UNIT 6: GENDER EQUALITY

PART I: THEORY
A. VOCABULARY
New words (Từ mới)
Words Type Pronunciation Meaning
kindergarten n /ˈkɪndəɡɑːtn/ mẫu giáo
adorable adj /əˈdɔːrəbl/ đáng yêu
fantastic adj /fænˈtæstɪk/ tuyệt vời
surgeon n /ˈsɜːdʒən/ bác sĩ phẩu thuật
pilot n /ˈpaɪlət/ phi công
fitness n /ˈfɪtnəs/ thể lực
encourage v /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ khuyến khích
treat v /triːt/ đối xử
equally adv /ˈiːkwəli/ công bằng
opportunity n /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ cơ hội
medical adj /ˈmedɪkl/ thuộc y khoa
gender n /ˈdʒendə(r)/ giới tính
promote v /prəˈməʊt/ thúc đẩy
access n /ˈækses/ sự tiếp cận
rural adj /ˈrʊərəl/ thuộc nông thôn
earn v /ɜːn/ kiếm được
challenge n /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ thách thức
face v /feɪs/ đối mặt
force v /fɔːs/ ép buộc
domestic violence n. p /dəˈmestɪk ˈvaɪələns/ bạo lực gia đình
health risk n / helθ rɪsk/ nguy hiểm tới sức khỏe
uneducated adj /ʌnˈedʒukeɪtɪd/ không được giáo dục
low-paying adj /ləʊ- peɪŋ/ lương thấp
achieve v /əˈtʃiːv/ đạt được
talented adj /ˈtæləntɪd/ tài năng
eyesight n /ˈaɪsaɪt/ thị lực
operation n /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ phẫu thuật
responsibility n /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ trách nhiệm
suitable adj /ˈsuːtəbl/ phù hợp
 Structures (Cấu trúc)
No. Structures Meaning
1. Focus on Tập trung vào
2. Take care of Chăm sóc
3. Give birthday Sinh đẻ
4. Take place Diễn ra
5. Lift a ban Bãi bỏ một lệnh cấm
6. Draw one’s interest Thu hút sự chú ý từ

B. GRAMMAR
I. The passive voice with modals (Bị động với các động từ khuyết thiếu)
- Các modals thường sử dụng: may/ must/ can/ could/ should/ etc.
Công thức Ví dụ
Active S modals + V(n.m) O Our English teacher may give a test today.

Passiv  A test may be given by our English teacher today.

S modals + be + V3/ed by + O
e

PART II: LANGUAGE

A. PHONETIC
Exercise 1. Write the three-syllable adjectives or verbs below in the correct column, according to the stress
pattern.

digital expensive different astonished estimate

wonderful advocate convenient practical effective
hesitate understand electric creative excellent
operate consider introduce remember calculate
encourage oversell disappear imagine recommend

Ooo oOo ooO

………………………… ………………………… …………………………

… … …

………………………… ………………………… …………………………

… … …

………………………… ………………………… …………………………

… … …

………………………… ………………………… …………………………

Exercise 2. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. equal B. female C. enroll D. being
2. A. report B. perform C. according D. word
3. A. women B. college C. opportunity D. job
4. A. girls B. works C. degrees D. opportunities
5. A. eliminated B. forced C. worked D. missed
Exercise 3. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. suitable B. physical C. fantastic D. popular
2. A. organize B. educate C. isolate D. abandon
3. A. continue B. satisfy C. generate D. recognize
4. A. encourage B. qualify C. liberate D. medical
5. A. dependent B. definite C. domestic D. respective

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the words given.

dream treated equality high-paying child marriage

adorable uneducated equal low-paying domestic violence

1. As part-time, __________________ workers, the women earned very little.

2. Have you seen their new baby – she’s simply __________________!
3. In an ideal world, would everyone get __________________ equally?
4. The government is committed to achieving __________________ rights for women.
5. Women have yet to achieve full __________________ with men in the workplace.
6. My brother had always wanted to go to the USA and at last his __________________ came true.
7. A(n) __________________ job satisfies one’s basic needs and fulfils one’s dreams like buying homes or cars.
8. Prevention of __________________ involves providing equal economic opportunities to men and women.
9. Both __________________ and forced marriage are a marriage where one or both parties is under the age of
eighteen.
10. Liberia is the nation with the highest proportion of __________________ children with nearly two-thirds of
primary-aged children not accessing school.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.

