Trọng tâm kiến thức tiếng anh lớp 11

TRỌNG TÂM KIẾN THỨC
TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11

CHƯƠNG TRÌNH MỚI
UNIT 1. THE GENERATION GAP - KEY
PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary
extended family (n): gia đình nhiều thế hệ
nuclear family (n): gia đình hạt nhân
childcare (n): việc chăm sóc con cái
generation gap (n): khoảng cách giữa các thế hệ
table manners (n): cung cách ăn uống
appearance (n): ngoại hình
conservative (adj): bảo thủ
state - Owned (adj): thuộc nhà nước
follow in somebody's footsteps: theo gương ai
viewpoint (n): quan điểm
open-minded (adj): thoáng
impose (v): áp đặt
conflict (n): xung đột
decision (n): quyết định
norm (n): chuẩn mực
distract (v): làm phân tâm
brand name (n): hàng hiệu
afford (v): có khả năng chi trả
regardless of: bất kể
preference (n): sở thích
objection (n): sự phản đối
expectation (n): sự mong đợi
pierce (v): xâu khuyên (tai, mũi...)
extra-curricular (adj): ngoại khóa
curfew (n): lệnh giới nghiêm
studious (adj): chăm học
forbid (v): cấm
flashy (adj): hào nhoáng
elegant (adj): thanh lịch
homestay (n): ở cùng gia đình bản địa
frustrating (adj): khó chịu
privacy (n): sự riêng tư
sibling (n): anh chị em ruột
2. Grammar
2.1. Form: should, ought to, must, have to
should
ought to + V(infinitive without to)
must
have/has/had to
e.g. You ought to learn English to have a better job.
Cậu nên học Tiếng Anh để có công việc tốt hơn.
You must try a bit harder.
Anh phải cố gắng hơn một chút.
+ Notes:
> Phủ định của should là shouldn't, phủ định của must là mustn't, phủ định của ought to là ought not to, phủ định
của have to là don't/ doesn't/didn't have to.
e.g. You ought not to drink too much coffee.
(Chị không nên uống quá nhiều cafe.)
Linda doesn't have to study in the afternoon.
(Linda không phải học vào buổi chiều)
> Ta thường không dùng must và ought to với câu hỏi.
2.2. Use:
* should/ ought to (nên): dùng với các lời khuyên hoặc gợi ý.
e.g. She should/ought to phone him as soon as possible.

(Chị ấy nên gọi điện cho anh ấy càng sớm càng tốt.)
* must (phải): dùng để diễn tả sự bắt buộc (xuất phát từ suy nghĩ hoặc cảm nhận của người nói, mang tính
chủ quan).
e.g. You must invite me to your wedding party.
(Em phải mời anh dự tiệc cưới của em đấy nhé.)
* have to (phải/cần): dùng để diễn tả sự bắt buộc/ cần thiết (xuất phát từ nội quy hoặc luật pháp, mang
tính khách quan).
e.g. I have to dress formally for work.
(Em phải ăn mặc trang trọng đi làm)
My son has to wear uniform for school.
(Con trai tôi phải mặc đồng phục đi học.)
+ Notes: Have got to được dùng trong văn nói nhiều hơn văn viết
e.g. I've got to leave right now.
(Mình phải đi ngay bây giờ.)
Mustn't còn dùng để diễn tả điều cấm làm.
e.g. You mustn't park here.
(Bạn không được phép đậu xe ở đây.)
3. Pronunciation
Strong and weak forms of words in connected speech (Dạng mạnh và yếu của từ trong lời
nói) Các từ trong câu Tiếng Anh được đọc với độ mạnh, yếu không giống nhau.
Strong forms (dạng mạnh): là các từ được nhấn mạnh (đọc to, rõ, dài) hơn các từ khác trong câu, các từ
đó được gọi là content words (từ nội dung)-diễn tả ý nghĩa chính của cậu. Content words:
Nouns: Tom, cat, company
Verbs: live, study, travel
Adjectives: beautiful, green, attractive
Adverbs: carefully, hard, frequently
Pronouns: this, theirs, herself
Weak forms (dạng yếu): là các từ được đọc yếu (đọc nhỏ, ngắn) hơn các từ khác trong câu, các từ đó được
gọi là function words (từ chức năng) - chúng ít quan trọng trong việc diễn tả ý nghĩa chính của câu mà chỉ tạo
nên đầy đủ các thành phần cho cậu. Function words:
Auxiliary verbs: can, do, have
Prepositions: in, out, behind
Conjunctions: and, or, but
Determiners: a, the, some
Possessive adjectives: his, your, our
PART II. PRACTICE

1. Match each picture with a suitable word/phrase.
1. a. extended family
2. b. conflict
3. c. brand name
4. d. forbid
5. e. sibling
Your answer:
1. ____c____ 2. ____b____ 3. ____a____ 4. ____e____ 5. ____d____
2. Give the English word and Vietnamese meaning to each of the following transcription.
1. ___nuclear family____ /ˈnjuːkliə(r)ˈfæməli/ (n): _____gia đình hạt nhân_____
2. ___generation gap______ /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃnɡæp/ (n): _____khoảng cách giữa các thế hệ______
3. ____impose______ /ɪmˈpəʊz/ (v): _____áp đặt______
4. _____norm_______ /nɔːm/ (n): ____chuẩn mực______
5. _____affrord______ /əˈfɔːd/ (v): _____có khả năng chi trả_____
6. _____preference_______ /ˈprefrəns/ (n): _____sở thích_____
7. _____objection______ /əbˈdʒekʃn/ (n): _____sự phản đối_____
8. ____curfew______ /ˈkɜːfjuː/ (n): _____lệnh giới nghiêm_____
9. ____frustrating______ /frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ/ (adj): _____khó chịu____
10. _____privacy______ /ˈprɪvəsi/ (n): ____sự riêng tư______
3. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. You _____must not dress_______ (not/ must/ dress) too casually for work.
2. She ______has to get_______ (have to / get) a work permit before she goes.
3. I think that Peter ______ought to share_______ (ought to / share) the housework with his wife.
4. Yesterday, Jane _____had to get up_____ (have to / get up) really early to catch the ferry to work.
5. They ___do not have to take___ (not / have to / take) notes in this class because they are not required to
do this.
6. Sam _____did not have to type_____ (not / have to / type) her assignment when she did it last year.
7. You ______should take_______ (should / take) a lot of passport photos with you.
8. Governments _____should also reduce_____ (also / should / reduce) the costs to the public of travelling
on public transport.
9. Next week I _____will have to work_____ (have to / work) in another branch of my company.
10. ___Do you have to have_____ (you / have to have) passports for your dogs when you travel abroad?
4. Complete the following sentences.
1. I think you ____should talk to/ ask/ discuss with____ your teachers about it. I'm sure they will give you
the best advice.
2. You _____mustn’t take____ photographs here. This is a restricted area.
3. Well, to visit some countries, you ______have to have a visa_____, so you ought to organize that before
you go.
4. Notice to all conference participants: Please note that you _____must register______
before entering the conference hall.
5. The school cannot be held responsible for any loss or theft of students' property, so students ______________
_____must keep track of/ pay attention to______ their belongings.
5. Find and correct mistakes in following sentences.
1. I am going to New York next month, so I will must to buy a guidebook.
I am going to New York next month, so I will have to buy a guidebook.
2. You always should carry plenty of loose change.
You should always carry plenty of loose change.
3. Students who come to the class late ought to clean the floor. That’s the rule in my class.
Students who come to the class late have to clean the floor. That’s the rule in my class.
4. You don't have to smoke inside but you can smoke outside.
You mustn’t smoke inside but you can smoke outside.
5. I should leave now because I have a meeting.
I have leave now because I have a meeting.
PART III. TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
conservative forbids viewpoint frustrating open-minded
childcare impose Conflicts generation gap extended family
1. Jenny lives in a/an _____extended family______ which consists of four generations.

2. Some young couples don't think twice before deciding to get married, so they do not have enough
knowledge for taking care of children and ____childcare______ is too difficult for them.
3. My neighbor is an extremely ______conservative______ person. He insists that his son should follow in his
footsteps.
4. The student responded that she didn't want her parents to ____impose____ their decision on her.
5. _____Conflicts_____ normally happen when people don't understand each other well.
6. My grandmother thinks that I should get a job in a state-owned organization after university; however,
my parents don't share her _______viewpoint_______.
7. Eric should realize that his parents are quite _____open-minded____ as they only instruct him, but
they never impose their decisions on him.
8. One disadvantage of living in an extended family is that it can be ____frustrating____ due to the lack of
space, independence and privacy.
9. The law ______forbids_____ the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16.
10. Today there appears to be a new ______generation gap______ between the now older baby boomers
and their kids about what will be.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.
1. conservative a. a way of thinking about a subject
2. viewpoint b. showing that you prefer traditional styles and values
3. open-minded c. to take somebody's attention away from what they are trying to do
4. distract d. willing to listen to, think about or accept different ideas
5. extra-curricular e. not part of the usual course of work or studies at a school or college
Your answer:
1. ____b____ 2. ____a____ 3. ____d____ 4. ____c____ 5. ____e____
3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in
brackets. brackets.
1. She complained that the photographs were an invasion of her _______privacy_____ (private)
2. ____Generational______ consciousness is another way of distinguishing among generations that
was worked on by social scientist Karl Mannheim. (Generate)
3. By this way, you can cope up with the ______expectation(s)_____ of the kids and always be
updated. (expect)
4. Social, economic, or political changes can bring _____awareness_____ to these shared interests and
values for similarly-aged people who experience these events together. (aware)
5. James is a _______studious______ student. Not only does he complete all required exercises but he looks
for some extra ones as well. (study)
6. The main _______objection______ to the plan was that it would cost too much. (object)
7. Many people expressed a strong _________preference_________ for the original plan because of
its effectiveness. (prefer)
8. The amount will be paid to everyone _______regardless_______ of whether they have children or not.
(regard)
9. The major factor causing the generation gap is the lack of _____communication______ between parents
and their children. (communicate)
10. Some parents may also find their children's behavior unacceptable and _____disrespectful______
to traditional values. (respect)
4. Choose the best answer.
1. She considered people to be products of the values and norms of the society they lived in. The
underlined word has the closest meaning to ____.
2. Anna: "Do your parents and you share any viewpoints?" - Jessica: “____”
A. Good idea. I like football but they like volleyball.
B. Well, my parents like to work for state-owned companies.
C. Actually, working for an international corporation is my dream.
D. Yes, we believe that practice makes perfect.
3. Children should keep calm when their parents try to ____ their choices of university or career on them.
What they need to do is to point out some disadvantages of following in their footsteps.
4. Those enable them to begin making their own interpretations of the world based ____ personal
encounters that set them apart from other generations.
A. on B. in C. of D. after
5. “You are not allowed to press the red button on this machine." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. You ought to press the red button on this machine.
B. You mustn't press the red button on this machine.
C. You do not have to press the red button on this machine.
D. You should not to press the red button on this machine.
6. "It would be a good idea for you to exercise more in the morning." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. You ought to exercise more in the morning.
B. You should to exercise more in the morning.
C. You have to exercise more in the morning.
D. You must not exercise more in the morning.
7. A ____ is a person's opinion about a subject.
A. power point B. viewpoint C. overview D. viewer
8. A twenty-year-old boy should not be dealt ____ the same as when he was five years old.
A. with B. for C. to D. over
9. According to a survey a lot of young people prefer to live in ____ families which consist of parents and
children.
A. nuclear B. extended C. three generation D. four generation
10. The ____ family, which consists of three or even four generations, is only popular in some regions today.
A. nuclear B. extended C. intended D. small
11. First of all, we ____ to walk or cycle if we can, rather than using our cars.
A. should to try B. ought try to C. ought to try D. have try to
12. I don't think you ____ to do your sister's assignment. She should do it herself.
A. ought B. ought not C. must D. have to
13. I can do volunteer work on Sunday because I ____ go to school on that day.
A. don't have to B. must C. ought not to D. should
14. What ____ about if you are going to go travelling?
A. must you think B. ought you think
C. do you have to think D. ought to you think
15. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. bulky B. believe C impose D. afford
16. If you go to Nepal, you ____ around a Buddhist temple in a clockwise direction.
A. always must walk B. always should walk
C. ought always walk D. must always walk
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
Permission to come by bicycle should be obtain from the form teacher.
A B C D
Any bicycles brought onto school grounds must left locked in the bicycle sheds provided.
A B C D
A sibling B. curfew C. distract D. homestay
Governments should taken advice from experts before making new laws.
A B C D
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. not / You / use / your / must / mobile / examination / in / the / room. / phone
You must not use your mobile phone in the examination room.
2. hope / I /to / that/ work /I / late / night. / won't have / at
I hope that I won’t have to work late at night.
3. never / You / do / again. / must / that
You must never do that again.
4. She / on / always / an / her / keep / children. / should / eye
She should always keep an eye on her children.
5. railings / must / be / to / not / Bicycles / chained / the / school /.
Bicycles must not be chained to the school railings.
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Definition of Generation Gap and Causes
Have you ever had the feeling that people older than you are hard
to understand? Or, have you felt like people from younger generations
just don't get it? Maybe you find it easier to ____ (1) with people who are
closer to your age than those who are older or younger than you. You
can probably thank the generation gap for these feelings.
There are currently six generations living in the United States: the
Greatest Generation, Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X,
Millennials, and Generation Z. Each generation has its own unique set of
characteristics and ____ (2). For example, the Greatest Generation (born 1901-1924) is known for its patriotism,
hard workers, and loyalty to institutions. The Millennials (born 1980-2000) are characterized by their
dependence on technology, detachment from traditional institutions, optimism, and ____ (3). It is no
wonder that many people from different generations have a hard time understanding each other.
Generation gap ____ (4) to differences in actions, beliefs, interests, and opinions that exist between
individuals from different generations. So, what causes these differences?
One factor that has heavily influenced generation gaps is the ____ (5) rate of change in society. In the
1800s, developments in society were slow. As a result, two or three generations lived lifestyles that were very
____ (6) to each other.
There weren't many differences across generations. However, given technological and social
th st
advances that have taken place in the 20 and 21 centuries, the lifestyles of individuals even one generation
apart are drastically different from each other.
Just think about all of the changes in technology that ____ (7) in the past 20 years. Many individuals
from older generations are having trouble keeping up ____ (8) the modern technologies that Millennials have
become accustomed to. Due to generation gaps, a child may explain to an adult how to use technology, or a
young adult will choose to spend his time on public transportation texting, while an older man passes the
time reading.
Another factor that has influenced the generation gap is the increased mobility of society. In earlier
generations, society was not very mobile. Most people stayed in the same area or country. There was ____
(9) contact with people outside of one's general area. Access to information from other cultures was limited.
However, with the increasing advances of technology, people began ____ (10) to new things.
1. A. approach B. connect C. concentrate D. relate
2. A. norms B. norm C. normal D. normally
3. A. open-minded B. pessimism C. open-mindedness D. pessimistic
4. A. distract B. focuses C. relate D. refers
5. A. accelerating B. accelerate C. celebrating D. celebrate
6. A. different B. similar C. same D. relate
7. A. have occurred B. has occurred C. had occurred D. occurred
8. A. with B. for C. to D. from
9. A. a little B. much C. little D. amount of
10. A. to being introduced B. to be introduce C. to be introduced D. to introduce
Fun corner
You have 20 seconds to answer these 2 questions.
1. Before Mt. Everest was discovered, what was the highest mountain: in the world?
A. Mt. Kilimanjaro B. Mount Davidson C. No mountain 2. Spell "Silk" out loud, 3 times
in a row. What do cows drink?
A. Cows can't drink B. Water C. Juice D. Milk

Unit 2. RELATIONSHIPS - KEY
PART 1. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary
strict (adj): nghiêm khắc
relationship (n): mối quan hệ
romantic (adj): lãng mạn, thuộc yêu đương
romantic relationship (n): mối quan hệ yêu đương
friendship (n): tình bạn
single-sex (adj): chỉ có nam hoặc nữ
sympathetic (adj): cảm thông
caring (adj): chu đáo
involved (adj): để hết tâm trí vào
reconcile (v): làm lành
break up: chấm dứt
lend an ear (to somebody/something): lắng nghe
make jokes about something: chế nhạo cái gì
make fun of somebody: chế nhạo ai
drop out of school: bỏ học
divorce (n): sự ly hôn
quality (n): phẩm chất
contribution (n): sự đóng góp
engage (v): lôi cuốn
initiative (n): thế chủ động, sự đi đầu
take initiative: chủ động, đi đầu
community (n): cộng đồng
have confidence in someone: tin tưởng ai
permission (n): sự cho phép
cheat (v): gian lận, lừa gạt
ripped (adj): xẻ dọc
properly (adv): đứng đắn, đúng đắn
unreasonable (adj): vô lý, không công bằng
have got a date (with someone): hẹn hò với ai đó)
dating (n): việc hẹn hò
speed dating (n): hẹn hò nhanh
regretful (adj): nuối tiếc
confide (v): thổ lộ
ease (v): làm giảm
tension (n): sự căng thẳng
matchmaking (n): sự ghép đôi, sự mai mối
potential (adj): tiềm năng
profile (n): tiểu sử sơ lược
2. Grammar
2.1. Linking verbs (động từ nối)
2.1.1. Form: S + linking verb + adj/n
e.g. Professor McKenna is our teacher.
(Giáo sư McKenna là thầy giáo của chúng tôi. }
This house looks beautiful.
(Ngôi nhà này trông đẹp đấy.)
+ Notes:
- Một số động từ nối: appear, be, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, and turn
eg. His story seems unbelievable.
(Câu chuyện của anh ấy có vẻ khó tin được.)
- Các động từ nối thường không chia ở các thì tiếp diễn.
2.1.2. Use: Động từ nối là động từ diễn tả trạng thái, dùng để nối chủ ngữ với phần miêu tả của nó (danh từ
hoặc tính từ làm rõ nghĩa cho nó).
e.g. It is a green house.
(Nó là ngôi nhà màu xanh.)
"is” nối “It” với “a green house".
They became impatient.
(Họ đã trở nên thiếu kiên nhẫn.)
“became” nối “They” với “impatient”.
+ Note: Phân biệt động từ nối với động từ thường.
e.g. This cake tastes awful.
(Cái bánh này có vị kinh khủng.)
“tastes” là động từ nối, nối “This cake” với “awful”.
He tasted a cake.
(Anh ấy đã nếm 1 cái bánh.)
“tasted” là động từ thường, diễn tả hành động ăn thử, nếm.
2.2. Cleft sentences (câu tách/câu nhấn mạnh)

