer stress? How do you manage it?
4.3. Does these mental challenges affect your academic performance?
4.4. What are your coping mechanisms?
24
CURRICULUM VITAE
KRIZEL PASCUA MADRIAGA
Sembrano, Gerona, Tarlac.
krizelmadriaga@gmail.com
09568534036
Religion: Catholic
Gender: Female
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
25
Date of Birth: February 27, 2000
Age: 20
Place of Birth: Gerona, Tarlac
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary: Tarlac State University
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Romulo Blvd., Tarlac City
Secondary: Gerona Western National High School

2013-2018 Academic track- TVL
Elementary: Sulipa Elementary School

2011-2012 Brgy. Sulipa, Gerona, Tarlac
SEMINARS AND TRAINING ATTENDED

November 12-26 Work Immersion Program
Fab-U-Looks
Gerona, Tarlac
October 22, 2018 Anti Rape Law and Anti-Sexual Harrasment

Seminar
TSU Gymnasium, Main Campus
April 27, 2019 Ligtas Na Pilipinas Ating Kamtin, Bawat

Pamilya Ay Sanayin, Kaalaman Sa Sunog Ay
Palawakin
LS Court, Villa Lucinda Campus
May 6, 2019 Pilipiknow: Philippine Political Issues Forum

Tarlac State University Main AVR
May 31, 2019 Changing lives Building a Safer Nation

September 23, 2019 Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006

Seminar
26
November 22-24, 2019 5th Trailblaze Leadership Congress
TSU Hostel, Lucinda Campus
December 9, 2019 VAW Forum Towards a VAW-Free TSU

CURRICULUM VITAE
MANGILA, JONAS M
Brgy. San Nicolas, Tarlac City
Jonasmangila1@gmail.com
09614603461
Religion: Roman Catholic
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: February 23, 2000
Age: 20
27
Place of Birth: Iligan City, Lanao Del Norte
Secondary: Maliwalo National High School

2017-2018 Technical Vocational Livelihood Track – Shielded Metal Arc
Welding Strand
Elementary: Sto. Cristo Elementary School
2006-2012 Brgy. Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City
AFFILIATION
Member League of Young Criminologists
A.Y. 2020-2021
A.Y. 2019-2020
A.Y. 2018-2019
Vice President Tarlac State University – Reserve Officers Training Corps Unit
A.Y 2018-2019

December 4-15, 2017 Work Immersion Program
Tarlac City hall, Tarlac City
January 9-13, 2018 Work Immersion Program

Jose and Demetria Cojuangco
foundation - Tarlac Training Center,
Brgy. San Miguel, Tarlac City
October 22, 2018 Anti Rape Law and Anti-Sexual Harrasment Seminar
28
February 20, 2019 Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018

Seminar
TSU, Gymnasium, Main Campus
April 27, 2019 Fire Prevention and Control Seminar

TSU, LS Court, Villa Lucinda Campus
May 21, 2019 Jail Management and Penology Seminar

TSU, Gymnasium, Main Campus

Seminar

CURRICULUM VITAE
JACKY DUQUE MANGURNONG

Brgy. Sinait, Tarlac City
jackyduquemangurnong@gmail.com
09096394301
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: October 1, 1999
Age: 20
Place of Birth: Tarlac City, Tarlac
29
Secondary: Tarlac National High School

2017-2018 Academic Track- Accountancy, Business and
Management Strand
Elementary: Sinait Elementary School

2011-2012 Brgy. Sinait, Tarlac City
AFFILIATION
Vice President (Internal) League of Young Criminologists
A.Y. 2020-2021
Vice President (Internal) League of Young Criminologists
A.Y. 2019-2020

Goldilocks Inc., Mc Arthur Highway
San Roque, Tarlac City

Seminar

Palawakin

30
Seminar
October 26-27, 2019 21st Student Leaders Summit



November 21, 2020. Lider-Estudyante Sa Bagong Karaniwan: A

Podcast Series
Webinar
CURRICULUM VITAE
Brgy. Motrico, La Paz, Tarlac
mamaclaylawrence412@gmail.com
09510183113
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: December 23, 1999
Age: 20
Place of Birth: Victoria, Tarlac
31
Secondary: Comillas High School

2017-2018 Academic Track
General Academic Strand
Elementary: Motrico Elementary School

2011-2012 Brgy. Motrico,La Paz, Tarlac City
AFFILIATION
None

Engineering Department La Paz
La Paz, Tarlac City

Seminar

Palawakin

Seminar
32
CURRICULUM VITAE
REINA MAE S. MANIEGO

Brgy. Matayumtayum La Paz Tarlac
palmaniegoreinamae@gmail.com
09663716500
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: July 16, 1999
Age: 21
Place of Birth: Tarlac City, Tarlac
Secondary: Baybayin National High School
33
Brgy. Baybayin Rosario Batangas
2017-2018 Humanities and Social Sciences
Elementary: Maligaya Elementary School

2011-2012 Brgy. Maligaya Rosario Batangas
AFFILIATION
A.Y. 2020-2021
A.Y. 2019-2020
A.Y. 2018-2019

