Saint Paul University Dumaguete

College of Nursing
S.Y. 2019-2020

CHAPTER I

Introduction

Fifty years ago, no one knew the term “Social Media”. It all started in 1844; Samuel

Morse made the first step towards some resemblance of social media when he sent a telegraph

from Washington D.C to Baltimore. Morse's first message read "What have God wrought?". But

now, everyone knows about it. This term has become a common knowledge in society especially

for youngsters. Social media always appear every year with more interesting things that can be

offered to internet users. Now, there are many social media like Blogger, MySpace, Facebook,

Twitter, Pinterest and so on. (A Brief History of Social Media. (2013, February 17). Retrieved

from https://www.dgtraffic.com/a-brief-history-of-social-media/)

Social Media is a community-based communication where content and information sharing

may take place. Some examples of social media that are also focused in our study is Twitter and

Facebook. These applications allow people to upload photos, videos, send messages,

broadcastand broadcast posts known as tweets or Facebook status by the use of different

platforms and devices. Social media has created an easier and convenient new style of

communication, which made huge impact on people specifically to the youth. It is also used as a

popular hub to connect and communicate with the world at large.

Most people in the world today use social media in their daily lives and with its accessibility

people around the world freely posts whatever they want or shares post to whomever they want.

It also brought people with common interests together and expanded the of ideas worldwide.

However, there has also been an impact of social media on human behaviourbehavior and society

(Chaturvedi, 2018). According to Chaturvedi, human behavior changes more when they get

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involved with technology especially with social media. The daily use of social media by people

has increased so much that it is slowly injecting an inflection the behavior of a person.

The aim of this study is to identify college students' netiquette and its behavioral effects

among them. This research is also done to provide awareness to college students in St. Paul

University Dumaguete, about how social media might affect them through physical, emotional

and cognitive aspects. Hence, to improve college student’s behavior in dealing with these issues

with the proper use of social media.

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Statement of the Research Problem

This research will look into the deeper coping mechanisms that diagnosed patients took

to heal themselves. Covid-19 affects not just the immune system but can also affect ones mind

and the other aspects of a person. Going through several patients on how they dealt with Covid-

19 can give the audience a way better spectrum on how people can deal with this type of

sickness.

The research question that will guide this study is “What are the lived experiences of the

patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Negros Oriental?”

To gather this information, the following sub-questions are addressed to answer the main

problem:

1. How do they think they were diagnosed with COVID-19?

2. What were their thoughts about COVID-19 when they were tested positive, when
recovered and after a month when they recovered from COVID-19?
3. How were they emotionally affected when they were tested positive, when recovered and
after a month when they recovered from COVID-19?
4. Did they go through any different emotions?
What were these specific emotions they experienced when they were tested positive, when

recovered and after a month when they recovered from COVID-19?

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Purpose of the Study

The purpose of our study is to provide baseline information about the perceptions of college

students about vulgarity in social media together with their common experiences of vulgarity in

social media, in line with their common expressions used and observed as well as the effects of

vulgarity for them. This study will aid guidance counselors to guide students through counseling

or awareness programs that will help students cope with vulgarity or improve online

behavioursbehaviors that may be morally unacceptable.

Significance of the Study

Social media plays an important role to student's life. It made students access

information, provide information and communicate easier and conveniently via social media. It

became the foundation of modern communication and connection as it allows users to create

sense of belonging and redefine their way of being. This study is deemed to have beneficial

impact to the following:

College Students. This study will build awareness among college students on how social media

may affect them and how it possibly redefines their way of being. It will also give them

awareness of how vulgarity may affect a person’s well-being and improve their way of

socializing.

Social Media Users. This study will help improve behaviors of those social media users who

share inappropriate information and to those who also engage themselves in risky behaviors in

social media, thus, giving them the sense of awareness about the effects of social media

regarding such behavior.

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Scope and Limitations

This study covers information about perceptions of college students from St. Paul University

Dumaguete about vulgarity in social media together with their common experiences and

expressions encountered. Hence it also provides information about the effects of vulgarity in

social media towards them. It also includes its review of related literature and review of related

studies, theoretical background, research paradigm as well as the research methodology that is

finely discussed and elaborated. After finally gathering all information needed the researchers

interpreted and analyzed data and so the conclusion, recommendation and the summary of

findings are also covered in this study.

The respondents include bonafide students of St. Paul University Dumaguete who are of

legal age, specifically 18 years and above, from first year to fourth year college.

Definition of Terms

Vulgarity- tagging and posting of photos, videos with violent, abusive or scandalous content

with friends, cursing words, cursing someone on social media; making rude, coarse or unrefined

comments, reacting to explicit contents tagged by friends, forwarding videos of nudity and

obscenity, sharing revealing photos/videos and embarrassing someone online with rude/unrefined

words.

Social Media- described as anything that we post on social media sites like Facebook,

Instagram, twitter, snapchat and others; refers to any computer-based technology that facilitates

communication, sharing of ideas and thoughts and by design it gives quicker access to

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documentation, videos, photos.

