UNIT 2: THE GENERATION GAP

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

A. VOCABULARY
1. Generation gap /dʒenə'rei∫n gæp /: khoảng cách giữa các thế hệ
2. Adapt /ə'dæpt/ (n): làm cho phù hợp với, sửa cho hợp với
3. Argument /'ɑ:gjʊmənt/ (n): sự tranh luận, sự bàn cãi = dispute (n)
4. Characteristic /,kærəktə'ristik/ (a):đặc thù, đặc trưng, riêng = typical
5. Conflict /kən'flikt /(n): sự mâu thuẫn, sự đối lập = discord /'diskɔ:/
6. Curious /'kjʊəriəs/(a): tò mò, hiếu kỳ
7. Digital native /'didʒitl 'neitiv /: người được sinh ra ở thời đại công nghệ và Internet
8. Experience /ik'spiəriəns/ (v,n): trải nghiệm
9. Extended family : gia đình đa thế hệ, đại gia đình >< Nuclear family /'nju:kliə[r]/ /'nu:kliər/ :
gia đình hạt nhân, gia đình nhỏ gồm 1-2 thế hệ
10. Freedom /'fri:dəm/ sự tự do; quyền tự do
11. Hire /'haiə[r]/ (v): thuê, mướn = recruit = employ
12. Honesty /'ɒnisti/: tính trung thực, tính chân thật
13. Individualism /,indi'vidʒʊəlizəm/: chủ nghĩa cá nhân
14. Influence /'inflʊəns/ (v): gây ảnh hưởng = impact = affect
15. Limit /'limit/: giới hạn
→ limitation /limi'tei∫n/ sự hạn chế, sự giới hạn, mặt hạn chế, nhược điểm
→ within limits: trong chừng mực nào đó, có mức độ # without limits: không có giới hạn, tha hồ
16. Screen time : thời gian sử dụng thiết bị điện tử
17. Social media: phương tiện truyền thông mạng xã hội
18. Value /'vælju:/ (n,v): giá trị, coi trọng
19. View (n): quan điểm = point of view = viewpoint = perspective
20. Bridge the gap /brɪdʒ ðə gæp/ (idiom): giảm thiểu sự khác biệt
21. Curfew/'kə:fju:/ (n): giờ/lệnh giới nghiêm
22. Attitude /'ætɪtju:d/ (n): thái độ
23. Burden /'bɜ:dn/ (n): gánh nặng
24. Mature /mə'tʃʊə(r)/ (a): trưởng thành, chín chắn = old enough
25. Norm /nɔ:m/ (n): chuẩn mực
26. Obey /ə'beɪ/(v): vâng lời, tuân thủ
27. Financial burden /faɪ'nænʃ1 'bɜ:dən/ (compound n): gánh nặng tài chính
28. Follow in one's footsteps /'fɒləʊ ɪn wʌnz 'fʊtsteps/ (idiom): theo bước, nối nghiệp
29. Multi-generational /ˈmʌlti ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃənl/ (a): đa thế hệ, nhiều thế hệ
30. Objection /əbˈdʒekʃən/ (n): sự phản kháng → object to + ving.
31. Open-minded /ˈəʊpən ˈmaɪndɪd/ (a): cởi mở
32. Impose ... (on sb) /ɪm'pəʊz/ (v. phr.): áp đặt cái gì vào ai
33. Elegant /'elɪgənt/ (a): thanh lịch, tao nhã
34. Flashy /'flæʃi/ (a): hào nhoáng

B. GRAMMAR
Modal Verbs: Must vs. Have to, Should vs. Ought to
I. Giới thiệu chung về động từ khuyết thiếu
1. Cách sử dụng: Động từ khuyết thiếu được dùng để nêu lên khả năng thực hiện hành động, sự
bắt buộc, khả năng xảy ra của sự việc, vv.
2. Hình thức
- Theo sau chủ ngữ và đứng trước động từ nguyên thể không có “to”
- Không chia theo chủ ngữ (trừ trường hợp “have to”)
- Thêm “not” phía sau khi ở dạng phủ định (trừ trường hợp “have to”)
Ví dụ: I must go now. (Bây giờ tôi phải đi rồi.)
He should not disturb her now. (Anh ta không nên làm phiền cô ấy lúc này.)
II. So sánh must và have to