2.2.1. Form: It is/was + phần nhấn mạnh + that ..
e.g. It was a policeman that helped her cross the road.
(Chính một cảnh sát đã giúp bà ấy qua đường.) It
is in this shop that she often buys grocery.
(Chính trong cửa hàng này cô ấy thường mua đồ tạp phẩm.)
+ Note: Khi phần nhấn mạnh ở số nhiều thì động từ sau nó cũng chia số nhiều nhưng trước nó luôn là “is/was”.
e.g. It is her parents that are dedicated teachers.
(Chính bố mẹ của cô ấy là những giáo viên tận tụy.)
2.2.2. Use: Câu tách là câu dùng để nhấn mạnh cho một phần nào đó của câu (chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, trạng từ chỉ
thời gian, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn). Muốn nhấn mạnh cho phần nào thì ta đặt nó sau “It is/was”.
e.g. Some farmers found a tiger in this forest last year.
It was some farmers that found a tiger in this forest last year.
It was a tiger that some farmers found in this forest last year.
It was in this forest that some farmers found a tiger last year.
It was that some farmers found a tiger in this forest.
+ Note: ta có thể dùng “who” thay thế cho “that” trong trường hợp nhấn mạnh cho từ chỉ người.
e.g. It was my husband who (or that) you spoke to on the phone.
(Chính chồng tôi là người chị đã nói chuyện với trên điện thoại.)
3. Pronunciation
Contracted forms (hình thức rút gọn)
Hình thức rút gọn là hình thức ta đọc hoặc viết hai từ thành một.
e.g. I will → I’ll, We had → We’d, I am → I’m
3.1. to be (am, are, is)
Affirmative Negative
Long form Contracted form Long form Contracted form
I am I’m I am not I’m not
You are You’re You are not You’re not
You aren’t
He is He’s He is not He’s not
He isn’t
She is She’s She is not She’s not
She isn’t
It is It’s It is not It’s not
It isn’t
We are We’re We are not We’re not
We aren’t
They are They’re They are not They’re not
They aren’t
3.2. to be (was, were)
Pronoun Long form Contracted form Long form Contracted form
I, he, she, it I was … I was not I wasn’t
We, you, they We were … We were not We weren’t
3.3. have (got)
I, we, you, they I have got I’ve got I have not got I’ve not got
I haven’t got
He, she, it She has got She’s got She has not got She’s not got
She hasn’t got
3.4. had (got)
I, he, she, it, we, I had got I’d got I had not got I’d not got
you, they I hadn’t got
3.5. do / does
I, we, you, they I do … I do not I don’t
He, she, it She does … She does not She doesn’t
3.6. did
I, he, she, it, we, I did … I did not I didn’t
you, they
3.7. Modals (can, could, must, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to)
Can - I cannot I can’t
Could - I could not I couldn’t
Must - I must not I mustn’t
Might - I might not --
Need - I need not I needn’t
I will I’ll I will not I won’t
I would I’d I would not I wouldn’t
Shall - I shall not I shan’t
I should I’d I should not I shouldn’t
Ought to - I ought not to I oughtn’t to
PART II. PRACTICE

1. a. have got a date
2. b. divorce
3. c. community
4. d. cheat
5. e. make fun of somebody
Your answer:
1. ____c____ 2. ____a____ 3. ____b____ 4. ____e____ 5. ____d____
1. ____romantic___ /rəʊˈmæntɪk/ (adj): ____lãng mạn, thuộc yêu đương_____
2. ____sympathetic_____ /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ (adj): _____cảm thông______
3. _____involved_______ /ɪnˈvɒlvd/ (adj): ____để hết tâm trí vào_____
4. _____reconcile______ /ˈrekənsaɪl/ (v): ____làm lành_____
5. _____contribution____ /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ (n): _____sự đóng góp_____
6. _____engage______ /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ (v): ____lôi cuốn_____
7. ____initiative______ /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ (n): _____thế chủ động, sự đi đầu______
8. ____properly_____ /ˈprɒpəli/ (adv): _____đứng đắn, đúng đắn______
9. _____confide ______ /kənˈfaɪd/ (v): _____thổ lộ______
10. _____matchmaking____ /ˈmætʃmeɪkɪŋ/ (n): ____sự ghép đôi, sự mai mối__
1. Her cousin ________seems_______ (seem) tired whenever he takes an exam. He should try to find out
the solution for this.
2. Yesterday, the blue jay _______appeared_______ (appear) happy to see the bird feeder.
3. _____Did he feel_______ (he/feel) depressed when he worked over night?
4. Some days ago, his father-in-law's cats ______were____ (be) content to nap on the couch.
5. At the moment, the doctor _________is feeling_________ (feel) his forehead to see if he has a fever.
He seems nervous.
6. It _____is______ (be) Nancy's sister that works harder than anybody else in this organization.
7. It _____was______ (be) on 7 May 1945 that the Second World War ended in Europe.
8. It ______isn’t_________ (not/be) Eric that is responsible for the success of the project.
9. _______Was it________ (it/be) his terrible accent that annoyed you most?
10. In this village, it _______is________ (be) villagers that have right to vote to select their leaders.
1. Tom appeared _______shy/ nervous/ ashamed/ embarrassed________ when the examiner caught
him cheating in his last final exam.
2. His voice sounded ______strange/ surprised/ cheerful_______ on the phone when he heard the news.
3. Some teenagers felt ________disappointed/ amazed/ cheerful_______ when they met their idols in real life.
4. It is ____Barack Obama_______ that is the president of the United States of America at the moment,
in 2016.
5. It was _____in 2016/ in Aucland, New Zealand_____ that Vietnam officially joined Trans-
Pacific Partnership (TPP).
1. What's the matter with you? You look unhappily.
What's the matter with you? You look unhappy.
2. Joan sudden came into the room and everyone felt annoyed.
Joan suddenly came into the room and everyone felt annoyed.
3. Students are feeling refreshed after Tet holiday.
Students feel refreshed after Tet holiday.
4. It was three years ago that he works for IBM.
It was three years ago that he worked for IBM.
It is at present that he is working for IBM.
5. It is those houses that redecorate once a year.
It is those houses that are redecorated once a year.
cheating divorce confided initiative profile
involved drop qualities confidence properly
1. I was so _____involved______ in my book I didn't hear you knock.

2. He remarried after a _______divorce_________ from his first wife, Kate.
3. Many students tend to ____drop______ out of school due to getting involved in romantic love.
4. It's hard to find people with the right ____qualities____ for the job, but she has all the qualities of a
good teacher.
5. It was up to the US to take the ______initiative_____ in repairing relations.
6. The players all have _____confidence______ in their manager. They completely trust him.
7. Anyone caught _____cheating_______ will be automatically disqualified from the examination.
8. When will these kids learn to behave ________properly______?
9. He ______confided_______ to me that he had applied for another job.
10. We first build up a detailed ______profile_____ of our customers and their requirements.
1. strict a. to come to an end
2. sympathetic b. to listen in a patient and sympathetic way to somebody
3. relationship c. demanding that rules, especially rules about behaviors, should be obeyed
4. break up d. kind to somebody who is hurt or sad; showing that you understand and care
about their problems
5. lend an ear e. the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other
or deal with each other
Your answer:
1. ____c____ 2. ____d____ 3. ____e____ 4. ____a____ 5. ____b____
3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. I have established a good working _____relationship_____ with my boss. (relate)
2. It's the story of an extraordinary ______friendship_______ between a boy and a seal. (friend)
3. He was described as 'a good man, a ______caring_____ father and a considerate neighbour'. (care)
4. These measures would make a valuable ____contribution______ towards reducing industrial
accidents. (contribute)
5. No official ______permission______ has been given for the event to take place. (permit)
6. Many students tend to drop out of school due to getting involved in ______romantic_____ love. (roman)
7. I always have difficulties in life, so I really need a _________sympathetic_________ friend. (sympathy)
8. They felt ______regretful_______ after he left. (regret)
9. ______Matchmaking_______ seems to be easier with the aid of the internet. (matchmake)
10. It would be ________unreasonable______ to expect somebody to come at such short notice. (reason)
1. The plan should ease traffic congestion in the town. The underlined word has the closest meaning to ____.
A. easy B. reduce C. fell D. increase
2. Jack: "Are you going to settle in Canberra?" - Jessica: “____”
A. No. It is in Queensland that I am going to settle.
B. No. It was in Queensland that I am going to settle.
C. No. I want to settle there.
D. Yes. I will never drop in there.
3. The incident has further increased ____ between the two countries.
A. tension B. tense C. tent D. tenth
4. It is not kind ofyou to make fun ____ your classmates.
5. "We had our first date in a romantic park.” has the closest meaning to ____.
A. It is in a romantic park that we had our first date.
B. It was in a romantic park that we had our first date.
C. It is in a romantic park that we have our first date.
D. It was in a romantic park that we have our first date.
6. “Alan and Joe are always making jokes about love." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. It is Alan and Joe that are always making jokes about love.
B. It is Alan and Joe that is always making jokes about love.
C. It were Alan and Joe that are always making jokes about love.
D. It was Alan and Joe that is always making jokes about love.
7. It is a movie that ____ both the mind and the eye.
A. gates B. engages C. gate D. engage
8. In order to have mutual understanding, you should lend an ear ____ your partner.
A. with B. for C. to D. over
9. The relationship between the police and the local ____ has improved.
A. immune B. communicate C. community D. common
10. ____ education, also known as single-gender education, is the practice of conducting education where
male and female students attend separate classes or in separate buildings or schools.
A. Opposite-sex B. Multi C. Single-sex D. Simple
11. This drink ____ like sherry.
A. tastes B. taste C. is tasting D. tasting
12. His face looks funny. He ____ something in the kitchen now.
A. tasted B. taste C. is tasting D. tasting
13. It ____ on Sunday that I can do volunteer work because I don't have to go to school on that day.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
14. It was yesterday that she ____ the baby down gently on the bed.
A. is laying B. lays C. was lying D. laid
A. inspire B. reveal C. deny D. happen
16. Everyone thought that their break-up was inevitable, but they became ____ after Jackson made a
public apology.
A. reconcile B. recommend C. reconciled D. recommended
It was permission to come by bicycle that is obtained from the form teacher five days ago.
A B C D
It are any bicycles brought onto school grounds that must be left locked in the bicycle sheds provided.
A B C D
A. standard B. curfew C. pretty D. advice
Experts say that if left too long, that milk may be turning sour.
A B C D
1. are / Train / likely / fares / remain / to / unchanged.
Train fares are likely to remain unchanged.
2. reasonable / explanation / to / sounds / me. / His
His explanation sounds reasonable to me.
3. never / He / . / angry / for / stays / long
He never stays angry for long.
4. more / As / he / impatient. / time / on,/ grew / and / went / more
As time went on, he grew more and more impatient.
5. crisis. / may / His / of / in / experience / prove / a / lack / problem / a
His lack of experience may prove a problem in a crisis.
Secretes of a Happy Relationship
Relationships like marriage, romance, living together or any of similar kinds can be sustained with a
happy note if some of the secret rules ____ (1). Relationship is completely ____ (2) and no clear cut rules can
be executed on it, yet following certain guidelines may help proceeding happily in a
relationship. Breakup and Divorce are not the Solution
When asked about the best possible way of resolving the issues in relationships or ____ (3), many
people may comment that breakup or a divorce is the best possible method of putting an end to all the troubles
in a relationship. It is the biggest mistake people ____ (4).
The reason for increased divorce rate is analyzed as the mentality of people who even before getting into a
relationship think divorce as means of solving possible issues in it. Divorce is never an option but it’s the ____
(5) decision to be taken in life only at an inevitable situation. Do not even think about a breakup or
marriage whenever you ____ (6) with minor issues in relationships. Issues are you just byproducts of the
happiness experienced in the relationships.
No Perfect Relationships, but Perfect Situations
No one can be considered in a perfect relationship, how ____ (7) the couple is, as happiness in a
relationship is just the happiness of the situations created by the partners. No relationship, as a whole,
is destined to be jovial and ____ (8). There can be moments of happiness and moments of struggles.
The couple who learns the secrets of ____ (9) both happiness and struggles wins the life and enjoys the best
possible relationship and life. When in tension or issues, many people may think that they are fated to ____
(10) into wrong relationship, and at the same time ignore the possible chances of making each moment in
life happy by understanding the partner a bit more and adjusting a bit more.
1. A. was followed B. follows C. are followed D. following
2. A. subjective B. subject C. object D. objectives
3. A. marriage B. marry C. married D. marries
4. A. vomit B. commit C. omit D. submit
5. A. almost B. more C. utmost D. many
6. A. comfort B. conceal C. confirm D. confront
7. A. happiness B. happily C. happiest D. happy
8. A. satisfying B. satisfy C. satisfies D. satisfyingly
9. A. balanced B. balances C. balancing D. balance
10. A. survive B. fall C. lean D. distinct
Fun corner
1. If there are three apples and you took two away, how many do you have?
A. Two B. One C. None
2. Can you spell 80 in two letters?
A. A-T B. EIGH-TY C. It is not possible D. AI-TY
Unit 3. BECOMING INDEPENDENT - KEY
1. Vocabulary
rely on somebody: phụ thuộc vào ai đó
remind (v): nhắc nhở
reliable (adj): đáng tin cậy
responsible (adj): có trách nhiệm, đáng tin
assign (v): giao cho
determined (adj): quả quyết
self-reliant (adj): tự lực
well-informed (adj): thạo tin
decisive (adj): dứt khoát
struggle (v): cố gắng, vật lộn (nỗ lực)
deadline (n): hạn chót
self-esteem (n): sự tự tin, lòng tự tr079
tìme-management (n): sự quản lý thời gian
strive for something: phấn đấu để đạt được điều gì đó
wisely (adv): một cách khôn khéo
approach (v): đến gần
app (n): ứng dụng
schedule (n): kế hoạch làm việc, thời khóa biểu
figure out: tính toán (ra)
prioritize (v): dành ưu tiên
routine (n): thói quen, công việc hàng ngày
loneliness (n): sự cô đơn
housekeeping (n): công việc quản gia
hygiene (n): vệ sinh
interpersonal (adj): giữa cá nhân với nhau
depressed (adj): chán nån
punish (v): phat
get along well with somebody: hòa hợp với ai đó
cope with: đối phó với
goal setting (n): đặt mục tiêu
respect (n): sự tôn trọng
voice (v): nói ra
truly (adv): thực sự
2. Grammar
To -infinitives after nouns/adjectives
2.1. Noun/Pronoun + linking verb + adjective + to-infinitive
e.g. It is easy to use the internet.
(Thật dễ dùng internet.)
The internet is easy to use.
(Internet thật dễ sử dụng.)
He seemed delighted to attend that seminar.
(Cậu ấy tỏ ra hào hứng tham gia buổi hội thảo đó.)
It is not hard to understand him.
(Không khó để có thể hiểu anh ấy.)
Note: Một số tính từ:
certain fortunate lucky shocked
content glad pleased sorry
delighted happy proud surprised
determined hesitant ready hard
eager liable reluctant easy
eligible likely sad difficult
2.2. It + linking verb + adjective (+noun/for somebody) + to-

infinitive e.g. It was an interesting question to answer.
(Nó là một câu hỏi hay để trả lời.)
It was an interesting question for him to answer.
(Nó là một câu hỏi hay cho anh ấy trả lời.)
It is impossible to remove this box.
(Không thể di chuyển được cái hộp này.)
It sounds necessary to ask for help.
(Có vẻ cần phải xin trợ giúp.)
Note: Một số tính từ:
easy great necessary
difficult good unreasonable
hard possible
interesting impossible
boring important
nice likely
2.3. Noun + to-infinitive