Experiences- the respondents experiences about vulgarity on social media

Expressions- the respondents’ expression on social media when tagged or talked with vulgar

words and or sharing, liking, posting scandalous contents

Respondents- college students of SPUD of legal age from 1st year to 4th year college

Type of family- the type of family that the respondent has

Place of residence- the place that the respondents residing

Scandalous- showing of scandalous photos or videos online; ranting or cursing online

Abusive- showing of offensive behaviourbehavior

Violent- cyber threats to inflict pain or damage; any hostile action made in social media

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL

FRAMEWORK

Vulgarity

Vulgarity as well as obscenity have been the often reason for sanctions by high school

and college administrators, materials that are vulgar or indecent is a rising issue in press cases.

Though school administrators have feared the public reaction to such adverse to the school’s

reputation and themselves, personally.y (Nichols, 1981).,. (Nichols, John E., 1981).

Social Media

It involves interactive participation of people online. Media was then divided into two

ages, the broadcast and interactive stage. Broadcast age includes radio, television, newspaper

company, movie production studio which were distributed to different people. Communication

between people were always at a smaller level which may be delayed, indirect or impersonal.

With the newer generation (interactive stage), and the rise of mobile technologies,

communication turns into a larger scale thus making instant feedback possibilities. (((PDF)

Definition and Classes of Social Media - ResearchGate. (n.d.).Manning, 2014).

AccordingAccording to Daniel Nations of 2019, social media is described as anything that we

post on social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, twitter, Ssnapchat and others. Social media

was broken down into two simpler terms such as the social part that refers to interaction between

people and the media part which refers to instruments of communication. Another definition of

social media according to Maya Dollarhide of 2019, social media refers to any computer-based

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technology that facilitates communication, sharing of ideas and thoughts and by design it gives

quicker access to documentation, videos, photosand photos. According to Akakandelwa,

Akakandelwa & Walubita, Gabriel of Gabriel. (2018 Akakandelwa,), it was found out that “just

for a few minutes” made by students affected their academic performance and in fact it showed

students failed to cut off time spent on social media, they also received negative comments and

felt stressed out with the usage of social media, it showed 22.4% of students felt addicted to

social media. As what was explained in Rae Jacobson’s article of Child Mind Institute, it was

said that social media, especially with regards to teens, images may cause distress for many

teens. Teens may curate their lives. According to Donna Wick, EdD, teenagers are of high

vulnerability who need constant validation, who have the potential to compare themselves with

peer forms (Jacobson, R., & Child Mind Institute, 2019)(A-Z, T. and Tech, M. (2020). Social

Media and Self-Esteem | Impact of Social Media on Youth | Child Mind Institute. [online] Child

Mind Institute.

Technology

It has been a great factor in the society especially in lives of teenagers which is supported

with the theory of technological determinism where the influence of technology alter the

society’s nature. Current study shows peer aggression related to suicidal ideation among

adolescents. Youth who experienced such may either be offender or a victim where more suicidal

thoughts come to play. The findings provided evidence that peer aggression must be taken

seriously at school or at home thus, suggest a suicide prevention and intervention component as a

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response program that should be implemented in school (Hinduja, & Patchin, 2010).(Bullying,

Cyberbullying, and Suicide. (n.d.).

Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolution.

In the 4th industrial revolution highlights how technology will change processes in the

industry, smart cities, connected homes, driverless cars, certain wearable items including

healthcare. It also highlights the disruptive effects of technology and how it affects human

productivity through automation. In addition, major technological transformation shaping the

society becoming a consequence of the 4th industrial revolution. In this era, it will show how the

advances of technology forcing people to change strategies, as well as embracing artificial

intelligence (Skilton, M., & Hovsepian, F. (2018)). According to Klaus Schwab, 2016 advances

in artificial intelligence, like robotics, things in the internet, autonomous vehicles, 3D printing,

nanotechnology, biotechnology, science materials, energy storage, quantum computing, have

created new opportunities. He also added that this fourth industrial revolution fundamentally

changed the way people live, work and relate to each other. The advent of robotics and

automation was greatly embraced in the previous industrial revolutions. It was perceivable that

the fifth generation will bring similar changes in the worlds approach to industry and

manufacturing. In the fifth industrial revolution, there will be a paradigm change in how the

industry will produce evolutional process in the tools given in the 4th industrial revolution like

the internet of things, digital ledgers, advanced materials, additive manufactures ,manufactures,

AI and robotics as well as energy, technology, biotechnology, neuro technology, virtual and

augmented reality.

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Philippine Data Privacy Act of 2012.

According to republic act 10173, General provisions Chapter 1, sec. 2 says that, Data

Privacy Act of 2012 will protect the fundamental rights of people with regards to human right f

privacy and of communication, guaranteeing free flow of information to foster innovation and

growth. The country will recognize its vital role in relation to information and communications

with the use of technology to ensure that personal information communications systems in the

government and in the private sector are secured and protected.According to republic act 10173,

General provisions Chapter 1, sec. 1- this act shall be known as the “Data Privacy Act of 2012”

and under sec. 2, It is the policy of the State to protect the fundamental human right of privacy,

of communication while ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth.

