Từ Cùng Trường Nghĩa Trong Tiếng Anh

Từ cù ng trườ ng nghĩa trong Tiếng Anh – Trang Anh – Quỳnh Trang
1. ÁM CHỈ
imply ám chỉ rằng điều gì đó là đúng sự thật hoặc Are you implying/suggesting that I'm fat?
/ɪm'plaɪ/ bạn cảm thấy/nghĩ thấy điều gì mà không
(v) cần phải nói thẳng ra ~ suggest /sə'dʒest/
(v)
làm cho điều gì có thể là điều đúng với sự The fact that she was here implies a degree
thực hoặc có tồn tại: hàm ý, ngụ ý ~ suggest of interest.
infer hình thành một quan điểm/đoán rằng điều gì I inferred from her expression that she
/m'fe:(r)/ đó là đúng sự thực dựa trên những thông tin wanted to leave.
(v) mà bạn có sẵn: suy ra, luận ra ~ deduce
/dɪ'dju:s/ (v)
refer refer to somebody/something This paragraph refers to the events of last
/rɪ'fɜ:(r)/ (phrasal verb) year.
(v) miêu tả hoặc có liên quan đến ai/thứ gì These figures refer only to full-time
employees.
denote là một dấu hiệu của điều gì/việc gì: biểu A very high temperature often
/dɪ'nəʊt/ hiện, biểu thị, chứng tỏ ~ denotes a serious illness.
(v) indicate /'indɪkeɪt/ (v)
*imply và infer có nghĩa trái ngược nhau. Hai từ này có thể miêu tả cùng một sự việc nhưng từ những
góc nhìn khác nhau: imply - từ góc nhìn của người nói/viết; infer - từ góc nhìn của người nghe/đọc. E.g.
The article implied that the pilot was responsible for the accident.
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I inferred from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
Are you referring to/suggesting (that) I look fat in these trousers?
I disliked the inferred/implied criticism in his voice.
Red eyes infer/denote strain and fatigue.
The star refers to/denotes items which are intended for the advanced learner.
All the evidence suggests/refers to (that) he stole the money.
Campaigners said the data deduces/implies the existence of ‘a pressing social need'.
I inferred/implied from what she said that you have not been well. Choose the option A, B, C, or D that
best fits the sentence.
The term 'Art' usually _______ to humanities and social sciences.
A. denotes B. implies C. refers D. suggests
9. His angry tone _______ extreme displeasure.
A. referred B. denoted C. inferred D. deduced
He _______ that she was not interested in a relationship from what she said in her letter.
A. implied B. denoted C. indicated D. inferred
I'm not _______ anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight? A. implying
B. indicating C. deducing D. referring
Readers are left to _______ the killer's motives.
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A. imply B. infer C. denote D. refer 13. The
town’s name may _______ to a nearby underground spring.
A. refer B. infer C. suggest D. imply
Exports in June rose 1.5%, _______ that the economy was stronger than many investors thought. A.
referring B. deducing C. implying D. inferring
There was a message waiting, _______ that someone had been here ahead of her. A. deducing
B. inferring C. referring D. denoting
Did you think the word 'underclass' _______ to those left out of most privileges afforded by society?
A. infers B. deduces C. indicates D. refers
The high level of radiation in the rocks _______ that they are volcanic in origin.
deduces B. implies C. infers D. refers
Much of the meaning must be _______ from the context.
inferred B. indicated C. implied D. referred
Removing one's footwear before entering a home or a temple before worship _______ a sign of respect,
humility, and submissiveness.
infers B. refers C. denotes D. deduces
4. CHỨNG CHỈ, BẰNG CẤP
bằng cấp do các trường đại học cấp khi
sinh viên hoàn thành chương trình học và She has a degree in physics from
degree
sắp ra trường Edinburgh.
/dɪ'gri:/ She has a master's degree in history from
(một khóa học cấp bằng thường kéo dài từ
(n) Yale.
3 đến 4 năm, thường được trao bởi những
trường đại học uy tín)
chứng chỉ, văn bằng do các trường đại học,
cao đẳng và trường kỹ thuật cấp (một khóa I’m taking a twoyear diploma
diploma học cấp bằng chỉ kéo dài từ 1 đến 2 năm, course.
/dɪ'pləʊ.mə/ (n) có thể được trao bởi bất kỳ cơ sở giáo dục Everyone was given a diploma at
nào, kể cả các cơ sở giáo dục tư nhân) the end of the course.
giấy phép, một tài liệu chính thức cho Applicants must hold a valid driving
licence phép bạn sở hữu, làm hoặc sử dụng thứ gì licence.
/ 'laɪ.səns/ (n) đó, thường là sau khi bạn đã trả tiền hoặc He was caught driving a car without a
đã hoàn thành bài kiểm tra licence.
giấy chứng nhận (một tài liệu chính thức
nói rằng thông tin trên đó là đúng)
một tài liệu chính thức chứng minh rằng
a birth/marriage/death/health certificate.
certificate /sə'tɪf.ɪ.kət/ bạn đã hoàn thành một khóa học hoặc vượt
She has a certificate in Drama
(n) qua một kỳ thi; một bằng cấp đạt được sau
Education
một khóa học hoặc một kỳ thi

The bank will insist you produce a driving licence/diploma or passport as a form of ID.
John tries to earn a bachelor's diploma/degree from a top-ranked university at an affordable price.
Your birth certiflcate/license is an important personal document because it's proof of identity for many
purposes.
Anyone with a high school diploma/certificate can enrol in the course.
He found a copy of his parents' marriage certificate/licence.
Jimmy is a graduate of Cambridge University and he earned a master's degree/diploma in Economics.
The owner of land could grant a licence/certificate to cut and remove timber.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.

She takes a four-year _______ course to be in pursuit of her dreams of becoming a doctor.
diploma B. licence C. certificate D. degree
The college offers the Higher National _______, which takes two years to complete, in computer studies.
Licence B. Diploma C. Degree D. Certificate
A _______ of completion will be issued to all who complete the course. A. degree B. diploma
C. certificate D. licence
The company has won the _______ to run trains from the south coast to London.
licence B. certificate C. diploma D. degree
Everyone entering the country needs to show a health _______. A. licence B. diploma 6.
BAO GỒM, GỒM CÓ
/kən'teɪn/ (v) alcohol
- The documents contain sensitive
information.
gồm có, được cấu tạo nên từ, sau đó liệt The team consists of four European and
consist of kê các thành phần tạo nên nó (không chia two Americans.
/kən'sɪst əv/ (v) bị động) My role seemed to consist of standing and
smiling at people.
(= be comprised of) bao gồm, được cấu Water is composed of hydrogen and
comprise thành từ, được sử dụng với nghĩa giống oxygen.
/kəm'praɪz/ (v) như "consist of’ nhưng trong văn cảnh The collection comprises 327 paintings.
trang trọng
Symptoms of the illness include/contain a high temperature and a persistent dry cough.
My breakfast often includes/consists of dry bread and a cup of tea.
The class is comprised/consisted mainly of Italian and French students.
Additional benefits comprise/include a company car and free health insurance.
Raw vegetables contain/include more potassium than cooked ones.
The ploughman's is a simple meal containing/consisting of cheese, bread and pickles.
These cells contain/comprise genes and proteins that interact with one another.
His supporters are _______ mainly of evangelical Christians.
A. included B. contained C. comprised D. consisted 9. This
year’s team, coached by Jeff Jackson, _______ entirely of college players.
A. consisted B. comprised C. included D. contained
Electronic products _______ hazardous materials that cannot be deposited in landfills.
comprise B. contain C. consist D. include
I couldn't list all the people you invited but it might _______ students from a local school, as well as
their parents.
comprise B. consist C. contain D. include
He handed over a brown envelope _______ a hundred dollar bills.
consisting B. comprising C. containing D. including
7. BẢO TỒN, GIỮ
giữ cho một cái gì (thường là có giá trị) Campaigners are fighting to preserve
hoặc điều gì ở nguyên trạng thái ban this house because it was where
đầu/trong tình trạng tốt nhất bằng cách Sherlock Holmes lived.
preserve
không thay đổi hoặc thậm chí không sử
/prɪ'zɜ:v/ (v)
dụng đến nó bởi vì một khi nó bị
hỏng/mất đi thì không có thứ khác để
thay thế
giữ gìn/bảo vệ/sử dụng cái gì để ngăn cho New laws have been enacted to
nó không bị hư hại/thay đổi/lãng phí vì conserve wildlife in this area.
conserve nếu khi nó bị sử dụng hết thì sẽ khó có
/kən'sɜ:v/ (v) thứ khác để thay thế
sử dụng cái gì càng ít càng tốt để có thể We are cutting down on our heating to
dùng được lâu conserve electricity.
bảo trì - giữ cho cái gì Money raised from tickets and tours
maintain (nhà/đường/máy móc ...) ở tình trạng tốt will go towards maintaining
/meɪn'teɪn/ (v) bằng cách kiểm tra hoặc sửa chữa thường Scarborough Castle.
xuyên
duy trì điều gì đó để nó tiếp tục giữ In between meals, she maintains her
nguyên được vị thế/trình độ/trạng thái... sugar levels by eating a piece of cake or
fruit.
giữ cái gì đó ở đâu đó để sau này dùng He stored all his possessions in his
store
parents’ house while he was travelling
/stɔ:(r)/ (v)
abroad.
giữ chỗ/bàn/phòng... để nó không bị These seats are reserved for pregnant
reserve
người khác sử dụng hoặc sử dụng cho women and disabled people.
/rɪ'zɜ:v/ (v)
mục đích khác
The government needs to focus on types of housing which conserve/reserve resources, particularly
water.
The United Kingdom wants to maintain/store its position as a world power.
I’ve come to pay for and collect my tickets - I stored/reserved them by phone yesterday in the name of
Amanda.
If you get there early, please reserve/maintain a seat for me.
This is a beautiful old house. We must preserve/store the character of the house.
That warehouse is being used to maintain/store food and clothes for the refugees from Afghanistan. 7.
The accident occurred due to a malfunction of the safety equipment. One report found out that the
equipment had been very poorly maintained/stored.
After getting married, she was determined to preserve/conserve her independence and way of life. She
didn't quit her job and continued going to her favorite pub to enjoy a drink at weekends. Choose the
option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
"Had you forgotten about our wedding anniversary?" - "Of course not! I’ve _______ a table at Septime
restaurant for this evening."
saved B. reserved C. maintained D. stored
Renewable energy resources can help _______ fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions.
preserve B. conserve C. reserve D. maintain
The waiter told us that those seats were _______ for special guests.
preserved B. conserved C. maintained D. reserved
This is a very ancient town. We must keep its old part intact. We therefore want to _______ the old
buildings of the town while improving the residential areas.
preserve B. conserve C. reserve D. store
To _______ a species in the wild, we should protect its natural habitat. A. conserve B. reserve
C. store D. shield
The company is responsible for _______ public telephone boxes. They have to be checked regularly.
A. maintaining B. conserving C. preserving D. storing
All of my old books, magazines, and newspapers are _______ in boxes in my parents' old house. A.
maintained B. conserved C. stored D. preserved
9. BẮT CHƯỚC
[ngoại động từ] copy She copies everything her sister does.
somebody/something cư xử hoặc làm
việc gì giống như cách mà ai đó khác
làm: bắt chước, phỏng theo ~ imitate
copy
[ngoại động từ] làm ra cái gì y hệt như bản He taught himself by copying paintings in
/'kɒpi/ (v) the Louvre.
gốc: sao chép; chép lại/ghi lại thứ gì; sao
chép lại thứ gì để lúc khác dùng The students copied the sentences from
the whiteboard.
You can copy the data to your new laptop
in the usual way.
imitate somebody/something bắt - She can imitate the calls of many

chước/làm theo ai đó/thứ gì different birds. - vegetarian products
which imitate meat
imitate /'ɪmɪteɪt/
(v)
bắt chước cách ai đó nói hoặc hành xử để As I returned to the table, he stood up
khiến người khác cười ~ mimic and imitated me, pretending to smooth a
skirt and fix his hair.
bắt chước cách ai đó nói/di chuyển/hành He could mimic all the teachers' accents.
xử/..., đặc biệt là để làm cho người khác
mimic cười ~ imitate
/'mɪmɪk/
(v) trông/vận hành giống như một thứ khác ~ The computer model is able to mimic
imitate very closely the actions of a golfer.
[ngoại động từ] forge something to forge a passport/banknote

forge
làm giả cái gì để lừa người khác ~
/fɔ:dʒ/ (v)
counterfeit /'kaʊntəfɪt/ (v)
17
Disease được dùng để nói về những vấn đề nghiêm trọng hơn về sức khỏe, đặc biệt là những vấn đề ảnh
hưởng đến các bộ phận của cơ thể. Illness được dùng để nói về cả các vấn đề nghiêm trọng hơn và cả
những vấn đề nhỏ về sức khoẻ, và illness còn nói về các vấn đề ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe tinh thần.
Disease không được dùng để nói về một thời gian bị bệnh trong khi illness được dùng với nghĩa này.
Smoking increases the risk of heart illness/disease.
You can treat minor ailments/diseases yourself.
Many people suffer from some form of mental illness/disease during their lifetime.
The medicine is supposed to cure all kinds of minor diseases/ailments, ranging from colds to back pains.
She has contracted a lung disease/ailment.
She missed a lot of school through illness/disease last year.
You are allowed time off work only in cases of serious ailment/illness or bereavement.
Gene therapy was first pursued in an attempt to cure genetic ailments/diseases.
15. BIẾN MẤT
disappear /,dɪsə'pɪə(r)/ [nội động từ] trở nên không thể nhìn The plane disappeared behind a cloud.
(v) ~ vanish /'vænɪʃ/ (v) thấy
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[nội động từ] ngừng tồn tại The smile disappeared to be replaced by a
doleful frown.
[nội động từ] bị mất hoặc không thể The plane mysteriously disappeared
tìm thấy over the Indian Ocean.
Thành ngữ - Keep looking - they can't just have
- disappear/vanish off the face of vanished/disappeared off the face of
the earth: biến mất hoàn toàn - the earth. - She can't just have
disappear/vanish into thin air: bất vanished/disappeared into thin air.
ngờ biến mất một cách bí ẩn
[nội động từ] (một cảm giác/vấn đề/kế The issue of global warming is not just
hoạch/hoạt động...) biến mất, đặc biệt là going to evaporate.
evaporate
bằng cách dần dần trở nên ít đi/yếu đi
/ɪ'væpəreɪt/ (v)
và cuối cùng là biến mất hoàn toàn
[nội động từ] trở nên dần dần yếu hơn The prospect of bankruptcy has now
recede hoặc nhỏ hơn (đặc biệt là một vấn đề, receded (= it is less likely].
/rɪ'si:d/ (v) cảm giác, khả năng việc gì xảy ra, kỉ
niệm hoặc phẩm chất)
fade/fade away [nội động từ] trở nên không nhìn thấy - The smile faded from her face. -
/feɪd/(v) rõ ràng rồi dần dần biến mất The laughter faded away.
dissolve [nội động từ, ngoại động từ] biến mất; - When the ambulance had gone, the crowd
/dɪ'zɒlv/ (v) làm cho cái gì biến mất dissolved.
- Her enthusiasm dissolved his shyness.

Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be fading/vanishing away.
Just as he started to think that he was never going to get well, the illness began to recede/emerge.
The mirror made the ceiling seem to fade/disappear.
Halfway through the movie, reality appears/evaporates, and we enter a world of pure fantasy.
Our countryside is disappearing/fading at an alarming rate.
The lights in the windows faded and the house emerged/dissolved into darkness again.
Where are my keys? They seem to have receded/disappeared again.
Over the years her beauty had ______ a little.
faded B. vanished C. emerged D. disappeared
I can never find a pen in this house. They ______ as soon as I buy them. A. emerge B. fade
C. disappear D. recede
Both sides' own interpretations of vague elements easily ______ the agreement between them.
receded B. evaporated C. faded D. dissolved 11. The whole tribe seems to
have ______ off the face of the earth.
A. vanished B. evaporated C. dissolved D. faded
Even though the President cut his losses and made it clear that even he no longer supported the mission,
public resolve ______.
appeared B. emerged C. evaporated D. dispersed
I can't find my wallet anywhere - it has completely ______!
disappeared B. faded C. receded D. emerged
Dealers grew concerned over the sliding dollar and ______ prospects for economic recovery.
receding B. appearing C. emerging D. dissolving 15. Lenny still could not ______ the
nagging lump of tension in his chest. A. evaporate B. dissolve C. disappear D. fade
All other issues ______ into insignificance compared with the struggle for survival.
A. evaporate B. vanish C. fade D. dissolve
Why have 2.5 million manufacturing jobs ______ in the last twenty years? A.
receded B. emerged C. faded D. disappeared
18. BÌNH THƯỜNG
thường xuyên diễn ra, những gì mọi He came home later than usual. - This
người làm trong hầu hết các tình weather is not usual for this time of year.
usual It is usual to start a speech by thanking
huống
/'ju:ʒəl/ (adj) everybody for coming.
bình thường, không khác biệt hay ordinary people like you and me
ordinary đặc biệt theo bất kì cách nào She was a perfectly ordinary little girl. - no
/'ɔ:r.dən.er.i/ (adj) ordinary... (=a special or unusual
example of something)
thông thường, diễn ra giống như bạn It's normal to feel tired after such a long trip.
mong đợi chứ không bất thường Under/In normal circumstances, I would say
‘yes’. - The temperature
normal was above/below normal for the time of year.
/'nɔ:r.məl/ (adj) back/return to normal
theo lệ thường, thói quen của ai đó, She worked with her customary
customary theo phong tục, thông lệ, truyền thoroughness.
/'kʌs.tə.mer.i/ (adj) thống It has been customary for the chair to
be re-elected for a second year.
Her paintings depict the lives of usual/ordinary people in the last century.
There was more rainfall than usual/ordinary this summer in the mountain areas.
Things are back to normal/customary now that we've paid off all our debts.
Michael worked with his normal/customary thoroughness and care.
Under normal/ordinary circumstances, candidates are interviewed by the head of the department. 6.
They asked me why I wanted the job and why I thought I was suitable - you know, the ordinary/usual
thing.
From the outside it looked like a perfectly usual/ordinary shed.
At Christmas it has been ordinary/customary for the children to perform bits of poetry.
The journey to work took longer than _______.
A. normal B. ordinary C. usual D. customary 10. It
could take two weeks for your health to return to _______.
A. ordinary B. normal C. customary D. usual 11. In
my village, it is _______ for a girl to take her mother's name. A.
customary B. usual C. ordinary D. normal
Her last concert appearance in Britain was no _______ performance.
usual B. customary C. normal D. ordinary
The unemployment rate was above _______ levels.
normal B. usual C. ordinary D. customary
19. BỎ QUA, PHỚT LỜ
neglect [ngoại động từ] bỏ bê, không dành đủ sự quan - She denies neglecting her baby. -
/nɪ'glekt/ tâm hoặc chăm sóc cho những người hoặc to neglect your appearance/the
(v) những việc thuộc trách nhiệm của bạn house
[ngoại động từ] lờ đi, phớt lờ, cố tình không He ignored all the 'No Smoking'
lắng nghe hoặc không chú ý đến signs and lit up a cigarette. - We
ignore cannot afford to ignore their advice.
/ɪg'nɔ:r/ to ignore a warning/a problem/an
(v) issue
[ngoại động từ] bỏ qua, không chú ý tới, không He seems to have overlooked one
nhận thấy hoặc xem xét đến ai, cái gì important fact.
overlook (không cố tình) I was prepared to overlook her
/,əʊvər'lʊk/ (v) [ngoại động từ] phớt lờ đi cái gì đó dù bạn biết mistakes this time.
nó sai trái, xấu xa, giả vờ như không chú ý đến
[ngoại động từ] bỏ qua, không bao gồm ai, cái If you are a student, you can omit
gì hoặc không làm điều gì đó (vì bạn cố tình questions 16-18.
omit People were surprised that Smith
hoặc có thể bạn quên)
/oʊ'mɪt/ was omitted from the team. - She
(v) omitted to mention that they were
staying the night.
She can be really irritating but I try to ignore/neglect her.
He rather ignored/neglected his children in favour of his career.
We could not afford to overlook/omit such a serious offence.
Some important details were deliberately overlooked/omitted from the report.
They feel angry that their complaints were neglected/ignored.
In my hurry to finish the exam I had overlooked/ignored part of one of the questions.
She's been omitting/neglecting her studies this semester.
She omitted/overlooked to inform the authorities of their visit. Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best
fits the sentence.
The government is _______ its duty to protect the vulnerable.
ignoring B. neglecting C. omitting D. overlooking
He's so friendly people are prepared to _______ his faults.
omit B. ignore C. neglect D. overlook 11. The government has _______
the advice it was given.
A. neglected B. omitted C. ignored D. overlooked
She was _______ from the list of contributors to the report.
A. omitted B. ignored C. overlooked D. neglected
We can't ________ the fact that there is a huge problem here. A. overlook B.
neglect C. ignore D. omit
23. CÁ NHÂN
của ai đó chứ không thuộc về hay liên The novel was written from
personal quan đến bất kì người nào khác (thường personal experience.
/'pɜ:sənl/ (adj) đứng trước danh từ)
thuộc về cuộc sống cá nhân của một ai I try not to let work interfere with my
đó chứ không phải về công việc = personal life.

private
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] được coi là They interviewed each individual
individual một cá thể/một cá nhân riêng biệt trong member of the community.
/,ɪndɪ'vɪdʒuəl/ (adj) một nhóm vật/người
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] liên quan Children get
đến một con người; được thiết kế chỉ cho more individual attention in
một người small classes.
[thường đứng trước danh từ] thuộc về The sign said, "Private property.
hoặc chỉ dành cho một ai đó/một nhóm Keep out.”
người nào đó chứ không dành cho công
chúng/tập thể
nhằm mục đích hoặc chỉ bao gồm một We agreed to keep our
private cá nhân/một nhóm người cụ thể chứ arrangement private.
/'praɪvət/ (adj) không dành cho tập thể hoặc cho
các cá nhân khác biết
[thường đứng trước danh từ] không liên He is on a private trip to England now.
quan đến công việc hoặc địa vị =
personal
single [chỉ đứng trước danh từ] nhằm mục đích a single bed
/'sɪŋgl/(adj) được sử dụng bởi một người
separate độc lập, tồn tại riêng rẽ Jack and Sophia have begun to sleep in
/'seprət/ (adj) separate rooms.
A sign in English and French announced that the restaurant was closed for a private/single party.
All patients are located in personal/separate rooms to prevent infection.
The receptionist asked for my personal/individual details, such as full name, date and place of birth,
education background, etc.
The new charter establishes the personal/individual rights and duties of citizens.
You can switch between the private/single player and the multiplayer games.
Please keep single/personal phone calls to a minimum when you're at work.
Earlier the prime minister had spent six days in England on a single/private visit.
The doctor carefully evaluates the single/individual needs of her patients.
You shouldn't listen to other people's private/separate conversations.
Householders are given four separate/single receptacles for their rubbish.
We have different activities and approaches, and we try and make _______ care plans for each person.
single B. separate C. personal D. individual
On the three floors above the Hamlet restaurant, there were three _______ hotels, each occupying a
single floor.
individual B. personal C. separate D. single
He was popular as much for his _______ qualities as for his management skills.
personal B. single C. separate D. private 14. The villa has its own _______ beach.
A. single B. private C. personal D. individual
This is a _______ -sex school. It's for girls only.
single B. separate C. individual D. personal
Raw meat must be kept _______ from cooked meat.
individual B. personal C. separate D. single
Apparently, in interviews the celebrity always refuses to talk about her _______ life. A. separate
B. individual C. single D. private
He learned this lesson the hard way - from his own _______ experience.
single B. separate C. individual D. personal 19. Divide the vegetables and beef among four
_______ dishes.
A. individual B. single C. private D. personal
The waiter asked if we were all together, so I explained that we were two _______ parties.
A. single B. separate C. personal D. individual
A(n) _______ room at the Astir Hotel costs £56 a night and £98 for a double. A. individual
B. single C. personal D. private
My _______ view is that the students should be doing more work outside the classroom.
A. single B. private C. personal D. separate
The two leaders held _______ talks in June to try to resolve the dispute. A. private B.
personal C. separate D. single
Use _______ chopping boards for raw meats, cooked meats, vegetables, and salads.
individual B. personal C. private D. separate
You never allow _______ problems to affect your performance. A. personal B. single
C. separate D. individual
It was the first time many had seen works from the artist's _______ collection.
single B. individual C. separate D. private
Each _______ employee was given a bonus.
private B. single C. individual D. separate
24. CÁCH THỨC
way /weɪ/ (n) [C] cách/phương pháp/phương kế/biện I love him and I think he feels the same
pháp/phong cách/kiểu để làm việc gì đó way.
*way mang nghĩa chung chung và suồng sã There are many ways of solving the
hơn method bởi vì nó có thể có nghĩa là một problem.
kỹ thuật đơn lẻ hoặc cả một tổ hợp các kỹ
thuật
[C] cách/kiểu mà ai đó hành xử hoặc nghĩ; He was showing off, as is the way with
cách/kiểu mà việc gì xảy ra ways [số nhiều] adolescent boys.
cách hành xử/sống đặc trưng tiêu biểu của After ten years I'm used to the strange
một nhóm người cụ thể British ways.
method [C] một cách cụ thể để làm việc gì đó: The pill is the most efficient method of
/'meθəd/ phương pháp, cách thức birth control.
(n) * method mang ý nghĩa gồm một nhóm các a reliable method of measuring blood
kỹ thuật (được thực hiện theo từng bước) và pressure
nó nhấn mạnh vào mục đích đạt được sự
hiệu quả và độ chính xác
approach /ə'prəʊtʃ/ [C] cách để giải quyết việc gì hoặc tiếp The school has decided to adopt a
(n) cận/tiếp xúc/hành xử với ai đó (được suy different approach to discipline.
nghĩ và lên kế hoạch cẩn thận); cách để thực He is always very logical in his approach.
hiện hoặc suy nghĩ về một việc gì ví dụ như
là một vấn đề hoặc một nhiệm vụ nào đó:
phương pháp, each
tiếp cận
technique [C] cách cụ thể để làm việc gì, đặc biệt là Doctors are developing a painless
/tek'nɪ:k/ cách mà bạn phải học các kỹ năng đặc biệt technique to give shots.
(n) thì mới thực hiện được: kỹ thuật
means /mi:nz/ [C] một hành động/một vật/một hệ thống We needed to get to London, but we had no
(n) được sử dụng để đạt được một kết quả nào means of transport.
đó; một cách để đạt được hoặc làm việc gì: Fishing is their only means of livelihood.
phương tiện, biện pháp,
cách thức

We have developed a new technique/manner for detecting errors in the manufacturing process.
You can pay for your purchase in one of two techniques/ways: by cash or by credit card.
Education and training are the most efficient means/techniques of improving the nation’s economy.
The company is taking a proactive approach/way to easing the energy crisis.
Travelling by train is still one of the safest techniques/methods of transport.
Don’t worry, if she seems quiet - it’s just her way/technique. Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best
fits the sentence.
She’s a wonderfully creative dancer but she doesn't have the _______ of a truly great performer.
approach B. technique C. means D. method
I could tell he liked her from the _______ he looked at her.
way B. approach C. method D. technique
Examinations are not the only _______ of assessing a student's ability.
technique B. manner C. means D. approach
That's not the right _______ to hold a pair of scissors. Let me show you.
approach B. means C. medium D. way
I’ve just read an interesting book which has a new _______ to Shakespeare. A. approach B.
method C. way D. means
Debit cards are becoming the payment _______ of choice for many consumers.
means B. method C. technique D. approach
For many people, the motorbike is still their main _______ of transport.
manner B. method C. way D. means
You’ll have to close everything down and restart your computer. It’s the only _______ A. technique
B. method C. way D. means
27. CAN THIỆP, XEN VÀO
[nội động từ] can thiệp vào một tình The police had to intervene when protesters
intervene huống khó khăn để làm cải thiện, giúp blocked traffic.
/,ɪntər'vi:n/ (v) đỡ, ngăn cản nó trở nên tệ hơn The situation calmed down when police
intervened.
[nội động từ] xen vào, can thiệp vào I wish my mother would stop
interfere một tình huống mà bạn thật sự không interfering and let me make my own
/,intər'fɪr/ nên liên quan, làm cho tình huống đó trở decisions.
(v) nên tệ hơn, và thường làm người khác If you try and interfere in my life, I'll leave.
cảm thấy bực mình
[nội động từ] + [ngoại động từ] xen Sorry to interrupt, but there's someone to see
interrupt vào, làm gián đoạn khi ai đó đang nói gì you.
/,intə'rʌpt/ (v) hoặc làm gì They were interrupted by a knock at the
door.
[nội động từ] can thiệp giùm, can ngăn, They asked my father to intercede with the
nói chuyện với ai đó để thuyết phục họ king on their behalf.
intercede đối xử tốt với người khác hoặc giúp giải Both times his employer interceded and got
/,intər'si:d/ (v) quyết một cuộc tranh him freed.
cãi
She was resentful of anybody's attempts to intervene/interfere in her work.
The minister intervened/interfered personally to stop the museum from being closed.
She tried to explain what had happened but he kept interrupting/interceding her.
Local groups asked the politician to interrupt/intercede with the government on their behalf.
The government warned its neighbors not to interfere/interrupt in its internal affairs.
Late in the night, he and several other men interrupted/interceded in a fight between two women.
There is increasing demand for the United Nations to intervene/intercede in trouble spots throughout the
world.
Please go on with what you're doing and don't let us _______ you. A. interfere B. interrupt
C. intervene D. intercede
When the boss accused her of lying, several other employees _______ on her behalf.
35
interceded B. intervened C. interrupted D. interfered
Their only hope now is that the outside world will _______ but it is an increasingly forlorn hope.
intercede B. interfere C. intervene D. interrupt 11. _______ in other
people's relationships is always a mistake.
A. Interrupting B. Interceding C. Intervening D. Interfering 12.
He's very impatient and always _______ me mid-sentence.
A. intervenes B. interrupts C. interferes D. intercedes
28. CẢNH
[không đếm được] phong cảnh, cảnh The river passes through a rich variety of
scenery vật thiên nhiên, tự nhiên chẳng hạn như scenery.
/'si:nəri/ núi, thung lũng, sông, đảo và rừng,..., We stopped on the mountain pass to admire
(n) khi bạn nghĩ nó đẹp, hấp dẫn the scenery.
[không đếm được, thường ở dạng số ít] - As we journeyed south, the landscape
phong cảnh, khung cảnh, mọi thứ bạn became drier and rockier. - The impact of
landscape
có thể thấy khi nhìn trên một vùng đất farming on the natural landscape has
/'lændskeɪp/ (n)
rộng lớn, đặc biệt là ở vùng quê increased greatly.
[đếm được] cảnh vật, quang cảnh, nơi He photographed a wide range of street
scene mà bạn thấy, hoặc nơi xuất hiện trong scenes.
/si:n/ một bức hình, bức tranh. Ngoài ra còn The scene from the mountaintop was
(n) dùng với nghĩa hiện trường (nơi diễn ra breathtaking.
vụ việc nào đó)
- [không đếm được] cảnh tượng, cái gì The house was hidden from sight
đó nằm trong tầm nhìn của ai - [dạng số behind some trees.
nhiều] cảnh đẹp, điểm tham quan, We spent a week in Rome looking at all the
sight /saɪt/ (n) sights.
những địa điểm thú vị, đặc biệt là ở một
thị trấn hoặc thành phố, thường được
khách du lịch ghé thăm
The scenery/landscape is dotted with the tents of campers and hikers.
The majestic Montana scenery/landscape will leave you breathless.
Picture the scene/sight - the crowds of people and animals, the noise, the dirt.
We enjoyed seeing the scenes/sights of San Francisco.
We sat in horror watching the scenes/sights of violence unfold before us.
Here and there the rusted hulk of an abandoned car dots the landscape/scenery.
The painting depicts an idyllic pastoral _______ of shepherds watching over their grazing sheep. A.
sight B. scene C. landscape D. scenery
We moved to Northamptonshire and a new _______ of hedges and fields.
landscape B. scenery C. sight D. scene
For a complete change of _______, take a ferry out to one of the islands.
scene B. sight C. landscape D. scenery
No _______ in Moscow are more historic than the Kremlin.
sceneries B. landscapes C. sights D. scenes
The police arrived to find a _______ of horrifying destruction. A. scene B. scenery C.
landscape D. scenery
36. SỰ HƯỚNG DẪN
sự giúp đỡ hoặc lời khuyên (đặc biệt Under her teacher’s guidance,
là từ ai đó nhiều tuổi hơn hoặc có she has developed into an
nhiều kinh nghiệm hơn) về cách để accomplished pianist.
làm việc gì hoặc cách để giải quyết guidance for teachers on how to
guidance use video in the classroom
các vấn đề liên quan đến công việc,
/'gaɪdns/ (n) The helpline was set up for young
giáo dục, hoặc các mối quan hệ cá
nhân của bạn: sự hướng dẫn, sự dìu people in need of
dắt; lời khuyên guidance and support.
[U] một ý kiến, quan điểm, hoặc gợi I need some advice on which
ý mà ai đó đưa ra cho bạn về việc smartphone to buy.
advice She went back to work against the
bạn nên làm gì hoặc hành xử như thế
/əd'vaɪs/ (n) advice of her doctor (= her doctor
nào trong một hình huống cụ thể: lời
khuyên, lời chỉ bảo advised her not to).
[C] (plural) những hướng dẫn về It’s ever so easy to cook. You just
cách để làm việc gì/đi đến đâu follow the directions on the
packet.
A farmer gave us directions to the
direction town.
/daɪ'rekʃn/,
[U] sự quản lý/hướng dẫn/chỉ đạo ai All such research is under
/də'rekʃn/ (n) government direction.
đó/việc gì
All work was produced by the students
under the direction of John Williams.
instruction (plural) thông tin chi tiết về cách để Step-by-step instructions on how to
/ɪn'strʌkʃh/ (n) làm việc gì hoặc sử dụng cái use the photocopier are
gì: hướng dẫn ~ provided.
direction
[U] (formal) hành động dạy một kỹ driver under instruction
năng hoặc một môn học cụ thể cho ai (= being taught how to drive) - basic
đó instruction on using the internet
She had no formal instruction in
music.
[C, U] hành động chỉ/dạy/hướng Sandra and Nigel provided a