e.g. He has a dream to become a teacher of English.
(Thằng bé có mơ ước thành giáo viên dạy Tiếng
Anh) They have ability to control the situation.
(Họ có khả năng kiểm soát được tình hình.)
His parents have made decision to send him to an international school.
(Bố mẹ cậu ấy đã quyết định gửi cậu bé vào một trường quốc tế).
Note: Một số danh từ:
advice decision request
ability good wish
ambition dream way
anxiety failure demand
attempt permission effort
chance plan offer
3. Pronunciation
Linking between a consonant and a vowel (Nối phụ âm với nguyên âm)
Trong lời nói tự nhiên của người bản ngữ, họ nối phụ âm cuối của từ đứng trước với nguyên âm đầu của từ
đứng sau.
e.g. There are a lot of good oranges.
Can I have a piece of apple?
PART II. PRACTICE
1. a. schedule
2. b. loneliness
3. c. housekeeping
4. d. punish
5. e. voice
Your answer:
1. ____b____ 2. ____c____ 3. ____a____ 4. ____d____ 5. ____e____
1. ____reliable_____ /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ (adj): _____đáng tin cậy____
2. ____determined______ /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ (adj): ______quả quyết____
3. _____self-reliant______ /self rɪˈlaɪənt/ (adj): ______tự lực_____
4. _____well-informed_______ /ˌwel ɪnˈfɔːmd/ (adj): _____thạo tin_____
5. ____decisive_____ /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ (adj): ____dứt khoát_____
6. _____prioritize_______ /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ (v): ______dành ưu tiên______
7. _____hygiene______ /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ (n): _____vệ sinh______
8. _____interpersonal____ /ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl/ (adj): _____giữa cá nhân với nhau____
9. _____depressed_______ /dɪˈprest/ (adj): _____chán nản_____
10. _____truly_______ /ˈtruːli/ (adv): _____thực sự______
1. The little boy _____was_______ (be) afraid to jump, but the trainer asked him to do.
2. Now our company _____is______ (be) pleased to offer you a job as a financial risk manager.
3. I __________am___________ (be) sorry to disturb you. Are you reading?
4. Recently, his father-in-law's cats ________have been_______ (be) content to nap on the couch.
5. The story about Ted _______sounds________ (sound) difficult for readers to imagine. They know
little about it.
6. Shortly after that, Ted _______turned______ (turn) surprised that his computer was operating strangely.
7. He and his roommate ____were_____ (be) upset to watch the destruction of his files, which had been
created for a long time.
8. Ted _________was_______ (be) so relieved to find out that his files were backed-up.
9. He ______seemed______ (seem) delighted to be able to spend his weekend away from his computer while
it was being repaired.
10. I guess, now, Ted ________is______ (be) scared to see "I love you" email, which has destroyed his files.
1. She feels ____proud/ happy/ stressed/ depressed____ to be the leader of a big organization.
2. It is necessary ________to bring your umbrella with you________ in rainy season.
3. It seems important _____to take a map with you/ to understand its culture_______ when travelling in
a foreign country.
4. It _____is not easy to guess/ is difficult to predict_____ how human beings will be in the next centuries.
5. A good president is a person who has ability _____to change his/her country for the better/ to
improve his/her country/ to connect his/her country with the world._____.
1. It's a please for us to have you here.
It's a pleasure for us to have you here.
2. It's an honor for us working in this lab.
It's an honor for us to work in this lab.
3. It is very kind of you come with me to the embassy.
It is very kind of you to come with me to the embassy.
4. It was excited for him to prepare for his trip.
It was exciting for him to prepare for his trip.
5. It is possibility for us to finish this project in one day. We totally do not have capacity to do it.
It is impossible for us to finish this project in one day. We totally do not have capacity to do it.
strive struggled wisely figure deadline
hygiene self-esteem app responsible remind
1. Cigarette smoking is _____responsible_____ for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
2. I'm sorry. I've forgotten your name. Can you ______remind_______ me?
3. She ____struggled_____ for 10 years to achieve success as an actress.
4. Some children suffer from low ____self-esteem____ and expect to do badly.
5. We encourage all members to _____strive______ for the highest standards.
6. He _____wisely_____ decided to tell the truth.
7. Have you got the dictionary _____app___ on your phone?
8. Have you _______figured________ out how much the trip will cost?
9. The _______deadline_______ for applications is 30 April.
10. In the interests of ______hygiene______, please wash your hands.
1. remind a. to try very hard to do something when it is difficult or when there are
a lot of problems
2. responsible b. a feeling of being happy with your own character and abilities
3. assign c. that you can trust and rely on
4. struggle d. to help somebody remembersomething, especially something
important that they must do
5. self-esteem e. to give somebody something that they can use, or some work or
responsibility
Your answer:
1. ____d____ 2. ____c____ 3. ____e____ 4. ____a____ 5. ____b____
1. Even when parents no longer live together, they continue to be _____responsible_____ for their
children. (respond)
2. These tests are a _____reliable______ indicator of future performance. (rely)
3. The government must take ____decisive____ action on gun control. (decide)
4. The company has made considerable savings through good _____housekeeping____, such as avoiding
wastage. (housekeep)
5. She felt very ____depressed_______ about the future. (depress)
6. He was _______punished_______ for refusing to answer their questions. (punish)
7. Honey, I'm ______truly_____ sorry that things had to end like this. (true)
8. A number of parents have _____voiced____ concern about their children's safety. (voice)
9. The time is fast _______approaching_______ when we shall have to make a decision. (approach)
10. You should make a list of all the jobs you have to do and ______prioritize______ them. (prior)
1. He wasn't able to cope with the stresses and strains of the job. The underlined word has the closest meaning to
____.
A. overcome B. overturn C. overeat D. oversea
2. Joe: “Which of the life skills do you think are the most important?" - Rose: “____”
A. Well, I don't like teamwork skill.
B. In my opinion, time-management is the most important one.
C. Yes, it is a good idea to cope with it.
D. No. It is boring.
3. A deep mutual ____ and understanding developed between them.
A. respond B. revise C. respect D. repeat
4. The new bridge has been finished two years ahead ____ schedule.
5. “You don't have to understand every word that native speakers say. It is unnecessary.” has the
closest meaning to ____.
A. It is unnecessary for you to understand every word that native speakers say.
B. It is necessary for you to understand every word that native speakers say.
C. It is unnecessary for you understand every word that native speakers say.
D. It is necessary for you to understanding every word that native speakers say.
6. "They decided to relocate their company in a province in the south." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. They have decided to relocate their company in a province in the south.
B. They had decision to relocate their company in a province in the south.
C. They decide to relocate their company in a province in the south.
D. They made decision to relocate their company in a province in the south.
7. Passengers are ____ (that) no smoking is allowed on this train.
A. reminded B. mind C. remind D. reminds
8. These days we rely heavily ____ computers to organize our work.
A. with B. for C. on D. over
9. We are trying to get the baby into a ____ for feeding and sleeping.
A. define B. determine C. routine D. refine
10. She ____ believes that none of this is her fault.
A. truly B. true C. exact D. friendly
11. It is necessary ____ habits that will keep your body healthy and clean.
A. to develop B. develop C. developing D. developed
12. Failure ____ with the regulations will result in prosecution.
A. to comply B. comply C. complying D. complies
13. Two factories were closed in an attempt ____ costs.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cuts
14. He was ____ to see she wasn't at the party.
A. disappointing B. disappoint C. disappoints D. disappointed
A. increase B. bridesmaid C. happen D. workforce
16. They are talking about the candidate's ____ to win the vote.
A. anxiety B. willing C. anxious D. interesting
His confession followed repeated failures appear in court.
A B C D
The local clubs are making every effort interested more young people.
A B C D
A. bulky B. curfew C. depress D. object
20. Choose the answer which needs correcting. Those
were the wrong kind of eggs buying.
A B C D
1. the / It / a / idea / put / to / good / on / lab / coat. / is
It is a good idea to put on the lab coat.
2. studying / Success / depends / in / on / willingness / learn. / a / to
Success in studying depends on a willingness to learn.
3. right. / admire / determination / get / I/it / her / to
I admire her determination to get it right.
4. It / be / you / helpful / to / to / someone / might / trust. / talk
It might be helpful to talk to someone you trust.
5. people / a / are / These / in / good / to / help / also / you. / position
These people are also in a good position to help you.
Managing expectations and pressure
Being an individual, even when you're working with a part of a group, means making decisions based on
what is best for you. This means taking ownership and ____ (1) for what you do and how you think. It might be
hard to resist unrealistic expectations, even if you know they aren't right for you. Here are some suggestions
that can help you manage pressure and expectations better.
Talk to someone outside the situation. Talking to someone outside the situation, like a friend, parent
or counselor can be a great way ____ (2) your feelings. These people are also in a good position to help you
identify expectations and help you work out strategies to deal with them.
Talk to the person setting the expectations. Sometimes a person who is setting unreasonable expectations
might be unaware that he or she is putting unfair pressure on you. When you talk to this person, it might be
____ (3) to use a phrase like "When you treat me like this, then I feel..."
Have a variety of options for the future. Sometimes expectations are only focused on one outcome and if you
don't meet it, you might feel ____ (4) or like you've failed. Usually there are a number of ways to achieve a
goal. Try to have a couple of strategies for achieving your goals. It might help to talk to someone you trust,
like a friend, family member or counselor, about what different strategies might be.
Chill out. Sometimes getting some space and a change of scenery can be helpful. It's ____ (5) to give
yourself permission to do this regularly. You might want to go for a walk, or listen to your favorite music,
read a book, go to the movies, or whatever works for you.
Express your feelings. Writing down your feelings in a journal or private online space can be a great way to
gain some insight into a situation and reduce the power of unrealistic expectations. Expressing yourself ____ (6)
can also help you think about alternative solutions to problems.
Look after yourself. Expectations can ____ (7) to a lot of stress. It's important to take time out to do
something that you enjoy. And even though you might not feel like it or have time, exercising and eating
well can help you feel better. Getting ____ (8) of sleep can also keep you healthy.
Exercise helps stimulate hormones, such as endorphins, which help you feel better about yourself and
your life. If you haven't exercised a lot before, it might be a good idea to start doing something small a couple
of times each week, like a 15-minute walk or a couple of laps around a pool. Visiting your doctor for a medical
____ (9) can help you ensure that you're healthy.
Avoid drugs and alcohol. Try not to use alcohol or other drugs including lots of caffeine or other energy drinks in the hope
____ (10) feeling better or forgetting expectations and pressure. The feeling is usually
temporary and the effects often make you feel worse.
1. A. responsibility B. response C. respond D. responsible
2. A. to express B. express C. expressed D. expresses
3. A. help B. helps C. helpful D. needs
4. A. disappoint B. disappointed C. appoint D. disappointing
5. A. importance B. important C. useless D. uselessness
6. A. creative B. creation C. creatively D. create
7. A. lead B. have C. strive D. base
8. A. many B. plenty C. amount D. such
9. A. break-up B. stand up C. look up D. check-up
10. A. above B. of C. behind D. on
Fun corner
1. What word in the English language is always spelled incorrectly?
A. Shakespeare
B. It’s possible to spell anything right as long as you learn it
C. Onomatopoeia
D. Incorrectly
2. What rotates but still remains in the same place?
A. Clock
B. Stairs
C. Bottle (spin the bottle game)
UNIT 4. CARING FOR THOSE IN NEED - KEY
1. Vocabulary
disability (n): sự khuyết tật, sự hạn chế
disabled (adj): khuyết tật
visual (adj): thuộc thị giác
physical (adj): thuộc thân thể
cognitive (adj): thuộc nhận thức
impaired (adj): suy yếu, kém
impairment (n): sự suy yếu
blind (adj): mù
deaf (adj): điếc
deafen (v): làm điếc, cách âm
deafening (adj): làm chói tai
dumb (adj): câm
the Youth Union: Đoàn thanh niên
integrate (v): hòa nhập
campaign (n): chiến dịch
battery (n): pin
donate (v): quyên góp, hiến tặng
perceive (v): nhận thấy
preferable (adj): thích hợp hơn
energetic (adj): mạnh mẽ
record (v): thu âm
support (n): sự hỗ trợ
enthusiastically (adv): hăng hái
slogan (n): khẩu hiệu
Santa Claus: Ông già Nô-en
involve somebody in: mời ai tham gia vào ...
mobility (n): khả năng đi lại
Yule (n): lễ giáng sinh
Yule log (n): khúc củi đốt vào đêm Nô-en
coordination (n): sự phối hợp
coach (v): huấn luyện
vocational (adj): thuộc nghề nghiệp, hướng nghiệp
fracture (v): làm gãy
wheelchair (n): xe lăn
propose (v): đề xuất
hardship (n): sự khó khăn
discrimination (n): sự kỳ thị
unite (v): đoàn kết
strengthen (v): thắt chặt
background (n): hoàn cảnh
pedestrian (n): người đi bộ
audible (adj): có thể nghe thấy
indicate (v): chỉ
promote (v): xúc tiến
barrier (n): rào cản
poverty (n): sự nghèo đói
2. Grammar
The past simple and the present perfect
2.1. The past simple (Thì quá khứ đơn)
2.1.1. Form:
+) S + V-(e)d/V-2 She lived in California.
She left her hometown.
-) S + did not + V They did not live in California.
They did not leave their hometown.
?) Did + S + V? Did you live in California?
Did you leave your hometown?
* Note: V-2 là động từ bất quy tắc, ta phải học thuộc lòng trong cột thứ 2 của bảng động từ bất quy tắc.
2.1.2. Use: Thì quá khứ đơn được dùng để nói về:
- Hành động xảy ra tại thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ.
e.g. She went out to visit her friends yesterday.
(Hôm qua bà ấy ra ngoài thăm các bạn mình.)
I started learning English 10 years ago.
(Mình đã bắt đầu học Tiếng Anh 10 năm trước.)
He worked for police force in 1990.
(Ông ấy đã làm cho ngành công an vào năm 1990)
- Chuỗi hành động xảy ra liên tiếp nhau trong quá khứ.
e.g. He opened the door, entered the room and then turned on the light.
(Anh ta mở cửa, vào phòng rồi bật đèn lên.)
2.2. The present perfect (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
2.2.1. Form:
+) S+ have/has +V-(e)d/V-3 She has lived in California.
She has left her hometown.
-) S + have/has not + V-(e)d/V-3 They have not lived in California,
They have not left their hometown.
?) Have/has+ S + V-(e)d/V-3? Have you lived in California?
Have you left your hometown?
* Notes:
- V-3 là động từ bất quy tắc, ta phải học thuộc lòng trong cột thứ 3 của bảng động từ bất quy tắc.
- Has dùng với ngôi thứ ba số ít, have dùng với các ngôi số còn lại.
222. Use: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để nói về:
- Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng thời gian không rõ ràng.
e.g. She has gone out to visit her friends.
(Bà ấy đã ra ngoài thăm các bạn mình.)
I have learnt English.
(Mình đã học Tiếng Anh.)
He has worked for police force.
(Ông ấy đã làm cho nghành công an.)
- Tình huống hiện tại bắt đầu trong quá khứ, thường dùng với since/for
e.g. He has learnt English since 2002.
(Anh ấy bắt đầu học Tiếng Anh từ năm 2002.)
My dad has worked as a carpenter for 30 years.
(Bố của tôi đã làm nghề thợ mộc được 30 năm.)
* Notes:
- for + khoảng thời gian (3 days, 5 years, a long time...), since + mốc thời gian (last Monday, 2015,
his childhood )
- Phân biệt last + ... và for the last + .... last week: tuần trước (đã kết thúc), for the last week: suốt tuần qua
(tính đến hiện tại, vẫn còn), last month - for the last month, last semester - for the last semester
e.g. We repainted our house last week.
(Chúng tôi sơn lại nhà tuần trước.)
We have repainted our house for the last week.
(Chúng tôi sơn lại nhà suốt tuần qua.)
3. Pronunciation
Elision of vowels (Nuốt/bỏ âm nguyên âm)
Trong lời nói tự nhiên của người bản ngữ, họ có xu hướng nuốt/bỏ các nguyên âm yếu như âm /s/ để nói
nhanh và dễ hơn.
e.g.History /'hɪstri/ is my favorite subject.
Does he own a restaurant /'restrɒnt/?
PART II. PRACTICE
1. a. disability
2. b. battery
3. c. record
4. d. pedestrian
5. e. poverty
Your answer:
1. ____e____ 2. ____d____ 3. ____b____ 4. ____a____ 5. ____c____
1. ___cognitive_____ /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ (adj): _____thuộc nhận thức_____
2. _____impairment_____ /ɪmˈpeəmənt/ (n): _____sự suy yếu_______
3. _____integrate______ /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ (v): _______hòa nhập______
4. ____campaign_____ /kæmˈpeɪn/ (n): _____chiến dịch_____
5. _____perceive_______ /pəˈsiːv/ (v): _____nhận thấy_____
6. _____energetic______ /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ (adj): _____mạnh mẽ______
7. _____enthusiastically______ /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪkli/ (adv): _____hăng hái_____
8. _____propose______ /prəˈpəʊz/ (v): _______đề xuất______
9. ______background_______ /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ (n): ______hoàn cảnh_____
10. _____audible______ /ˈɔːdəbl/ (adj): _____có thể nghe thấy_____
1. A few weeks ago, a woman ______called_____ (call) to report a robbery at her house.
2. How ____did_____ the burglar _____break____ (break) in without anybody hearing him?
3. The burglar ___went___ (go) into the front room, opened all the cupboards and ____took___ (take) a
valuable collection of CDs.
4. The car wasn't badly damaged, but we ______decided_____ (decide) to turn around and go home.
5. She _____left_____ (leave) the door unlocked when she came back home.
6. I _____have worked_____ (work) at the restaurant since I moved here.
7. She _____has known____ (know) him since she was a child.
8. British women ____have overtaken____ (overtake) British men in the Internet usage for 10 years.
Experts are trying to explain this.
9. We _____have just received______ (just/receive) your message to us all about the seminar on Friday.
10. _____Has_____ your teacher _____done_____ (do) a lot of presentations before?
1. Vietnamese _____won Dien Bien Phu battle/ defeated French_______ in 1954.
2. Alexander Graham Bell _______invented the telephone______ in 1876.
3. Facebook ________was launched__________ in February 2004.
4. Vietnam ________joined the WTO (World Trade Organization)_________ on 11 January 2007.
5. Vietnam ________has been a member_____ of the TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) since 2016.
1. The unemployment rate increased since 1995.
The unemployment rate has increased since 1995.
2. I worked with my presentation for the last week and I am happy with it now.
I have worked with my presentation for the last week and I am happy with it now.
3. At last week's lecture, you've said that we should try using visual aids as soon as possible.
At last week's lecture, you said that we should try using visual aids as soon as possible.
4. In my last presentation, I have used the overhead projector.
In my last presentation, I used the overhead projector.
5. I lived in England for the past 3 years.
I have lived in England for the past 3
years. I lived in England 3 years ago.
audible support coached indicates backgrounds
perceived slogans blind involve mobility
1. I must have been ______blind________ not to realize the danger we were in.
2. The patient was ___________perceived________ to have difficulty in breathing,
3. There is strong public ______support________ for the change.
4. The crowd began chanting anti-government ________slogans________.
5. We want to ________involve_______ as many people as possible in the celebrations.
6. An electric wheelchair has given her greater ________mobility_________.
7. Her father _______coached_______ her for the Olympics 8 years ago.
8. In spite of their very different _____backgrounds_____, they immediately became friends.
9. The article claims that an increase in crime ______indicates_____ a decline in moral standards.
10. Her voice was barely ________audible________ above the noise.
1. physical a. the act of making parts of something, groups of people, etc. work together in
an efficient and organized way
2. cognitive b. to train somebody to play a sport, to do a job better, or to improve a skill
3. coordination c. connected with mental processes of understanding
4. coach d. connected with the skills, knowledge, etc. that you need to have in order to do
a particular job
5. vocational e. connected with a person's body rather than their mind
Your answer:
1. ____e____ 2. ____c____ 3. ____a____ 4. ____b____ 5. ____d____
1. The centre offers activities for everyone, whatever your age or _____physical______ condition. (physic)
2. He knew I was _____energetic______ and dynamic and would get things done. (energy)
3. The new program is really well designed, she says ________enthusiastically________. (enthusiastic)
4. There is a need for greater ______coordination_______ between departments in this bank. (coordinate)
5. The two men endured great _____hardship______ during their trek across Antarctica. (hard)
6. It would be _______preferable_______ to employ two people, not one. (prefer)
7. Many elderly people live in ________poverty______. (poor)
8. All _______donated_______ blood is tested for HIVand other infections. (donate)
9. Lack of _______confidence_________ is a psychological barrier to success. (confide)
10. The new manager has _____strengthened_____ the side by bringing in several younger players. (strong)
1. The boy was perceived to have difficulty in listening. The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. thought B. brought C. received D. delivered
2. Evan: “How can I find the number for the City Hall?"
- Steven: "____”
A. Take the red line to downtown.
B. Thanks a lot. I've found what I need the most.
C. Try to look it up in the yellow page.
D. You're welcome.
3. They are studying the links between ____ and linguistic development in young children.
A. language B. cognitive C. positive D. negative
4. The policy is to integrate children with special needs ____ ordinary schools.
A. into B. over C. beside D. above
5. "That enthusiastic lecturer hasn't done research for five years." has the closest meaning to:
A. That enthusiastic lecturer hasn't done research since five years.
B. That enthusiastic lecturer has done research five years ago.
C. That enthusiastic lecturer did research five years ago.
D. That enthusiastic lecturer did research for five years ago.
6. “I started spending time away from home when I was quite young." has the closest meaning to:
A. I have spent time away from home since I was quite young.
B. I started spending time away from home since I was quite young.
C. I have spent time away from home when I was quite young.
D. I spent time away from home since I was quite young.
7. They have not made any effort to ____ with the local community.
A. integrate B. concentrate C. relate D. contribute
8. Cost should not be a barrier ____ the use of legal services.
A. into B. over C. beside D. to
9. Nationalist parties ____ to oppose the government's plans.
A. unites B. united C. unit D. uniting
10. She has fallen and ____ her skull.
A. fractured B. have structured C. fracture D. structure
11. The government ____ changes to the voting system recently.
A. has proposed B. proposed C. proposes D. was proposing
12. The most significant rise ____ between 1995 and 2000.
A. has occurred B. occurs C. had occurred D. occurred
13. Two pedestrians ____ when the car skidded.
A. were injuring B. was injured C. were injured D. was injuring
14. He ____ to a wheelchair since the accident.
A. has been confined B. confined C. has confined D. confines
A. promote B. occur C. campaign D. deafen
16. Nowadays we say someone is ‘____’, not dumb.
A. hearing-impaired B. speech-impaired C. sight-impaired D. vision-impaired
She has coached hundreds of young singers for last year.
A B C D
18. Choose the answer which needs correcting,
They did not made any effort to integrate with the local community so far.
A B C D
A. fracture B. perceive C. donate D. record
It's the first time I participated in it, so I am really pleased.
A B C D
1. some / week, / from / talked / of / to / my / I / colleagues / Australia. / Last
Last week, I talked to some of my colleagues from Australia.
2. plan / They / presented / to / an / lately. / action / school / the / have / principal
They have presented an action plan to the school principal lately.
3. three / you / ago / decide / organize / to / football / a / match / Did / days /?
Did you decide to organize a football match three days ago?
4. We / long / cooperated / a / with / firm / have / for / time. / that
We have cooperated with that firm for a long time.
5. Japanese / sibling / from / taught / since / has / he / Her / graduated / university
Her sibling has taught Japanese since he graduated from university.
Helping people with disabilities
What was once thought of as merely a physical ____ (1) now covers many more problems an individual
may have, whether they be in the structure of the individual or rather in the mind. Generally, disabilities ____
(2) to reflect an interaction between features of a person's body juxtaposed against the features of the society
where that individual lives.
People with disabilities are generally considered to have a lower quality of life, however through
important ____ (3) and government advances, this is no longer the case. There are many social care activities
that ____ (4) those with physical and / or mental disabilities in order to allow them to fulfill an independent,
higher quality of existence. Social care workers are regularly visiting those in need of support and helping them
carry out practical tasks that need to be completed around the area where the individual lives.
Individuals can suffer from different ____ (5) that affect the body in different ways, as there are a
number of ways in which a person can be classed as being disabled. For example, an individual may ____ (6) as
being disabled if they have had an impairment in the past, including physical, sensory and cognitive.
Mental ____ (7), learning difficulties, terminal illness and chronic disease can also qualify a person as
being disabled. These problems may have occurred from birth as a random genetic code or perhaps they
will occur throughout life through illness or accident. No matter how, why or what any person who is
classed as being disabled is offered the same level of help and service ____ (8) social workers.
There are many people within the UK who do not understand that ____ (9) people may have different
levels of what they can accomplish. For example, a job such as being a columnist can be achieved by a person
with a physical disability to the same level as an fully able-bodied person and equally a person who suffers
from a mental disability can be ____ (10) of performing manual tasks such as labouring. However doctors and
social workers can determine whether the individual is suitable for work and what type of work they are able to
perform.
1. A. impaired B. impairs C. repair D. impairment
2. A. are considered B. is considered C. considered D. consider
3. A. healthy B. cared C. healthcare D. health
4. A. are involving B. is involving C. are involved D. is involved
5. A. disabled B. disability C. ability D. disabilities
6. A. beautify B. qualify C. rely D. entry
7. A. disorders B. orders C. able D. disable
8. A. for B. by C. of D. over
9. A. able B. abled C. disabilities D. disabled
10. A. able B. ability C. capable D. disability
Fun corner
1. What can you eat for breakfast?
A. Supper
B. Something sugary
C. Lunch
D. Dinner
2. Which is heavier, 100 pounds of rocks or 100 pounds of gold?