The State recognizes the vital role of information and communications technology in nation-

building and its inherent obligation to ensure that personal information in information and

communications systems in the government and in the private sector are secured and protected.

(Republic Act 10173 – Data Privacy Act of 2012. (2016, July 1, 20169))

Review of Related Studies

Vulgarity

One study shows how adolescents online are associated with risky behavior, online

harassment and bullying. This study collected 495 students in Israel through an online survey.

Risky behaviors online, respondents reported their perceptions about peer’s attitudes towards

various risky behaviors. Study showed that only restrictive parents showed a positive effect

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(Crimmins, D.M., , & Seigfred-Spelaar K.C ,K.C, 2014). At relatively younger ages, in 15-40

percent, the strongest predictors are related to parental education, second is parental supervision,

third is child rearing skills, fourth is parental discord, fifth is family size and followed by broken

homes and socio-economic status (Wilson, J. Q. (2011).). Crime and public policy. New York:

Oxford University Press).

Place of residency & Type of family

One study shows how adolescents online are associated with risky behavior, online

harassment and bullying. This study collected 495 students in Israel through an online survey.

Risky behaviors online, respondents reported their perceptions about peer’s attitudes towards

various risky behaviors. Study showed that only restrictive parents showed a positive effect

(Crimmins, D. M., & Seigfried-Spellar, K. C. (2014). According to one author, Peer attachment,

sexual experiences, and risky online behaviors as predictors of sexting behaviors among

undergraduate students. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 268–275. doi:

10.1016/j.chb.2013.12.012.) aAt relatively younger ages in 15-40 percent, the strongest

predictors are related to parental education, second is parental supervision, third is child rearing

skills, fourth is parental discord, fifth is family size and followed by broken homes and socio-

economic status (Wilson, 2012)J. Q. (2011). Crime and public policy. New York: Oxford

University Press).

Social Media & Its Effects

Social media involves interactive participation of people online. Media was then divided into

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S.Y. 2019-2020

two ages, the broadcast and interactive stage. Broadcast age includes radio, television, newspaper

company, movie production studio which were distributed to different people. Communication

between people were always at a smaller level which may be delayed, indirect or impersonal.

With the newer generation (interactive stage), and the rise of mobile technologies,

communication turns into a larger scale thus making instant feedback possibilities. (Manning,

2014). ((PDF) Definition and Classes of Social Media - ResearchGate. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290514612_Definition_and_Classes_of_Social_Media

). According to Daniel Nations of 2019, social media is described as anything that we post on

social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, twitter, snapchat Snapchat and others. Social media

was broken down into two simpler terms such as the social part that refers to interaction between

people and the media part which refers to instruments of communication. Another definition of

social media according to Maya Dollar hide of 2019, social media refers to any computer-based

technology that facilitates communication, sharing of ideas and thoughts and by design it gives

quicker access to documentation, videos, photosand photos.

According to Akakandelwa, Akakandelwa & Walubita of, Gabriel. (201818), it was found

out that “just for a few minutes” made by students affected their academic performance and in

fact it showed students failed to cut off time spent on social media, they also received negative

comments and felt stressed out with the usage of social media, it showed 22.4% of students felt

addicted to social media. As what was explained in Rae Jacobson’s article of Child Mind

Institute, it was said that social media, especially with regards to teens, images may cause

distress for many teens. Teens may curate their lives. According to Donna Wick, EdD, teenagers

are of high vulnerability who need constant validation, causing insecurities having the potential

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College of Nursing
S.Y. 2019-2020

to compare with peer forms and cause low self esteemself-esteem (Jacobson, R., & Child Mind

Institute, 2019).(A-Z, T. and Tech, M. (2020).  Social Media and Self-Esteem | Impact of Social

Media on Youth | Child Mind Institute. [online] Child Mind Institute.

Suicide

Suicide rates among teenagers doubled since 2007. Between 2007 and 2015, technology

has been a great factor in the society, especially in the lives of teenagers. Through this, it has

made sending hurtful messages, and making indecent behaviors more easily. It is believed that

social media should be the reason to put people together, but ironically it may make them feel

alone causing depression. Commonly, teenagers don’t have enough experience to know itsit’s

okay, and this is where self-harm or suicide, may come to play (Blog.pcc.com., (2020). Social

Media, Self-Esteem, and Teen Suicide. [online] Available at: https://blog.pcc.com/social-media-

self-esteem-and-teen-suicide]. Suicide rates among teenagers doubled since 2007. Between 2007

and 2015, technology has been a great factor in the society, especially in the lives of teenagers.

Through this, it has made sending hurtful messages, and making indecent behaviors more

easiereasier. It is believed that social media should be the reason to put people together, but

ironically it may make them feel alone. Commonly, teenagers don’t have enough experience to

know itsit’s okay, and this is where self-harm or suicide may come to play (Blog.pcc.com, .

(2020).

Violence and Vengeance

Violence and vengeance may be caused by misinformation and violence as social media

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users may be manipulated by misinformation that may lead to violence between different groups.

According to Facebook-commissioned study points to Myanmar's political atmosphere,

misinformation has been linked to violence in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, India, Mexico, the United

States and Germany.