1. She dreamed ______ becoming a scientist.
2. The purpose of the law is to end discrimination ______ workplace.
3. The law puts a limitation ______ the number of hours children can work.
4. Her maternity leave prevented he ______ getting the promotion.
5. Some people aren’t fully aware ______ gender discrimination in society.
6. Elderly parents are dependent ______ their children either male or female ______ physical care.
7. The government must ensure equality ______ opportunity ______ all children.
8. The career is his family tradition, passing ______ from generation to generation.
9. Parents should set a good example ______ their children.
10. All over the world women are demanding equal opportunities ______ education and work.
Exercise 3. Choose the best option A, B, C or D.
1. The company promotes equal ________ for women in the same pay and promotion.
A. opportunities B. cases C. positions D. careers
2. The principle of equal pay is that men and women doing ________ work should get paid the same amount.
A. same B. alike C. similar D. identical
3. Children often benefit from the________ upbringing and parents.
A. education B. educational C. uneducated D. educated
4. In developing countries, housewives are more likely to be victims of ________ violence.
A. domestic B. household C. home D. family
5. International Women’s Day is an occasion to make more ________ towards achieving gender equality.
A. movement B. progress C. improvement D. development
6. Reducing gender ________ improves productivity and economic growth of a nation.
A. equality B. inequality C. possibility D. rights
7. Women with high qualifications________ to managers.
A. must promote B. must be promoted C. must move D. must be moved
8. A common reason that someone ________ more for similar work is because of his or her experience or
“length of service”.
A. may be paid B. should not be paid C. can be paid D. must be paid
9. All forms of discrimination against all women and girls ________ immediately everywhere.
A. must be taken away B. must be ended C. must be allowed D. must be followed
10. True gender equality ________ when both men and women reach a balance between work and family.
A. can achieve B. should be achieved C. can be achieved D. should achieve
11. ________ some time for the issue to be resolved.
A. It may be taken B. May it take C. It may take D. It may took
12. ________ at your home address or office address?
A. Should the goods be delivering B. The goods should deliver
C. Should the goods deliver D. Should the goods be delivered
13. It is doubtful that the future ________ astrologers.
A. can tell B. can be told by C. can be told D. can be tell
14. This project ________ by the end of this week.
A. has to be finished B. has to finish C. have to be finished D. has to finished
15. That coach ________ four languages: Portugese, Spanish, English, and French.
A. can speak B. is can be speak C. can be speak D. can be spoken
16. This test ________ the students in one hour.
A. must complete by B. is must be completed
C. must complete D. must be completed by
17. ________ health, happiness and outstanding success in all your ventures.
A. You may have B. Have you may C. May you have D. May you be had
18. Those robbers ________ the police as soon as possible.
A. must be arrested and punished by B. must arrest and punish
 C. be must arrested and punished D. must to be arrested and punished by
19. My point of view ________ all of participants.
A. may not be understood B. may not be understood by
C. may not be understand by D. not may be understood by
20. Vehicles ________ the driver on the right side of the road.
A. to be ought to drive B. ought to be to driven by
C. ought to be driven by D. ought to be to drive

Exercise 4. Choose the answer which is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined words.
1. My children are hopelessly addicted to television.
A. desperately B. impossibly C. expectedly D. dramatically
2. Female students tend to get better grades than male students.
A. follow B. plan C. look forward D. be likely
3. The negotiation have been conducted in a positive manner.
A. discussed B. held C. regarded D. signed
4. The head-hunter seeks to match up jobless professionals with small companies.
A. freelance B. intern C. part-time D. unemployed
5. She examines the interplay between changing gender divisions and urban change.
A. oversee B. overlook C. analyze D. criticize