A. They weigh the same
B. 100 pounds of rocks
C. 100 pounds of gold
UNIT 5. BEING PART OF ASEAN - KEY
1. Vocabulary
charter (n): hiến chương
association (n): hiệp hội
state (n): quốc gia
block (n): khối
economy (n): nền kinh tế
economic (adj): thuộc về kinh tế
maintain (v): giữ gìn, duy trì
stability (n): sự ổn định
scholarship (n): học bổng
athlete (n): vận động viên
offer (v): cấp
principle (n): nguyên tắc
interference (n): sự can thiệp
external (adj): từ bên ngoài
internal (adj): thuộc nội bộ
quizz (v): đố
constitution (n): hiến pháp
solidarity (n): tình đoàn kết
dominate (v): vượt trội, chiếm ưu thế
award (v): trao
democracy (n): chế độ dân chủ
committed (adj): tận tâm
passion (n): sự say mê
motto (n): khẩu hiệu, phương châm
rank (v): xếp (hạng, thứ)
agreement (n): thỏa thuận, hiệp định
legal (adj): thuộc pháp lý
involve somebody in: mời ai tham gia vào ...
affair (n): vấn đề
sponsor (v): tài trợ
championship (n): giải vô địch
currency (n): tiền tệ
host (v/n): đăng cai/chủ nhà
council (n): hội đồng
empty-handed (adj): trắng tay, không đạt được gì
income (n): thu nhập
heritage (n): di sản
elongated (adj): kéo dài
exporter (n): nước xuất khẩu
Crude Oil: dầu thôi
marine (adj): thuộc về biển
ancestor worship (n): thờ cúng tổ tiên
ethnic group (n): dân tộc
custom (n): phong tục
charm (n): sức hấp dẫn
magic (adj): kỳ diệu
brochure (n): sách giới thiệu/quảng cáo
populous (adj): đông dân
school board (n): ban giám hiệu
monument (n): di tích
academic (adj): thuộc học tập
annually (adv): hàng năm
2. Grammar
2.1. Gerunds (Danh động từ)
2.1.1. Form: V-ing
Danh động từ có hình thức là động từ thêm đuôi -ing, danh động từ có thể theo sau:
*verb: avoid, be, consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, practice, propose, suggest,
mind, permit, risk, recommend. regret
e.g. He proposed meeting in a restaurant.
(Anh chàng đã đề xuất gặp nhau ở một nhà hàng.)
Tom regrets hurting Jerry's feeling.
(Tom tiếc vì đã xúc phạm Jerry.)
* verb + preposition: agree with, apologize for, base on, carry on, concentrate on, depend on, dream of,
focus on, insist on, rely on, succeed in, look forward to, object to
e.g. She apologized for coming late.
(Cô nàng đã xin lỗi vì đến muộn.)
They concentrate on conducting their research.
(Họ tập trung vào việc tiến hành nghiên cứu.)
*phrase: can't help, can't stand, feel like, no use
e.g. I can't help meeting him.
(Tôi không thể không gặp anh ấy)
Jane can't stand laughing when her boyfriend sings.
(Jane không thể nhịn cười khi bạn trai cô ấy hát.)
- Note: để tạo thành thể phủ định ta thêm nọt vào trước V-ing
e.g. She enjoys not eating out.
(Chị ấy không thích ăn ở ngoài.)
2.1.2. Use:
Danh động từ có hình thức là động từ thêm đuôi -ing, đóng vai trò như danh từ (làm chủ ngữ (S), bổ tố cho chủ
ngữ (SC) hoặc tân ngữ (0)
e.g. Working as a tour guide is very interesting.
(Làm hướng dẫn viên du lịch thật thú vị.)
His hobby is playing computer games.
(Sở thích của cậu bé là chơi game.)
I started learning English 10 years ago.
(Mình đã bắt đầu học Tiếng Anh 10 năm trước.)
2.2. State verbs (Động từ chỉ trạng thái)
Động từ chỉ trạng thái diễn tả trạng thái (nhận thức, cảm xúc, cảm nhận, sở hữu). Động từ chỉ trạng thái
thường không chia ở các thì tiếp diễn.
* Nhóm động từ chỉ nhận thức: believe, think, know, remember, doubt, guess, regret, realize, understand,
perceive
e.g. The girl realizes that it's unreal.
(Cô bé nhận ra rằng nó không có thật)
I guess he will not give up.
(Mình đoán bạn ấy sẽ không bỏ cuộc.)
* Nhóm động từ chỉ cảm xúc: desire, feel, like, love, hope, prefer, seem, want, wish
e.g. He desires to work as a teacher.
(Chú ấy khao khát làm giáo viên.)
We hope to see you the soonest.
(Bọn mình mong gặp lại bạn sớm.)
* Nhóm động từ chỉ cảm nhận: hear, see, smell, sound, taste
e.g. This milk tastes sour.
(Sữa này có vị chua.)
Your room smells awful.
(Phòng con có mùi kinh khủng.)
* Nhóm động từ chỉ sở hữu: have, own, belong to
e.g. I have a brother and a sister.
(Mình có một em trai và một em gái.)
That villa belongs to an old man.
(Căn biệt thự đó thuộc về một ông già.)
* Nhóm các động từ khác: be, concern, depend, include, matter
e.g. What matters most is your will.
(Điều quan trọng nhất là ý chí của em)
This book includes 10 units.
(Cuốn sách này gồm 10 bài)
- Note: Phân biệt động từ chỉ trạng thái với động từ
thường: e.g. He feels tired.
(Cu cậu cảm thấy mệt.)
The doctor is feeling his forehead to see if he has a fever.
(Bác sĩ đang sờ trán thằng bé xem nó có bị sốt không.)
I think he is a successful man.
(Tôi cho rằng bác ấy là một người thành công.)
I am thinking of my dad.
(Tôi đang nghĩ về bố tôi.)
3. Pronunciation
Intonation (Ngữ điệu)
Ngữ điệu là sự lên (up), xuống (down) giọng của người nói. Đây là vài nguyên tắc đơn giản của người bản ngữ.
* Ta xuống giọng ở cuối câu trong câu kể hoặc câu hỏi với từ để hỏi (Wh-).
e.g. History is my favorite subject.
Where do you want to travel?
* Ta lên giọng ở cuối câu trong câu hỏi Yes/No.
e.g.Does he own a restaurant?
Do you like reading?
* Ta lên giọng ở cuối câu khi thể hiện sự ngạc
nhiên. e.g. They broke up?
(Chúng nó chia tay rồi á?)
PART II. PRACTICE
1. a. athlete
2. b. currency
3. c. crude oil
4. d. marine
5. e. ancestor worship
Your answer:
1. ____c____ 2. ____a____ 3. ____b____ 4. ____e____ 5. ____d____
1. ____charter______ /ˈtʃɑːtə (r)/ (n): _____hiến chương______
2. ____stability_____ /stəˈbɪləti/ (n): ______sự ổn định_______
3. ____interference_____ /ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns/ (n): _____sự can thiệp_____
4. ____constitution______ /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ (n): _____hiến pháp______
5. ____solidarity_____ /ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/ (n): ______tính đoàn kết_____
6. ____democracy_____ /dɪˈmɒkrəsi/ (n): ______chế độ dân chủ______
7. _____motto______ /ˈmɒtəʊ/ (n): _____khẩu hiệu, phương châm______
8. _____heritage_____ /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ (n): ______di sản_____
9. _____populous______ /ˈpɒpjələs/ (adj): _____đông dân____
10. _____monument_____ /ˈmɒnjumənt/ (n): _____di tích_____
1. We've practiced _____handling______ (handle) animals.
2. I was thinking about _____doing____ (do) another course as we would be off in some weeks.
3. She went on ________talking______ (talk) even though the film had started.
4. If students enjoy _____being_____ (be) in class, they are more likely to learn.
5. ____Understanding____ (understand) how customers make decision has been a neglected area of
research so far.
6. Organizations invest huge amount of money in _____developing____ (develop) packaging that they
believe is effective.
7. ____Getting____ (get) customers to change brands is a challenge for manufacturers.
8. Jim ended up _______buying________ (buy) a new TV after his old one broke.
9. Bill avoided _____doing______ (do) his math assignment because the World Series was on.
10. It might be worth _______phoning____ (phone) the station to check the time of the train.
1. I remember ___feeling really scared/ shouting loudly/ crying___ when I watched that horror film.
2. _____Drinking too much coffee/ Working late at night______ gives him a headache.
3. ____Not doing his homework/ Being lazy______ caused him to fail the test.
4. In spite of ______missing the train____, we arrived on time.
5. Look at your car! How dirty it is! It definitely needs ___cleaning/ washing/ to be cleaned/ to be washed___.
1. The manager suggested have our meeting away from the office.
The manager suggested having our meeting away from the office.
2. Holly decided that fly above the clouds was the most incredible experience she'd ever had.
Holly decided that flying above the clouds was the most incredible experience she'd ever had.
3. She avoided him by walk on the opposite side of the road.
She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.
4. We arrived in Madrid after drove all night.
We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.
We arrived in Madrid after we drove all night.
We arrived in Madrid after having driven all night.
5. I am used to wait for buses.
I am used to waiting for
buses. I used to wait for
buses.
heritage external dominated hosting stability
maintained charter rank quizzed principles
1. It is important to have a ____charter____ of rights for people with disabilities.

2. The two countries have always ______maintained_____ close relations.
3. The _____stability______ of the dollar on the world's money markets is regularly noticed.
4. Stick to your _____principles_____ and tell him you won't do it.
5. A combination of internal and _____external____ factors caused the company to close down.
6. We were ______quizzed_______ on our views about education.
7. Arsenal ______dominated_____ the first half of the match.
8. Voters regularly _______rank______ education as being more important than defense.
9. Birmingham is ______hosting_____ a three-day conference on drugs.
10. The building is part of our national _______heritage______.
1. state a. an amount of money given to somebody by an organization to help pay
for their education
2. economy b. a country considered as an organized political community controlled
by one government
3. maintain c. to make something continue at the same level, standard, etc
4. scholarship d. the relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in
a particular country or region
5. committed e. willing to work hard and give your time and energy to something
Your answer:
1. ____b____ 2. ____d____ 3. ____c____ 4. ____a____ 5. ____e____
1. Do you belong to any professional or trade ______association(s)_____? (associate)
2. The country is now enjoying a period of relative ____stability_____ and prosperity. (stable)
3. She won a _______scholarship_______ to study at Stanford. (scholar)
4. They resent foreign _____interference_____ in the internal affairs of their country. (interfere)
5. A two-thirds majority is needed to amend the club's ______constitution____ (constitute)
6. Demonstrations were held as a gesture of _____solidarity___ with the hunger strikers. (solid)
7. His book describes the ___growth___ of nationalism in Germany before the Second World War. (grow)
8. An _____agreement____ was finally reached between management and employees. (agree)
9. That country is now a net _____exporter____ of fuel (= it exports more than it imports). (export)
10. It is said that the cottage is tiny, but it's very _____charming___. (charm)
4. Choose the best answer
1. She refuses to allow her family to help her as a matter of
principle. The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. principal B. rule C. princess D. article
2. Andy: "Can you tell me what the population of Thailand is?"
Lucy: “____”
A. I think it's about sixty years. B. I guess it's sixty million people.
C. Thailand is famous for population. D. Some experts say it's nearly sixty miles.
3. He went to drama school on a ____.
A. scholarship B. scholar C. solar D. polar
4. The information has come from reliable sources external ____ the government.
A. into B. over C. to D. above
5. "I remember that I posted my application form last month." has the closest meaning to:
A. I remember post my application form last month.
B. I remember posting my application form last month.
C. I remember to post my application form last month.
D. I remember posted my application form last month.
6. “I need to mend the ceiling of my house." has the closest meaning to:
A. The ceiling of my house needs to mend.
B. The ceiling of my house needs to mending,
C. The ceiling of my house needs to be mend.
D. The ceiling of my house needs mending.
7. They are offering a ____ for the return of their cat.
A. reward B. forward C. forwards D. awards
8. Many people are not aware of their rights to vote under the ____.
A. tissues B. contribution C. constitution D. issue
9. The English have a ____ for gardens.
A. passion B. dream C. prefer D. working
10. The school's ____ is: "Duty, Honour, Country".
A. motto B. motor C. say D. said
11. The tasks ____ in order of difficulty.
A. have already ranked B. already have ranked
C. already have been ranked D. have already been ranked
12. She couldn't help ____ in love with him.
A. to fall B. fall C. fallen D. falling
13. Two pedestrians ____ nervous when the car skidded.
A. were appearing B. appeared C. were appeared D. appearing
14. He ____ that there is no magic formula for passing exams-only hard work.
A. had believed B. believing C. believes D. is believing
A. understand B. enlighten C. interact D. disappear
16. Will you ____ me for a charity walk I'm doing?
A. concentrate B. sponsor C. dedicated D. impaired
Swim in the ocean has been Sharon's passion since she was five years old.
A B C D
18. Choose the answer which needs correcting,
I do not even mind clean them when I have free time.
A B C D
A. remember B. encourage C. interfere D. economy
I considered leave immediately, but instead I explained the situation to the waiter.
A B C D
1. I/ satisfied / the / my / was / with / think / speech. / teacher
I think the teacher was satisfied with my speech. I
think my teacher was satisfied with the speech.
2. co-worker / to / used / My / driving / on / English / left. / the / is
My English co-worker is used to driving on the left.
3. smelling / you/? / the / Why / soup / are
Why are you smelling the soup?
4. good /I/about/ outcome. / feel / the / race's
I feel good about the race’s outcome.
5. know! / have / else / shoes / than / You / anyone / I / more
You have more shoes than anyone else I know!
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer
ASEAN Economic Community
The ____ (1) of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015 is a major milestone in the regional
economic integration agenda in ASEAN, offering opportunities in the form of a huge market of US$2.6
trillion and over 622 million people. In 2014, AEC was ____ (2) the third largest economy in Asia and the
seventh largest in the world.
The AEC Blueprint 2025, adopted by the ASEAN Leaders at the 27th ASEAN Summit on 22 November
2015 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ____ (3) broad directions through strategic measures for the AEC from 2016
to 2025. Along with the ASEAN Community ____ (4) 2025, and the ASEAN Political Security Community
(APSC) Blueprint 2025 and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) Blueprint 2025, the AEC
Blueprint 2025 forms part of ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together. It succeeded the AEC Blueprint
(2008-2015), which ____ (5) in 2007.
The AEC Blueprint 2025 consists of five interrelated and mutually reinforcing characteristics, namely:
(i) A Highly Integrated and Cohesive Economy; (ii) A ____ (6), Innovative, and Dynamic ASEAN; (iii) Enhanced
Connectivity and Sectoral Cooperation; (iv) A Resilient, Inclusive, People-Oriented, and People Centred ASEAN;
and (v) A Global ASEAN. These characteristics support the vision for the AEC as envisaged
____ (7) the ASEAN Community Vision 2025.
The AEC Blueprint 2025 ____ (8) out the strategic measures under each of the five characteristics of
AEC 2025. To operationalise the Blueprint's ____ (9), these strategic measures will be further elaborated in
and implemented through the work plans of various sectoral bodies in ASEAN. The sectoral work plans will be
reviewed and updated ____ (10) to ensure their relevance and effectiveness. Partnership arrangements with the
private sector, industry associations and the wider community at the regional and national levels will also be
actively sought and fostered to ensure an inclusive and participatory approach to the integration process.
Institutions will be strengthened and enhanced approaches to monitoring and public outreach will likewise be
developed to support the effective implementation of the Blueprint.
1. A. establish B. establishes C. established D. establishment
2. A. collections B. collectively C. collects D. collect
3. A. provide B. providing C. provides D. provisions
4. A. Visually B. visible C. visibly D. Vision
5. A. was adopted B. adopted C. is adopted D. adopts
6. A. Competitive B. Competition C. Competitor D. Compete
7. A. about B. toward C. in D. out
8. A. sets B. provides C. focuses D. interacts
9. A. implemented B. implement C. implements D. implementation
10. A. rare B. rarely C. period D. periodically
Fun corner
1. You cannot sneeze without ____.
A. opening your eyes.
B. opening your mouth.
C. opening your heart.
D. opening your book.
2. When do you stop at green and go at red?