If the user isn’t careful enough with what you post or how you allow anyone to treat you

on social media, the user may get a negative reputation online. Whatever you post or share online

will create an image of who you are to friends, colleagues, business connections, and strangers.

As such, it is needed to be very sure that all contents shared online make good image of you.

Only by doing so can you prevent viewers from taking a toll on the online reputation down the

line (How social media can ruin your online reputation. (2019, September 13). (Writer, 2018).

The seven reasons of vulgarity are: (1) pain relief brought by fight or flight response as

activated by cursing words (2) power and control as swearing/risky behaviors may give a greater

sense of power and control over situation (3) non-violent retribution a common reaction upon

seeing vulgar posts may enable risky behaviors that may or may not result to violence (4) Peer

and social bonding as showing these behaviors might make a certain person fulfill the sense of

belongingness (5) self-expression to tell society that there is something important we want to tell

(6) Social Influence as behaviors observed may be learned (Retrieved from Burton, M.D, 2020)

https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/hide-and-seek/201205/hell-yes-the-7-best-reasons-

swearing)

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Theoretical Background

Figure 1: The Social Cognitive theory in the 1960’s by Albert Bandura

The Social Cognitive Theory focuses on the determinants of a person’s behavior and how

people are being patterned by their environment. One of the theory’s major component is

observational learning where a person learns desirable or undesirable behaviors through simple

observation and how agents like people within the environment play a role in one’s behavior. In

addition, how individual’s belief in terms of self-efficacy influences his or her behavior.

Researchers chose this theory because this theory fits the nature of the study. The theory

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shows how the behavior of students are being affected by environmental factors through social

bonding and social influence, behavioral factors through self-efficacy whether they will enact a

certain behavior observed and lastly through cognitive factors that includes the students student’s

ability to perform a behavior with knowledge and skills acquired through observation and

experience thus expectation on how an individual determines the relationship between its

behavior and the effects (Behavioral Change Models, n.d.)

Figure 2: Technological Determinism Theory

Technological Determinism is named by Thorstein Veblen, and this theory proves that

technology may define the nature of society. Technology in this theory is defined as the driving

force of a culture of a society and may also determine the society’s history. Karl Marx, a German

Philosopher believed that technological progress lead to newer ways of production in a society

and this ultimately influenced the cultural, political and economic.

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Winner had 2 hypotheses about this theory:

1. The technology of a given society is a fundamental influencer of the various ways in

which a society exists

2. Changes in technology are the primary and most important source that leads to change in

the society

Marshall Mcluhan made a statement that the medium is the message which meant that the

medium used to communicate certain influences the mind of the receiver like the newsprint,

television and internet have proven that advances really do affect the society we live in.

We chose this theory because this theory adds to the nature of our study. It shows how

technology influence social change and how technology drives society. This may relate in our

study in a way that it well help explain how technology may have played a role in the behavior

of teens related to vulgarity in social media as there had been discussions where changes in

technology imposed the different changes in social norms , brought by technological

determinism, and these changes have led to less genuine human interactions (Communication, in

M., 2018, April 23)

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

1st year to Vulgarity in social Action Plan

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Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of the Study

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S.Y. 2019-2020

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study applies a Mixed Method (Quantitative and Qualitative) to provide strengths

that offset the weaknesses of both quantitative and qualitative research. The overall purpose and

central premise of mixed methods studies is that the use of quantitative and qualitative

approaches in combination provides a better understanding of research problems and complex

phenomena than either approach alone (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007). Better understanding can

be obtained by triangulating one set of results with another and thereby enhancing the validity of

inferences, thus the use of Triangulation Method which means using more than one method to

collect data on the same topic of founding the credibility of qualitative analyses.

Research Environment

The research environment of this study is in Saint Paul University Dumaguete. Data

obtained were from the College of Nursing, College of Business and Information Technology,

and College of Arts, Sciences and Education.

Research Respondents

The respondents for the study are college students from 1 st year to fourth year from Saint

Paul University Dumaguete who are active users of social media. The respondents were 94

students from the College of Nursing, 114 students from the College of Business of Information

and Technology and 34 students from the College of Arts Sciences and Education. The total

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respondents were 241.

Sampling Design

The researcher used a stratified random sampling. Stratified random sampling is a

method of sampling that involves the division of a population into smaller groups known as

strata.The researcher will compute for the population size for each division, using the Slovin’s

formula. Prior to this, the researcher must first determine the total population of the entire

college, with the help of the Slovin’s formula, the researcher will be able to determine the

population per department.

Ethical Consideration:

In conducting the research, respondents are observed thus taking into consideration the

importance of doing no harm. Informed consent is given ensuring that the participants are aware

of the vulnerabilities and obscurity. Their right to confidentiality are looked into and that

participants have always the right to decline without prejudice.

Research Instrument

In conducting our study, we utilized the use of our own made tool which was referred to

as the questionnaire, required in gaining the information needed. We also used our cellular

phones in recording the interview during the focused group discussion.