dẫn/giải thích cách thứ gì đó hoạt demonstration of salsa dance steps.
demonstration /,demən'streɪʃn/ (n) động hoặc được làm hoặc cách để We’re going to a cookery
làm việc gì: minh họa demonstration tonight.

With all pesticides, follow the directions/advice for use carefully.
The project was under the advice/direction of a well-known academic.
We had to stop to ask for directions/demonstrations to the beach.
You should always read the guidance/instructions on medicines thoroughly.
The language of instruction/advice throughout the course is English.
Activities all take place under the advice/guidance of an experienced tutor.
They give good direction/advice to parents about managing difficult behaviour.
Let me give you a (n) demonstration/advice of how the camera works. Choose the option A, B, C, or D
that best fits the sentence.
She had been given pretty clear _______, so she found the hotel easily.
A. demonstrations B. guidance C. advice D. directions
10. Always read the _______ carefully before switching on the machine.
A. instructions B. counsels D. guidance D. advice
Several nurses working under the _______ of this doctor have made complaints.
advice B. demonstration C. direction D. instruction
The school district needs another _______ counsellor to work with students
demonstration B. guidance C. advice D. instruction
The permission was given against the _______ of the planning officers.
advice B. instruction C. demonstration D. direction
Read the entire label before use and carefully follow the labelled _______ for use.
advice B. guidance C. counsels D. directions
The primary focus of our teacher’s reading _______ was phonics and reading fluency. A. direction
B. advice C. instruction D. guidance
37. CHỈ RA, CHO THẤY
chỉ cho, để cho ai đó thấy cái gì, điều Let me show you this new book I've just
show bought.
gì, làm rõ điều gì đó (thường thông
/ʃəʊ/ These photographs show the effects of the
qua số liệu, nghiên cứu, báo cáo...,)
(v) chemical on the trees.
chứng minh điều gì đó là đúng bằng New research convincingly demonstrates
việc đưa ra bằng chứng, chứng cớ that agerelated memory loss is not
demonstrate chứng minh cho ai đó rằng bạn có khả inevitable.
/'demənstreɪt/ (v) năng, phẩm chất nào đó These paintings demonstrate his
extraordinary ability as a portrait painter.
indicate - chỉ ra, cho thấy rằng điều gì đó - The article claims that an increase in
/'indɪkeɪt/ (v) đúng và tồn tại crime indicates a decline in
chỉ ra dấu hiệu của một điều gì đó có moral standards.
thể xảy ra Boiling hot weather at noon often indicates
làm cho một người chú ý đến người heavy rain in the evening.
He indicates where we should put the book
khác hoặc thứ khác bằng cách chỉ tay.
on.
chứng tỏ, cho thấy một kết quả cụ thể The new treatment has proved to be a
nào đó sau một khoảng thời disaster.
prove gian, hóa ra là They proved him innocent
/pru:v/ chứng minh điều gì đó là đúng (thường
(v) là chứng minh ai đó có tội, vô tội,
chứng minh ai, điều gì đó là đúng hoặc
sai)
The Australian team soon showed/demonstrated their superiority over the opposition.
Don't let anyone in unless they show/indicate you their card.
They suspected that she'd killed him but they could never actually show/prove that it was her.
Please demonstrate/indicate which free gift you would like to receive.
The president must demonstrate/show to the country that he is really in control of his government.
She was determined to prove/indicate everyone wrong.
‘What are they doing here?' he asked, demonstrating/indicating her bags in the hallway. Choose the
option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
You need to _______ to the examiners that you have more than a literal understanding of the text.
A. indicate B. show C. demonstrate D. prove 9.
For ten years he has been fighting to _______ his innocence.
A. demonstrate B. prove C. indicate D. show
Studies _______ a link between cancer and processed meats.
demonstrate B. indicate C. show D. prove
A red sky at night often _______ fine weather the next day.
indicates B. demonstrates C. proves D. shows 12. The promotion _______
to be a turning point in his career.
A. demonstrated B. indicated C. showed D. proved
39. CHỌN, LỰA CHỌN
* choose, select, pick, opt, và decide đều có nghĩa là quyết định xem bạn muốn điều/thứ/ai trong số
những điều/thứ/người đang có sẵn.
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] quyết định You choose - I can’t decide.
xem bạn muốn thứ gì/điều gì/ai từ những He chose a shirt from the many in his
thứ/điều/người đang hiện có; nếu bạn chọn wardrobe.
làm điều gì thì có nghĩa là bạn muốn làm We chose to go there by train.
choose
điều đó hoặc bạn cảm thấy điều đó là đúng
/tʃu:z/ (v)
đắn *Trong choose, select và pick thì choose
là từ được sử dụng rộng rãi nhất.
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] [thường ở He was selected to play for France at the
dạng bị động] chọn ai/thứ gì/điều gì là tốt age of only 18.
select nhất/phù hợp nhất/... (thường là một cách a randomly selected sample of 23 schools
/sɪ'lekt/ (v) cẩn thận, trừ khi bạn nói rõ là chọn một
cách ngẫu nhiên) từ một nhóm
người/vật/việc
[ngoại động từ] [mang sắc thái suồng sã, She picked the best cake for herself.
thân mật] chọn ai đó/thứ gì đó từ một nhóm
pick người/vật
/pɪk/ (v) *thường là chọn một cách ít cẩn thận (đặc
biệt được dùng khi sự lựa chọn không quá
quan trọng)
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] chọn thực hiện Depending on your circumstances you
opt
hoặc không thực hiện một hành động cụ thể may wish to opt for one method or the
/ɒpt/ (v)
nào đó other.
[ngoại động từ, nội động từ] suy nghĩ một I had a cold and
decide
cách cẩn thận về những khả năng khác nhau couldn't decide whether to go to work or
/dɪ'saɪd/ (v)
để chọn một trong số chúng not.
chỉ chọn (những) người/thứ tốt nhất/có lợi In 1877, Japanese nobles formed the
cherry-pick nhất/... và bỏ lại những người/thứ còn lại Iwakura mission and travelled the world
/'tʃeri pɪk/ (v) cherry-picking ideas on how to
industrialize the country.
chọn ai đó để làm một công việc gì cụ thể The people of the Philippines have voted
elect bằng cách bỏ phiếu cho họ (bầu cử) to elect a new president.
/ɪ'lekt/ (v) elect to do something (mang sắc thái trang After six months, he elected to take early
trọng) chọn làm điều gì đó retirement.
appoint chọn ai đó cho một công việc hoặc một vị trí He’s just been appointed as director of
/ə'pɔmt/ (v) trách nhiệm nào đó the publishing division.
Students from classes 4 to 10 cast their votes to opt for/elect their student leaders.
Many scientists cherry-pick/elect favourable results; others change direction when interesting results
emerge.
The firm's directors cherry-picked/chose Emma to be the new production manager.
He was decided/appointed to this promotional role because of his high profile in the community.
The program automatically selects/elects and stores the most frequently used data.
Appoint/Pick a number from one to twenty.
We might be hiring more people, but nothing has been decided/chosen yet.
After a lot of thought, I opted/chose against buying a new motorbike.
If the private sector is allowed to _______ the juiciest parts of the mail delivery industry, will that mean
that rural areas, for example, will receive a poorer service?
opt for B. cherry-pick C. elect D. pick
"If we’re going to _______ a foreperson, it should be a secret vote," said Mrs. Jones.
elect B. appoint C. select D. choose
I _______ for the longer, quieter route - anything to avoid more stares.
selected B. chose C. decided D. opted
He instigated a demand-led program, encouraging staff to come up with innovative ideas and then
_______ those that would add value to the economy.
electing B. picking C. cherry-picking D. appointing
Instead of laser vision correction, he _______ to have a lens placed behind the pupils of his eyes. A.
picked B. opted C. appointed D. selected
A new board of directors was _______ to oversee the financially troubled project.
appointed B. chosen C. opted D. decided
Sales figures will ultimately _______ the future of these types of games.
select B. pick C. decide D. choose
Buoyed by the example of success, thousands of new migrants massing in the city's second ward took to
the polls and _______ two black aldermen to represent them.
opted for B. decided C. picked D. elected
It was _______ that the school should purchase new software.
decided B. chosen C. selected D. picked 18. Have I _______ a bad time to talk to you?
A. elected B. appointed C. picked D. opted
40. CHỮA
[ngoại động từ] làm cho ai, con gì khỏe The doctor managed to cure her of her
cure mạnh lại sau bệnh tật, ốm đau, chữa khỏi illness.
(v) /kjʊr/ bệnh He was now completely cured of his illness.
[ngoại động từ] điều trị, cung cấp sự He is being treated for a rare skin disease.
chăm sóc y tế đến người bệnh, chữa trị Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial
treat
căn bệnh, vết thương..., của người bệnh, infections.
[v] /tri:t/
nhưng chưa biết đã khỏi bệnh, đã bình
phục hay chưa
[ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] lành, The wound took a long time to heal.
heal chữa lành, làm cho ai đó, cái gì đó khỏe Vitamin K is needed by the body for healing
/hi:l/ mạnh trở lại, đặc biệt dùng cho trường cuts and bruises.
(v) hợp bị đứt, cắt hoặc chấn thương

Patients are cured/treated with a combination of medication and exercise.
It might be several months before she’s fully cured/treated.
I've broken my leg, but the doctor says that it's a clean break, so it should cure/heal easily.
The medicine won't cure/heal her - it merely stops the pain.
Laboratory tests suggest that the new drug may be used to treat/heal cancer.
The plaster cast helps to treat/heal the broken bone.
She was cured/treated of her migraine headaches when she changed her diet.
41. CHUYẾN ĐI
một cuộc hành trình, chuyến đi được a walking/sightseeing/bus tour
tour thực hiện cho niềm vui trong đó có tour of/round/around something
/tʊr/ (n) một số địa điểm khác nhau được thăm We're going on a tour of Bavaria.
viếng thăm
một hành động đi từ nơi này đến nơi a business/school/shopping trip
khác và thường quay lại, có khoảng a fishing/camping trip
trip
thời gian ngắn, thường có mục đích là: The trip from York to
/trɪp/
đi chơi, đi du lịch, đi công tác, hay có Newcastle takes about an hour by train.
(n)
mục đích cụ thể khác We went on a trip to the mountains.
They took a trip down the river.
cuộc hành trình, đi từ nơi này đến nơi He makes the journey to Moscow three
journey times a year.
khác, đặc biệt là khi họ ở một khoảng
/'dʒɜ:.ni/ train/car/bus ...journey
cách xa, đặc biệt là đi bằng phương
(n) I love going on long journeys.
tiện xe cộ
việc đi lại nói chung (đi lại giữa hai The job involves a considerable amount of
travel nơi, đi du lịch) foreign travel.
/'trævl/ The pass allows unlimited travel on all
(n) public transport in the city. - air/rail/space
travel
một chuyến đi ngắn nhằm mục đích We went on an outing to London.
outing
giải trí hoặc giáo dục, thường là với Every year she organized an outing to the
/'aʊtɪŋ/
một nhóm người và kéo dài không quá countryside.
(n)
một ngày
sự thám hiểm, chuyến viễn chinh, hành Captain Scott's expedition to the South Pole
trình có tổ chức với một mục đích cụ to plan/lead/go on/mount/undertake an
expedition expedition
thể, đặc biệt là để tìm hiểu về một địa
/,ek.spə'dɪʃ.ən/ (n)
điểm chưa được nhiều người biết đến
excursion cuộc tham quan du ngoạn, thường They've gone on an excursion to York.
/ɪk'skɜr.ʒən/ (n) ngắn và có tổ chức cho một nhóm
người
picnic cuộc đi chơi và ăn ngoài trời; bữa ăn - It's a nice day. Let's go for a picnic. -
/'pɪk.nɪk/ ngoài trời (thân mật, không We had a picnic beside the river.
(n) mang tính trang trọng)
một chuyến đi dài, đặc biệt là trên biển The ship sank on its maiden voyage.
voyage
hay trong không gian (the first voyage of a ship)
/'vɔɪ.ɪdʒ/
an around-the-world voyage
(n)
a voyage in space
một cuộc hành trình trên một con tàu I'd love to go on a round-the- world cruise.
cruise lớn để cho vui, thỏa mãn, trong đó bạn a luxury cruise ship
/kru:z/ đi thăm một số nơi khác nhau, đặc biệt
(n) là trong một kỳ nghỉ lễ