A. Watermelon!
B. Traffic Light!
C. Garden
Unit 6. GLOBAL WARMING - KEY
1. Vocabulary
emission (n): khí thải
fertilizer (n): phân bón
deforestation (n): sự phá rừng
man-made (adj): do con người
irresponsible (adj): vô trách nhiệm
suffer (v): chịu đựng
infectious (adj): lây nhiễm
ecological (adj): thuộc về sinh thái
come up with (phr-v): nghĩ ra
go through (phr-v): thảo luận chi tiết
work out (phr-v): tìm ra
severe (adj): khốc liệt
upset (v): phá vỡ
environmentalist (n): nhà môi trường học
alternative (adj): thay thế
identify (v): xác định
suspect (v): nghi ngờ
extinction (n): sự tuyệt chủng
numerous (adj): nhiều
catastrophic (adj): thảm khốc
release (v): thải ra, làm giảm
demand (n): nhu cầu
disrupt (v): gây cản trở
capture (v): hút
absorb (v): hút, hấp thụ
drought (n): hạn hán
flood (n): lũ lụt
injure (v): làm tổn thương
famine (n): nạn đói
delay (v): trì hoãn
disappearance (n): sự biến mất
diversity (n): sự đa dạng
ecosystem (n): hệ sinh thái
light bulb (n): bóng đèn
significantly (adv): một cách hiệu quả, mạnh mẽ
lawmaker (n): người lập pháp
ban (v): cấm
2. Grammar: Perfect participles and perfect gerunds
2.1. Perfect participles (Phân từ hoàn thành)
2.1.1. Form: having + V-3/(e)d
e.g. Having met his parents, he left home.
(Sau khi gặp bố mẹ mình, anh ấy rời khỏi nhà.)
He gave up smoking after having seen the death of a smoker.
(Cậu ta đã bỏ hút thuốc sau khi thấy cái chết của một người nghiện hút thuốc.)
Having drunk too much alcohol, he is vomiting now.
(Vì đã uống quá nhiều rượu nên giờ ông ta đang nôn mửa.)
* Note: Nếu phân từ hoàn thành đứng đầu cậu ta phải dùng dấu phẩy (,) giữa hai mệnh đề.
e.g. Having met his parents, he left home.
(Sau khi gặp bố mẹ mình, anh ấy rời khỏi nhà)
2.1.2. Use:
* Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn thành trong một mệnh đề để diễn tả nó xảy ra trước động từ của mệnh đề còn lại.
e.g. Having registered, Anna entered the conference room.
= After Anna had registered, she entered the conference room.
(Sau khi đã đăng ký Anna đi vào phòng hội nghị.)
* Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn thành trong một mệnh đề để diễn tả lý do cho động từ của mệnh đề còn lại
(mệnh đề chính).
e.g. Having worked on his computer for a long time, Peter feels dizzy now.
= Because Peter has worked on his computer for a long time, he feels dizzy now.
(Giờ Peter thấy chóng mặt là do cậu ấy đã làm việc trên máy tính quá lâu.)
* Note: chúng ta chỉ dùng phân từ hoàn thành khi hai mệnh đề có cùng chủ ngữ.
2.2. Perfect Gerunds (Danh động từ hoàn thành)
2.2.1. Form: having + V-3/(e)d
Danh động từ hoàn thành được dùng theo 2 cấu trúc sau:
* Verb + (object) + preposition + perfect gerund
e.g. He apologized for having broken his watch.
(Cậu bé xin lỗi vì đã làm vỡ mất chiếc đồng hồ.).
They praised the old lady for having caught the thief.
(Họ ca ngợi bà cụ vì đã tóm được tên trộm.)
Một số động từ dùng với cấu trúc trên: apologize for, accuse ... of, blame ... for, congratulate ... on, criticize ...
for, punish ... for, thank ... for, suspect ... of
* Verb + perfect gerund
e.g. The little girl admitted having eaten all the cakes.
(Cô bé thừa nhận là đã ăn hết số bánh đó.)
Một số động từ dùng với cấu trúc trên: deny, admit, forget, mention, remember, recall, regret
* Note: để tạo thành thể phủ định ta thêm not vào trước danh động từ hoàn thành.
e.g. Hana was punished for not having done her homework.
(Hana bị phạt vì chưa làm bài tập.)
2.2.2. Use: Danh động từ hoàn thành là hình thức thay thế cho danh động từ khi chúng ta đề cập đến hành
động trong quá khứ xảy ra trước động từ chính đứng trước nó.
e.g. Peter admitted having poured milk into the bowl.
= Peter admitted that he had poured milk into the bowl.
(Peter thừa nhận là đã đổ sữa vào trong cái bát.)
3. Pronunciation
Echo questions (câu hỏi lặp lại)
Câu hỏi lặp lại dùng để hỏi lại phần thông tin mà ta vừa nghe nhưng chưa rõ hoặc thể hiện sự ngạc nhiên
hoặc chú tâm vào lời nói của người khác (ồ thế á?). Ta lên giọng ở cuối câu hỏi lặp lại.
* Ta có thể hỏi bằng cách lặp lại một phần thông tin.
e.g. A: David said to me that he's getting married.
(David nói với mình rằng anh ấy sắp lấy vợ)
B: He's getting married?
(Ồ thế á?)
* Ta có thể hỏi bằng cách dùng câu có hình thức là câu kể nhưng có từ để hỏi ở cuối câu.
e.g.
A: My lover's dog is so lovely. Her name is Adam.
(Con chó của người yêu em thật đáng yêu. Tên nó là Adam.)
B: Her name is what?
(Tên nó là gì cơ?)
PART II. PRACTICE
1. a. deforestation
2. b. lawmaker
3. c. fertilizer
4. d. catastrophic
5. e. light bulb
Your answer:
1. ____b____ 2. ____a____ 3. ____d____ 4. ____c____ 5. ____e____
1. ____emission______ /iˈmɪʃn/ (n): _____khí thải______
2. ____infectious______ /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ (adj): _____lây nhiễm____
3. _____ecological______ /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ (adj): ____thuộc về sinh thái______
4. _____environmentalist______ /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/ (n): _____nhà môi trường học_____
5. _____extinction______ /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n): _____sự tuyệt chủng______
6. _____numerous______ /ˈnjuːmərəs/ (adj): ____nhiều_____
7. _____disrupt______ /dɪsˈrʌpt/ (v): _____gây cản trở_____
8. _____capture______ /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ (v): _____hút______
9. _____absorb_____ /əbˈzɔːb/ (v): _____hút, hấp thụ______
10. _____famine_____ /ˈfæmɪn/ (n): ______nạn đói____
1. ______Having taken off/ Taking off_______ (take off) his shoes, he realized that they smelled awful.
2. ______Having reached/ Reaching_________ (reach) the top of the mountain, they started a fire.
3. Their clients agreed to pay by check after _____having received/ receiving_____ (receive) the contracts.
4. He went out to play after _______having asked/ asking_____ (ask) his mother's permission.
5. We went to bed after ______having switched/ switching_____ (switch) all the lights.
6. My friend's cousin apologized for _____having broken/ breaking___ (break) my vase 4 months ago.
7. His neighbors suspected him of ____having dumped/ dumping____ (dump) a lot of rubbish onto the beach.
8. The president was awarded for ____having promoted/ promoting___ (promote) the close relationship
between two countries.
9. Last week, that strong man ____was accused___ (accuse) of having attacked the old lady's puppy.
10. They congratulated their beloved mayor on _____having given/ giving_____ (give) an excellent speech.
1. He did not drive home himself after _____having drunk too much/ having broken his arm ____.
2. ___Having seen the photograph of the place/ Having heard some bad news about that
university___, they had no desire to go there.
3. _____After having fallen from the horse back____, he was taken to hospital and had an operation.
4. She said good-bye to him after ____having realized that he was a liar/ having been cheated_____.
5. Farmers turned to use bio-fertilizers after ______having realized/ having been told about the dangers
of chemical fertilizers____.
1. Have washed the car, the skilled mechanic noticed a small scratch on the front left fender.
Having washed the car, the skilled mechanic noticed a small scratch on the front left fender.
Or: Washing the car, the skilled mechanic noticed a small scratch on the front left fender.
2. The sales manager was praised for take an important role in the development of the organization.
The sales manager was praised for having taken an important role in the development of the organization. Or:
The sales manager was praised for taking an important role in the development of the organization.
3. Read his proposal carefully, he submitted it to his lecturer.
Having read his proposal carefully, he submitted it to his lecturer.
Or: Reading his proposal carefully, he submitted it to his lecturer.
4. The board of director made big decisions after discuss for a long time.
The board of director made big decisions after having discussed for a long time.
5. The architect's co-worker apologized for having not kept his promise.
The architect's co-worker apologized for not having kept his promise.
Or: The architect's co-worker apologized for not keeping his promise.
came up disrupted upset identified suffering
suspect fertilizer went through numerous alternatives
1. He spread ______fertilizer______ on the field with a rake.

2. Many companies are _______suffering______ from a shortage of skilled staff.
3. She _________came up__________ with a new idea for increasing sales.
4. She _____went through______ the company's accounts, looking for evidence of fraud.
5. He arrived an hour late and _______upset_____ all our arrangements.
6. We can agree to their terms or else pull out of the deal completely: those are the two _____alternatives___
7. Scientists have ______identified_______ a link between diet and cancer.
8. If you _____suspect______ a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.
9. The advantages of this system are too _______numerous______ to mention.
10. Bus services will be ______disrupted_____ tomorrow because of the bridge closure.
1. irresponsible a. not thinking enough about the effects of what they do
2. alternative b. existing in large numbers
3. identify c. that can be used instead of something else
4. numerous d. causing a lot of damage and suffering
5. catastrophic e. to find or discover somebody/something
Your answer:
1. ____a____ 2. ____c____ 3. ____e____ 4. ____b____ 5. ____d____
1. The government has pledged to clean up industrial __________emission(s)________ (emit)
2. Flu is highly ________infectious________ (infect)
3. We risk upsetting the (ecology) ________ecological_______ balance of the area.
4. Strikes are causing severe ________disruption_________ to all train services. (disrupt)
5. The mountain gorilla is on the verge of _______extinction______ (extinct)
6. Police are investigating the ________disappearance/ appearance__________ of a young woman. (appear)
7. There is a need for greater _______diversity______ and choice in education. (diverse)
8. Profits have increased _________significantly_________ over the past few years. (signify)
9. State ___lawmakers___ have been arguing over the new healthcare reform bill for months. (lawmake)
10. It is said that land erosion is caused by widespread ________deforestation_______. (forest)
1. We apologize for the delay in answering your letter. The underlined word has the closest meaning to ____.
A. decay B. repay C. agreement D. postponement
2. William: "Who will come to Thomas's housewarming party?" - Scot: “____”
A. He's invited all his fellow workers. B. No, I haven't been there.
C. It will be warm house. D. He's cooking rice and noodle.
3. The country's entire grain harvest has been hit by a ____.
A. brought B. fought C. drought D. sought
7. The related publications are far too numerous ____ list individually.
A. to B. from C. of D. into
5. "After her partner had uninstalled a program, he restarted the computer." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. After had uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer,
B. Had uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer.
C. Having uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer.
D. After uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer
6. "That policeman had hidden the special statue in a wooden box, but he denied this." has the closest meaning
to ____.
A. That policeman denied to have hidden the special statue in a wooden box.
B. That policeman denied had hidden the special statue in a wooden box.
C. That policeman denied having hide the special statue in a wooden box.
D. That policeman denied having hidden the special statue in a wooden box.
7. Scientists worry about the ____ of many species of plants and animals from our planet.
A. erupt B. amount C. erode D. disappearance
8. The heavy rain has caused ____ in many parts of the country.
A. food B. drought C. importance D. floods
9. Plants ____ carbon dioxide from the air.
A. absorb B. resource C. sort D. export
10. You need to ____ the tension in these shoulder muscles.
A. release B. pleasure C. strengthen D. enlighten
11. Your receptionnist talked to me after ____ with some other customers.
A. have dealt B. having dealt C. dealt D. having dealing
12. The police suspected that strange van driver of ____ and eaten many wild animals.
A. hunting B. hunted C. having hunted D. had hunted
13. The factory ____ for dumping tons of toxic waste into the river.
A. was heavily fine B. was heavily fined C. was heavily fining D. was heavily fines
14. There's an increased ____ for organic produce these days.
A. success B. prepare C. demand D. complete
A. emission B. infectious C. identify D. fertilizer
16. We know of several mass ____ in the earth's history,
A. distinction B. extinction C. distinct D. extinctions
Spend all the money on advertising, he ended up going home empty-handed.
A B C D
The student was criticized on having written his final paper carelessly.
A B C D
A. alternative B. catastrophic C. interference D. disappearance
A. ecological B. extinction C. significantly D. economy
1. the / was / having / of / He / stolen / money. / accused
He was accused of having stolen the money.
2. wine. / She / up / of / suddenly, / glass / stood / upsetting / a
She stood up suddenly, upsetting a glass of wine.
3. trap. / he / right / walked / the / nothing, / Suspecting / into
Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap.
4. finished / Having/ his / he / to / all / bed. / homework, / went
Having finished all his homework, he went to bed.
5. film / before, / Having / the / the / didn't seen / want / I / to / to / cinema. / go
Having seen the film before, I didn’t want to go to the cinema.
Mitigation and adaptation
Mitigation - reducing climate change - involves reducing the flow of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere, either by reducing sources of these gases (for example, the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat or
transport) or enhancing the "sinks" that ____ (1) and store these gases (such as the oceans, forests and
soil). The goal of mitigation is to avoid dangerous human ____ (2) with the climate system, and "stabilize
greenhouse gas levels in a timeframe sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, ensure that
food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner" (from
the 2014 report on Mitigation of Climate Change from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, page 4). Adaptation - adapting to life in a changing climate - involves adjusting to actual or expected future
climate. The goal is to reduce our ____ (3) to the harmful effects of climate change (like sea-level encroachment,
more intense extreme weather events or food insecurity). It also encompasses making the
most of any potential beneficial opportunities ____ (4) with climate change (for example, longer growing
seasons or increased yields in some regions).
Throughout history, people and societies have adjusted to and coped ____ (5) changes in climate and
extremes with varying degrees of success. Climate change (drought in particular) has been at least partly ____
(6) for the rise and fall of civilizations. Earth's climate has been relatively stable for the past 12,000 years
and this ____ (7) has been crucial for the development of our modern civilization and life as we know it.
Modern life is tailored to the stable climate we have become accustomed to. As our climate changes, we will
have to learn to adapt. The faster the climate changes, the harder it could be.
While climate change is a global issue, it is felt on a local scale. Cities and municipalities are therefore
at the frontline of adaptation. In the ____ (8) of national or international climate policy direction, cities and
local communities around the world have been focusing on solving their own climate problems. They are
working to build flood defenses, plan for heatwaves and higher temperatures, install water-permeable
pavements to better deal with floods and stormwater and improve water storage and use.
According to the 2014 report on Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (page 8) from
the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, governments at various levels are also getting
better ____ (9) adaptation. Climate change is starting to be factored into a ____ (10) of development plans:
how to manage the increasingly extreme disasters we are seeing and their associated risks, how to protect
coastlines and deal with sea-level encroachment, how to best manage land and forests, how to deal with and
plan for reduced water availability, how to develop resilient crop varieties and how to protect energy and public
infrastructure.
1. A. private B. separate C. dedicate D. accumulate
2. A. independence B. interference C. indicate D. interrupt
3. A. view B. vulnerability C. volcano D. visible
4. A. associated B. ashamed C. allow D. aimed
5. A. onto B. into C. with D. over
6. A. responsible B. visible C. focus D. impossible
7. A. ability B. able C. stable D. stability
8. A. absent B. abstract C. absence D. abscess
9. A. at B. to C. over D. behind
10. A. several B. lots C. much D. variety
Fun corner
1. What question must always be answered "Yes"?
A. Are you a human?
B. Will everyone die someday?
C. Does everyone have a biological mother?
D. What does Y-E-S spell?
2. What has a tail but no body?