Exercise 5. Choose the answer which is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined words.
1. Many couples makes themselves miserable by not communicating.
A. cheerful B. sad C. gloomy D. unhappy
2. He’s not matured enough to be given too much responsibility.
A. adult B. unsuitable C. immature D. unready
3. The paper has been in trouble for printing untruths about people’s private lives.
A. personal B. confidential C. secret D. public
4. Discrimination on the basis of race, gender, age or disability is not allowed.
A. fairness B. bias C. hatred D. injustice
5. Gender differences are becoming more blurred as both sexes become more liberated.
A. dim B. clear C. dull D. colorful

Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets in the passive voice.

1. It _____________________ when I get up in the morning. (might finish)
2. It _____________________ that we will win the final victory. (can’t question)
3. Discipline _____________________ at school and at home. (must maintain)
4. We are identical in our views of what _____________________. (should do)
5. The hall ______________________________ after the fire. (didn’t have to completely rebuild)
6. Such things _____________________ to happen in a civilized society. (shouldn’t allow)
7. The virtue of a man _____________________ by his everyday conduct. (ought to measure)
8. It _____________________ that we need to devote more resources to this problem. (can’t deny)
9. The car was damaged to such an extent that it _____________________. (couldn’t repair)
10. Changes _____________________ without the prior approval of the council. (may not make)

Exercise 7. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.

1. There will be penalty for ________________ of bills. (pay)
2. Do you think this present is ________________ for a little girl? (suitable)
3. She said she didn’t want to ne housewife after ________________. (marry)
4. May I offer my heartiest congratulations on your ________________? (promote)
5. Will young people go into teaching until ________________ are higher? (salary)
6. The percentage of girls in ________________ has increased substantially. (engineer)
7. ________________ against women is not allowed in many countries. (discrimination)
8. The ________________ we make, and the chances we take, determine our destiny. (choose)
9. She wants to become a ________________ cook despite of her physical disability. (profession)
10. It is ________________ asserted that older people prefer to receive care from family members. (common)

PART III: SKILLS

A Listening
Exercise 1. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best option.
1. Where is Mai's favourite trip?
A. kindergarten B. hospital C. orphanage
2. What job does Linda want to do in the future?
A. scientist B. surgeon C. biologist
3. Why does Lan focus on Math and Physics?
A. to become a scientist
B. to become a doctor
C. to become a pilot
4. How does Lan live in a country?
A. where boys and girls are subject to family coercion
B. where boys and girls are encouraged to freely choose their careers
C. where boys and girls are under a lot of pressure from their families
5. According to Mark, how should boys and girls be treated?
A. violence B. equality C. dependency

B Speaking
Exercise 1. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: Women should stay at home and take care of the family.
B: a/ I think they can follow their careers and interests outside the family.
b/ I don’t think men are more hard-working.
2. A: Women won’t become CEOs.
 B: a/ Why not? They are also good leaders.
b/ Why not? Men are better leaders than women.
3. A: Nowadays women get equal job opportunities as men.
B: a/ They can have more breaks than men.
b/ But they don’t get equal pay.
4. A: Do you agree that doing housework is very boring?
B: a/ But we can use labour-saving devices.
b/ Women can do that by themselves.
5. A: Housewives are often financially dependent on their husbands.
B: a/ Not really. That’s true.
b/ You bet!
6. A: Men should share household chores with their wives.
B: a/ No, I guess so.
b/ I agree with you.
7. A: Do you think women in Korea get good gender equality?
B: a/ I hope not.
b/ I don’t think so.
8. A: Oh, most of our teachers are female!
B: a/ Yes, women are better at taking care of children.
b/ Yes, women should be encouraged to work outside the home.
9. A: Can you see any benefits of a working mother?
B: a/ She’ll have less time to take care of her children.
b/ She can set a good example for the children.
10. A: Why should girls get higher education?
B: a/ In order to do household chores better.
b/ In order to get good jobs and promotion.

