Tutorial-8

Turbulent Flow
1. The velocity of flow in a badly corroded 8.5 cm pipe is found to increase 25 percent as
a pitot tube is moved from a point 1 cm from the wall to a point 2 cm from the wall.
Estimate the height of roughness elements.
2. Find the distance from the pipe wall at which the local velocity is equal to the average
velocity for turbulent flow in pipes.
3. In a pipe of diameter 300 mm the centre-line velocity and the velocity at a point 100
mm from the centre, as measured by pitot tube, are 2.4 m/s and 2.0 m/s respectively.
Assuming the flow in the pipe to be turbulent, find: (i) Discharge through the pipe, (ii)
Co-efficient of friction, and (iii) Height of roughness projections.
4. In a smooth pipe of diameter 0.6 m and length 1200 m water is flowing at the rate of
0.05 m3/s. Assuming the kinematic viscosity of water as 0.022 stokes, find: (i) Head
lost due to friction, (ii) Wall shear stress, (iii) Centre-line velocity, and (iv) Thickness of
laminar sublayer.
5. Derive an expression for shear stress on the basis of ‘Prandtl Mixing Length Theory’.
6. What is meant by a smooth boundary and a rough boundary?