The bus tour/journey from London to Athens took 60 hours.
She's away on a business trip/travel and won't be back until next week.
The organization offers a self-guided walking tour/journey for the neighborhood.
His work provided him with the opportunity for a lot of foreign tours/travel.
Rosie's going on a school outing/voyage to the Wildlife Park.
We signed up for a shore expedition/excursion to New Orleans.
We are hoping to mount the first manned expedition/excursion to Mars by 2020.
The Titanic sank on its maiden cruise/voyage in 1912.
A lot of people take their family to have a voyage/picnic on the river bank.
I'd love to go on a round-the-world cruise/picnic.
The newly-married couple went on a _______ to Sapa for their honeymoon.
journey B. voyage C. travel D.trip
The train _______ took us through a valley past rolling hills. A. voyage B. cruise C.
journey D. travel
The coaches are used for sightseeing _______, and the sights are well worth seeing. A. journeys
B. tours C. picnics D. trips
The ship was badly damaged during the _______ from Plymouth.
voyage B. excursion C. outing D. tour
If the weather's nice we could have a _______ in the park. A. journey B. trip C. picnic
D. cruise
Scott died while he was on a(n) _______ to the Antarctic in 1912.
excursion B. expedition C. voyage D. outing 17. We went on an all-day _______ to the
island.
A. picnic B. voyage C. tour D. excursion
They offer a 10 percent discount on rail _______ for students.
cruise B. travel C. expedition D. picnic
They suggested that the presence of a second large _______ ship in the area would provide a useful
safeguard.
voyage B. expedition C. excursion D. cruise
Every year the professor takes her students on a(n) _______ to the archives of the Library of Congress.
outing B. expedition C. voyage D. travel
43. NGHỀ NGHIỆP, CÔNG VIỆC
một hoạt động, chẳng hạn như một công Carrying heavy loads around all day is
việc, mà một người sử dụng nỗ lực (thể chất hard work.
work It’s very difficult to find work at the
hoặc tinh thần) để thực hiện, thường là vì
/wɜ:k/ moment.
tiền (danh từ không đếm được, nếu nó đếm
(n) She's been off work (= not going to work)
được thì nó có nghĩa là tác phẩm)
with a bad back since July.
job công việc mà chúng ta làm và nhận được a temporary/permanent job
tiền thường xuyên (thường chỉ một nghề When she left college, she got a job as an
nghiệp, một công việc cụ thể hay một vị trí editor in a publishing company.
nào đó. Ví dụ: cook - đầu bếp, teacher - Both my parents have fulltime jobs.
/dʒɑ:b/ Many women are in part-time jobs.
giáo viên. Nếu như job ám chỉ một nghề
(n)
nghiệp, công việc nhất định, cụ thể thì work
nhắc đến công việc chung chung.) (danh từ
đếm được)
sự nghiệp (công việc hoặc một loạt công He had a very distinguished career in the
việc bạn làm trong suốt cuộc đời làm việc Foreign Office.
career She plans to pursue a career in medicine.
của mình, đặc biệt nếu bạn tiếp tục hoàn
/kə'rɪr/
thành công việc tốt hơn và kiếm được nhiều
(n)
tiền hơn) (danh từ đếm được)
nghề nghiệp, một loại công việc cần đào tạo - He left the teaching profession in 1965
hoặc kỹ năng đặc biệt, đặc biệt là công việc to start his own business.
profession /prə'feʃ.ən/ cần trình độ học vấn cao -
(n) (danh từ đếm được) the medical/legal/teaching profession - to
enter/go into/join a profession
nghề nghiệp, thường ám chỉ đến nghề He listed his occupation on the form as
nghiệp gắn liền với cuộc đời một người. Từ "teacher."
occupation current/previous occupation
này được sử dụng đặc biệt trên các biểu
/,ɑ:.kjə'peɪ.ʃən/ (n)
mẫu và văn bản chính thức (danh từ đếm
được)
việc làm (khá trang trọng), đặc biệt là khi Only half the people here are in paid
làm để kiếm tiền (danh từ đếm được); tình employment.
employment trạng được tuyển dụng hoặc tình hình mọi After leaving Pearson, it took Friedman
/ɪm'plɔɪ.mənt/ (n) người có việc làm (danh từ không đếm months to find new employment.
The steelworks provided
được).
employment for thousands of people.

Only 20 percent of the students intend to pursue jobs/careers as engineers in the industry.
Her father discouraged her from going into the legal profession/work.
David is trying to get a work/job in a bank that is nearest to his house.
She lists her main occupation/employment as 'property developer'.
Taking care of a baby is hard work/profession.
Some economists think that full career/employment in Europe is an unattainable goal.
Now many temporary _______ are also of a longer duration and you work with a contract of two to six
months.
works B. jobs C. careers D. professions
We've finished decorating upstairs but the downstairs still needs some ______. A. profession B.
job C. work D. occupation
The new factory will provide _______ for about a hundred local people.
employment B. occupation C. work D. profession
The report notes that 40 percent of lawyers entering the _______ are women.
work B. job C. occupation D. profession 11. He returned to his previous _______ as a
teacher.
A. employment B. career C. occupation D. work
45. CƯ DÂN
inhabitant một con người hoặc một con vật sống ở the oldest inhabitant of the village
/ɪn'hæbɪtənt/ (n) một nơi cụ thể nào đó: người ở, người cư It eats mice, lizards, and other small
trú, cư dân inhabitants of the forest floor.
(đặc biệt dùng trong danh từ ghép) một city dwellers (= people who live in a city)
dweller con người hoặc một con vật sống ở một
/'dwelə(r)/ (n) nơi cụ thể được đề cập đến
một người sống lâu dài ở một nơi cụ thể a resident of the United Kingdom
hoặc người có nhà ở đó
(formal) một người đang ở qua đêm tại The hotel bar was only open to residents
resident một khách sạn (một hoặc hơn một đêm) (= to people staying at the hotel).
/'rezɪdənt/ (n) The hotel restaurant is open to
nonresidents (= to people not staying at
the hotel).
một người từ một nước/vùng khác đến French settlers founded New
một nước/vùng mới (nơi mà không có Orleans.
settler
nhiều người sống ở đó trước đây) để sống When the first settlers moved into the
/'setlə(r)/ (n)
ở đó và sử dụng đất đai ở đó area, they faced immense hardships.
(thường dùng ở dạng số nhiều) một người The café is popular with both locals and
local sống ở một vùng nhỏ cụ thể mà bạn đang visitors.
/'ləʊkl/ (n) nói tới: người dân địa phương
công dân của một nước cụ thể nào đó She's applying to become a
British citizen.
citizen một người sống ở một thành phố/thị trấn the citizens of Budapest
/'sɪtɪzn/ (n) cụ thể: dân thành thị the decent, law-abiding citizens (= people
who obey and respect the law) of this city

Japan has more than 1.1 million registered foreign residents/locals.
At the time, there were over 2.000 British locals/citizens living in Iraq.
The village was founded by settlers/inhabitants from the Volga region.
This pool is for the use of hotel residents/citizens only.
Tensions have been growing between students and locals/settlers in the area.
The citizens/settlers of Moscow woke up this morning to find they had a new government.
The island’s occupants/inhabitants have made it clear that they do not want to destroy a way of life that
has existed for centuries.
Apartment settlers/dwellers are still primarily couples and singles.
Eddie’s grandfather was one of the town’s first occupants/settlers.
If you get lost, just ask one of the settlers/locals for directions.
Priority will be given to Canadian citizens and permanent _______ of Canada.
dwellers B. locals C. residents D. settlers
Some anthropologists believe that the very earliest cave _______ used everything from thorns, bones,
sticks, and stone to fashion crude hairpins
settlers B. citizens C. locals D. dwellers
It was so exciting to see that our birdhouse has some new _______.
inhabitants B. residents C. citizens D. locals
The number of graves found in Upper Hailing suggests that these were of _______
citizens B. settlers C. occupants D. dwellers 15. The hotel restaurant is open to _______ and
their guests.
A. residents B. inhabitants C. citizens D. settlers
She entered the United Kingdom in 2022 as a permanent resident because of her marriage to a British
_______.
dweller B. citizen C. local D. settler
Slum _______ in India regularly deals with problems such as lack of clean water, no sewage or waste
disposal facilities, and unsanitary living conditions.
citizens B. locals C. dwellers D. settlers
The site contains the remains of ancient _______ who came to the area from Asia. A. residents
B. settlers C. inhabitants D. citizens
50. ĐẶC BIỆT
[thường chỉ đứng trước danh từ] không Are you doing anything special for
thông thường hoặc không bình thường; Christmas?
khác xa so với những gì bình thường
~ exceptional /ɪk'sepʃənl/ (adj)
special quan trọng hơn những thứ khác/người She's a very special friend.
/'speʃl/ (adj) khác; xứng đáng hoặc nhận được nhiều
sự chú ý hơn bình thường
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] tốt hơn hoặc As an only child, she got
nhiều hơn bình thường ~ especial special attention.
/ɪ'speʃl/ (adj)
cực kỳ tốt; xuất sắc: nổi bật, đáng chú ý an outstanding achievement
outstanding
~ exceptional
/aʊt'stændɪŋ/ (adj)
không như bình thường hoặc thông an extraordinary achievement

thường; tuyệt vời hoặc tốt đẹp hơn bình an extraordinary talent
thường: lạ thường, khác
thường, phi thường
extraordinary
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] (về một cuộc The ruling Socialist Party held an
/ɪk'strɔ:dnri/ (adj)
họp/thảo luận/...) được sắp xếp/tổ chức extraordinary congress in July, two
(bên cạnh các thời điểm thường xuyên) months before the annual congress.
cho một mục đích đặc biệt: đặc biệt, bất
thường
[thường chỉ đứng trước danh từ] (hàng - a deluxe hotel
deluxe hoá/dịch vụ/...) có chất lượng cao hơn
/dɪ'lʌks/ (adj) hoặc đắt hơn thông thường
notable đáng được lưu ý tới/nhắc tới hoặc nhận A notable feature of the church is its
/'nəʊtəbl/ (adj) được sự chú ý; quan trọng unusual bell tower.
The task requires deluxe/extraordinary patience and endurance.
The notable/deluxe model comes complete with an in-car CD player and earphone.
This type of wood needs special/outstanding treatment.
His eyes are his most deluxe/notable feature.
At the age of five, he showed exceptional/deluxe talent as a musician.
They organized an especial/extraordinary meeting of shareholders to discuss the burning issue.
Deluxe/Special thanks are due to the many volunteers who helped organize fund-raising events.
The lecture will be of deluxe/especial interest to history students.
He wants someone special/especial, with whom he will spend the rest of his life.
A lot of my teachers were good, but Mrs. Smith was outstanding/deluxe.
This deadline will be extended only in especial/exceptional circumstances.
It is ______ that only 15% of senior managers are women.
especial B. notable C. deluxe D. outstanding
When he stays out of town, he frequently checks into ______ hotels that charge thousands of dollars a
night.
deluxe B. especial C. extraordinary D. notable
In ______ circumstances candidates without these qualifications may be considered. A. especial
B. deluxe C. outstanding D. special
The drawing room is particularly ______ for its splendid oak panelling.
extraordinary B. deluxe C. notable D. especial
I give ______ thanks to Jane Brown for her extraordinary help and to Tony White for years of helpful
discussions.
notable B. outstanding C. especial D. deluxe
Forrest Gump is a movie that holds a(n) ______ place in my heart.
deluxe B. special C. outstanding D. especial
Their resort hotels, like most of their city centre establishments, were aimed at customers seeking first-
class or even ______ accommodation.
notable B. especial C. outstanding D. deluxe
She was a woman of ______ courage and remarkable ability and no one can doubt that Tony Benn was
lucky to have found and married her.
extraordinary B. deluxe C. ordinary D. usual
The first-class or ______ resort hotel market was not the most profitable or the best long-term investment
for the company.
deluxe B. notable C. especial D. extraordinary
He was ______ for his outstanding leadership in helping the university to overcome cuts in government
funding.
especial B. ordinary C. deluxe D. notable
He had taken ______ care preparing for this evening and in his heart, he knew that he would be escorting
this beautiful girl home.
usual B. deluxe C. ordinary D. especial
Police advised residents to take ______ precautions because of the increase in burglaries.
ordinary B. usual C. deluxe D. special
Twenty thousand copies are expected to be published, among which there will be a limited ______
edition with silk end-sheets bound in gold blocked leather.
especial B. ordinary C. deluxe D. outstanding
Her ______ performances set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world.
outstanding B. ordinary C. normal D. especial
My old laptop was retired because of a really weird problem - it would only start in ______
circumstances.
ordinary B. deluxe C. exceptional D. outstanding
51. ĐƠN, ĐỘC NHẤT
độc nhất vô nhị, độc đáo, không có cái Each person's genetic code in
unique /ju:'ni:k/
khác tương tự is unique except the case of
(adj)
identical twins.
(chỉ đứng trước danh từ) tự mình, thực The game is famous for a stunning solo goal
solo
hiện, trình diễn một mình mà không có from John Barnes.
/'soʊloʊ/ She is releasing a solo album.
sự tham gia giúp đỡ của người khác
(adj)
only (chỉ đứng trước danh từ) chỉ, duy nhất, I was the only person on the train.
/'əʊnli/ không có ai, cái nào, cách nào khác cả Is this really the only way to do it?
(adj)
cá nhân, riêng lẻ, tồn tại và được xem We interviewed each individual
xét tách biệt với những thứ khác hoặc member of the community.
individual những người khác trong một nhóm Farmers each have their own individual
/,in.də'vɪdʒ.u.əl/ (adj) concerns about the changes.
độc thân, chưa kết hôn hoặc chưa có He's been single for so long now
single /'sɪŋgl/ (adj) mối quan hệ tình cảm với ai khác

The only/unique way he can express himself is through violence.
I'd recognize your handwriting anywhere - it's only/unique.
Individual/Single members of the cast contributed greatly to the show’s success.
The apartments are ideal for solo/single people living alone.
Their former lead singer is now a solo/single artist.
She thinks that young people today are too concerned with unique/individual happiness and gratification.
She's the only/single one who can do it.
Fingerprints are ______ to every individual.
only B. single C. solo D. unique
Please state whether you are ______, cohabiting, married, separated, divorced or widowed.
only B. single C. unique D. individual
Choose a savings account to match your ______ needs.
individual B. unique C. only D. single
He used to play with a group but now he's pursuing a(n) ______ career. A. unique B. single
C. solo D. individual
Johnson was born in Aberdeen in 1942, the ______ son in a family of six children. A. single B.
only C. unique D. individual
52. ĐĂNG KÝ
book đặt vé trước, thu xếp để có một chỗ - She booked a flight to Chicago. -
/bʊk/ ngồi, phòng, v.v. vào một thời điểm cụ I'll book a table for 8 o'clock.
(v) thể trong tương lai
đăng ký, thu xếp cho chính bạn hoặc - Is it too late to enroll at the college? -
enroll
cho người khác tham gia chính thức một They want to enroll their children in their
/ɪn'rəʊl/
khóa học, trường học, đại học, cao đẳng, local school.
(v)
chương trình, nhóm v.v.
đăng ký, ghi tên của bạn và các thông More than 5 000 people registered to take
register /'redʒ.ə.stə/ tin khác vào danh sách chính thức để part in the contest.
(v) được dự thi, bầu cử, hoặc được cấp phép Have you registered for the English exam
làm gì đó v.v. yet?
He booked/enrolled in a glass-making degree course at London's Royal College of Art.
David booked/enrolled a seat on the evening flight to Los Angeles.
Increasingly, the unmarried father of a child in Europe enrolls/registers his paternity at the baby's birth.
We have enrolled/registered eighty children in this day-care program.
Her husband wants her to register/book the car in his name.
We were advised to enroll/book early if we wanted to get a room.
He registered/enrolled at Penn State University.
54. ĐẦU TIÊN, BAN ĐẦU
first xảy ra hoặc đến trước tất cả những - I fell in love with him the first time I saw
/fɜ:st/ (determiner, người/thứ khác (trong him.
ordinal number) một chuỗi) về thứ tự/thời - Today is the first of August.
gian/lượng/chất lượng/sự quan
trọng: đầu tiên; thứ nhất
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] xảy ra tại in the initial stages (= at the beginning) of the
initial thời điểm ban đầu; đầu tiên ~ first campaign
/ɪ'nɪ∫l/ (adj) My initial reaction was to decline the offer.
original /ə'rɪdʒənl/ [chỉ đứng trước danh từ] tồn tại kể Is this the original fireplace?
(adj) từ thời điểm ban đầu của một thời The gardens have recently been restored to
kỳ/quá trình/hoạt động nào đó; là their original glory.
mẫu/dạng/hình thái đầu tiên của the original meaning of the word
một thứ gì đó: thuộc gốc, thuộc
nguồn gốc, thuộc căn nguyên, đầu
tiên, ban đầu
mới và thú vị theo cái cách mà nó an original idea
khác biệt với bất kì thứ gì đã tồn tại the product of a highly original mind - The
trước đó; có thể cung cấp những ý film is great - it's challenging and highly
tưởng mới và thú vị: độc đáo, original.
nguyên bản; sáng tạo
đầu tiên, mở đầu, khai mạc; bắt đầu the opening match of the season
opening
>< closing /'kləʊzɪŋ/ (adj) the opening chapter of the book
/'əʊpənɪŋ/ (adj)
the chairman’s opening remarks
thuộc phần giới thiệu introductory
(được viết hoặc nói) cho thứ gì sau chapters/paragraphs/remarks
đó: để giới thiệu ~ opening
với mục đích là phần giới introductory courses/lectures

thiệu/nhập môn/bước đầu làm quen
cho một môn học hoặc một hoạt
introductory động cho những người mà chưa
/,ɪntrə'dʌktəri/ (adj) từng học hoặc thực hiện trước đó
(giá cả/lời chào hàng) chỉ được đề - a special introductory price of just £10 -
nghị/thực hiện trong một khoảng This introductory offer is for three days only.
thời gian ngắn khi một sản phẩm
mới được tung ra bán để thu hút
khách hàng
I’d like to make a few original/introductory remarks before we start the program.
First/Opening impressions can be misleading.
During my sophomore year of college, I took an introductory/opening acting course as an elective.
The kitchen still has many original/introductory features (= parts that were there when the house was
first built).
Visitors are advised to watch out for new hotels that run initial/introductory offers.
It’s not a bad movie but there's nothing very initial/original about it.
The aim of this initial/original meeting and the following one is to clarify the issues.
United scores in the opening/original minutes of the game.
The project is only in the original/initial phase, but it’s looking quite promising.
58. DI CƯ
[nội động từ] di cư, rời khỏi đất nước The family left Czechoslovakia in 1968 and
emigrate của bạn để đến và sống vĩnh viễn ở một emigrated to America.
/'emɪgreɪt/ (v) quốc gia khác My grandparents emigrated from
Vietnam to the US in the 1980s.
[nội động từ] di cư đến một nơi nào đó, Mexican farm workers migrate into the US
một đất nước nào đó thường là để tìm each year to find work at harvest time.
migrate kiếm công việc và thường sống ở đó These animals migrate annually in search of
/'maɪgreɪt/ (v) tạm thời, ngoài ra còn dùng để chỉ các food.
loại động vật di cư theo mùa