Exercise 2. Complete the conversation between the reporter and Nguyen Thi Hong – Vietnam’s only female
ship’s captain, using the sentences (A-G) given. There are two sentences that you do not need.
A. But I quickly cleared such thoughts out of my head and told myself that I had to try or I would feel
regret forever.
B. I suffered huge losses after several unsuccessful fishing trips.
C. Time passed, and I could forecast the weather through clouds, the light of the stars and the condition of
the waves.
D. At that time, I was teaching Literature at a middle school and my aunt passed through my place by boat
and asked me to go fishing with her on her ship at sea.
E. After five hours of struggling with fierce waves during the night, my crew and I had brought 36 people
on board.
F. It was a horrible sky, and other boat owners tried their best to escape from the storm.
G. My aunt also taught me how to jump from one wave to another and how to manage the ship to follow a
school of fish.
Reporter How could you go to sea for the first time?
 Mrs. Hong I learned it from my aunt, who was also my first teacher. (1) _________
Reporter What did you learn from your aunt?
She taught me her knowledge of how to watch the stars and manage the ship.
Mrs. Hong
(2) _________
Reporter Your aunt was really a great instructor to you.
Mrs. Hong I think so. (3) _________Thanks to her, I escaped from death in Typhoon Linda.
On that fateful night of November 2, 1997, you were the only captain who brought your
Reporter
ship in and also rescued 36 other fishermen. What did you think at that time?
I thought I could not survive, so how could I rescue storm victims with my ship?
Mrs. Hong
(4) _________
Reporter How did you and your men rescue others?
I told my sailors to throw our two buoys into the sea despite the roaring waves in order
Mrs. Hong
to rescue people. (5) _________

C Reading
Exercise 1. Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C or D.
In some regions, boy’s educational opportunities are (1) ______ by gender roles that force them to work
rather than attend school. These financial responsibilities are often increased in boy’s adolescent years, (2)
______ it difficult for them to complete secondary school in some regions.
(3) ______, in many parts of the world, girls are most often the victims of gender discrimination as they
pursue an education. For instance, for many African girls, five years of (4) ______ is the most education they
can expect, and they are the lucky ones. Across the sub=Saharan region, almost 33 million girls (5) ______
between the ages of 6 and 15 are not in school. 56 percent of them will never even (6) ______ foot in a
classroom compared to 41 percent of out-of-school boys.
Moreover, poor girls from rural areas with (7) ______ mothers are the children most likely to be excluded
from learning opportunities. In West and Central Africa, more than 40 percent of secondary school-aged girls
are not in school. More than 60 percent of (8) ______ young people in the world are women.

1. A. limiting B. limited C. limits D. limitative

2. A. making B. taking C. getting D. having
3. A. In addition B. As a result C. Therefore D. However
4. A. growing up B. playing C. working D. schooling
5. A. commonly B. primarily C. roughly D. essentially
6. A. set B. step C. jump D. walk
7. A. educated B. uneducated C. intelligent D. cultured
8. A. education B. knowledge C. illiterate D. literacy