A. A human!
B. A cloud!
C. A coin!
Unit 7. FURTHER EDUCATION - KEY
1. Vocabulary
further education (n): giáo dục dạy nghề
higher education (n): giáo dục đại học
academic (adj): mang tính học thuật
Vocational (adj): liên quan đến nghề nghiệp
analytical (adj): thuộc phân tích
critical (adj): thuộc phản biện
critical thinking (n): tư duy phản biện
bachelor (n): cử nhân
bachelor's degree (n): bằng tốt nghiệp đại học
master (n): thạc sĩ
master's degree (n): bằng thạc sĩ
doctor (n): tiến sĩ
doctoral degree (n): bằng tiến sĩ = doctorate = PhD
undergraduate (n): đại học
postgraduate (n): sau đại học, học viên cao học
practical (adj): có tính thực hành
qualification (n): bằng cấp
study abroad: đi du học
major (n): chuyên ngành
internship (n): việc thực tập
curriculum vitae (n): sơ yếu lý lịch, bản lý lịch = CV = résumé
institution (n): cơ sở, cơ quan
kindergarten (n): trường mẫu giáo
pursue (v): theo đuổi, học lên
scientifically (adv): có tính khoa học
appreciate (v): công nhận, đánh giá cao
respectively (adv): theo thứ tự
broaden (v): mở rộng
interaction (n): sự ảnh hưởng lẫn nhau
available (adj): có
availability (n): sự có sẵn
mandatory (adj): bắt buộc
distance education (n): giáo dục từ xa
exchange student (n): sinh viên sang học ở nước khác theo chương trình trao đổi sinh viên
simultaneously (adv): cùng một lúc
credit-based course (n): khóa học theo tín chỉ
cloud (n): hiệu ứng đám mây (để lưu trữ dữ liệu)
flexibility (n): sự linh động
coordinator (n): điều phối viên
overcome (v): vượt qua
eligible (adj): đủ điều kiện
consult (v): tư vấn
entry requirement (n): điều kiện đầu vào
transcript (n): bản sao học bạ, bảng điểm = transcript of marks
accommodation (n): chỗ ở
hall of residence (n): nơi ăn ở của sinh viên đại học
bank account (n): tài khoản ngân hàng
enroll (v): đăng ký, tuyển
admission (n): sự chấp nhận (cho học)
polytechnic (n): trường bách khoa
essential (adj): cần thiết
collaboration (n): sự hợp tác
2. Grammar
The present perfect and present perfect continuous
2.1. The present perfect (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
2.1.1. Form:
+) S + have/has +V-(e)d/V-3 She has lived in California.
She has left her hometown.
-) S + have/has not + V-(e)d/V-3 They have not lived in California
They have not left their hometown.
+) Have/has+ s + V-(e)d/V-3? Have you lived in California?
Have you left your hometown?
* Notes:
- V-3 là động từ bất quy tắc, ta phải học thuộc lòng trong cột thứ 3 của bảng động từ bất quy tắc.
- Has dùng với ngôi thứ ba số ít, have dùng với các ngôi số còn lại.
2.1.2. Use: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để nói về:
- Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng thời gian không rõ ràng.
e.g. She has gone out to visit her friends.
(Bà ấy đã ra ngoài thăm các bạn mình.)
I have learnt English.
(Mình đã học Tiếng Anh.)
He has worked for police force.
(Ông ấy đã làm cho ngành công an.)
- Tình huống hiện tại bắt đầu trong quá khứ, thường dùng với since/for
e.g. He has learnt English since 2002.
(Anh ấy bắt đầu học Tiếng Anh từ năm 2002,)
My dad has worked as a carpenter for 30 years.
(Bố của tôi đã làm nghề thợ mộc được 30 năm)
* Notes:
- for + khoảng thời gian (3 days, 5 years, a long time...), since + mốc thời gian (last Monday, 2015, his
childhood ....).
- Phân biệt last + ... và for the last + …: last week: tuần trước (đã kết thúc), for the last week: suốt tuần qua (tính
đến hiện tại, vẫn còn), last month - for the last month, last semester - for the last semester .....
e.g. We repainted our house last week.
(Chúng tôi sơn lại nhà tuần trước.)
We have painted our house for the last week.
(Chúng tôi sơn lại nhà suốt tuần qua.).
2.2. The present perfect continuous (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn).
2.2.1. Form:
+) S + have/has + been +V-ing She has been living in California for 5 years.
-) S + have/has not + been + V-ing They have not been living in California for 5 years.
?) Have/has+ S + been + V-ing? Have you been living in California for 5 years?
* Note: Has dùng với ngôi thứ ba số ít, have dùng với các ngôi số còn lại.
2.2.2. Use: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn được dùng để nói về:
- Hành động đã diễn ra được bao lâu tính cho đến hiện tại (ta cũng có thể dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành trong
trường hợp này).
e.g. She has been sleeping for 4 hours.
(Cô bé đã ngủ được 4 tiếng rồi.)
She has slept for 4 hours.
(Cô bé đã ngủ được 4 tiếng rồi.)
He has been working for police force for a long time.
(Ông ấy đã làm cho nghành công an được một thời gian dài rồi.)
He has worked for police force for a long time.
(Ông ấy đã làm cho nghành công an được một thời gian dài rồi.)
- Hành động diễn ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn để lại dấu vết ở hiện tại.
e.g. The ground is wet. It has been raining.
(Mặt đất vẫn còn ướt. Trời đã mưa.)
* Note: Phân biệt thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn: mặc dù ta có thể dùng thì hiện tại
hoàn thành để thay thế cho thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhưng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn thiên về nhấn
mạnh quá trình còn thì hiện tại hoàn thành thiên về nhấn mạnh kết quả.
e.g. We repainted our house.
Chúng tôi đã sơn lại nhà (đã sơn xong).
We have been painting our house for several hours.
Chúng tôi sơn nhà đã được một vài tiếng (giờ vẫn đang tiếp tục sơn).
I started reading 3 hours ago. Now I am on page 8. I have been reading for 3 hours and I have
read 8 pages.
Mình bắt đầu đọc sách 3 giờ trước. Giờ mình đọc đến trang 8 rồi. Mình đã đọc được 3 giờ và
đọc được 8 trang.
3. Pronunciation
Intonation (ngữ điệu)
- Trong lời nói tự nhiên người bản ngữ lên giọng ở cuối câu với câu hỏi Yes/No.
e.g. Have you found your key?
(Anh tìm thấy chìa khóa chưa?).
Do you think that it's a fantastic film?
(Chú có nghĩ rằng nó là một bộ phim tuyệt vời không?)
- Trong lời nói tự nhiên người bản ngữ xuống giọng ở cuối câu với câu hỏi với từ để hỏi Wh-.
e.g. How long have you been working here?
(Cô làm việc ở đây lâu chưa?)
Why did you get that scholarship?
(Làm sao mà bạn lại nhận được học bổng đó?)
PART II. PRACTICE
1. a. analytical
2. b. kindergarten
3. c. bank account
4. d. hall of residence
5. e. transcript of marks
Your answer:
1. ____e____ 2. ____a____ 3. ____b____ 4. ____c____ 5. ____d____
1. ____vocational_____ /vəʊˈkeɪʃənl/ (adj): _____liên quan đến nghề nghiệp_____
2. ____qualification_____ /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n): ____bằng cấp_____
3. ____internship_____ /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ (n): _____việc thực tập______
4. _____institution_______ /ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃn/ (n): _____cơ sở, cơ quan_____
5. _____appreciate_______ /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ (v): ____công nhận, đánh giá cao______
6. _____mandatory_______ /ˈmændətəri/ (adj): ______bắt buộc______
7. ____simultaneously_______ /ˌsɪmlˈteɪniəsli/ (adv): _____cùng một lúc_____
8. ____eligible_____ /ˈelɪdʒəbl/ (adj): _____đủ điều kiện______
9. ____accommodation_____ /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ (n): ______chỗ ở_____
10. ____admission_____ /ədˈmɪʃn/ (n): ______sự chấp nhận (cho học)______
1. As you __have already seen__ (already/see) in Section A of this application, I have a good academic record.
2. William ______has just received______ (just/receive) the results of his recent exams.
3. Your university attracts me because I enjoy sports and I ______have read____
(read) in your prospectus about the large number of sports on offer.
4. They _____have recently joined____ (recently/join) a basketball team which competes at a national level.
5. The group of students _____have been working______ (work) on their presentation for the past few days.
6. How long _________have you been living_________ (you/live) here?
7. I ______have been studying/ have studied________ (study) at a college here since I arrived.
8. ______Have you done_____ (you/do) any travelling over the past 3 years?
9. She _____has been taking______ (take) singing lessons for a few months now too.
10. My sister _____has been doing_____ (do) a Hospitality and Tourism course over here, so she needs
English for her study.
1. There is a heap of hot ashes. Someone ___has been starting a fire./ has been burning dead branches____.
2. The ground is still wet. It/Someone ___It has been raining./ Someone has been spraying water on it__.
3. Yesterday the ceiling was blue, but it is red now. Someone ____has been painting it./ has painted it____.
4. The boy has a black eye and a cut lip. He _____has been fighting./ has been falling____.
5. The safe is empty _____its owners have been putting away the money./ burglars have been stealing the
money______.
1. I have not been finishing my assignments yet.
I have not finished my assignments yet.
2. The sales manager played an important role in the development of the organization for the past 3 quarters.
The sales manager has been playing an important role in the development of the organization for the
past 3 quarters.
Or: The sales manager played an important role in the development of the organization last quarter.
3. They have been searching for information about higher education in Australia for last week.
They have been searching for information about higher education in Australia for the last week
4. The board of director has been making big decisions to relocate and renovate the company recently.
The board of director has made big decisions to relocate and renovate the company recently.
5. That Master of TESOL student has been reading 20 reliable articles to complete his thesis.
That Master of TESOL student has read 20 reliable articles to complete his thesis.
cloud major pursue appreciated curriculum vitae
flexibility overcame academic available educationalist
th
1. She was perhaps the most significant ______educationalist_____ of the 20 century.
2. The enrolment criteria are geographical rather than _______academic_____.
3. Her _____major_______ is French. She spends most of her time for it.
4. Applications with a full ___curriculum vitae___ and two references should reach the Principal by June 12th.
5. We intend to ________pursue_______ this policy with determination.
6. His talents are not fully _______appreciated________ in that company.
7. Further information is _______available_______ on request.
8. Key company documents are now stored in the ______cloud______, so you no longer need to save them to
your computer's hard drive.
9. Computers offer a much greater degree of ______flexibility_____ in the way work is organized.
10. She ______overcame______ injury to win the Olympic gold medal several years ago.
1. higher education a. to recognize the good qualities of somebody/ something
2. postgraduate b. to do something or try to achieve something over a period of time
3. further education c. education and training at college and university, especially to degree
level
4. appreciate d. a person who already holds a first degree and who is doing advanced
study or research; a graduate student
5. pursue e, education that is provided for people after leaving school, but not at a
university
Your answer:
1. ____c____ 2. ____d____ 3. ____e____ 4. ____a____ 5. ____b____
1. Her classmates admire her so much because she has a clear _______analytical_____ mind. (analyze)
2. There are some obvious ______practical_____ applications of the research. (practice)
3. In this job, experience counts for more than paper _______qualifications______.(qualify)
4. An ______internship_____ at a television station is a wonderful experience for him. (intern)
5. Having failed a number of times, he is learning how to think ______scientifically_____. (science)
6. Please accept this gift in ______appreciation____ of all you've done for us. (appreciate)
7. The ____interaction_____ of bacteria with the body's natural chemistry is being examined. (interact)
8. The new plane was a triumph of European industrial and technical ______collaboration______. (collaborate)
9. She assessed each of her students to determine their _______eligibility______ to take the higher exam.
(eligible)
10. Julie and Mark, aged 17 and 19 _______respectively_____. (respect)
1. It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus. The underlined word has the closest
meaning to ____.
A. factory B. compulsory C. possible D. successful
2. Ted: “Who should I call concerning the lawsuit?" - Tony: “____”
A. I'm on holiday until next week.
B. You ought to talk to Mr. Nguyen first.
C. I was not concerning the suit.
D. No, the manager doesn't wear business suits every day.
3. Bachelor's ____ include Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and Bachelor of Science (B.SC.)
A. degrees B. agrees C. downturns D. achievement
4. Previous teaching experience is a necessary ____ for this job.
A. subtraction B. extinction C. distraction D. qualification
5. “They are building a language centre for disabled students. They started building it 6 months ago." has the
closest meaning to ____.
A. They have been building a language centre for disabled students for 6 months.
B. They haven't been building a language centre for disabled students for 6 months.
C. They haven't built a language centre for disabled students for 6 months.
D. They built a language centre for disabled students for 6 months.
6. “The last time he worked out was 5 years ago." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. He has been working out for 5 years. B. He has not worked out 5 years ago.
C. He has not worked out for 5 years. D. He has not been working out 5 years ago.
7. Send a full CV ( ____ Vitae) with your job application.
A. Column B. Curriculum C. Color D. Culture
8. Spending a year working in the city helped to ____ his horizons.
A. steal B. deal C. burden D. broaden
9. We'll send you a copy as soon as it becomes ____.
A. unstable B. able C. available D. disabled
10. The slowdown of the US economy occurred ____ with a downturn in Europe.
A. usually B. always C. happily D. simultaneously
11. She ____ for an MA scholarship for four times. Now she is preparing to apply for the fifth time.
A. has been applying B. has been applied C. has applied D. had applied
12. Fees for his vocational course ____ by his parents.
A. paid B. have been paid C. have been paying D. had paid
13. Prof. Wilson has been giving the same seminar to students ____.
A. for the last 12 years B. for last 12 years C. in the last 12 years D. the last 12 years
14. The charity will be taking food and ____ supplies to six refugee camps.
A. need B. essential C. absent D. self-esteem
15.Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. bachelor B. critical C. internship D. appreciate
16.The new regulations made a lot of prisoners ____ for early release.
A. eligible B. successful C. dedicated D. interfered
17.Choose the answer which needs correcting,
The life of the farmers in this area has changed a lot over last 10 years.
A B C D
18.Choose the answer which needs correcting.
What is the most interesting thing you did over the last few months?
A B C D
A. institution B. curriculum C. analytical D. undergraduate
A. simultaneously B. flexibility C. respectively D. polytechnic
1. of / need / enroll / the / to / end / August. / You / before
You need to enroll before the end of August.
2. price / accommodation / Hotel / included / the / of / in / your / holiday. / is
Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.
3. about / I / to / consulted / expect / issues. / be / major
I expect to be consulted about major issues.
4. are / country? / you / When / eligible / vote / your / to / in
When are you eligible to vote in your country?
5. availability / her / before / the / you / Check / schedule / meeting.
Check her availability before you schedule the meeting.
Interesting Facts about Japanese School System
How fast can you multiply 21 times 13? And, what about 123 times 321? Well, Japanese children do it
in no time, with a help of several lines. Any kid can do that, even a five year old. They don't learn numbers ____
(1). Instead, they draw and play.
You wonder how can it be? This is because teaching in this country is about the quality of lessons, not
____ (2). Here's an example of a regular math class in Japan:
The class starts with the customary aisatsu (greetings) to the teacher and ____ (3) by his question if
students know how to solve a problem he had previously put up on the board. That day his class ____ (4) to
learn how to solve equations with multiple fractions and he instructs his fifth-graders how to approach these
math problems.
The first student to finish shots a hand up. The teacher walks over, glances ____ (5) the problem and
circles it to signal it was correct. The student then gets up and away from his seat. Another hand shots up. But,
this time the first student ____ (6) the role of the teacher, or the corrector.
Math is also a type of a language, so why wouldn't we ____ (7) it as if we were learning English,
Japanese or social studies? The Japanese say that if you teach what you learn, you will remember about 90
percent. If teachers stand at the board and just lecture, through mere listening, the students will ____ (8) far less
- say, 40 percent - so it's far more effective to have them discussing problems and teaching each other. Also, it's
important to have very little ____ (9) or rest time and to constantly keep them motivated.
Children all around the world usually learn between 26-33 letters (not ____ (10) into account certain Asian
languages which have a rather pictographic approach). Do you know how many characters Japanese children
need to know in order to read and write? More than 26, that's for sure.
1. A. by heart B. by picture C. in heart D. in picture
2. A. quantity B. qualified C. amount D. number of
3. A. followed B. is followed C. follows D. following
4. A. suppose B. were supposed C. is supposed D. supposing
5. A. onto B. into C. at D. over
6. A. doing B. makes C. have D. takes
7. A. attack B. approach C. attract D. allow
8. A. retain B. sustain C. substance D. decrease
9. A. parties B. cakes C. downtime D. durable
10. A. cleaning B. spraying C. removing D. taking
Fun corner
1. How many sides does a circle have?
A. The back
B. None. It's a circle
C. Four
D. Two
2. Does England have a 4th of July?
A. Yes
B. No
C. I don't know
D.
Unit 8. OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES - KEY
1. Vocabulary
nightlife (n): hoạt động giải trí ban đêm
go sightseeing (n): đi ngắm cảnh
imperial (adj): thuộc hoàng tộc, hoàng đế
citadel (n): thành lũy
comprise (n): bao gồm
complex (n): quần thể, tổ hợp
royal (adj): thuộc hoàng gia
palace (n): cung điện
royal palace (n): hoàng cung
intact (adj): còn nguyên vẹn
ruin (n): đống đổ nát
dynasty (n): triều đại
subsequent (adj): sau
demolish (v): phá hủy
relic (n): di tích
excavation (n): việc khai quật, chỗ khai quật
archaeological (adj): thuộc khảo cổ
heritage (n): di sản
monument (n): công trình (kỷ niệm)
grotto (n): hang động
scenery (n): phong cảnh
hospitable (adj): hiếu khách
reasonable (adj): hợp lý, phải chăng (giá)
breathtaking (adj): hấp dẫn
be well-known for: nổi tiếng về = be famous for
magnificent (adj): rất đẹp, lộng lẫy
cruise (n): chuyến đi chơi bằng đường biển
itinerary (n): lịch trình cho chuyến đi.
superb (adj): tuyệt vời
prawn (n): tôm hồng
sea clam (n): con ngao
crab (n): con cua, con ghẹ
authentic (adj): thật, đáng tin cậy
elegance (n): vẻ thanh lịch
islet (n): hòn đảo nhỏ
knowledgeable (adj): am hiểu
tomb (n): mộ, mả
emperor (n): hoàng đế
poetic (adj): nên thơ
mosaic (n): khảm (ghép mảnh)
prestigious (adj): có uy tín
limestone (n): đá vôi
stream (n): dòng suối
flora (n): quần thực vật
fauna (n): quần động vật
steep (adj): dốc
criterion (n): tiêu chí (số nhiều: Criteria)
date from/back: có niên đại từ
architectural (adj): thuộc kiến trúc
set off: khởi hành
mausoleum (n): lăng
marble (n): đá hoa
mosque (n): nhà thờ hồi giáo
dome (n): mái vòm
acknowledge (v): công nhận
muslim (adj): thuộc Hồi giáo
masterpiece (n): kiệt tác
blend (v): pha trộn
harmonious (adj): hài hòa
2. Grammar
Participle and to-infinitive clauses (V-ing, V-(e)d/3, To V)
Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể thay thế bằng hình thức ngắn gọn hơn bằng cách bỏ đại từ quan hệ và biến động từ
của mệnh đề quan hệ thành V-ing, V-(e)d/3 hoặc To V
2.1. V-ing: ta đổi động từ của mệnh đề quan hệ thành V-ing khi nó được chia ở thể chủ động.
e.g. A picture that shows the image of a person is a portrait.
→ A picture showing the image of a person is a portrait.
(Bức tranh thể hiện hình ảnh của một người là tranh chân dung.)
The man who is driving the car is a friend of mine,
→ The man driving the car is a friend of mine.
(Người đàn ông đang lái chiếc xe đó là bạn của tôi)
2.2. V-(e)d/3: ta đổi động từ của mệnh đề quan hệ thành V-(e)d/3 khi nó được chia ở thể bị động.
e.g. The problems that were discussed will be essential for your exam.
→ The problems discussed will be essential for your exam.
(Vấn đề đã được thảo luận sẽ cần thiết cho kỳ thi của em.).
She only eats cakes that are made by her mother.
→ She only eats cakes made by her mother.
(Cô bé chỉ ăn bánh được làm bởi mẹ của mình.)
Note: ta dùng being + V-(e)d/3 khi động từ của mệnh đề quan hệ chia ở thì tiếp diễn.
e.g. The problems that are being discussed will be essential for your exam
→ The problems being discussed will be essential for your exam.
(Vấn đề đang được thảo luận sẽ cần thiết cho kỳ thi của em.)
She is looking at the cakes that are being made by her mother.
→ She is looking at the cakes being made by her mother.
(Cô bé đang nhìn vào những cái bánh đang được làm bởi mẹ của mình.)
2.3. To V: ta đổi động từ của mệnh đề quan hệ thành To V khi đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ đi
với số thứ tự (the first, the second ...), so sánh nhất (the best, the most intelligent ...), the next, the last,
the only
e.g. Neil Armstrong was the first person who landed on the moon.
→ Neil Armstrong was the first person to land on the moon.
(Neil Armstrong là người đầu tiên đặt chân lên mặt trăng.)
Jane was the most intelligent student that took part in the contest.
→ Jane was the most intelligent student to take part in the contest.
(Jane là học sinh thông minh nhất tham gia cuộc thi đó.)
Tom is usually the last person who understands the joke.
→ Tom is usually the last person to understand the joke.
(Tom thường là người sau cùng hiểu ra trò đùa.)
3. Pronunciation
- Câu hỏi lựa chọn là câu hỏi sử dụng “or” (hoặc), có thể có một hoặc nhiều lựa chọn trước “or”. Trong lời
nói tự nhiên người bản ngữ lên giọng ở các lựa chọn trước và xuống giọng ở lựa chọn sau cùng, sau "or".
e.g.Do you live in New York or Washington?
(Ông sống ở New York hay Washington?)
Is it a citadel, a tomb or a wall?
(Nó là thành trì, lăng mộ hay bức tường?)
What would you like to have for your breakfast? Rice or noodle?
(Anh muốn ăn gì cho bữa sáng? Cơm hay phở?)
PART II. PRACTICE
1. a. grotto
2. b. cruise
3. c. prawn
4. d. mosaic
5. e. blend
Your answer:
1. ____a____ 2. ____c____ 3. ____b____ 4. ____d____ 5. ____e____
1. ___imperial___ /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/ (adj): ____thuộc hoàng tộc, hoàng đế______
2. ____citadel______ /ˈsɪtədəl/ (n): _____thành lũy_____
3. ____intact_______ /ɪnˈtækt/ (adj): _____còn nguyên vẹn____
4. _____dynasty_______ /ˈdɪnəsti/ (n): ____triều đại_____
5. ____relic_____ /ˈrelɪk/ (n): _____di tích_______
6. _____excavation______ /ˌekskəˈveɪʃn/ (n): ____việc khai quật, chỗ khai quật______
7. _____hospitable_______ /hɒˈspɪtəbl/ (adj): _____hiếu khách____
8. _____magnificent_____ /mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/ (adj): _____rất đẹp, lộng lẫy______
9. ______emperor______ /ˈempərə(r)/ (n): ______hoàng đế_______
10. _____harmonious______ /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ (adj): ____hài hòa______
1. The house _______standing_______ (stand) at the end of the road will soon be sold.
2. Irish people ________living________ (live) in Great Britain have the right to vote in British elections.
3. Animals ________eating________ (eat) plants are called herbivores.
4. Lorries _______coming_______ (come) over the bridge have to be careful of the wind.
5. I don't know much about the games ___________played________ (play) by children nowadays.
6. We live in a house _________built_________ (build) when our family moved to this town.
7. This vase, ________made_______ (make) in a mountainous village in the 14th century, is very valuable.
8. Mike was the only one ________to understand_______ (understand) the situation I was in.
9. The last person _________to leave________ (leave) should turn off the lights.
10. He was the most successful one ________to run_____ (run) the Human Resources Department last quarter.
1. Barack Obama is the first black man _____to be elected to be the U.S. president____.
2. President Clinton ____is the first U.S. leader to officially visit____ Vietnam since U.S. troops
withdrew from the country in 1975.
3. ___Richard Nixon_____ was the last U.S. serving president to visit the region when he traveled to
the former U.S.-backed South Vietnam in July 1969 when the war was raging.
4. Bao Dai ________was the last king to rule in Vietnam______.
5. Binh Ngo Dai Cao ____is the first Declaration of Independence of Vietnam____.
1. The boy was waiting in the hall expected a phone call.
The boy waiting in the hall expected a phone call.
Or: The boy who/ that was waiting in the hall expected a phone call.
2. Passengers wanted to go to Liverpool had to change in Manchester.
Passengers wanting to go to Liverpool had to change in Manchester.
Or: Passengers who/ that wanted to go to Liverpool had to change in Manchester.
3. The conference which was planning by non-governmental organizations was about globalization.
The conference which was planned by non-governmental organizations was about globalization.
Or: The conference planned by non-governmental organizations was about globalization.
4. After a long discussion, the members in their group decided to stay in a hotel overlooks the nearby river.
After a long discussion, the members in their group decided to stay in a hotel overlooking the nearby river.
5. The strawberries being eating at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland.
The strawberries which were being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in
Scotland. Or: The strawberries which were eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in
Scotland. Or: The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland.
Or: The strawberries eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland.
blend steeper masterpiece hospitable breathtaking
elegance set off acknowledge absolutely subsequent
1. Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a ______subsequent_____ report.