Many citizens with higher education were trained abroad and they often
emigrate/migrate permanently.
Mexican farmworkers emigrate/migrate to the US each year to find work at harvest time.
In September, these birds emigrate/migrate 2,000 miles south to a warmer climate.
My family emigrated/migrated from Europe in the early 1800s to settle in America.
People emigrate/migrate to cities like Jakarta in search of work.
65
61. ĐIỀU CHỈNH, SỬA ĐỔI
[ngoại động từ] thay đổi, sửa đổi (một The law has been significantly modified
kế hoạch, quan điểm, luật pháp, chính since that ruling.
modify
sách, hành vi...,) nhẹ, không đáng kể để
/'mɑ:.də.faɪ/ (v)
nó được cải thiện và thỏa đáng hơn
- [ngoại động từ] thay đổi cái gì đó để Adjust your language to the age of your
adjust phù hợp với các điều kiện mới, để đạt audience.
/ə'dʒʌst/ hiệu quả hơn, tốt hơn, điều chỉnh - sắp
(v) xếp lại đồ áo để ngăn nắp, gọn gàng
[nội động từ] thích nghi với môi trường Many software companies have adapted
(vật sống) popular programs to the new operating
adapt [nội động từ] + [ngoại động từ] thay system.
/ə'dæpt/ đổi, làm cái gì đó thay đổi đế phù hợp Species have adapted to climate changes
(v) với các điều kiện (biến đổi), chức năng throughout history.
sử dụng khác nhau ~ modify
tailor [ngoại động từ] chỉnh sửa, thay đổi để Special programs of study are tailored
/'teɪlər/ phù hợp với một mục đích, đối tượng cụ to/for the needs of specific groups.
(v) thể nào đó
correct [ngoại động từ] sửa đổi, thay đổi để Read through your work and correct any
/kə'rekt/ chính xác hơn, sửa lỗi sai, lỗi lầm, mistakes that you find.
(v) khuyết điểm...,
Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to adapt/modify their behaviour.
The ways in which organisms have adapted/tailored to survive in this extreme environment are not well
understood.
At this stage you should be able to correct/adjust at least some of your own mistakes.
As a teacher you have to modify/adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.
We tailor/correct any of our products to your company's specific needs. Choose the option A, B, C, or D
She ______ her skirt, took a deep breath, and walked into the room. A. corrected B. tailored
C. adapted D. adjusted
We found it cheaper to ______ existing equipment rather than buy new. A. tailor B. modify
C. correct D. adjust
Their eyesight can be ______ in just a few minutes by the use of a laser.
A. adjusted B. adapted C. corrected D. tailored
9. ______ the angle of your monitor so you can easily read it.
A. Adjust B. Tailor C. Modify D. Correct
10. To remain competitive the company has to be able to ______ to the changing marketplace.
A. tailor B. adapt C. correct D. adjust
62. ĐOÁN, DỰ ĐOÁN
sự cố gắng để đưa ra một câu trả lời hoặc If you don’t know the answer, have a
guess
ý kiến khi mà bạn không chắc chắn là bạn guess.
/ges/(n)
đúng hay không: sự đoán
lời dự đoán về việc mà bạn nghĩ sẽ xảy ra Having lived in the UK for more than
trong tương lai; hành động dự đoán về one year, I’ve learned not to make any
prediction tương lai predictions about the weather here.
/prɪ'dɪkʃn/ (n) *prediction mang nghĩa rộng hơn
forecast
hành động phát hiện ra hoặc xác định The engineer examined the washing
diagnosis được nguyên nhân chính xác của một căn machine for some time before giving
/,daɪəg'nəʊsɪs/ (n) bệnh hoặc một vấn đề: sự chẩn đoán me his diagnosis.
dự đoán về việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai It is too early to make firm forecasts
forecast (dựa trên các thông tin hiện có) về sự phát about the UK economy after the
/'fɔ:kɑ:st/ (n) triển của một điều gì đó: sự dự đoán pandemic.
trước, sự dự báo trước
estimation [C] một lời phán đoán về giá cả, kích cỡ, Estimations of our total world sales
/,estɪ'meɪʃn/ (n) giá trị, mức độ, ... của một thứ gì/điều gì are around 50 million.
đó: sự ước lượng
It is difficult to make long-term forecasts/guesses for a fast-growing industry.
At a rough guess/diagnosis, I'd say we're about twenty miles from home.
Six hundred workers there lost their jobs today, amid gloomy diagnoses/predictions that there could be
worse to come.
The figures of 9% and 5% were diagnoses/estimations by federal officers, who lacked hard statistical
data upon which to base their percentages.
He took one look at the wilted plant and gave me an immediate diagnosis/estimation: "It needs more
water," he said.
"What goes through your mind when you wake up in the morning and hear the weather ______ is eighty
and sunny?"
estimation B. forecast C. guess D. diagnosis
Without the results of the blood test, the doctor could only make a tentative ______ of the disease.
estimation B. diagnosis C. forecast D. guess
In this study, we made no specific ______ about likely outcomes.
diagnoses B. estimations C. predictions D. guesses
In fact, the first group were absolutely correct in their ______ of the man’s height.
forecast B. prediction C. diagnosis D. estimation 10. Who do you think I saw yesterday? I'll
give you three ______.
A. guesses B. predictions C. forecasts D. diagnoses
We should be fine unless it rains. This truck doesn't do well in the rain. But I didn’t see rain in the
______.
A. diagnosis B. estimation C. guess D. forecast
To aid the ______ of moving costs, we will assume that each room is of average size. A.
estimation B. guess C. diagnosis D. prediction
64. ĐỐI THỦ
một người mà bạn đang cố đánh bại He is admired even by his political
trong một cuộc thi/sự kiện thể opponents/adversaries.
opponent thao/trò chơi/đánh nhau/tranh luận/...
/ə'pəʊnənt/ (n) ~ adversary /'ædvəsəri/ (n)
một người/nhóm người/tổ chức/công He finished 39 seconds ahead of his main

ty/... cạnh tranh lẫn nhau trong thể rival.
rival thao/kinh doanh/... This latest design has no rivals/is without
/'raɪvl/ (n) competitor /kəm'petɪtə(r)/ (n) rival (= it is easily the best design
available).
enemy một người phản đối hoặc chống lại - It is rare to find a prominent politician
/'enəmi/ (n) ai/điều gì with few political enemies.
- The lion is the zebra's chief enemy.
một quốc gia hoặc một nhóm đang có an attack by enemy aircraft
chiến tranh với một quốc gia/nhóm
khác
một người/đội đang có cơ hội dành - a strong contender for the gold medal - He
contender chiến thắng trong một cuộc thi hoặc is a top contender for Senate majority
/kən'tendə(r)/ (n) đạt được một vị trí lãnh đạo leader.

This latest defeat means that she’s no longer a rival/contender for the world title.
During the primary elections, McCain was Bush's leading contender/opponent.
The troops had camouflaged themselves so effectively that the enemy/rival didn’t notice them
approaching.
Sophia left her job and went to work for a rival/contender company.
James Moriarty was Sherlock Holmes's mortal contender/enemy. Choose the option A, B, C, or D that
There are several contestants, but only two real ______ for the gold medal.
enemies B. opponents C. contenders D. adversaries
She hit the ball so hard that her ______ had no chance to establish any rhythm in her game. A.
enemy B. contender C. contestant D. opponent
The police believe the fight was due to a dispute between ______ teenage gangs.
adversary B. enemy C. rival D. contender 9. Who was her main ______
for the presidential nomination?
A. opponent B. enemy C. contender D. combatant
She was considered a leading ______ for the party leadership.
enemy B. contender C. opponent D. adversary
The company is well equipped to compete with its international ______.
enemies B. contestants C. contenders D. rivals
In major battles, there was as much chance of a submarine being attacked by its own side as opposed to
the ______.
contender B. enemy C. contestant D. opponent
In both contests, Webb stopped his ______ in the first round with an awesome display of punching.
A. enemies B. combatants C. contenders D. opponents
Birds are the natural ______ of many insect pests.
enemies B. opponents C. adversaries D. contestants
Investors long hoped the company might do the heavy restructuring needed to revive profits and compete
with new ______.
contestants B. contenders C. rivals D. enemies
68. ĐÁNH GIÁ, KIỂM TRA
hình thành một quan điểm về ai đó/điều gì You shouldn't judge her too harshly.
judge
đó dựa trên thông tin mà bạn có: xét, xét
/dʒʌdʒ/(v)
đoán, đánh giá
đưa ra một nhận định về bản chất/phẩm We are trying to assess/evaluate how well
assess chất/chất lượng của ai the system works.
/ə'ses/ (v) đó/cái gì đó: đánh giá ~
evaluate /ɪ'væljueɪt/ (v)
xem xét ai đó/cái gì đó một cách kỹ lưỡng Investigators examined the room
examine để xem có vấn đề gì không hoặc để tìm ra minutely for clues.
/ɪg'zæmin/ (v) nguyên nhân của một vấn đề: khám xét,
xem xét, thẩm tra
đưa ra nhận xét/quan điểm về một cuốn Please rate and review your purchase on
sách/vở kịch/bộ phim/sản phẩm our website.
...
review kiểm tra hoặc xem xét lại cái gì đó một After reviewing the evidence, the judge
/rɪ'vju:/ (v) cách cẩn thận (đặc biệt là để quyết định dismissed the case.
xem có cần thiết phải thay đổi điều gì
không)
~ reassess /,ri:ə'ses/ (v)
Before buying an antique, examine/judge it closely to avoid buying a fake.
Safety procedures are being urgently reviewed/judged after a chemical leak at the factory.
Interviews allow you to review/assess the suitability of candidates.
It’s not for me to judge/examine whether he made the right decision or not.
Researchers evaluated/examined teaching performance by comparing students' exam results.
After judging/reassessing the situation, she decided to do nothing.
As well as being an author, Jane examines/reviews books for the Sunday papers.
I only go to see movies that are ______ favourably.
A. assessed B. evaluated C. examined D. reviewed 9.
The video shows women how to ______ their breasts for cancer.
A. evaluate B. examine C. review D. judge
You should never ______ a person solely on their looks.
judge B. review C. examine D. evaluate
The doctor ______ her body carefully but could find nothing wrong.
examined B. judge C. reviewed D. assessed
The tests are used to ______ individual students' ability and knowledge. A. review B. reassess
C. assess D. lack
Candidates are ______ on their ability to think independently.
reviewed B. examined C. reassessed D. evaluated
77. GIẢM XUỐNG
[nội động từ] trở nên nhỏ hơn về Fertility decreases with age.
decrease
kích cỡ, số lượng,...; People should decrease the amount of fat
/dɪ'kri:s/
[ngoại động từ] làm cho cái gì đó trở nên they eat.
(v)
nhỏ hơn về kích cỡ, sổ lượng,...
decline [nội động từ] trở nên nhỏ hơn, ít hơn, yếu Support for the party
/dɪ'klaɪn/ hơn,... (dùng với lượng hoặc các continues to decline.
83
(v) con số hoặc nói về mức độ hoặc tiêu
chuẩn của cái gì)
reduce [nội động từ, ngoại động từ] làm cho cái The number of employees was reduced from
/rɪ'dju:s/ gì/trở nên ít đi hoặc nhỏ hơn về kích cỡ, 40 to 25.
(v) số lượng, giá cả,...
[nội động từ] trở nên nhỏ hơn, yếu His influence has diminished with time.
hơn,...: giảm, giảm bớt A single-payer system would
diminish diminish the bureaucratic cost of health
[ngoại động từ] làm cho cái gì đó trở nên
/dɪ'mɪnɪʃ/ (v) care.
nhỏ hơn, yếu hơn,...
~ decrease
lower [ngoại động từ] giảm cái gì/điều gì; [nội Please lower your voice.
/'ləʊə(r)/ động từ] trở nên thấp hơn về giá trị, chất Interest rates have been lowered again.
(v) lượng,...
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên The noise began to lessen.
lessen hoặc làm cho cái gì đó/điều gì đó nhỏ A healthy diet can lessen the risk of heart
/'lesn/ (v) hơn, yếu hơn, kém quan trọng hơn,... disease.
~ diminish
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên The temperature has dropped
drop /drop/ hoặc làm cho cái gì/điều gì yếu hơn, thấp considerably.
(v) hơn (giá cả/nhiệt độ ...), ít đi,...: You must drop your speed in built-up areas.
sụt, giảm, hạ
[ngoại động từ, ngoại động từ, thường Food supplies were severely depleted.
dùng ở dạng bị động] giảm cái gì đó với
deplete số lượng lớn nên không còn nhiều; bị
/dɪ'pli:t/ (v) giảm với số lượng lớn (thường nói về
nguồn cung cấp năng lượng, tiền bạc,
thực phẩm,...)
This drug is used to decrease/lower blood pressure.
Intensive fishing is depleting/lessening fish stocks in the North Sea.
The practice actually saved the school money by decreasing/declining the garbage-disposal expenses.
When blood pressure drops/depletes or declines, less blood flows to the brain, leading to fainting.
Her popularity as a singer has depleted/diminished since the glory days of the 2000s.
Too many background details tend to drop/lessen the impact of the central image.
The rate of car exhaust suicides in the United States has lessened/declined since the mid-sixties, when
emission controls were introduced.
They will require car makers to reduce/decline emissions of carbon dioxide by 30%.
The strength of the army was greatly ______ by outbreaks of disease.
dropped B. declined C. diminished D. depleted
If we continue to ______ the earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment.
lower B. deplete C. decline D. drop
She ______ her voice, turned back to Alex, and put a hand on his shoulder. A. lowered B.
decreased C. depleted D. lessened
Symptoms include a dry mouth, ______ appetite, headache, and tiredness.
depleted B. lessened C. dropped D. decreased
The temperature rarely ______ below 30°C here during summer.
diminishes B. lessens C. drops D. depletes
84
79. GIỚI HẠN
[ngoại động từ] ngăn không cho cái gì tăng It's really important to limit the amount
vượt quá một mức độ/hạn mức nhất định of fat in your diet.
limit /'lɪmɪt/ (v)