Data Collection Procedure

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In the analysis of data, the, the researchers used Cronbach alpha to estimate the internal

consistency and reliability of the questions presented in the instrument. After the analysis, it

showed that the instrument that the researchers used was internally consistent, showing an

excellent internal consistency with the Cronbach alpha result of 0.9, following the rule use of

thumb (Cronbach alpha of 0.7 as good, 0.8 and above as better and 0.9 and above as excellent).

1. The researchers took the mean of sample total population and selected studentsselected

students from the College of Nursing for the pilot study.

2. The researchers determined a total of 10 participants for the primary analysis, which is 4

from the first year, 3 from the 2nd year and 3 from the 3rd year.

3. With each respondent approached, the researchers firstly offered an informed consent

ensuring the full will and participation of the respondent to answer without pressure.

Once informed consent was signed, instructions were briefly explained, and participants

were reassured that confusions and conflictions will be attended to.

4. After completing the survey form, each respondent was thanked for their willful

participation in our study.

5. After gathering all data from the 10 respondents, specified data analysis procedures were

done to consistency and reliability of instrument to be used for the study.

6. After identifying its reliability, the researchers proceed to the data collection for the entire

population.

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7. Letters of request for data collections was sent bysent by the researchers to the deans of

the different departments.

8. After the approval of the deans, data collection wascollection was started... The

researchers floated consents for all the respondents per department them to have an idea

why our research is done and to ensure that their participation is of full will, without

pressure.

9. After informed consent has been signed, questionnaires were floated for the respondents

to answer.

10. Interpretation and analysis of the quantitative resultsquantitative results were done.

11. The researchers had a focus group discussion with 3with 3 students from the College of

Nursing, and 3 students from the College of Arts Sciences and Education.

12. After the focus group discussion, the researchers transcribed the interview and

supportedand supported the quantitative results from the answers of the respondents from

the interview.

Data Analysis Procedure

The researchers tallied the gathered data from the quantitative results. After tallying, the

weighted mean andmean and standard deviation of each question was computed through the

Microsoft Excel. The composite mean was then computed and interpreted the results. The

researchers transcribed the interview from the focused groupfocused group discussion and

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supportedand supported the quantitative results from the answers of the respondents from the

interview.

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CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS

This chapter discusses the interpretation and analyses of data. The data were gathered through

survey. The survey was done using the researcher’s made questionnaire. It examined the effects

of social media together with the common expressions and experiences of vulgarity. The analysis

involves 2) what are common expressions of vulgarity; 3) what are experiences of vulgarity; 4)

what are the effects of vulgarity are.

Table 1.1 Frequency of students’ place of residency

Place of Residency Frequency Percentage
Home 133 55%
Apartment 18 7.4
Condominium 2 0.8%
Boarding House/Dormitory 88 36.7%

Table 1.2 Percentage of students’ type of family

Type Of Family Frequency Percentage
Nuclear Family 146 60.6%
Single Parent 19 7.89%
Extended Family 60 24.90%
Step Family 3 1.24%
Foster Family 2 0.82%
Skip Generation Family 9 3.73%
(Grandparent Family)

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Table 1.3 Showing the percentage of the students’ perception of vulgarity

Perception Of Vulgarity Percentage

Cool 6.22%
Offensive 64.7%
Act of Bullying 35.3%
Fun 8.71%
Others: Not Cool 0.82%
Others: Dishonorable 0.414%
Others: Disrespectful 0.41%
Others: Depends 2.07%
Others: Not good 0.41%
Others: Open 0.41%
Others: Expression 0.82%
Others: Awkward 0.41%
Others: Inappropriate 0.41%
Others: Transparent 0.41%

Based on the profiling, 55% of the respondents live at home. 36.7% stays at a boarding

house/dormitory. 7.47% stays at an apartment and 0.8% live in a condominium. For the type of

family 60.6% belongs to a Nuclear Family. 7.89% Single Parent. 24.90% Extended Family.

1.24% Stepfamily. 0.82% Foster Family and 3.73% belongs to ana Skip Generation Family. For

the perception of vulgarity 64.7% thinks it is offensive, 35.3% as act of bullying, 8.71% as Fun,

2.07% as it depends, 0.414% as dishonorable, 0.82% as not cool and lastly 0.41% as

disrespectful, not good, open, as an expression, awkward, inappropriate and transparent.

Table 2. Expressions of Vulgarity

Statement Weighted Standard Verbal Description

Mean Deviation
1. I tag photo/video with violent, 1.49 Never
abusive or scandalous content with
my friends 0.926967

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2. I post photo/video with violent, 1.32 Never

abusive or scandalous content 0.926967
3. I post cursing words on social 1.51 Never
media 0.926967
4. I curse someone on social media 1.40 0.926967 Never
5. I express my anger on social 1.59 Never
media 0.926967
6. I have tried posting or sharing 1.38 Never
revealing photos/videos of myself
on social media 0.926967
7. I have tried making rude, coarse 1.57 Never
or unrefined comments on social
media 0.926967
8. I have tried reacting to explicit 1.80 Never
contents tagged by friends online. 0.926967
9. I have tried forwarding videos 1.33 Never
of nudity and obscenity. 0.926967
10. I have tried sharing revealing 1.32 Never
photos/videos online. 0.926967
11. I have tried embarrassing 1.39 Never
someone online with
rude/unrefined words. 0.926967
COMPOSITE MEAN 1.46 Never