2. The local people are very ___________hospitable_________ to strangers.
3. They said they had never seen such an amazing place. The scene was one of _____breathtaking_____
features.
4. All of the attendants strongly agreed that his performance was _____absolutely_____
superb. The Grand
5. Synonymous with luxury and timeless _______elegance______, The Grand Hotel will re-open in December.
6. It was demonstrated that the path grew _________steeper_________ as the participant students
climbed higher.
7. We _______set off_______ for London just after ten yesterday and arrived there at 1 p.m.
8. She refuses to _______acknowledge_______ the need for reform.
9. The museum houses several of his Cubist __________masterpieces_______.
10. _______Blend______ the flour with the milk to make a smooth paste.
1. scenery a. very exciting or impressive (usually in a pleasant way)
2. breathtaking b. a work of art such as a painting, film/movie, book, etc. that is an
excellent, or the best, example of the artist's work
3. itinerary c. to accept that something is true
4. acknowledged d. the natural features of an area, such as mountains, valleys, rivers and
forests, when you are thinking about them being attractive to look at
5. masterpiece e. a plan of a journey, including the route and the places that you visit
Your answer:
1. ____d____ 2. ____a____ 3. ____e____ 4. ____c____ 5. ____b____
1. We sell good quality food at _______reasonable______ prices. (reason)
2. She looked _______magnificent________ in her wedding dress. (magnify)
3. He did not _______acknowledge______ that he had done anything wrong. (knowledge)
4. A _______harmonious_____ alliance between management and workers is crucial for success of a
company. (harmony)
5. The committee is _____comprised___ of representatives from both the public and private sectors. (comprise)
6. He is scheduled to observe work Saturday at the ______excavation_____ site of an America jet-
fighter which crashed in 1967 near Hanoi. (excavate)
7. He thanked Patricia for being such a _______hospitable______ hostess. (hospital)
8. Visitors should be more responsible for the preservation when they visit ____archaeological___
sites. (archaeology)
9. She is very _____knowledgeable_____ about plants. (know)
10. Visits to four different countries are included in your ______itinerary______. (itinerate)
1. Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years. The underlined word has the closest meaning
to ____.
A. affect B. infect C. the same D. attack
2. Amy: "Why don't we meet at the conference room or shall we just stay here?" - Tony: “____”
A. He came to a seminar last week. B. Thanks, I've just finished my dinner.
C. He attended a conference yesterday. D. It might be cozier here.
3. After the Mongol invasion of 1241, a ____ was built on the hills opposite the city.
A. citadel B. cruise C. tidal D. oppose
4. Two bodies were found among the charred ____ of the house.
A. rains B. ruins C. roams D. roles
5. “The poem that is being read by the actor was written by her nephew." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. The poem is being read by the actor was written by her nephew.
B. The poem being read by the actor was written by her nephew.
C. The poem that read by the actor was written by her nephew.
D. The poem that reading by the actor was written by her nephew.
6. "This is the most magnificent grotto in the world which attracts millions of visitors every year." has
the closest meaning to ____.
A. This is the most magnificent grotto in the world attracts millions of visitors every year.
B. This is the most magnificent grotto in the world attracted millions of visitors every year.
C. This is the most magnificent grotto in the world being attracting millions of visitors every year.
D. This is the most magnificent grotto in the world to attract millions of visitors every year.
7. ____ is a period of years during which members of a particular family rule a country.
A. City B. Abolish C. Dynasty D. Downturn
8. He had devoted his life to the development of the district, so a ____ to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral.
A. monument B. moment C. mountain D. mention
9. Visits to four different countries are included in your ____.
A. delivery B. dictionary C. available D. itinerary
10. Take a trip on a(n) ____ Spanish galleon to the famous Papagayo beach.
A. authentic B. semantic C. mosaic D. chaotic
11. Tourists should avoid purchasing unusual relics ____ from protected heritage sites.
A. that illegally removed B. illegally removed
C. were illegally removed D. that being illegally removed
12. Students ____ in their essays late will lose ten marks.
A. to hand B. handing C. hand D. are handing
13. That was the last seminar ____ by Prof. Wilson
A. that gave B. that be given C. to be given D. was given
14. The building stands as the last remaining ____ of the town's cotton industry.
A. garlic B. rely C. relic D. expose
A. comprise B. complex C. royal D. palace
16. The collection on display at the National Museum of Art ____ 327 paintings.
A. comprises B. consists C. insists D. enterprises
The Citadel gate damaging in the storm has now been repaired by a group of skilled workers.
A B C D
Students are carrying out research need to develop good critical thinking.
A B C D
A. citadel B. dynasty C. imperial D. subsequent
A. architectural B. knowledgeable C. archaeological D. excavation
1. were / a / welcome. / given / We / royal
We were given a royal welcome.
2. demolished / factory / due / be / year. / The / to / is / next
The factory is due to be demolished next year.
3. about / I / to / consulted / expect / issues. / be / major
I expect to be consulted about major issues.
4. relics / pictures / the / days / walls / The / from the / on / her / were / marriage / before
The pictures on the walls were relics from the days before her marriage.
5. the / was / build / to / He / a / his / determined / life / of / ruins / of/ career. / out / new
He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.
Mill Ends Park / The Smallest Park in the World
____ (1) in downtown Portland, Oregon, in the median strip of a parkway is Mill Ends Park. This park,
according to the Guinness Book of World Records as of 1971, is the smallest park! in the world measuring
only 452-square inches - that's only 2 foot across! And ____ (2), Portland is also home to a 6,000 acre urban-
forest - the largest in its country,
The space where Mill Ends Park sits was to become the site for a light pole. The park ____ (3) when the
light pole failed to appear and local Irish columnist Dick Fagan sat staring at the vacant space from his second-
story office window. ____ (4) to take action, Fagan planted flowers in the vacant space, naming it ‘Mill Ends’ after
his column in the Oregon Journal. Some contextual info, 'mill ends' are the odd, unusable pieces of wood
____ (5) over at a mill. On St. Patrick's Day in 1948, the park was officially dedicated to the town of Portland.
Known for his ____ (6) of imaginative humor, Fagan often wrote of 'goings on' at the park in his
column, and of the many trials and tribulations of the leprechaun colony that inhabited the park. He often
published work about his meetings with his friend and head leprechaun Patrick O'Toole. In Fagan's writings of
his meetings with O'Toole, the leprechaun leader ____ (7) that Mill Ends Park was 'the only leprechaun colony
west of Ireland'! In 1969, Fagan sadly died due to cancer, but ____ (8) the park has still been cared for by many
of Portland's townsfolk and continues to thrive.
Before and after Fagan's death, many different things have been placed in the park. These have included a
small swimming pool for butterflies complete with a diving board, a fragment of the Oregon Journal building where
Fagan worked, a horseshoe and even a little leprechaun leaning happily against his pot of gold in 2001!
In 2006 the park ____ (9) due to roadwork on the parkway, but it was moved back to its original location with a
festive celebration that featured Royal Rosarians, bagpipers, and Fagan's own family ____ (10) his widow
Katherine.
To this day the legends of the leprechauns still live on within the Fagan family. One of Dick's sons, Pat Fagan, is known to
have enjoyed sharing the experience of the park with his own son, and it quoted as saying
"it's still the largest leprechaun colony west of Ireland!"
1. A. Located B. To locate C. Locates D. Being locating
2. A. co-incident B. co-incidents C. co-incidental D. co-incidentally
3. A. created B. was created C. creating D. to create
4. A. To decide B. Decide C. Deciding D. Decided
5. A. leaving B. to leave C. leave D. left
6. A. sense B. focus C. major D. responsibility
7. A. claiming B. being claimed C. claimed D. to claim
8. A. from then B. since C. from D. since then
9. A. is temporarily relocated B. being temporarily relocated
C. was temporarily relocated D. to be temporarily relocated
10. A. include B. to include C. includes D. including
Fun corner
1. How can you lift an elephant with one hand?
A. Truck
B. Use both hands!
C. Use a lever
D. There is no such thing
2. What 5 letter word becomes shorter when you add 2 letters to it?
short
`Unit 9. CITIES OF THE FUTURE - KEY
1. Vocabulary
sustainable (adj): bền vững
liveable (adj): sống được
environmentally (adv): với môi trường
solar energy (n): năng lượng mặt trời
solar panel (n): tấm pin năng lượng mặt trời
generate (v): phát, tạo ra
renewable (adj): có thể phục hồi
impact (n): ảnh hưởng
urban (adj): thuộc thành phố
inhabitant (n): cư dân
infrastructure (n): cơ sở hạ tầng
overcrowded (adj): đông nghịt
upgrade (v): nâng cấp
researcher (n): nhà nghiên cứu
detect (v): dò tìm, phát hiện ra
sensor (n): thiết bị cảm biến
warning (n): lời cảnh báo
dweller (n): cư dân
insoluble (adj): không thể hòa tan, không thể giải quyết
install (v): lắp đặt, cài đặt
shortage (n): sự thiếu
wastewater (n): nước thải
paradise (n): thiên đường
traffic jam (n): tắc nghẽn giao thông
untreated waste (n): rác thải không được xử lý
slum (n): nhà ổ chuột
pessimistic (adj): bi quan
optimistic (adj): lạc quan
capable (adj): có khả năng
overpopulated (adj): bùng nổ dân số
overpopulation (n): sự bùng nổ dân số
aging population (n): dân số già
compost (n): phân trộn
tsunami (n): sóng thần
salutation (n): lời chào
innovative (adj): có tính đổi mới
tunnel (n): đường ống, đường hầm
deodorize (v): khử mùi
eventually (adv): cuối cùng là
convert ... into: biến .... thành
monitor (v): giám sát
authority (n): nhà chức trách, thẩm quyền
teleconferencing (n): hội nghị qua điện thoại
occupy (v): ở, dùng
commercial space (n): khu thương mại, chỗ buôn bán
2. Grammar
2.1. Question tags (Câu hỏi đuôi)
2.1.1. Form:
+ ,-,?
-,+?
Câu hỏi đuôi gồm 2 phần: phần chứa thông tin chính và phần đuôi, ngăn cách nhau bởi dấu phẩy ‘,’, ta trả
lời “Yes/No”. Thông thường khi phần chính ở dạng khẳng định thì phần đuôi ở thể phủ định và ngược lại.
e.g. This picture is a portrait, isn't it?
(Bức tranh này là tranh chân dung phải không?)
That man drives carefully, doesn't he?
(Chú đó lái xe cẩn thận nhỉ?)
This picture isn't a portrait, is it?
(Bức tranh này phải không là tranh chân dung đúng không nhỉ?)
That man doesn't drive carefully, does he?
(Chú đó chẳng lái xe cẩn thận gì nhỉ?).
Notes:
- Trong câu hỏi đuôi phần chính và phần đuôi phải cùng thì, tương ứng dụng động từ.
e.g. That man doesn't drive carefully, does he?
(Cùng thì hiện tại đơn, động từ thường)
This picture isn't a portrait, is it?
(Cùng thì hiện tại đơn, động từ to be)
- Chủ ngữ của phần đuôi là đại từ nhân xưng nên ta phải chọn đại từ nhân xưng tương ứng với chủ ngủ của
phần chính.
e.g. That man doesn't drive carefully, does he?
(That man = he)
Khi chủ ngữ về trước là đại từ bất định chỉ người (somebody, someone) thì phần đuôi ta dùng “they”, chỉ
vật (something, anything ...) ta dùng “it”.
e.g. Somebody had closed the door, hadn't they?
Something happened in this house, didn't it?
2.1.2. Use:
Câu hỏi đuôi có thể dùng để hỏi về thông tin mà ta chưa rõ hoặc chỉ để duy trì cuộc hội thoại (hỏi mặc dù
biết người nghe sẽ đồng ý với ta).
- Hỏi về thông tin mà ta chưa rõ:
e.g. They've moved here since last year, haven't they?
(Họ chuyển đến đây từ năm ngoái phải không?)
- Để duy trì cuộc hội thoại (hỏi mặc dù biết người nghe sẽ đồng ý với ta):
e.g. That student was impolite, wasn't she?
(Bạn học sinh đó bất lịch sự nhỉ?)
Notes: một số trường hợp đặc biệt của câu hỏi đuôi:
- Let's ... shall we?
e.g. Let's go to the cinema, shall we?
- Imperative
e.g. Help me carry this box, won't you?
Don't stop singing, will you?
- Negative
e.g. No one came up, did they?
= People didn't come up, did they?
- I am ..., aren't I?
e.g. I am a good leader, aren't I?
- This/That is
e.g. This/That is a hippo, isn't it?
2.2. Conditional sentences type 0 (câu điều kiện loại 0)
2.2.1. Form:
If/When + present tense, present tense/imperative
Or: Present tense/Imperative + if/when present tense
e.g. If/When you buy a motorbike, you also have to buy insurance.
(Nếu anh mua một chiếc xe máy, anh cũng phải mua bảo hiểm.)
Turn off the machine if/when you see the red button on it.
(Tắt cái máy đó khi cậu thấy nút đỏ ở trên nó.).
2.2.2. Use: Ta dùng câu điều kiện loại 0 để diễn tả chân lý hoặc điều mà ta cho là luôn đúng.
e.g. If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.

(Nếu bạn đun nước đến 100 độ C, nó sẽ sôi.)
Relax for a while when you feel tired. (Hãy thư
giãn một lúc khi con thấy mệt.)
3. Pronunciation
Intonation: questions tags (Ngữ điệu với câu hỏi đuôi)
Câu hỏi đuôi có thể dùng để hỏi về thông tin mà ta chưa rõ hoặc chỉ để duy trì cuộc hội thoại (hỏi mặc dù
biết người nghe sẽ đồng ý với ta).
- Khi hỏi về thông tin mà ta chưa rõ, ta sẽ lên giọng ở cuối câu:
e.g. They've moved here since last year, haven't they?!
(Họ chuyển đến đây từ năm ngoái phải không?)
- Để duy trì cuộc hội thoại (hỏi mặc dù biết người nghe sẽ đồng ý với ta), ta xuống giọng ở cuối câu:
e.g. That student was impolite, wasn't she?
(Bạn học sinh đó bất lịch sự nhỉ?).
PART II. PRACTICE
1. a. urban
2. b. sensor
3. c. warning
4. d. wastewater
5. e. tsunami
Your answer:
1. ____e____ 2. ____a____ 3. ____c____ 4. ____b____ 5. ____d____
1. ____sustainable____ /səˈsteɪnəbl/ (adj): ____bền vững______
2. _____infrastructure______ /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ (n): _____cơ sở hạ tầng____
3. ____detect______ /dɪˈtekt/ (v): _____dò tìm, phát hiện ra_____
4. _____sensor______ /ˈsensə(r)/ (n): _____thiết bị cảm biến_____
5. _____dweller_______ /ˈdwelə(r)/ (n): ____cư dân_____
6. _____insoluble______ /ɪnˈsɒljəbl/ (adj): ______không thể hòa tan, không thể giải quyết______
7. _____optimistic______ /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj): _____lạc quan_______
8. _____innovative______ /ˈɪnəvəɪtɪv/ (adj): _____có tính đổi mới______
9. ______tunnel______ /ˈtʌnl/ (n): ______đường ống, đường hầm______
10. _____deodorize______ /diˈəʊdəraɪz/ (v): _____khử mùi_____
1. His wife _______works_______ (work) in a luxury hotel, doesn't she?
2. Irish people living in Great Britain _____do not have______ (not/ have) the right to vote in British
elections, do they?
3. You ___________did not do________ (not/do) your homework, did you?
4. A number of prospective participants _____have not signed______ (not/sign) up yet, have they?
5. The waste ______had not been deodorized____ (not/ deodorize) before this method was introduced, had it?
6. She ______has just bought_______ (just/buy) a new bicycle, hasn't she?
7. This vase _____was made_____ (make) in a mountainous village in the 14th century, wasn't it?
8. If you _____need______ (need) help, you often turn to your friends.
9. I think that if you have lots of friends, you ____are_____ (be) lucky.
10. What _____happens_____ to the engine (happen) if you put diesel fuel into a petrol-driven car?
1. If ____you pour/ drop oil into water_____, it floats.
2. If you boil milk, it ____forms a skin on the top_______.
3. If you ______plant a tree____, you have to water it every day.
4. If you sneeze, you _____have to open your mouth___.
5. I don't really like going to parties unless _____I know most people there____.
1. The boy waiting in the hall expected a phone call, did he?
The boy waiting in the hall expected a phone call, didn’t he?
Or: The boy waiting in the hall did not expect a phone call, did he?
2. Passengers had to change in Manchester, had they?
Passengers had to change in Manchester, didn’t they?
3. The conferences planned by non-governmental organizations were about globalization, will it?
The conferences planned by non-governmental organizations were about globalization, weren’t they?
Or: The conferences planned by non-governmental organizations were not about globalization, were they?
4. After a long discussion, the members in their group decided to stay in a hotel overlooking the nearby
river, had it?
After a long discussion, the members in their group decided to stay in a hotel overlooking the nearby
river, didn’t they?
Or: After a long discussion, the members in their group did not decide to stay in a hotel overlooking
the nearby river, did they?
5. The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland, are they?
The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland, weren’t they?
Or: The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were not grown in Scotland, were they?
urban detect traffic jam warning insoluble
slums impact renewable capable installed
1. Experts say that we should make use of _____renewable____ sources of energy such as wind and
solar power.
2. The report assesses the _____impact____ of AIDS on the gay community.
3. It was reported that there was serious damage to both _____urban_____ and rural environments after
the earthquake.
4. The tests are designed to _____detect_____ the disease early.
5. She had ignored the _______warning______ signs of trouble ahead.
6. These chemicals are practically ______insoluble_____ in water.
7. The hotel chain has recently ______installed_____ a new booking system.
8. Our coach was caught in a _____traffic jam______ and got to Heathrow forty minutes late.
9. She was brought up in the _______slums_____ of Leeds that were very poor, dirty and in bad condition.
10. I'm perfectly __________________________________________ of doing it myself, thank you.
1. solar panel a. with too many people or things in it
2. generate b. a piece of equipment on a roof that uses light and heat energy from the
sun to produce hot water and electricity
3. renewable c. a person or an animal that lives in a particular place
4. inhabitant d. that is replaced naturally or controlled carefully and can therefore be used
without the risk of finishing it all
5. overcrowded e. to produce or create something
Your answer:
1. ____b____ 2. ____e____ 3. ____d____ 4. ____c____ 5. ____a____
1. The £500 million programme is centred around energy efficiency and _____renewable_____ power
sources. (renew)
2. The workers are constantly _____monitored_______ for exposure to radiation. (monitor)
3. About 800 years ago, it was a town of 11 000 _____inhabitants_____. (inhabit)
4. According to the report, too many poor people are living in _____overcrowded____ conditions. (overcrowd)
5. In a journal article, European ______researchers______ say olive oil could help prevent cancer. (research)
6. The noise is barely _______detectable/ detected______ by the human ear. (detect)
7. It has been announced that _______installation_______ of the new system will take several days. (install)
8. There will be a prize for the most _______ innovative ______ design. (innovate)
9. As a part of her duties, she is developing the _____ commercial ______ side of the organization. (commerce)
10. Some legal experts think the agency may have exceeded its ______authority______. (author)
1. Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the recession. The underlined word has the closest
meaning to ____.
A contact B. effect C. impose D. extend
2. Jessica: “What's your personal view on the wind power experiment?" - Jill: “____”
A. No, we have a meeting then. B. I was expecting that he would win.
C. I expect it will be a hit. D. Yes, I got in touch with Dr. Martin.
3. On the flight back, we were ____ to business class.
A. upgraded B. graded C. assessed D. apologized
4. They came up with an idea for developing an instrument that can ____ small amounts of radiation.
A. detect B. declare C. determined D. defame
5. “Nobody bought cakes made by this firm, did they?" has the closest meaning to ____.
A. People bought cakes made by this firm, did they?
B. People didn't buy cakes made by this firm, did they?
C. No one bought cakes made by this firm, didn't they?
D. Nobody bought cakes made by this firm, didn't they?!
6. "If you freeze water, it turns to ice." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. Water turns to ice when it is frozen. B. Water turned to ice if it is frozen.
C. Water turned to ice when it is frozen. D. Water turns to ice when it froze.
7. Security lights with an infrared ____ are nightmare for burglars.
A. identify B. sensitive C. sensor D. tense
8. There is no ____ of (= there are plenty of) things to do in the town.
A. leakages B. advantage C. gage D. shortage
9. Employees who prove themselves to be ____ will usually get promoted quite rapidly.
A. irresponsible B. unstable C. able D. capable
10. Nothing will be done because no one in ____ (= who has a position of power) takes the matter seriously.
A. authenticity B. stability C. authority D. reliability
11. You can make your own compost in a compost bin, ____ you?
A. can't B. hadn't C. couldn't D. don't
12. Let's find someone to generate new ideas, ____?
A. will you B. shall we C. can we D. didn't you
13. They were warned by a friend in the organization that their phone calls were being monitored, ____ they?
A. were B. did C. weren't D. didn't
14. They greeted the newcomers with friendly ____.
A. occupations B. salutations C. insulting D. criticizing
A. upgrade B. detect C. urban D. install
16. They appeared surprisingly ____ about their chances of winning. They said that there would be
no opportunities for them.
A. pessimistic B. pessimist C. optimistic D. optimist 17. Choose the answer
which needs correcting.
Foreign observers monitored voting at polling stations around the country, did they?
ABCD 18. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
He was not physically capable of climbing out of the window, couldn't he?
A B C D
A. authority B. deodorize C. inhabitant D. salutation
A. architectural B. knowledgeable C. archaeological D. excavation
th
1. 12 / occupies / on / an / the / floor. / He / office
th
He occupies an office on the 12 floor.
2. everyone./ Her / impact / made / profound / on / speech / a
Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.
3. tunnel / the / built / new / They've / through / mountain. / a
They’ve built a new tunnel through the mountain.
4. Word / Have / got / installed / you/ computer? / on / your
Have you got Word installed on your computer?
5. lot / proposal / generated / of / The / interest. / has / a
The proposal has generated a lot of interest.
Cities of the Future
Living Buildings
Homes and buildings will operate as living organisms, monitoring performance and ____ (1) to our
needs in real time, saving us energy and money.
Solar-Powered Public Transportation
Cities will be connected by lightning-fast, solar-powered public transportation options that are clean and
____ (2). They may even be stilted above existing roadways.
Solar Surfaces
Solar panels will begin to appear in unlikely places. They will cover sidewalks, line the outside of
buildings, and double as fully ____ (3) windows.
Solar Energy from Space
Solar energy ____ (4) from space and beamed down to earth, providing clean, cheap and efficient
electricity to power our cities.
High-Speed Long-Distance Travel
People will travel hundreds of miles in just minutes through solar-powered pods ____ (5) through
elevated, depressurized tubes, kind of like Elon Musk's Hyperloop.
Self-Driving Electric Cars
All vehicles will get their energy from the electrical grid. There will be no exhaust pipes, no
carbon dioxide ____ (6), no gas stations, and no car accidents.
Smart Grids
Consumers and power sources will communicate in real time through fiber optic smart grids that
will reduce blackouts, ____ (7) energy efficiency, and save money.
Innovative Wind Turbines
Cities will ____ (8) electricity from a host of new wind power innovations - turbines that float on the
ocean, bladeless wind turbines, and turbines that hover in the atmosphere.
Energy Independent Homes
Homes will be adorned with solar panels, small-scale wind turbines and other sources of
electrical generation, allowing them to operate ____ (9) from the grid, when necessary.
Efficient Water Use
Buildings will be equipped ____ (10) comprehensive water management systems, allowing them to
collect rainwater, monitor water use, and efficiently recycle gray water.
1. A. adapted B. to adapt C. adapting D. adapt
2. A. contaminate B. toxic C. detrimental D. convenient
3. A. functionally B. functional C. functions D. function
4. A. will be harvested B. will harvest C. harvests D. harvested
5. A. that travels B. that travel C. to travel D. being travelling
6. A. emissions B. missions C. commissions D. fashions
7. A. enlarged B. decrease C. maximize D. fall
8. A. dedicate B. concentrate C. generate D. deliberate
9. A. irresponsibly B. environmentally C. dependently D. independently
10. A. behind B. above C. over D. with
Fun corner
1. If yesterday had been Wednesday's tomorrow and tomorrow is Sunday's yesterday, what day would today be?
A. Sunday.
B. Thursday.
C. Friday.
D. Monday
E. Wednesday.
2. What goes up and never comes down?