limit somebody/yourself limit I've limited myself to 1000 calories a
~ restrict /rɪ'strɪkt/ day to try and lose weight.
somebody/yourself to something ngăn
(v) You can use any material available -
không cho bản thân bạn/ai đó có/sử dụng/làm
việc gì mà vượt quá một số lượng/mức độ cụ why limit yourself?
thể
[thường dùng ở dạng bị động] giữ cho bản Let's confine our attention to the
confine problem of illegal drugs.
thân/điều gì ở trong một giới hạn nhất định về
/kən'faɪn/ hoạt động/chủ đề/khu vực/... The work will be confined to the
[v] ~ restrict Glasgow area.
[ngoại động từ] ngăn không cho điều gì tăng The government is taking steps to
restrain trưởng/tăng quá nhiều; hạn chế sự tăng restrain inflation.
/rɪ'streɪn/ trưởng/phát triển của điều gì
[v] ~ bring/get/keep something under control
hạn chế/giới hạn điều gì hoặc làm cho nó xảy Expenditure within the company is
control ra theo một cách cụ thể nào đó tightly controlled.
/kən'trəʊl/ (v) Parents should control what their kids
watch on television.
Higher interest rates appear to be confining/restraining consumer spending.
In many countries, the production of the drug is illegal or tightly controlled/confined.
She was told to restrict/restrain the amount of salt she uses.
The new law confines/limits the number of foreign cars that can be imported.
In the 1970s, the government tried to restrain/confine corruption.
Let’s restrain/confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
Place numbers are restrained/limited to 50 on both tours, so please book early.
Speed is restricted/restrained to 30 mph in towns.
The government has announced new measures to confine/control immigration.
By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine/restrain the disease to the north of the region (=
stop it from spreading to other areas).
A lack of formal education will limit/restrain your job opportunities.
The economy has rebounded a bit, but it is still being confined/restrained by high oil prices.
They tried to improve traffic congestion by restraining/restricting entry to the city.
Some shops were limiting/controlling customers to two loaves of bread each.
A weak labour market means less money to spend on goods and services and thus confine/restrain
economic growth.
Time out is an effective way of controlling/restraining aggressive behaviour.
These small mammals are generally restrained/confined to the south of the island. We've never found
any in the other parts of the island.
80. GIỐNG NHAU
giống nhau hoàn toàn, không khác một Our children go to the same school as
same tí nào (khi so sánh người hay vật với theirs.
/seɪm/ (adj) nhau ta dùng "the same") My twin sister and I
have the same nose.
like giống như (dùng để so sánh), có thể - She's wearing a dress like mine. - She
/laɪk/ (pre) xem giới từ "like" đồng nghĩa với looks nothing like (= not at all like) her
"similar to" mother.
(không đứng trước danh từ) theo một They tried to treat all
alike their children alike.
cách rất giống nhau, rất giống nhau
/ə'laɪk/ (adv/adj) Airports are all alike to me
giống ai đó / cái gì đó nhưng không - The two houses are similar in size. - My
similar
hoàn toàn giống nhau, tương tự teaching style is similar to that of most
/'sɪmələr/ (adj)
other teachers.
giống nhau đến từng chi tiết, giống nhau The two pictures are similar, although not
identical hoàn toàn identical.
/aɪ'dentɪkl/ (adj) This house is almost identical to/with the
one where I lived as a child.
I went and bought myself a new pen just same/like yours.
I noticed that Richard and I were both wearing the same/like jacket.
Frank had a problem connecting his printer. We had a same/similar problem, so it must be the software.
She first showed us a beautiful 16th-century vase. Then she showed us an identical/alike one, but the
second one was a copy.
All the shops are alike/like, and it’s hard to find something different.
The disease attacks the immune system in a(n) identical/similar way to AIDS.
Like/Alike most people, I'd prefer to have enough money not to work.
My father and I have ______ views on politics.
alike B. like C. identical D. similar
Everyone is a unique species because not everyone acts or thinks ______. A. same B. alike
C. similar D. identical
The name on the ticket should be ______ with the one in the passport. A. similar B. like C.
same D. identical
These two colours are not the ______. This one is slightly lighter than that one.
alike B. identical C. same D. similar
The blackbird, ______ most birds, breeds in the spring. A. identical B. similar C. alike
D. like
81. NHỚ, GỢI LẠI

evoke [ngoại động từ] làm cho ai đó nhớ lại The music evoked memories of her youth.
/ɪ'voʊk/ (v) một cảm giác, cảm xúc, gợi lên
reminisce [nội động từ] hồi tưởng, nhớ lại We spent a happy evening
/,remɪ'nɪs/ (v) reminiscing about the past.
[ngoại động từ] +[nội động từ] nhớ I cannot recall a time when the country faced
recall such serious problems.
lại kí ức trong quá khứ và thường mô
/'rɪ:.kɑ:l/ recall what, when, etc.
tả lại những gì nhớ được
(v) Can you recall exactly what happened?
remind [ngoại động từ] nhắc nhở ai, làm cho Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.
/rɪ'maɪnd/ (v) ai đó nhớ lại điều gì họ đã quên hoặc Can you remind us about/of your plans
có thể đã quên
for the building?
remember [ngoại động từ] nhớ, nhớ lại ai, điều remember somebody/something - This is
/rɪ'mem.bə/ (v) gì (trong quá khứ), ghi nhớ điều gì đó Carla. Do you remember her?
(những điều quan trọng) - Remember to call me when you arrive!
The aroma of freshly baked bread in the morning has always evoked/ reminisced memories of his
childhood home.
Stephen frowned, trying to remind/ recall what had happened.
We spent the evening remembering/reminiscing about our university days.
She welcomed him and reminded/ reminisced him of the last time they had met.
Recall/Remember to save your work often, just in case your computer crashes.
I ______ reading something in the paper about that.
remind B. evoke C. remember D. reminisce
The recent flood ______ memories of the great flood of 1972.
evoked B. recalled C. reminded D. remembered
Passengers are ______ to take all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane.
remembered B. evoked C. reminisced D. reminded
Ray and I ate our meal and ______ about the trip.
recalled B. reminisced C. reminded D. remembered
Twenty years later he could still clearly ______ the event. A. remind B. evoke C. recall
D. reminisce
82. GIÀ, CŨ
sống hoặc tồn tại rất nhiều năm; cũ They have a beautiful old farm house in the
(dùng trước danh từ); bao nhiêu tuổi country. Their great grandfather built it.
old He bought me a new car to replace my old
/əʊld/ (adj) one.
Pippa is five years old now.
sống rất nhiều năm (thay thế cho từ old The local council provides services to care
elderly
với sắc thái trang trọng và lịch sự hơn) for elderly people living alone.
/'eldəli/ (adj)
bao nhiêu tuổi (không dùng trước danh - We’re actively recruiting fulltime
từ); rất già/cũ (đứng trước danh từ, volunteers aged between 25 and 40. - My
aged
mang sắc thái trang trọng) wife and I have a place up in the Lake
/eɪdʒd/(adj)
District where we go walking with our aged
dog.
thuộc về một thời kỳ lịch sử đã tồn tại According to the newspaper, the coin
hàng nghìn năm trong quá khứ; đã tồn belonged to an ancient civilization that
ancient flourished in Al-Jouf.
tại trong một khoảng thời gian dài
/'emʃənt/ (adj) The area is still covered by huge ancient
forests.
(dùng để miêu tả đồ đạc, trang He has a superb collection of antique
antique
sức,...) cổ và thường có giá trị clocks. It must be worth ten million pounds.
/æn'ti:k/ (adj)
Circle the best word front the ones given in the brackets to complete each sentence.
When the ancient/aged aunt in question finally makes an appearance in the story, the title assumes its
true dimensions.
In European countries, there might be a large number of antique/elderly people who live alone.
James has sold his aged/old record player.
I'm on a rattly bus which is heading past a huge ancient/aged pyramid.
The building is fully furnished with some of Scotland's finest antique/elderly pieces.
Eventually, they decided to replace existing elderly/aged computers with a new integrated computer
system.
If you have an ______ neighbour or relative, look out for them in the winter months.
antique B. overdue C. ancient D. elderly
Last night they got home at 11:15 p.m. to find more than 30 items of valuable jewellery, including
______ pearls and brooches, stolen.
ancient B. antique C. aged D. junior
She was ______ 85 and had lived for many years across the Irish Sea. A. old B. ancient C.
antique D. aged
This lane coils around villages, past waterfalls and over ______ stone bridges. A. aged B.
antique C. ancient D. elderly
Her clothes were battered, her face bruised and her boots ______, but she held herself proudly.
old B. aged C. ancient D. antique
The table used for massage has ______ and medicinal value because it was made of trees with medicinal
value.
elderly B. ancient C. antique D. old
The people in the village still observe the ______ customs of their ancestors. A. elderly B. aged
C. ancient D. antique
The ______ people who stay active are usually the healthiest and the happiest. A. ancient B.
antique C. bygone D. elderly 15. She's getting ______ - she's 75 next year.
old B. ancient C. elderly D. antique
Very old pieces with their original finish should usually not be repainted or refinished as you may
remove the indications of their authenticity and ______ value. A. elderly B. antique C. aged
D. mature
They believed ______ Greece and Rome were vital sources of learning.
A. antique B. ancient C. aged D. elderly 18.
Alan has two children, ______ eleven and nine.
A. aged B. old C. elderly D. ancient
ở trong khoảng không gian tách biệt I sat down between Jo and Diana.
giữa 2 (hoặc hơn) người/đồ vật/... Switzerland lies between France,
between
(nếu những người/việc/đồ vật này là Germany, Austria, and Italy.
/bɪ'twi:n/ (prep.) những thứ hoàn toàn
tách biệt)
trong khoảng thời gian tách biệt giữa Don’t eat between meals.
2 ngày/năm/sự kiện/...
được dùng để chỉ ra một mối liên hệ There was a lot of bad feeling
hoặc quan hệ between them.
được bao quanh bởi ai/cái gì; ở giữa - a house among the trees - It's
ai/cái gì (thường là những người/vật OK, you’re among friends now.
tách biệt nhưng có điểm tương
đồng)
được tính đến hoặc đang xảy ra giữa He was among the last to leave.
among /ə'mʌŋ/ amongst /ə'mʌŋst/ những nhóm người/việc This attitude is common among the
(prep.) under-25s.
được dùng khi bạn đang lựa chọn They divided the money up among
hoặc phân chia cái gì giữa một their three children.
nhóm từ 3 người/vật trở lên
giữa chừng của việc gì/trong bầu He finished his speech
không khí của việc gì đang diễn ra amid tremendous applause.
(đặc biệt là những việc mà có thể
amid /ə'mɪd/ amidst /ə'mɪdst/ (prep.) gây ra sự hào hứng hoặc sợ
hãi)
ở giữa hoặc được bao quanh bởi cái He was sitting amid the trees.
gì (có thể là giữa những thứ A reaper is working amid the
tách biệt hoặc một khối không phân grain.
biệt)
in the middle a lake with an island in the middle
in the middle of something ở The phone rang in the middle
giữa/trung tâm of the night.
middle giữa điều gì I have a pain in the middle of my
back.
/'mɪdl/ (n) be in the middle of
I'm in the middle of writing a
something/of doing something đang
difficult letter
bận làm việc gì
* Note: between vs. among

- Khi nói về vị trí, among thường được sử dụng khi có từ 2 người/vật trở lên ở xung quanh ai đó/thứ gì;
between thường được sử dụng khi chỉ có 1 người/vật ở mỗi bên của ai đó/thứ gì. They hid among the
trees.
I put my bad down between my feet.
- Between được sử dụng khi nói đến những cá nhân hoặc những thứ tách biệt và riêng biệt (không quan
trọng về số lượng). Among được sử dụng khi nói đến những thứ/người mang tính tập thể hoặc người/vật
không được đề cập đến một cách cụ thể. a treaty between nations
the restaurant between my house and my work
among many others no
honour among thieves
This chicken isn’t cooked among/in the middle.
The firm collapsed among/amid allegations of fraud.
We walked among/in the middle the chestnut woods on the mountain slopes.
You can't leave in the middle of/between the meeting!
The town lies halfway between/amid Rome and Florence.
A British woman was amid/among the few passengers who survived after the crash.
Are there any public holidays in the middle of/between Christmas and Easter?
They were amid/in the middle of dinner when I called.
There is a link amid/between unemployment and crime.
The king was growing old and thought to divide his kingdom among/amid his five daughters.
The hotel was in a beautiful position amid/in the middle lemon groves.
Someone phoned when I was among/in the middle of bathing the baby.
The paper had fallen down ______ the desk and the wall.
A. among B. between C. in the middle D. amid 14.
This is my class photo - she’s the one ______.
A. amid B. in the middle C. between D. among
It was also indicated that the grant will be divided ______ the six participating institutions. A.
among B. into C. in the middle D. amid
Scientists have established a connection ______ cholesterol levels and heart disease.
in the middle of B. among C. amid D. between
A senior leader cancelled a trip to Britain yesterday ______ growing signs of possible political crisis.
A. amid B. between C. into D. among
He was studying the similarities and differences ______ humans and animals. A. in the middle
B. amid C. between D. among
The prime minister was ______ the 300 people who attended the prince's funeral.
between B. among C. in the middle D. amid
The cabins stand in their own picket-fenced patch of grass ______ beautiful countryside. A. between
B. into C. among D. amid
A lot of students spend a year abroad in ______ school and university.
between B. amid C. in the middle D. among
Children were changing classrooms ______ laughter and shouts.
into B. among C. between D. amid 23. The noise woke us up ______ the night.
A. among B. in the middle of C. amid D. between
24. "What was wrong with the job? - "Well, the pay wasn’t good, ______ other things."
A. between B. amid C. in the middle of D. among
86. GỢI Ý
[C] một ý tưởng hoặc kế hoạch mà bạn đề cập I'd like to hear your suggestions for
đến để cho ai đó cân nhắc: sự đề xuất, gợi ý ways of raising money.
suggestion
[U, C, usually singular] một điều (một dấu There was no suggestion that he was
/sə'dʒestʃən/ (n) hiệu/khả năng/... không rõ ràng hoặc mơ hồ) doing anything illegal.
chỉ ra sự tồn tại của một việc gì
đó (thường là việc gì xấu)
điều gì mà bạn nói hoặc làm một cách gián He gave a broad hint (= one that was
tiếp để cho người khác thấy điều bạn đang obvious) that he was thinking of
hint nghĩ retiring.
/hɪnt/ (n) * take a/the hint: hiểu điều mà ai đó muốn Can’t you take a hint and leave me
bạn làm cho dù họ nói với bạn về alone?
điều đó một cách gián tiếp
dâu hiệu cho điều gì sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai The opening scene gives us a hint of
~ sign things to come.
[C, U] một dấu hiệu/bình luận/sự kiện/... chỉ There are clear indications that the
ra rằng một điều gì đó đang xảy ra hoặc điều economy is improving.
indication
ai đó đang nghĩ/cảm thấy hoặc điều gì là
/,ɪndɪ'keɪʃn/ (n)
đúng: sự biểu lộ, sự biểu thị, dấu hiệu
implication [C, U] điều gì được gợi ý hoặc gián tiếp thể He criticized the Director and, by
/,ɪmplɪ'keɪʃn/ (n) hiện (điều gì được ẩn ý, không nói implication, the whole of the
ra/thể hiện trực tiếp): ấn ý organization.
Dark green leaves are a good indication/implication of healthy roots.
I have a suggestion/hint. call the store and ask them about it.
I was offended by his sign/implication that women can't be good at mathematics.
"Look, I can’t tell you the answer.” - "Oh, come one, give me a hint/suggestion."
There is no implication/suggestion that he was involved in any wrongdoing.
They left at the first hint/implication of trouble.
The researchers say they can find no ______ that television has harmful physical effects on children.
A. indication B. implication C. hint D. suggestion
The law bans organized protests and, by ______, any form of opposition. A. sign B. indication
C. implication D. hint
Police said there was no ______ of foul play and that the death was the result of an accident. A.
suggestion B. mention C. recommendation D. implication
Is that nod a(n) ______ of your agreement?
A. suggestion B. indication C. hint D. implication 11.
Peter ignored my ______ that he should try phoning her again.
A. indication B. implication C. suggestion D. sign
12. The ______ is his article is that being a housewife is greatly inferior to every other occupation.
A. implication B. hint C. indication D. sign 13. They haven’t announced
their wedding officially, but they have dropped several ______.
A. suggestions B. indications C. hints D. signs
14. There is some ______ that the intruder was the same person who killed Sarah.
A. implication B. suggestion C. recommendation D. mention 15.
You have to be blunt with him. He can’t take a(n) ______.
A. indication B. suggestion C. implication D. hint
Taking a career history along with you to the interview will be a clear ______ that you are well
organized.
suggestion B. implication C. indication D. hint
He agreed with my ______ that we should change the date.
indication B. hint C. implication D. suggestion
In refusing to believe our story, he is saying by ______ that we are lying. A. hint B. sign C.
suggestion D. implication
Her evaluation will give me a good ______ of where I stand in the class. A. indication B.
suggestion C. implication D. hint
We shall have to turn back if there's the slightest ______ of fog.
suggestion B. hint C. indication D. implication
88. HOÃN, LÀM CHẬM LẠI
retard something Continuing violence will retard
retard làm cho sự phát triển hoặc sự tiến triển của negotiations over the country’s
/rɪ'tɑ:d/ một điều gì chậm lại ~ delay future.
(v) ~ slow
[ngoại động từ] làm cho ai đó/việc gì bị Thousands of commuters were delayed for
muộn hoặc khiến họ làm việc gì chậm hơn over an hour.
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] không làm Don't delay - call us today!
delay việc gì ngay lập tức hoặc theo như kế
/dɪ'leɪ/ (v) hoạch mà chờ tới thời gian sau đó mới làm;
làm cho việc gì xảy ra tại thời điểm muộn
hơn
~ defer
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] đi hoặc làm Economic growth has slowed a little.
slow
cho ai/việc gì đi ở một tốc độ chậm hơn
/sləʊ/ (v)
hoặc ít tích cực hơn
sắp xếp cho một sự kiện/cuộc họp/... diễn The game has already been
ra tại một thời gian/ngày muộn hơn so với postponed three times.
postpone
ban đầu: hoãn (cho đến khi...) ~ put off
/pə'spəʊn/ (v)
detain somebody I’m sorry I’m late - I was unavoidably

detain làm cho ai bị muộn (một khoảng thời gian detained.
/dɪ'teɪn/ ngắn) The minister was unavoidably
(v) ~ delay hoặc ngăn không cho họ đi đâu detained in Lisbon on affairs of state.