Table 3. Experiences of Vulgarity

Statement Weighted Mean Standard Verbal Description

Deviation
1. I experience being tagged by a 1.90 Rarely
friend of a post with abusive
content 0.97981
2. I have seen someone post a 2.86 0.97981 Sometimes
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photo/video with violent, abusive

or scandalous content
3. I have seen someone post 3.49 Most of the time
cursing words on social media 0.97981
4. I experience being cursed on 1.87 Rarely
social media 0.97981
5. I have seen someone posting 3.74 Most of the time
on social media expressing
his/her anger 0.97981
6. I have seen someone posting 3.32 Sometimes
or sharing revealing
photos/videos of themselves on
social media 0.97981
7. I have seen someone making 3.39 Most of the time
rude, coarse or unrefined
comments on social media 0.97981
8. I have seen friends forwarding 2.61 Sometimes
videos of nudity and obscenity
online. 0.97981
9. I have experienced or seen 3.04 Sometimes
someone being embarrassed
online, with the use of
rude/unrefined words. 0.97981
10. I have been asked to like or 1.66 Never
share scandalous, abusive or
obscene photos/videos online. 0.97981
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.79 SOMETIMES

Table 4. Effects of Vulgarity

Statement Weighted Mean Standard Deviation Verbal Description

1. Low self-esteem 4.11 1.105281 Most of the time
2. Suicidal attempts 3.83 1.105281 Most of the time
3. Insecurity 4.01 1.105281 Most of the time
4. Broken relationships 3.77 Most of the time
1.105281
5.Broken reputation 3.98 1.105281 Most of the time

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6.Altered school 3.72 Most of the time

performance 1.105281
7. Anger and 3.95 Most of the time
vengeance 1.105281
8.Violence8. Violence. 3.83 1.105281 Most of the time
9.Socially withdrawn 3.77 1.105281 Most of the time
10.Depression 4.17 1.105281 Most of the time
COMPOSITE MEAN 3.91 MOST OF THE TIME

The tables above revealed results of mean and standard deviation data from results. Each

item in the questionnaire is computed to identify the rate of responses of all

participants.Theparticipants. The questions under the common expressions of vulgarity: tagging

photo/video with violent, abusive or scandalous content with friends (1.49), posting photo/video

with violent, abusive or scandalous content (1.32), post cursing words on social media (1.51),

curse someone on social media (1.40), expressing anger on social media (1.59), tried posting or

sharing revealing photos/videos of oneself on social media (1.38), tried making rude, coarse or

unrefined comments on social media (1.57), tried reacting to explicit contents tagged by friends

online (1.79), tried forwarding videos of nudity and obscenity (1.33), tried sharing revealing

photos/videos online (tried sharing revealing photos/videos onlinonlinee (1.32), tried

embarrassing someone online with rude/unrefined words (1.39). This yielded a composite mean

of 1.46, which is interpreted as Never. This means that college students of St. Paul University

Dumaguete do not express vulgarity on social media. This means that college students of St. Paul

University Dumaguete do not express vulgarity on social media which is supported by focused

group discussion with the 6 respondents, during the interview they also answered that they were

not able to try express vulgarity on social media. Based on the focus group discussion,

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respondent one stated that she does not express vulgarity on social media and said that it is not a

good platform to express violent ideas since a lot of people misinterpret it (Line No. 25-26).

Respondent two also said that she does not express vulgarity on social media because she is

aware that it has a wide audience and she has a lot of under aged followers (Line No. 23-24).

Respondent three added that he does not express vulgarity on social media because he kept in

mind that what you post on social media reflects who you are as a person and that he is mindful

of what he posts since his family can see it and are taking close supervision (Line No. 146-150).

Respondent four also said that she does not express vulgarity on social media because a lot of

people look up to her especially in their church (Line No. 219-221). Respondent five doesn't

want to express vulgarity on social media because he thinks that it only seeks for attention and

sympathy (Line No. 230-233). Respondent six haven't tried expressing vulgar words on social

media and said that he respect others and puts himself into their shoes and think of what other

people would feel (Line No. 277-281).

The questions under the common experiences of vulgarity: experience being tagged by a

friend of a post with abusive content (1.90), seen someone post a photo/video with violent,

abusive or scandalous content (2.86), seen someone post cursing words on social media (3.49),

experience being cursed on social media (1.87), seen someone posting on social media

expressing his/her angerr (3.74), seen someone posting or sharing revealing photos/videos of

themselves on social media (3.32), seen someone making rude, coarse or unrefined comments on

social media (3.39), seen friends forwarding videos of nudity and obscenity online (2.61),

experienced or seen someone being embarrassed online, with the use of rude/unrefined words

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(3.04), been asked to like or share scandalous, abusive or obscene photos/videos online (1.66).