Municipal Hall of Rosario, Batangas

Seminar

Palawakin


Seminar


34

Podcast Series
Webinar
CURRICULUM VITAE
SUBARAN, CHARLES DENVER B

Brgy. Carbonel, Gerona, Tarlac
Denverbaltazar15@gmail.com
09487859648

Gender: Male
Date of Birth: November 15, 1999
Age: 21
Place of Birth: Gerona, Tarlac
Secondary: Gerona Junior College

2017-2018 Humanities And Social Sciences Strand
35
Elementary: Gerona North Central Elem. School
2006-2012 Pob. #3, Gerona, Tarlac
AFFILIATION
A.Y. 2020-2021
A.Y. 2019-2020
A.Y. 2018-2019

Seminar

Palawakin


Seminar




Podcast Series
Webinar
36
CURRICULUM VITAE
ARIEL R. MALLARI
Brgy. Atioc Tarlac City
Mallariariel17@gmail.com
09273772453
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: November 17, 1999
Age: 22
Place of Birth: Pateros Manila
Secondary: San Miguel Campus High School

2017-2018 Academic Track
Shielded Metal Arc welding
Elementary: San Miguel Elementary School

2011-2012 Brgy. San Miguel Tarlac City
37
AFFILIATION
A.Y. 2020-2021
A.Y. 2019-2020
A.Y. 2018-2019

San Rafael Arthur welding shop,
San Rafael Tarlac city

Seminar

Palawakin


Seminar




Podcast Series
Webinar
38
CURRICULUM VITAE
EMERSON ALMUETE MALLARI

Balite, Pura, Tarlac
-emersonmallari792@gmail.com
09386441706
Religion: Born Again Christian
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: June 10, 2000
Age: 20
Place of Birth: Cabanatuan City
Secondary: S. H Pura Central High School

2017-2018 General Academic Strand (GAS)
2013-2016 J. H Maugib High School
Elementary: Dona Felisa Y. Sawit E. S

2011-2012 Brgy. Balite, Pura, Tarlac
February 17-28 Work Immersion Program
Bureau of fire Protection Station
Poblacion 2, Pura, Tarlac

Seminar
39
February 20, 2019 Criminology Profession in the Philippines


Palawakin

May 31, 2019 Changing lives Building a Safer Nation


Seminar


40

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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Tarlac State University

“Live Experiences of Criminology Working Students of

A Research Presented to the Faculty of

In Partial Fulfillment of the Subject

Title : “LIVE EXPERIENCES OF THE CRIMINOLOGY WORKING

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Challenges encountered by the

Challenges of the working students Financial sustainability

Strategies and way of coping Proper budgeting

Table 2: Challenges of the working student

“I can’t provide what I need and what my

“I lose weight because there are times

Mental/Emotional problems “Stress is the biggest challenge I’m

“I sometimes over think over matters such

“I allocate my budget well. I prevent myself

“ I eat healthy meals and exercise if I have

“I visit my social media accounts and

PROPOSE MEASURE FOR THE CRIMINOLOGY WORKING STUDENT OF

Financial To prioritize the working The school should  List of scholars

Tumin,. Ahmad F. (2017).The Experiences of working while studying: A Case study

Pickering A. (2000). Pay as You Learn: Student Employment and Academic

Malaysia U., Tumin., Faizuddin A. (2018) The Experiences of Working While

Kwadzo M. (2014). International Students' Experience of Studying and Working

Segerstorm S. C. Optimism and immunity: Do positive thoughts always lead to

Idealist. (2020) Working Full-Time and Studying Full-Time: Is It Possible?.

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Dr. Theodore M. Timpac

Dr. Theodore M. Timpac

Krizel P. Madriaga Charles Denver B. Subaran

Reina Mae S. Maniego

1.3. Is there a conflict in schedule between your job and study?

1.4. How does it affect your academic performance?

1.5. How do you cope up with these challenges?

2.3. How does it affect your academic performance?

2.4 How do you cope with these challenges?

3.2. How does it affect your academic performance?

3.3. How do you maintain being healthy?

4.2. Do you suffer stress? How do you manage it?

4.3. Does these mental challenges affect your academic performance?

4.4. What are your coping mechanisms?

Secondary: Gerona Western National High School

Elementary: Sulipa Elementary School

SEMINARS AND TRAINING ATTENDED

October 22, 2018 Anti Rape Law and Anti-Sexual Harrasment

April 27, 2019 Ligtas Na Pilipinas Ating Kamtin, Bawat

May 6, 2019 Pilipiknow: Philippine Political Issues Forum

May 31, 2019 Changing lives Building a Safer Nation

September 23, 2019 Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006

December 9, 2019 VAW Forum Towards a VAW-Free TSU

Secondary: Maliwalo National High School

SEMINARS AND TRAINING ATTENDED

January 9-13, 2018 Work Immersion Program

February 20, 2019 Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018

April 27, 2019 Fire Prevention and Control Seminar

May 21, 2019 Jail Management and Penology Seminar

September 23, 2019 Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006

December 9, 2019 VAW Forum Towards a VAW-Free TSU

JACKY DUQUE MANGURNONG

Secondary: Tarlac National High School

Elementary: Sinait Elementary School

SEMINARS AND TRAINING ATTENDED