Exercise 2. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
A pioneer leader for women’s rights, Susan Anthony became one of the leading women reformers of the
th
19 century. In Rochester, New York, she began her first public crusade on behalf of temperance, the habit of
not drinking alcohol. The temperance movement dealt with the abuses of women and children who suffered
from alcoholic husbands. Also, she worked tiredlessly against slavery and for women’s rights. Anthony helped
write the history of woman suffrage.
At the time Anthony lived, women did not have the right to vote. Because she voted in the 1872 election, a
US She hoped to prove that women had the legal right to vote under the provisions of the 14 th and 15th
Amendments to the Constitution. At her trial, a hostile federal judge found her guilty and fined her $100,
which she refused to pay.
Anthony did not work alone. She worked with reformers of women’s rights such as Elizabeth Cady
Stanton and Amelia Bloomer. Susan worked for the American Anti – Slavery Society with Frederick Douglas, a
fugitive slave and black abolitionist.
On July 2nd, 1979, the US Mint honored her by issuing the Susan Anthony dollar coin. Although Anthony
did not live to see the fruits of her efforts, the establishment of the 19 th Amendment is indebted to her efforts,
according to US historians.
1. Anthony advocated all of the following EXCEPT _____.
A. slavery should be abolished
B. women are citizens and should have the right to vote
C. employers should provide childcare for female employees
D. alcohol should be prohibited because of the abuse it causes.
2. The underlined word “crusade” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. a battle against authority
B. a campaign to work tirelessly for one’s beliefs.
C. a war against the enemies in the Middle Ages.
D. an attempt to fight evil
3. What would historians say about Susan Anthony’s greatest achievement?
A. She was an activist and raised a family at the same time.
B. She worked with abolitionists to get the country rid of slavery.
C. Her tireless efforts to guarantee women the right to vote led to the establishment of the 19 th Amendment
to the Constitution.
D. Women had the legal right to vote under the provisions of the 14 th and 15th Amendments to the
Constitution.
4. In which of the following ways did the US Mint honor her life’s work?
A. The Susan Anthony stamp was issued.
B. The Susan Anthony dollar coin was issued.
C. The Susan Anthony Memorial Park was built in Rochester.
D. Susan Anthony dolls were created.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Slavery was one of Susan Anthony’s causes.
B. Susan Anthony did not accept the use of alcohol.
C. Susan Anthony never gave up her struggle for all people’s freedom.
D. Reformers do not always see the results of their efforts.

D Writing
Exercise 1. Reorder the words and phrases to make sentences.
1. both/ household chores/ go out/ so/ they/ to/ work/ My dad and mom/ share/ the
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
2. done/ The law/ much/ to/ has/ racial discrimination/ prevent/ and inequality
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
3. women and minorities/ clear/ the/ software company/ It’s/ has/ bias/ against/ that/ a
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Many things/ make/ difficult/ to/ women/ for/ reach/ in/ the top/ US business/ it
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
5. study/ large inequalities/ The/ that/ shows/ exist/ and women/ between/ men
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
6. largely/ is/ by/ Social status/ the/ main breadwinner/ occupation/ determined/ of/ the
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
7. boys/ than girls/ often/ discussing/ more inhibited/ about/ Are/ their problems?
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
8. teenage girls/ that/ male peers/ I/ think/ less/ are/ than/ their/ don’t/ self-confident
 ______________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice.

1. People won’t use maps in the future.
 Maps _________________________________________________________________________________
2. Manufacturers will build cars with a GPS system.
 Cars __________________________________________________________________________________
3. People won’t need travel agencies.
 Travel agencies ________________________________________________________________________
4. Parents will plan family holidays online.
 Family holidays _______________________________________________________________________
5. Factories won’t manufacture televisions anymore.
 Televisions ___________________________________________________________________________
6. Ann can't use her office at the moment.
 Her office _____________________________________________________________________________
7. I have to finish my work now.
 My work _____________________________________________________________________________
8. You must do your task.
 Your task _____________________________________________________________________________
9. Governments should offer poor women more help.
 Poor women __________________________________________________________________________
10. We must do something before it's too late.
 Something ____________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3. Write a paragraph about the qualities of an effective firefighter, using the prompts below. The
first sentence has been done for you.
In order to become an effective firefighter, you should have physical fitness, communicative skills,
adaptability, dedication, and courage.
1. firefighters/ have/ good health/ perform/ tasks/ and/ remain/ safe/ job
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
2. women/ enough physical strength/ remain safe/ job/ too
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
3. clear, intelligent, and polite communication/ an essential quality/ the career/ both men and women/ have
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. women/ good/ active listening/ and/ calming frightened victims
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
5. firefighters/ skill/ adapt/ new settings/ changing conditions/ perform the job
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
6. successful firefighters/ a passion/ take a pride/ their job
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
7. effective firefighters/ courageous/ because/ they/ willing/ take risks/ and/ sacrifice/ help others
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
8. both men and women/ all the qualities/ do the job well
 ______________________________________________________________________________________