This yielded a composite mean of 2.79, which is interpreted as Sometimes. This means that

college students of St. Paul University Dumaguete sometimes experiences vulgarity on social

media. During the focused group discussion some of the respondents we interviewed have

experienced vulgarity on social media, Based on the focused group discussion, respondent six

said that he does not post revealing photos of himself because his body is a temple of God (Line

No. 292-293). Respondent one said that posting scandalous post don't do any good regarding the

situation because it just simply adds water to the fire (Line No. 83-84). Respondent three said

that posting/expressing anger on social media is not a solution (Line No. 180-182). Respondent

three have experienced vulgarity on social media (e.g. seen revealing photos online) and

personally believed that it’s their own discretion to upload it on social media but pity them

because they may be objectified sometimes (Line No. 192-194). One of the respondents opinion

on people who express vulgarity on social media (e.g. posting cursing words on social media) is

that those people are setting bad example which makes saying bad words a normal thing and

since the social media has a wide audience it cannot be filtered out to the youth and became

eventually a norm (Line No. 98-104).

Lastly, the questions under the effects of vulgarity: Low self-esteem (4.11), Suicidal

attempts (3.83), Insecurity (4.01), Broken relationships (3.77), Broken reputation (3.98), Altered

school performance (3.72), Anger and vengeance (3.95), Violence (3.83), Socially withdrawn

(3.77), Depression (4.17). This yielded a composite mean of 3.91, which is interpreted as Most

of the Time. Depression has the highest weighted mean. This means that depression is the

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number one effect on vulgarity on social media. According to an article from social media, self-

esteem and teen suicide that suicide rates since 2007 has doubled. Current study shows peer

aggression related to suicidal ideation among adolescents. Youth who experienced such may

either be offender or a victim where more suicidal thoughts come to play. During the focused

group discussion, rRespondent three stated that the number one effect of vulgarity on social

media is depression and that social media has become the outlet or cause of suicidal attempts,

low self-esteem, insecurity and so on (Line No. 209-215). Based on respondent one, she has

observed that social media has become a norm to use vulgar expressions because a lot of people

are doing it, especially the influential once. She also added that there is a need for social media

education or netiquette.

The interpretations of the numerical data were:

4.21-5.0 EVERY TIME

3.41-4.20 MOST OF THE TIME

2.61-3.40 SOMETIMES

1.81-2.60 RARELY

1-1.80 NEVER

Summary of Findings

Based on the interpretation of the results from the quantitative data which were supported

by the qualitative data from the focused group discussion, it answered the questions from the

statement of the problem. The questions under the common expressions of vulgarity interpreted

the results as Never, which means that college students of St. Paul University Dumaguete do not

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express vulgarity on social media. Based on the focused group discussion with the 6 respondents,

during the interview they also answered that they were not able to try express vulgarity on social

media. The questions under the common experiences of vulgarity interpreted that college

students of St. Paul University Dumaguete sometimes experiences vulgarity on social media.

One of the respondents from the focused group discussion have experienced vulgarity on social

media (e.g. seen revealing photos online) and personally believed that it’s their own discretion to

upload it on social media but pity them because they may be objectified sometimes. Some of the

respondents said during the interview that they have tried expressing vulgarity on social media

like commenting on the friend’s photos but not merely hurt or embarrass someone but used it as

an expression. Lastly, the questions under the effects of vulgarity interpreted as Most of the

Time, and Depression has the highest weighted mean which means that depression is the number

one effect on vulgarity on social media.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION

This research study was conducted in St. Paul University Dumaguete, Dumaguete City

Negros Oriental. The respondents were College students from 1 st year to 4th year of St. Paul

University Dumaguete. The researchers used a research tool questionnaire and were floated to

241 respondents; the researchers also used a triangulation method which means using more than

one method to collect data on the same topic of founding the credibility of qualitative analyses.

Based on the interpretation and results, it has concluded that students from St. Paul University

Dumaguete does not express vulgarity on social media and rarely experience vulgarity on social

media. Thus, this explains in accordance with the theories used, like the Social Cognitive Theory,

that personal factors together with the environmental factors influence the behavior of a person.

Depression has the highest weighted mean and is supported by the focused group discussion, one

of the respondent stated that the number one effect of vulgarity on social media is depression and

that social media has become the outlet or cause of suicidal attempts, low self-esteem, insecurity

and other possible effects. This concludes that the number one possible effect of vulgarity on

social media based on the interpreted results is depression. According to an article from social

media, self-esteem and teen suicide that suicide rates since 2007 has doubled. Current study

shows peer aggression related to suicidal ideation among adolescents. Youth who experienced

such may either be offender or a victim where more suicidal thoughts come to play.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

The study suggests the following recommendations:

 For the Students, the researchers recommend having counseling about common issues

that talks about vulgarity in social media that where being experienced and perceived

by the students.

 For the School, the researchers recommend conducting a program about awareness and

guidance to students on how to properly use the social media, improve undesired

behavior and how to prevent from using social media in a negative way.

 For the Environment, the researchers recommend continuing in giving awareness to the

youth especially the young generations as of today, to provide guidance in each

individual and to provide a decent environment for teenage users.

 For other researchers, the researchers recommend using this study as a guide and as basis

of reference to those who want to pursue a study relating to vulgarity in social media and

its effects to Students in Dumaguete City.