MUST HAVE TO

Dạng -Must: Diễn tả sự cần thiết hay bắt buộc -Have to:Diễn tả ý bắt buộc mang tính
khẳng
mang tính chủ quan (do người nói quyết khách quan (do luật lệ, quy tắc hay
định
định) người khác quyết định)
 -Cấu trúc: S+ must + Vinf
Ví dụ: I must finish the exercises. (Tôi
phải hoàn thành bài tập.)
Tình huống: I’m going to have a party.
(Tôi có ý định đi dự tiệc.)
Dạng -Must not: Diễn tả ý cấm đoán, không
phủ
được làm việc gì đó
định
- Cấu trúc: S+ must not (mustn't) + V
Ví dụ: You must not use dictionary
during the exam (Bạn không được phép
dùng từ điển trong giờ kiểm tra)
-Cấu trúc:
S+ have to/ has to/ had to/ ... + V
Ví dụ: I have to finish the exercises.
(Tôi phải hoàn thành bài tập.)
Tình huống: Tomorrow is the deadline.
(Ngày mai là hạn cuối.)
-Not have to: Diễn tả ý không cần phải
làm gì
- Cấu trúc: S+ do not (don't)/ does not
(doesn't) did not (didn't)/ will not
(won't)/ ... + have to + V
Ví dụ: You do not have to eat that. (Bạn
không cần phải ăn thứ đó.)
Tình huống: I can see you dislike that.
(Mình có thể thấy rằng bạn không thích
nó.)

III. So sánh should và ought to

1. Dạng thức
1.1 Dạng khẳng định:
S+ should + V
S+ ought to + V
Ví dụ: You should see a doctor if your cough gets worse. (Ông nên đi khám bác sĩ nếu bị ho
nặng hơn.)
You ought to see a doctor if your cough gets worse. (Ông nên đi khám bác sĩ nếu bị ho nặng
hơn.)
1.2 Dạng phủ định:
S+ should not (shouldn't) + V
S+ ought not to (oughtn't to) + V
Ví dụ: Mrs. Smith shouldn't keep complaining. (Bà Smith không nên tiếp tục phàn nàn nữa.)
Mrs. Smith oughtn't to keep complaining. (Bà Smith không nên tiếp tục phàn nàn nữa.)
Lưu ý: Dạng thức phủ định của “ought to” không được sử dụng phổ biến bằng dạng thức phủ
định của “should”
1.3 Dạng nghi vấn:
Should +S+V
Ought + S + to + V
Ví dụ: Should we care about the environment? (Chúng ta có nên quan tâm tới môi trường
không?)
Ought we to care about the environment? (Chúng ta có nên quan tâm tới môi trường không?)
Lưu ý: Dạng thức nghi vấn của “ought to” không được sử dụng phổ biến bằng dạng thức nghi
vấn của “should”
2. Cách sử dụng
2.1 Điểm giống: Cả “should” và “ought to” được sử dụng khi hỏi và đưa ra lời khuyên hoặc gợi
ý.
Ví dụ: You should learn English every day. (Bạn nên học tiếng Anh hàng ngày.)
You ought to learn English every day. (Bạn nên học tiếng Anh hàng ngày.)
2.2 Điểm khác: Giữa “should” và “ought to” có sự khác biệt nhỏ trong sắc thái của lời khuyên.
Should Ought to
Dùng cho lời khuyến mang tính chủ quan, thể Dùng với những lời khuyên mang yếu tố
hiện quan điểm cá nhân của người nói khách quan, tức là có sự tác động của ngoại
cảnh như luật lệ, bổn phận hay quy tắc
Ví dụ: Linda should go to bed early. Ví dụ: Emily ought to finish the report by 10
(Linda nên đi ngủ sớm.) a.m. (Emily nên hoàn thành bản báo cáo trước
10 giờ sáng.)