His arrival was seriously retarded/delayed by a late train.
We were detained/deferred in traffic and arrived at the theatre a little late.
The progression of the disease can be deferred/retarded by early surgery.
Don’t delay/slow - write in now for your chance of a free gift.
95
Bill slowed/postponed his pace to allow her to catch up with him.
He decided to detain/postpone the expedition until the following day. Choose the option A, B, C, or D
The economy has ______ enough for some analysts to predict a recession. A. deferred B.
detained C. postponed D. slowed
The train was unavoidably ______ after a small avalanche had blocked the line.
postponed B. delayed C. put off D. retarded
(In a job interview) I won't ______ you for much longer, Miss Reid. There are just a few more questions
that I need to ask you.
detain B. defer C. postpone D. slow
The game has been ______ from Wednesday night to Friday night.
slowed B. postponed C. retarded D. detained 11. Cold weather ______ the growth of many
plants.
A. defers B. postpones C. retards D. detains
12. They’re ______ marriage or, increasingly, not getting married at all.
A. slowing B. retarding C. delaying D. detaining 13.
Traffic ______ to a crawl during rush hours.
A. slows B. detains C. defers D. postpones
Ah! I comprehend. Well, I need not ______ you any further.
slow B. defer C. retard D. detain
Food additives perform many valuable functions like increasing flavour, adding extra minerals or other
nutrients, and ______ spoilage.
detaining B. deferring C. retarding D. postponing
They ______ having children, for the usual reason, to establish their careers.
delayed B. detained C. retarded D. slowed
We'll have to ______ a decision until we have all the information.
retard B. slow C. postpone D. detain
The lack of a rail link ______ the town's development.
postponed B. retarded C. deferred D. detained 19. She ______ the car and began driving up
a narrow road.
A. defers B. detains C. slows D. postpones 20.
The problems have ______ the progress of the program.
A. detained B. deferred C. postponed D. retarded
92. HUẤN LUYỆN, GIÁO DỤC, ĐÀO TẠO
[ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] giảng, dạy teach science/maths/history etc
giúp học sinh có được kiến thức thông qua việc teach something/somebody
cung cấp thông tin về nó teach something to somebody - She
teach [ngoại động từ] hướng dẫn, chỉ cách cho người teaches them English.
/ti:tʃ/ (v) khác để họ có thể tự làm việc gì đó. My mother teaches me how to cook.
Schools should teach children
about healthy eating.
[ngoại động từ] giáo dục, dạy ai đó, thường là educate someone at/in something - All
trong vài năm, đặc biệt là tại một trường học, their children have been educated
trường cao đẳng hoặc đại học (thường chia ở privately.
dạng bị động) The government say they are trying to
educate [ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] cung cấp cho do more to educate the public about
/'eʤ.u.keɪt/ (v) ai đó kiến thức cần thiết hoặc hữu ích về điều the consequences of drug abuse.
gì educate somebody to do
something
[ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] đào tạo cho The crew are well trained to deal with
kỹ năng và cách thực hiện một việc hay hành emergencies.
động nào đó They train dogs to sniff out drugs.
train train
/treɪn/ somebody as/in/for something - The
(v) students are being trained for careers
in big business.
[ngoại động từ] huấn luyện ai đó chơi thể thao, He has coached the team for five
hoàn thành công việc tốt hơn hoặc nâng cao kỹ years.
coach Her father coached her for the
năng (đặc biệt là các kĩ năng thể hiện trước
/kəʊtʃ/ Olympics.
đám đông), đặc biệt là hình thức là tư nhân
(v) Youngsters will be coached in the
basics of the game.
I'll be educating/teaching history and sociology next term.
He was educated/taught at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge.
I had to take an aptitude test before I began coaching/training as a nurse.
I've been invited to coach/train the under-eleven rugby team.
Our job is to teach/educate young people to think about the environment.
My uncle is going to teach/educate me how to drive this summer.
I had to coach/train myself to be more assertive at work.
If you're wondering how to ______ a dog with a specific behavior, one of the most effective methods is
to give them treats, praise, or affection.
A. coach B. educate C. teach D. train
That is a stage school where they ______ children in singing and dancing.
95. KHẢ NĂNG
capacity khả năng để hiểu hoặc làm gì đó A habit becomes an addiction
/kə'pæsəti/ (n) when it reduces our capacity to
enjoy life.
ability hiện thực mà ai đó/cái gì đó có thể làm được điều This program has the ability to
/ə'bɪləti/ (n) gì adapt to its user.
một việc mà có thể sẽ xảy ra hoặc trở thành hiện There's a strong possibility that it
possibility thực; hiện thực mà một việc gì đó có thể sẽ xảy will rain.
/,pɒsə'bɪləti/ (n) ra hoặc thành hiện thực (nhưng không chắc
chắn)
likelihood khả năng mà một điều gì đó có thể xảy ra ~ Using a seatbelt will reduce the
/'laɪklihʊd/ probability /,prɒbə'bɪləti/ (n) likelihood of serious injury in a
(n) [U] car accident.
prospect khả năng mà một điều gì đó (tốt đẹp) có thể sẽ Is there any immediate
/'prɒs.pekt/ (n) xảy ra trong tương lai prospect of peace in this
area?
He had no doubts about his team's ability/likelihood to reach the World Cup finals.
There is every capacity/prospect of an economic recovery next year.
Taking regular exercises reduces the likelihood/ability of a heart attack.
These questions are too difficult. They're beyond the capacity/possibility of most the students in this
class.
We cannot exclude the ability/possibility that another person may have been involved.
The rain will make the capacity/probability of a postponement even greater. Choose the option A, B, C,
or D that best fits the sentence.
There is every ______ that more jobs will be lost later this year.
likelihood B. capacity C. improbability D. ability
The system has the ______ to run more than one program at the same time.
probability B. likelihood C. ability D. possibility 9. Is there any ______ of
the weather improving?
A. impossibility B. capacity C. ability D. prospect 10.
It seems to be beyond his ______ to follow simple instructions.
A. likelihood B. capacity C. possibility D. prospect
11. It's not likely to happen but I wouldn't rule out the ______.
A. likelihood B. capacity C. possibility D. prospect 12.
His ______ for learning languages astonished me.
A. capacity B. ability C. likelihood D. possibility
If she left early each morning and came home late at night, there was very little ______ of her meeting
Leo.
likelihood B. capacity C. impossibility D. ability
This is a one-year appointment, with the ______ of renewal for an additional year.
capacity B. ability C. possibility D. unlikelihood 15. Do you think it’s within his
______ to do the job without making a mess of it?
A. prospect B. possibility C. capacity D. likelihood
They must face the ______ that the newspaper might go bankrupt.
impossibility B. likelihood C. ability D. capacity
He suffered a stroke in 2008, which left him unable to speak, but his mental ______ wasn’t affected.
likelihood B. capacity C. prospect D. possibility 18. Major developments
are in ______ for the company.
A. prospect B. ability C. impossibility D. capacity
19. I’m excited about the ______ of going to the Olympics.
A. impossibility B. capacity C. ability D. possibility 20.
He has the ______ to bring out the best in others.
A. likelihood B. ability C. possibility D. prospect
97. KHÁCH
khách hàng, người mua hàng hóa, Shops were lowering prices to attract more
customer dịch vụ, sản phẩm từ cửa hàng hoặc customers.
/'kʌstəmər/ (n) doanh nghiệp The company rewards loyal
customers with discounts.
khách hàng, một người sử dụng các She's a well-known lawyer with many famous
client dịch vụ hoặc lời khuyên, tư vấn đến clients.
/'klaɪənt/ từ một cá nhân (thường là luật sư) We will advise the client on the best way to
(n) hoặc tổ chức chuyên nghiệp solve the problem.
- khách hàng, người thuê khách sạn Guests should vacate their rooms by 10.30
hoặc ở một nơi tạm thời - khách mời a.m.
đến nhà hay một sự kiện mà bạn là She had invited six guests to dinner.
guest /gest/ (n) Movie star Matt Damon is one of the special
người tổ chức, trả tiền, ngoài ra còn
là khách mời ở các sự kiện nghệ guests on tonight's show.
thuật
hành khách, một người đang di - airline/rail/train/car passengers - The boat
passenger chuyển trên một phương tiện nhưng was carrying more than 100 passengers.
/'pæsɪndʒə(r)/ (n) không lái nó, hoặc làm
việc trên đó
The defending lawyer asked that the charge against his customer/client be dismissed.
Supermarkets use a variety of tactics to attract and retain customers/clients.
The ceremony will take place before 10,000 invited VIP passengers/guests.
Two other passengers/guests in the car suffered serious injuries.
He’s a sports agent and has a lot of basketball players as clients/guests.
They only use the dining room when they have clients/guests.
There are a large number of potential customers/guests for the new product.
The shop is giving away a sample pack to every ______.
guest B. passenger C. customer D. client
Surgery opening will be extended to 8 pm for ______ by appointment. A. clients B. customers
C. passengers D. guests
We would like to remind all our ______ to leave their keys at reception before they depart.
customers B. guests C. clients D. passengers 11. All ______ for flight
LH103 please proceed to gate 16.
A. clients B. guests C. customers D. passengers
12. Our special ______ on the program tonight is Robert de Niro.
A. customer B. guest C. passenger D. client

112. LỄ, NGHI LỄ
một sự kiện xã hội đặc biệt, The winners will be honoured
chẳng hạn như một bữa tiệc để at a celebration in Boston next week. -
ăn mừng, khi bạn tổ chức, kỷ wedding/victory/birthday celebrations
celebration niệm một điều gì đó in celebration of something
/,sel.ə'breɪ.ʃən/ (n) hành động kỷ niệm, tổ
chức một cái gì đó
nghi thức, nghi lễ, một dịp an awards/opening ceremony

trang trọng để ghi nhận một sự a wedding/marriage/graduation ceremony - They
ceremony
kiện quan trọng nào đó were married in a simple ceremony. - She was last
/'ser.ə.mə.ni/ (n)
(thường mang tính truyền seen in public at the closing ceremony of the
thống và ổn định) Commonwealth Games
ngày kỉ niệm, lễ kỉ niệm (một The company is celebrating its 100-year
ngày mà chúng ta nhớ hoặc kỷ anniversary this year.
anniversary niệm một điều gì đó quan on the anniversary of his wife's death
/,æn.ə'vɜ:.sə.i/ (n) trọng đã xảy ra vào ngày đó
trong một năm
trước đó)
RMIT Vietnam holds annual graduation anniversaries/ceremonies in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi.
Let's buy some champagne in celebration/ceremony of her safe arrival.
We are planning a dinner to celebrate the 50th ceremony/anniversary of the founding of the company.
The ending of the war is not a cause for ceremony/celebration, but rather for regret that it ever happened.
We have no details of who was invited to attend or who was present at the opening
ceremony/celebration.
Tomorrow's parade will mark the 50th ceremony/anniversary of the battle.
118. LOẠI BỎ
[ngoại động từ] tháo, bỏ dọn, lấy ra, The men came to remove the rubbish from the
loại bỏ backyard.
remove
[ngoại động từ] xua đuổi sạch (sự sợ Hearing your opinion has removed my last
/rɪ'mu:v/ hãi, mối nghi ngờ...) doubts/suspicions about her.
(v) She has been removed from her post/position
[ngoại động từ] đuổi, cách chức
as director.
loại bỏ ai, cái gì phiền toái, khó chịu, Try and get rid of your visitors before I get
get rid of there.
vứt bỏ những gì không mong muốn
(collocation) We got rid of all the old furniture.
[ngoại động từ] trừ diệt, loại bỏ hoàn We are determined to eradicate racism from
eradicate toàn cái gì đó xấu, tồi tệ our sport.
/ɪ'ræd.ɪ.keɪt/ (v) The government claims to be doing all it can
to eradicate corruption.
[ngoại động từ] loại ra, loại bỏ ai, cái We eliminated the possibility that it could
gì (vị họ/cái đó không có liên quan đến, have been an accident.
eliminate không có trách nhiệm đến hoặc không He was eliminated in the third round of the
/i'lɪm.ə.neɪt/ (v) cần đến) competition.
[ngoại động từ] loại bỏ, đánh bại A police officer was accused of helping
ai khỏi cuộc thi a drug gang eliminate rivals.
- [ngoại động từ] trừ khử, sát hại ai đó

delete [ngoại động từ] gạch bỏ, xóa bỏ I deleted the entire paragraph.
/dɪ'li:t/ (chữ đã viết, đã gõ, dữ liệu...,) Your name has been deleted from the list.
(v)
[ngoại động từ] gôm, tẩy, xóa (thường It's in pencil so you can just erase anything
erase là vết bút chì) that's wrong.
/ɪ'reɪs/ [ngoại động từ] xóa mờ đi cảm xúc, kí He is determined to erase the memory of a
(v) ức, một khoảng thời gian (đã trôi qua) disappointing debut two years ago.