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REFERENCES

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Manning, J. (2014.) Social

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(Ed.),
Encyclopedia of social media
and politics (pp. 1158-
1162). Thousand Oaks, CA:
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Manning, J. (2014.) Social
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1162). Thousand Oaks, CA:
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Manning, J. (2014.) Social
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media, definition and

classes of. In K. Harvey
(Ed.),
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best-reasons-swearing.

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teen-suicide.

Jacobson R., A-Z, T. and Tech, M. (2020). Social Media and Self-Esteem | Impact of Social

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Media on Youth | Child Mind Institute. Retrieved from:

https://childmind.org/article/social-media-and-self-doubt/ on February 24, 2020.

How social media can ruin your online reputation. (2019, September 13). Retrieved from:

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Wilson, J. Q. (2011). Crime and public policy. New York: Oxford University Press.

(Crimmins, D. M., & Seigfried-Spellar, K. C. (2014). Peer attachment, sexual experiences, and

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Child Mind Institute. [online] Child Mind Institute. Available at:

https://childmind.org/article/social-media-and-self-doubt/ [Accessed 24 Feb. 2020].

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Blog.pcc.com. (2020). Social Media, Self-Esteem, and Teen Suicide. [online] Available at:

https://blog.pcc.com/social-media-self-esteem-and-teen-suicide [Accessed 24 Feb. 2020].

(Crimmins, D. M., & Seigfried-Spellar, K. C. (2014). Peer attachment, sexual experiences, and

risky online behaviors as predictors of sexting behaviors among undergraduate

students. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 268–275. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.12.012.)

(Wilson, J. Q. (2011). Crime and public policy. New York: Oxford University Press).

((PDF) Definition and Classes of Social Media - ResearchGate. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290514612_Definition_and_Classes_of_Social_Media

(A-Z, T. and Tech, M. (2020).  Social Media andqa Self-Esteem | Impact of Social Media on

Youth | Child Mind Institute. [online] Child Mind Institute. Available at:

https://childmind.org/article/social-media-and-self-doubt/ [Accessed 24 Feb. 2020].

(2020).  Social Media, Self-Esteem, and Teen Suicide. [online] Available at:

https://blog.pcc.com/social-media-self-esteem-and-teen-suicide [Accessed 24 Feb. 2020]

(How social media can ruin your online reputation. (2019, September 13). Retrieved from

https://www.reputationdefender.com/blog/social-media/how-social-media-can-ruin-your-online-

reputation).

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(Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/hide-and-seek/201205/hell-yes-the-

7-best-reasons-swearing)

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APPENDICES

Appendix A

Transcript of Focus Group Discussion

41
1 Good afternoon, we are level 4 nursing students having our research about
2 vulgarity on social media and its effects to college students in St. Paul University
3 SaintJustine
Dumaguete. I am Vianca Paul University Dumaguete
Villariza, and with are my fellow researchers.
College of Nursing
4 *Introduced individually* I am Nyanna
S.Y. Pabro, Sherrie Ragay, Jaydee Acas and I'm
2019-2020
5 Quennie Catacutan.
6 We are here to conduct an interview and we assure you that all the things that we
7 will be talking about and your identities will remain confidential. May I first know
8 your names and from what college are you?
9 *Introduced their name with a smile on their faces*
10 Okay, so let's start. I will just ask some questions related to the survey
11 questionaires that you have answer. It's technically the same but we will just dig
12 more deeper and would like to ask you guys to futher elaborate why you answered
13 this or that. *smiles*
14 *Nods* Okay
15 So, what are the common expressions of vulgarity? Like ikaw ang nabuhat or nag
16 express ug vulgarity sa social media?
17 The common expressions of vulgarity on social media usually uhm di ko tig
18 express through social media te like most especially if mga ing ana kay im scared.
19 Naka try pud ko anang tag ra nuon most especially if kaila ka sa tawo nga
20 nagbuhat ana nga mura sya ug scandalous nga drama or unsa ba. Mu tag ko ug
21 kanang usually ako rapung mga ate kay amo italk about diri.
22 So have you posted with violent abusive content?
23 No because aware man ko na wide ang audiences and daghan makakita na mga
24 bata. Followers bya nako kay bata.
25 Ako kay i don't think it’s a good platform kanang to express violent ideas ang
26 social media kay most people misinterpret it man. And i don't want to draw
27 attention on me unya murag impulsive ra kaayo ug mu post kag videos unya like
28 violent ing ana mura kag gapatagad.
29 Okay. So have you tried posting cursing words or cursing someone or express
30 anger on social media?
32 Yapo considered na? Like mura syag yapo na kanchaw. Like hahahaha yapo.
33 Like, wala ka ga curse?
34 Yuh dili offensive, Like dili intention
35 Expression ra siya nimo?
36 Expression ra dili because of nangisog ko or something. Ako sad wala ko. Wala
37 ko naka try ing ana kay daghan man 42
mag monitor.
38 Have you tried posting/ sharing revealing photos or videos of yourself on social
39 media? Or have you tried making rude/coarse/unrefined comments on social