PART 2: PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose
underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following
questions.
1. A. focus B. open C. chore D. impose
2. A. generation B. advice C. typical D. elegant
3. A. manners B. conflicts C. objects D. viewpoints
4. A. decision B. impose C. arise D.organisation
5. A. restricted B. obliged C. respected D. beloved

Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. value B. afford C. depend D. impose
2. A. influence B. attitude C. counselor D. decision
3. A. donate B. compare C. campaign D. limit
4. A. experience B. mobility C. independence D. priorities
5. A. romantic B. infectious C. protective D. elegant

Exercise 3: Choose the suitable words to complete the message below

discover, rather, rules, independent, conflicts

Throughout history, there have always been 1___________ between parents and their teenage
children. Here are some of the main reasons and explanations.
No matter how old their teenage children are, most parents still treat them like small kids. As
they try to help their children to 2___________ the surrounding world, parents strongly believe
they know what is best for their children. However, as children grow up, they want to be more
3____________, create their own opinions, and make their own decisions. They don’t feel
comfortable when their parents still keep treating them like little kids.
One common area of conflict is the clothes children want to wear. Parents may think that these
clothes break 4_____________ and norms of society, or distract them from schoolwork. What is
more, some teens want expensive brand name clothes, which can lead to a financial burden on
their parents because many cannot afford the high prices.
Another source of conflict is the way children spend their free time. Parents may think that their
children should spend their time in a more useful way 5__________ than playing computer
games or chatting online. But children do not always see things the way their parents do.
Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Now that Jane’s got a job, she’s financially independent
A. self-collected B. self-confident C. self-confessed D. self-determining
2. Because of its geographical position, Germany's perspective on the situation in Russia is very
different from Washington's
A. point of view B. view from point C. idea D. belief
3. He's expensive, but not all his clients live flashily.
A. plentifully B. ostentatiously C. comfortably D. fashionably

Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to

the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Having an extended family, however, did not always guarantee a role.
A. close family B. traditional family C. nuclear family D. large family
2. Doctors these days tend to be more open-minded about alternative medicine.
A. optimistic B. lavish C. close-knit D. narrow-minded
3. Jane found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
A. disagreement B. harmony C. controversy D. combat

Exercise 6: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following sentences.
1. The survey shows that today's generation of young people generally get along well with their
A B
parents and appreciate the way they're being risen.
C D
2. The number of articles published on the generation gap are really amazing.
A B C D
3. With the discovery of the new material, the equipment are greatly improved.
A B C D
Exercise 7: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. In Viet Nam, most parents expect their children to help them with the ____ chores.
A. domestic B. housework C. extended D. homework
2. Living in three- or four-generational families, commonly referred to as "___ families," has
both benefits and drawbacks.
A. single-parent B. extended C. nuclear D. crowded
3. Many teenagers do not like it when their parents impose their decision ____ them.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
4. The advantages of the new method really ____ the disadvantages.
A. outperform B. outdo C. outweigh D. outgrow
5. I have a 11 p.m ____. If I went back home after that, I'd be in trouble.
A. homestay B. conflict C. curfew D. banning
6. Parents should be ____ by offering guidance to kids without forcing their decisions on them.
A. like-minded B. narrow-minded C. open-minded D. absent-minded
7. Sam takes great ____ in expressing her parents' compassion while conversing.
A. please B. pleasant C. pleasantry D. pleasure
8. Lots of teenagers are so stubborn and refuse to ____ their parents' advice.
A. receive B. bring C. follow D. regard
9. An important rule in Tim's family is that they have to pay ____ visits to their grandparents in
the countryside.
A. customary B. normal C. usual D. regular
10. Mr. John is an engineer and expects his son to follow ____ his footsteps.
A. up B. in C. on D. at