A. Your time span.
B. Your age.
C. Your smartness.
D. Your favorite food.
E. Your common sense.
Unit 10. HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY - KEY
1. Vocabulary
longevity (n): tuổi thọ, sự trường tồn
healthy (adj): khỏe mạnh
relieve (v): làm giảm (đau)
weaken (v): làm suy yếu, làm giảm
immune system (n): hệ miễn dịch
meditation (n): sự thiền định (ngồi thiền)
life expectancy (n): tuổi thọ
heart disease (n): bệnh tim mach
workout (n): buổi luyện tập thể dục
remedy (n): biện pháp chữa bệnh
prescription (n): đơn thuốc
acupuncture (n): biện pháp châm cứu
boost (v): nâng cao, đẩy mạnh
aging process (n): quá trình lão hóa
nutrition (n): dinh dưỡng
nutritious (adj): giàu dinh dưỡng
cholesterol (n): chất béo gây xơ cứng động mạch
brain (n): bộ não
mild (adj): nhẹ, ôn hòa
infection (n): bệnh nhiễm trùng
dramatically (adv): đáng kể
acne (n): mụn trứng cá
scanner (n): máy nội soi (cắt lớp)
X-ray machine (n): máy X quang
diagnose (v): chẩn đoán
discovery (n): sự khám phá ra, phát kiến
antibiotic (n): thuốc kháng sinh
vaccine (n): vắc-xin (tiêm để bảo vệ cơ thể)
mass media (n): phương tiện truyền thông đại chúng
intake (n): lượng tiêu thụ
consumption (n): sự tiêu thụ
obesity (n): sự béo phì
living standard (n): mức sống
diet (v): ăn kiêng = be on a diet
dietary (adj): thuộc chế độ ăn
dietician (n): chuyên gia dinh dưỡng
prolong (v): kéo dài
squeeze (v): nặn, bóp
pimple (n): mụn nhọt
swelling (n): sự sưng lên
sunscreen (n): kem chống nắng
fitness instructor (n): huấn luyện viên thể dục
warm-up (n): sự khởi động
stretch (v): duỗi ra
joint damage (n): sự tổn thương khớp
appetite (n): sự ngon miệng
faint (adj): uể oải, ngất
overweight (adj): béo phì
irritation (n): sự làm rát
prefecture (n): quận
landlocked (adj): giữa đất liền
stroke (n): đột quỵ
be attributed to: được cho là do
pickled (adj): được ngâm giấm
miso (n): đậu hũ
ferment (v): lên men
paste (n): bột
inland (adj): nội địa
preserve (v): bảo quản
2. Grammar
2.1. Conditionals in reported speech: Câu điều kiện trong lời nói gián tiếp (câu tường
thuật) * Chúng ta dùng câu tường thuật để nhắc lại, kể lại lời đã được nói trước đây.
e.g. Tom: What did you do at school yesterday, Jerry?
Jerry: I played football.
(Tom: Bạn đã làm gì ở trường hôm qua hả Jerry?
Jerry: Mình đã chơi bóng đá).
Tom asked Jerry what he had done at school the day before.
Jerry replied that he had played football.
(Tom hỏi Jerry là cậu ấy đã làm gì ở trường hôm trước đó?
Jerry trả lời rằng cậu ấy đã chơi bóng đá).
* Thông thường ta không thay đổi động từ của câu điều kiện khi chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
khi: - đó là câu điều kiện loại 0.
e.g. "If you sneeze, you have to open your mouth.”
(Nếu các em hắt hơi các em phải mở miệng.)
She said to her brothers that if they sneeze, they have to open their mouth.
(Cô ấy nói với các em trai rằng nếu chúng muốn hắt hơi thì chúng phải mở miệng)
- đó là câu điều kiện loại 1 hoặc 2 nhưng vẫn còn đúng ở thời điểm tường thuật.
e.g. “If you don't study hard, you will fail."
(Nếu con không học chăm thì con sẽ thi trượt.)
My father said if I do not study hard, I will fail.
(Bố của mình nói nếu mình không học chăm, thì mình sẽ thi trượt.)
- động từ tường thuật chia ở thì hiện tại.
e.g. “If I were rich, I would buy a villa."
(Nếu anh mà giàu, anh sẽ mua một căn biệt thự.)
He always says that if he were rich, he would buy a villa.
(Anh ta luôn nói rằng nếu anh ta mà giàu, anh ta sẽ mua một căn biệt thự.)
* Thông thường ta chỉ thay đổi động từ của câu điều kiện khi chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp khi câu
điều kiện không còn đúng ở thời điểm nói.
e.g."If I win this competition, I will hold a party to celebrate.”
(Nếu mình chiến thắng trong cuộc thi này mình sẽ tổ chức một bữa tiệc để liên hoan.)
Mika told me that if she won in that competition, she would hold a party to celebrate.
(Mika nói với mình rằng nếu bạn ấy chiến thắng trong cuộc thi đó, bạn ấy sẽ tổ chức một
bữa tiệc để liên hoan.)
2.2. Reported speech with to-infinitives and gerunds: Câu tường thuật với động từ nguyên thể (to V)
và danh động từ (V-ing)
Chúng ta thường dùng động từ nguyên thể hoặc danh động từ khi tường thuật lời hứa, mệnh lệnh, đề nghị,
yêu cầu, lời khuyên, xin lỗi. hoặc gợi ý.
- Các động từ sau được theo sau bởi O + to V: ask, advise, invite, order, remind, tell,
warn. e.g. “You should eat more vegetables".
(Các con nên ăn nhiều rau quả hơn.)
Our teacher advised us to eat more vegetables.
(Thầy giáo của bọn mình khuyên bọn mình nên ăn nhiều rau quả hơn.)
- Các động từ sau được theo sau bởi to V: agree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten
e.g. “I will help you”.
(Cháu sẽ giúp chú.)
(Cậu bé hứa giúp đỡ chú ấy.).

- Các động từ sau được theo sau bởi V-ing: admit, apologize for insist on, suggest
e.g. "Why don't we hold a meeting?".
(Sao chúng ta không tổ chức một buổi họp nhỉ?)
The monitor suggested holding a meeting.
(Lớp trưởng gợi ý tổ chức một buổi họp.)
3. Pronunciation
Intonation: invitations, suggestions, polite requests, uncertainty and surprise (Ngữ điệu với lời mời, gợi ý,
yêu cầu lịch sự, nghi ngờ hoặc ngạc nhiên)
Để thân thiện hơn, khi hỏi thông tin (Yes/No), gợi ý hay mời thay vì dùng rising intonation (ngữ điệu lên)
ta dùng fall-rise intonation (ngữ điệu xuống lên) ở cuối câu.
e.g. Is this your coat?
(Đây có phải áo khoác của bà không nhỉ?)
Would you like some coffee?
(Ông có muốn dùng một chút cà phê không?)
PART II. PRACTICE
1. a. sunscreen
2. b. obesity
3. c. brain
4. d. acupuncture
5. e. meditation
Your answer:
1. ____b____ 2. ____a____ 3. ____d____ 4. ____e____ 5. ____c____
1. ____prescription_____ /prɪˈskrɪpʃn/ (n): _____đơn thuốc_____
2. ____acupuncture______ /ˈækjupʌŋktʃə(r)/ (n): _____biện pháp châm cứu_____
3. _____nutritious______ /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ (adj): ____giàu dinh dưỡng_____
4. _____cholesterol______ /kəˈlestərɒl/ (n): _____chất béo gây xơ cứng động mạch_____
5. _____antibiotic_____ /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/ (n): ____thuốc kháng sinh_____
6. _____intake______ /ˈɪnteɪk/ (n): _____lượng tiêu thụ______
7. _____consumption______ /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ (n): _____sự tiêu thụ_____
8. _____prolong______ /prəˈlɒŋ/ (v): ______kéo dài______
9. _____appetite______ /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ (n): _____sự ngon miệng_____
10. _____irritation______ /ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃn/ (n): _____sự làm rát_____
1. The lecturer said that if we heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it ____boils____ (boil).
2. My father said to me that if I _____buy_____ (buy) a bicycle, I also have to pay for insurance.
3. The instructor claimed that if she ____did not finish______ (not/ finish) her project on time, she would
be penalized.
4. He told his wife that if he _____were/was____ (be) his boss, he would learn more about finance.
5. The waste ____had not been deodorized___ (not/ deodorize) before this method was introduced, had it?
6. The disturbed young man threatened ______to jump____ (jump) off the bridge.
7. The girl admitted _______starting________ (start) an ugly rumor about her neighbor?
8. He apologized to his friend for _____taking_____ (take) her pen without asking apologized to his friend
for her permission.
9. We reminded her ______to bring_______ (bring) a lot of warm coats when moving to that extremely
cold district.
10. What ______happens_____ (happen) to the engine if you put diesel fuel into a petrol-driven car?
1. Jessica said that if she lost her job, ____she would be in serious trouble/ she couldn’t support
her family_____.
2. The sportsman refused ________to answer questions________
concerning his private life.
3. The officers informed that if she paid for the trip in advance, _____she might get a discount____.
4. They persuaded me that if I do not have a special friend, ____I won’t have someone to talk to in
difficult times in my life./ I will feel lonely____.
5. They prohibit _____smoking/ taking pictures_____ in the museum.
1. His doctor suggested to have a health check-up every 6 months.
His doctor suggested having a health check-up every 6 months.
2. Peter apologized to the technician for not follow his instructions.
Peter apologized to the technician for not following his instructions
3. The trainer invited her attending their course on mediation.
The trainer invited her to attend their course on mediation
4. The boy promised to not spend his days mindlessly surfing the Internet.
The boy promised not to spend his days mindlessly surfing the Internet.
5. The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland, are they?
The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland, weren’t they?
Or: The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were not grown in Scotland, were they?
prescription mild immune Nutrition remedies
boost relieve workout weakened healthier
1. I feel much _______healthier_____ since I gave up smoking.

2. Aid workers called for further effort from governments to ______relieve_____ the famine.
3. The explosion had ___weakened___ the building's foundations considerably.
4. The vaccination doesn't necessarily make you completely ______immune_______.
5. She does a 20-minute _______workout_______ every morning.
6. I prefer to use herbal _____remedies______ when I have a cold.
7. The pharmacist refused to refill a _____prescription_____ for birth control pills.
8. It was a very ______mild_______ criticism, but he took it very badly.
9. Getting that job did a lot to ________boost_______ his ego.
10. ____Nutrition_____ information is now provided on the back of most food products.
1. longevity a. to make something increase, or become better or more successful
2. relieve b. to say exactly what an illness or the cause of a problem is
3. remedy c. long life; the fact of lasting a long time
4. boost d. a treatment or medicine to cure a disease or reduce pain that is not
very serious
5. diagnose e. to remove or reduce an unpleasant feeling or pain
Your answer:
1. ____c____ 2. ____e____ 3. ____d____ 4. ____a____ 5. ____b____
1. You look disgustingly ______healthy___ ! How do you manage it? (health)
2. Life _____expectancy______ for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years. (expect)
3. Would you like to wait while the pharmacist makes up your ____prescription_____? (prescribe)
4. There is uncertainty about skin care products which claim to halt the _____ageing____ process. (age)
5. The ______infection______ seems quite mild, so she should be better soon. (infect)
6. Events could have developed in a _____dramatically______ different way. (dramatic)
7. The identity cards are examined by an electronic ______scanner____. (scan)
8. To tour Sri Lanka is to take a voyage of _____discovery_____ through a land of endless variety. (discover)
9. Doctors say that children need to increase their ______consumption______ of fruit and
vegetables. (consume)
10. He noted, with some ______irritation______, that the letter had not been sent. (irritate)
1. The collection has been sold to the British Museum where it will be preserved for the nation. The
underlined word has the closest meaning to ____.
A. conserved B. prescribed C. consumed D. expressed
2. Margret: “When could you go over the proposal?" - Mika: “____”
A. His arrival was surprising. B. It was such a nice plan.
C. You're looking nice today. D. May I review it right now?
3. They claim that one in twenty deaths can be directly attributed ____ air pollution.
A. to B. for C. above D. on
4. The symptoms of depression can include poor ____ and weight loss.
A. audience B. authority C. appetite D. apology
5. “I do want to invite Dan and Margaret as well” - The wife said to her husband, has the closest meaning to
____.
A. The wife insisted on inviting Dan and Margaret as well.
B. The wife apologized for inviting Dan and Margaret as well.
C. The wife denied inviting Dan and Margaret as well.
D. The wife thanked for inviting Dan and Margaret as well.
6. "If you freeze water, it turns to ice." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. Water turns to ice when it is frozen. B. Water turned to ice if it is frozen.
C. Water turned to ice when it is frozen. D. Water turns to ice when it froze.
7. The new service helped ____ pre-tax profits by 10%.
A. to boost B. to boat C. to board D. to burn
8. The virus affects the body's immune system so that it cannot fight ____.
A. affection B. infection C. effective D. reflection
9. The test is used to ____ a variety of diseases.
A. diagnose B. diagram C. dialogue D. dialect
10. One of the best ways to get to your ideal size is to cut fat ____ right down.
A. inhale B. indeed C. induce D. intake
11. It is important that the recovery be export-led rather than led by domestic ____.
A. consumption B. consumed C. consumes D. consume
12. Lentil soup is highly ____ and easy to prepare.
A. nutrition B. nutritious C. nutrient D. nutrients
13. The operation could ____ his life by two or three years.
A. prolong B. longevity C. prolonging D. length
14. They claim that one in twenty deaths can be directly ____ to air pollution.
A. occupied B. supplied C. attributed D. criticized
A. relieve B. healthy C. weaken D. workout
16. Most of the birds seek out ____ climates during the winter months.
A. cold B. milder C. colder D. warmth
The young lady reminded her husband buying some groceries on the way home.
A B C D
He said that if his performance at school were good, his parents will be happy.
A B C D
A. longevity B. prescription C. diagnose D. nutritious
A. acupuncture B. expectancy C. cholesterol D. dramatically
1. vitamin C / up/ resistance / infection. / Taking / builds / your / to
Taking vitamin C builds up your resistance to infection.
2. way / is / spreading / the / common/ of / an / Sneezing / infection. / most
Sneezing is the most common way of spreading an infection.
3. when / He / terrible / he / acne / was / had / younger
He had terrible acne when he was younger.
4. Her / was / condition / wrongly/ by / doctor./ diagnosed / the
Her condition was wrongly diagnosed by the doctor.
5. out / squeezed / bit / the / toothpaste / of/ of / the / I / tube. / last
I squeezed the last bit of toothpaste out of the tube.
We all know that eating right can help you maintain a healthy weight and avoid certain health problems, but
your diet can also have a ____ (1) effect on your mood and sense of wellbeing. Studies have linked eating a
typical Western diet-filled ____ (2) processed meats, packaged meals, takeout food, and sugary snacks-with
higher rates of ____ (3), stress, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Eating an ____ (4) diet may even play a role in the
development of mental health disorders such as ADHD, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia, or in
the increased risk of suicide in young people.
Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, cooking meals at home, and reducing your ____ (5) of sugar and
refined carbohydrates, on the other hand, may help to improve mood and ____ (6) your risk for mental health
problems. If you ____ (7) with a mental health problem, eating well can even help to manage your symptoms
and regain control of your life.
While some specific foods or ____ (8) have been shown to have a beneficial effect ____ (9) mood, it's
your overall dietary pattern that is most important. That means ____ (10) to a healthy diet doesn't have to be an
all or nothing proposition. You don't have to be perfect and you don't have to completely eliminate foods
you enjoy to have a healthy diet and make a difference to the way you think and feel.
1. A. promote B protect C. profound D. produce
2. A. with B. of C. about D. by
3. A. depressed B. depression C. depressive D. depresses
4. A. unhealthy B. healthy C. health D. healthily
5. A. indent B. induce C. intake D. inhale
6. A. strengthen B. lower C. increase D. fall
7. A. have already been diagnosed B. had already diagnosed
C. have already been diagnosing D. already diagnosed
8. A. nutrition B. nutritious C. nutrients D. nutrient
9. A. behind B. on C. between D. among
10. A. to switching B. switched C. switches D. switching
Fun corner
1. If I occur ____: Once in a minute
Twice in a moment,
But never in a thousand years
What am I?
A. E B. The lifespan
C. Human brain D. M
2. Is half of two plus two equal to two or three?
A. Seven.
B. Five.
C. Three.
D. Four.
E. Six

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TRỌNG TÂM KIẾN THỨC

TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11

e.g. She should/ought to phone him as soon as possible.

PART II. PRACTICE

1. Jenny lives in a/an _extended family__ which consists of four generations.

A. Cows can't drink B. Water C. Juice D. Milk

2.2. Cleft sentences (câu tách/câu nhấn mạnh)

PART II. PRACTICE

5. e. make fun of somebody

1. I was so _involved__ in my book I didn't hear you knock.

2.2. It + linking verb + adjective (+noun/for somebody) + to-

2.3. Noun + to-infinitive

2. Which is heavier, 100 pounds of rocks or 100 pounds of gold?

1. It is important to have a charter of rights for people with disabilities.

2. When do you stop at green and go at red?

1. He spread fertilizer on the field with a rake.

2. What has a tail but no body?

2. Does England have a 4th of July?

1. Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a __subsequent_ report.

e.g. If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.

2. What goes up and never comes down?

(Cậu bé hứa giúp đỡ chú ấy.).

1. I feel much ___healthier_ since I gave up smoking.

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