Exercise 8: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. All students ____ wear uniforms at school because it is a rule.
A. should B. have to C. ought to D. must
2. You ____ finish your homework before you go to bed.
A. must B. have to C. should D. ought to
3. This drink isn't beneficial for health. You ____ drink it too much.
A. should B. ought to not C. ought not to D. mustn't
4. This warning sign indicates that you ____ step on the grass.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. don't have to D. ought not to
5. I think you ____ do exercise regularly in order to keep your body in good shape.
A. must B. should C. ought to D. Both B and C
6. I will lend you some money, but you ____ pay it back to me next week.
A. should B. have to C. must D. mustn't
7. Hoa ____ feed the cats because her mother has done it already.
A. has to B. doesn't have to C. must D. Both A and C
8. Those audiences ____ show their tickets before entering the concert hall.
A. have to B. must C. ought to D. don't have to
9. The children ____ spend too much time playing computer games.
A. mustn't B. ought to not C . shouldn't D. Both B and C
10. In case you're suffered from the injury, you ____ see the doctor today.
A. had better B. must C. ought D. have better

Exercise 9: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning
to each of the following sentences.

1. I haven't got enough money to buy a new car.

A. I need more money to buy a new car.
B. I don't want to spend more money on a new car.
C. A new car is not something I really need.
D. Money is not the most essential issue to buy a new car.
2. I am really keen on playing sports.
A. I am a big fan of sports. B. Playing sports makes me sick.
C. I am not really into sports. D. I can't stand sports.
3. “I will come back home soon,” he said.
A. He advised to come back home soon.
B. He offered to come back home soon.
C. He promised to come back home soon.
 D. He suggested that he should come back home soon.
4. He prevented his close friend from telling the truth.
A. He forbade his close friend to tell the truth.
B. He allowed his close friend to tell the truth.
C. He ordered his close friend to tell the truth.
D. He paid his close friend to tell the truth.
5. It was wrong of you to scare your brother like that.
A. You must not scare your brother like that.
B. You ought not to have scared your brother like that.
C. You should have scared your brother like that.
D. You should not scare your brother like that.

Exercise 10: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions

Stella McCartney was born in 1972, the daughter of pop star Sir Paul McCartney. She is the
youngest of three sisters. One sister is a potter and the other sister does the same job as their
mother used to do - she works as a photographer. Stella's brother, James, is a musician. Stella
first hit the newspaper headlines in 1995 when she graduated in fashion design from art college.
At her final show, her clothes were modeled by her friends, Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss,
both well-known models. Unsurprisingly, the student show became front-page news around the
world. Stella hadn't been in the news before as a fashion designer but she had spent time working
in the fashion world since she was fifteen. In March 1997, Stella went to work for the fashion
house Chloe. People said the famous fashion house had given her the job because of her surname
and her famous parents but Stella soon showed how good she was. She designs clothes which
she would like to wear herself, although she's not a model, and many famous models and actors
choose to wear them. In 2001 Stella started her own fashion house and has since opened stores
around the world and won many prizes. A lifelong vegetarian, McCartney does not use any
leather or fur in her design. Instead, she uses silk, wool and other animal-derived fabrics.
1. Which of the following is NOT true about Stella's family?
A. She has three sisters. B. One of her sisters is a photographer.
C. She is the youngest. D. Her father is a famous singer.
2. Stella, Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss ____.
A. met for the first time at her fashion show B. are very famous fashion models
C. had been friends before 1995 D. all performed at the final show in 1995
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the show?
A. Everyone was surprised when Stella's show was successful.
B. The models performed clothes designed by Stella.
C. The show was the last show of Stella.
D. There was no one famous appearing in the show.
4. Stella thinks about the kinds of clothes that ____.
A. famous people like to wear B. she likes to wear
C. well-known models perform beautifully D. bring her prizes
5. The word “lifelong” in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. permanent B. inconstant C. temporary D. changing