We finally got rid of/removed my little sister by telling her scary stories.
The disease that once claimed millions of lives has now been eradicated/erased.
We've removed/eliminated the possibility that the fire was started deliberately.
She accidentally deleted/erased one of her computer files.
She eradicated/removed the dirty dishes from the table.
They are determined to get rid of/erase the bad memories of last year's defeats.
She hired an assassin to remove/eliminate her rival.
All the English teams were ______ in the early stages of the competition.
A. removed B. eliminated C. eradicated D. gotten rid of 9.
I ______ your last email by mistake—could you send it again?
A. eradicated B. erased C. deleted D. eliminated 10.
I used weedkiller to ______ the weeds in the garden.
A. eliminate B. remove C. delete D. get rid of
I kept changing my mind and ______ my answers on the test.
erasing B. eradicating C. removing D. eliminating
Officials who were involved in the scandal were ______ from office.
deleted B. eliminated C. removed D. gotten rid of
Effective action is needed to ______ terrorism, drug-trafficking, and corruption.
remove B. eradicate C. erase D. get rid of
The police have ______ two suspects from their investigation.
eliminated B. eradicated C. gotten rid of D. removed
119. LỖI
một hành động/một quan điểm/một quyết It would be a mistake to ignore his opinion.
định không đúng hoặc gây ra kết quả mà This dress was an expensive mistake.
mistake bạn không mong muốn hoặc
/mɪ'steɪk/ không như dự kiến: sai lầm
(n) một từ hoặc một con số bị nói hoặc viết sai: Her essay was full of spelling mistakes.
lỗi ~ error I’ve discovered a few mistakes in your
calculations.
lỗi: một từ/con số/... bị viết hoặc nói sai, đặc I think you have made an error in calculating
biệt là lỗi mà gây ra các vấn đề hoặc ảnh the total.
error hưởng lên kết quả của cái gì a glaring error (= a mistake that is very
/'erə(r)/ *error là từ thay thế mang sắc thái trang obvious)
trọng cho từ mistake Almost all accidents start with a simple error
(n) [C, U]
*error chủ yếu được dùng khi nói về máy by the pilot.
tính hoặc trong một số cụm từ cố
định (human error, hard error, soft error,
margin of error, sampling error, standard
error). Trong ngôn ngữ hàng ngày, mistake
thường được dùng.
[U] nếu việc gì sai đã xảy ra hoặc được It's nobody’s fault.
thực hiện mà là lỗi của bạn thì bạn phải I think the owners are at fault (=
chịu trách nhiệm cho điều đó và bạn đáng responsible) for not warning us.
trách bởi vì bạn đã mắc sai Many people live in poverty through no fault
lầm/mắc lỗi/không làm được việc gì: lỗi of their own.
fault
[C] thứ gì không đúng hoặc không hoàn The engine has a serious fault.
/fɔ:lt/(n)
hảo; thứ gì của một cái máy/hệ thống bị sai The system, for all its faults (= in spite of its
mà làm cho cái máy đó hoặc hệ thống đó faults), is the best available at the moment.
không còn hoạt động chính
xác nữa: lỗi
~ defect
Khuyết điểm, khiếm khuyết (một lỗi ở a defect in the glass
trong cái gì đó hoặc ở cách mà nó được tạo a defect of her character
defect
ra nên khiến nó không hoàn hảo) The child had a mild heart defect
/'di:fekt/
He had a speech defect (= an incorrect way
(n)
of saying certain sounds) which made it quite
difficult to understand him.
một lỗi trong thứ gì đó mà khiến nó không It took me a long time to find the flaw in her
chính xác không hoạt động chính xác logic.
~ defect, fault
flaw
/flɔ:/ (n) flaw (in something) Unfortunately, this plate has a slight flaw in
một lỗi hoặc một vết vỡ nhỏ trong một thứ it.
gì đó mà làm cho nó kém hấp dẫn
hơn hoặc ít giá trị đi
một lỗi nhỏ, thường là do không cẩn thận His team cannot afford any slips.
slip hoặc không chú ý (lỗi nhỏ nhưng có thể gây There were a few slips in the translation.
/slip/ (n) ngượng hoặc bối rối) a slip of the tongue

The fire was caused by an electrical error/fault.
The report reveals fatal flaws/slips in security at the airport.
This product is no longer on sale because of a manufacturing defect/mistake.
I’ve made a mistake/defect - it should say £230, not £320.
NASA discovered a mathematical fault/error in its calculations.
Buying the farm was the biggest defect/mistake of his life.
The vase is in excellent condition except for a few small errors/flaws in its base.
It was his fault/flaw that we were late.
She’s made one or two slips/flaws in her essay - mainly spelling errors - but it’s basically well written.
There seemed to be some mistake/fault with the cooling system. Choose the option A, B, C, or D that
It’s his own stupid ______ his car was stolen - he should have kept it locked. A. defect B. flaw
C. fault D. error
If you draw or write in pencil, you can always rub out your ______ with an eraser.
mistakes B. faults C. defects D. flaws

All the cars are tested for ______ before they leave the factory. A. mistakes B. defects C.
errors D. slips
No payments were made last week because of a computer ______.
error B. flaw C. fault D. defect
I called her new boyfriend by her previous boyfriend’s name - it was just a(n) ______ of the tongue.
error B. fault C. defect D. slip 16. It was a ______ for us to come here tonight.
A. fault B. defect C. flaw D. mistake
Some engineers detected serious design ______ that would cause the engine to explode. A. flaws
B. slips C. mistakes D. errors
He had committed a grave ______ in letting them see the document.
defect B. error C. slip D. flaw
Molly knew she could not afford to make a single ______.
fault B. flaw C. defect D. slip
I have an apology to make to you - I’m afraid I opened your letter by ______
error B. mistake C. flaw D. defect
The ______ was with the organizers, who failed to make the necessary arrangements for dealing with so
many people.
fault B. error C. mistake D. flaw 22. Laura was born with a rare heart ______.
A. error B. defect C. slip D. mistake
For all the ______ in our education system, it is still better than that in many other countries.
errors B. mistakes C. faults D. slips
I sometimes use vintage fabrics, and these tend to have ______: small marks, fading, tiny pinholes are all
typical of vintage fabric.
flaws B. errors C. slips D. mistakes
120. LỪA GẠT
lừa ai (bằng cách dùng kỹ xảo hoặc mưu She tricked her way into their house by
trick pretending to be a police officer.
kế) để lấy được cái gì từ họ hoặc khiến họ
/trɪk/ (v) He tricked me into lending him £100.
làm điều gì
lừa một người mà họ tin tưởng bạn (bằng That company deceived customers by selling
cách thay đổi/bóp méo sự thật hoặc thực old phones as new ones.
tế) She deceived him into handing over all his
deceive savings.
/dɪ'si:v/ (v)
lừa dối chồng/vợ/bạn trai/bạn gái... ~ Her husband has been deceiving her with at
cheat (on somebody) least two other women for years.
One of them became pregnant.
lừa ai để khiến họ tin vào điều gì đó bằng He fooled her into thinking he’s going to
cách dùng mưu kế đơn giản nhưng thông change.
fool minh
/fu:l/ (v) nói hoặc làm những điều ngu ngốc hoặc He's always getting into trouble for fooling
ngớ ngẩn (thường để khiến người khác around in class.
cười)
lừa ai bằng cách cung cấp cho họ thông tin The agents were accused of misleading
mislead
sai hoặc không đầy đủ untalented, gullible people into thinking
/,mɪs'li:d/
they can become successful musicians.
(v)
lừa ai, thường là bằng cách khiến họ tham Many elderly people have been duped into
dupe /dju:p/ (v)
gia hoặc làm những việc mà họ buying worthless insurance.

không có ý định làm trước đó (động từ
này thường hay được dùng ở dạng bị
động)
lừa ai để họ không thể nhận/giữ những thứ Illegal workers are often cheated by
mà họ có quyền được nhận/giữ employers.
gian lận (hành động một cách không trung She cheated in the test by copying from the
cheat thực đế thắng hoặc dành được lợi thế boy in front.
/t∫li:t/ (v) trong một cuộc thi/kì thi/trận đấu...)
lừa dối chồng/vợ/bạn trai/bạn gái... ~ Jack is cheating on his wife.

deceive
Josh deceived/cheated on his grandparents into giving him cash for his phone bills.
Shoppers are being fooled around/duped into handing over thousands of pounds by a gang of street
vendors who claim to be collecting money for children's wheelchairs.
I’m wondering though, what made you cheat/trick if you love him so much? Is he not good enough for
you?
Claire tricked/cheated on a man into inviting her to a party where the CEO was present.
Public education and the media mislead/cheat us into thinking America is a just and fair country.
She had been cheating/fooling herself into thinking she can remain indifferent.
Choose the option A, B, c, or D that best fits the sentence.
The athlete ______ and through his dishonesty he won a gold medal and earned a considerable amount of
money.
cheated B. deceived C. duped D. mislead
All through the winter in Spain, Mary ______ her husband while she was seeing another man. A.
misled B. cheated C. deceived D. duped
He used his charm to _____ the old lady out of everything he could get from her. A. fool B.
cheat C. dupe D. deceive
The electricity is out. Some idiot has been ______ around with the electricity supply.
cheating B. deceiving C. fooling D. misleading 11. He managed to
______ his way past the security guards. A. mislead B. trick C. fool
D. deceive
122. LUẬT, QUY TẮC

[C] (về một hoạt động/trò chơi) luật lệ hoặc According to the rules of the game,
nguyên tắc để hướng dẫn những điều được you have to miss a turn.
rule
làm/không được làm trong một tình huống cụ
/ru:l/ (n)
thể hoặc khi chơi một trò chơi
law luật/hệ thống luật được đề ra để vận hành một There are laws against drinking in the
/lɔ:/ (n) xã hội/đất nước street.
những tiêu chuẩn/quy phạm về hành vi mang She considers people to be products
norm tính đặc trưng hoặc được chấp nhận trong một of the values and norms of the society
/nɔ:m/ (n) nhóm hoặc một xã hội cụ thể they live in.

[C, thường ở dạng số nhiều] một quy The government is under pressure to
regulation định/điều lệ/quy tắc được đưa ra bởi chính phủ relax censorship regulations.
/,regju'leɪʃn/ (n) hoặc một một cơ quan chức năng nào đó
[U] những nguyên tắc về những hành vi đúng legal etiquette

đắn hoặc lịch sự giữa các thành viên của một How good is your email
etiquette
ngành nghề cụ thể hoặc một khía cạnh của một etiquette?
/'etɪkət/, /'etɪket/ (n)
hành vi: phép xã giao, quy ước, nghi lễ, nghi
thức
principle nguyên tắc đạo đức/phép tắc/phương châm xử I refuse to lie about it; it’s against my
/'prɪnsəpl/ thế/niềm tin chi phổi các hành động của principles.
(n) một ai đó

It is important to understand the particular group norms/laws that emerge to govern individual behaviour.
Social etiquette/law dictates that men cannot sit while women are standing.
The company’s actions violated the rule/law on equal employment.
The sport has strict rules/principles for player safety.
He doesn't invest in the arms industry on rule/principle.
There will be stricter norms/regulations dictating which foods are allowed in schools.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence,
She considers it poor ______ to invite people over and then cancel just the day before.
law B. rule C. etiquette D. principle
Doing what’s right appears to be more of a concern for him than for the average person; his platform is
strongly governed by his personal ______.
rules B. principles C. norms D. laws 9. In such matters, social and cultural
______ can dictate people’s behaviour.
A. norms B. laws C. bonds D. rules
10. The government has introduced some tough new ______ on food hygiene.
A. norms B. principles C. etiquette D. laws 11.
Tackling a player without the ball is against the ______.
A. rules B. norms C. principles D. laws 12. He didn’t cover
up for his former friend because it was against his ______.
A. etiquette B. laws C. norms D. principles
13. To comply with government hygiene ______, there must be a separate sink for handwashing.
A. principles B. etiquette C. regulations D. norms
123. LƯƠNG, THU NHẬP
[C, U] số tiền mà một người/một Tourism is a major source of income for the
vùng/một quốc gia/... kiếm được hằng area.
income
tuần/hằng tháng/hằng năm từ việc làm
/'ɪnkʌm/ or
(salary/wage), từ việc đầu tư tiền, từ
/'ɪnkəm/ (n)
việc kinh doanh,...: thu nhập
[C] số tiền cố định (thường được trả She’s on an annual salary of £35.000.
hằng tháng) mà một người nhận được để
salary
làm một công việc (đặc biệt dành cho
/'sæləri/
những người làm việc ở văn phòng hoặc
(n)
những người làm những công việc cần

được đào tạo như giảng viên, quản lý
hay bác
sĩ): tiền lương
[C] số tiền mà ai đó được trả hằng Workers in these stores
ngày/hằng tuần/hằng tháng để làm một earn a good wage.
wage công việc nào đó hoặc một dịch vụ nào
/weɪdʒ/ (n) đó (đặc biệt dùng cho ai đó làm một
công việc yêu cầu về thể
lực): tiền lương/tiền công
[U] số tiền mà ai đó nhận được để làm Her job is hard work, but the pay is good.
pay
một công việc nào đó thường xuyên:
/peɪ/ (n)
tiền lương * pay mang nghĩa
chung chung nhất trong số ba từ pay,
wage, và salary.
pension [C] một số tiền được trả thường xuyên He is now retired and on a pension.
/'penʃn/ bởi chính phủ/công ty/... cho một người
(n) đã nghỉ hưu: lương hưu
tiền được trả bởi chính phủ cho những Sophia was on the dole (= without a job)
dole
người thất nghiệp: trợ cấp thất nghiệp for eight months before she got a job.
/dəʊl/ (n)
[C] một số tiền được trả thường xuyên Your monthly stipend is calculated to cover
stipend cho ai đó như là tiền lương (đặc biệt your basic expenses only, such as
/'staɪpend/ (n) dùng cho linh mục) hoặc tiền để sinh accommodation, meals, and phone bill.
sổng
His parents have a combined annual income/dole of more than £350.000. Both are successful lawyers.
The scholarship program provides monthly stipend/income for chosen postgraduate students to study in
the UK which covers basic living expenses.
Her monthly take-home dole/pay after taxes is £2.600.
For many teachers at state schools, monthly salaries/pensions do not cover their daily needs.
At the time, Josh was earning about nine times more than the average American industrial worker's
wages/dole.
Jane had worked for Peter’s family as a housekeeper for many years. After she left the family, he
provided her with an annual salary/pension for the rest of her life.
The factory closure will mean another few hundred people having to live on the dole/pay.
After the factory was closed, my uncle spent the next ten years on the ______. He got just £10 a week.
income B. dole C. salary D. pay
The report highlights the fact that many people are relying on the state ______ for their retirement
income.
pension B. income C. stipend D. wage
The $6,000 fellowship ______ that she had received for being in Dallas was three times that required to
live like a well-off American student.
pay B. income C. pension D. stipend
Banks now extend credit to low- ______ families, so that owning a home or driving a new car is no
longer evidence that someone is middle class.
income B. pension C. stipend D. salary

The workers agreed to a five-year contract, during which they were to be paid a daily ______ and were
given promise of a return passage back to India.
income B. pension C. wage D. dole
This company has a(n) ______ of around £10 million a year.
salary B. income C. dole D. wage
Unemployed and facing the ______ queue, this enterprising young man decided to set up his own
business.
dole B. pension C. salary D. income
After years of loyal service, his boss fired him just before he would have qualified for a(n) ______.
salary B. dole C. income D. pension
There are severe penalties for failing to declare all your ______ to the tax authorities. A. income
B. pension C. dole D. wage
She was offered a ______ of £500,000 a year to work for BBC.
pension B. dole C. salary D. stipend

128. MỤC TIÊU
một mục tiêu nào đó bạn hi vọng đạt He continued to pursue his goal of
được, thường là mục tiêu thường dài hạn, becoming an actor.
goal My job is to help businesses achieve
liên quan đến cuộc sống và kế hoạch
/gəul/ their goals.
nghề nghiệp của mọi người hoặc kế
(n)
hoạch dài hạn của một công ty hoặc tổ
chức
mục tiêu, kết quả mà kế hoạch, hành động My main aim in life is to be a good
aim của bạn dự định đạt được husband and father.
/eɪm/ Our aim in protesting is to raise
(n) awareness of the unfairness of the
system.
mục đích, lý do để làm gì hoặc điều gì đó I have included this data for the
purpose xảy ra purpose of comparison.
/'pɜ:pəs/ For budgeting purposes, you really
(n) have to start estimating costs now.
(khá trang trọng) một điều gì đó mà bạn The main objective of this meeting is
đang cố gắng đạt được, mọi người đặt ra to give more information on our
objective plans.
mục tiêu cho mình, thường nằm trong dự
/əb'ʤektɪv/ (n) One of my objectives for this year is
án hoặc đưa ra trong một cuộc phát biểu
to increase sales
mục tiêu, thường được ghi nhận chính The government's target of 3.5
target thức, ví dụ như người sử dụng lao động percent annual growth seems easily
/'tɑ:gɪt/ hoặc bởi ủy ban chính phủ. Nó thường cụ attainable.
(n) thể và ở dạng số liệu, chẳng hạn như Oil production was 15 per cent
doanh thu, kết quả..., below target.
Our goal/purpose is for the country to be fully independent within two years.
The leaflet has been produced with the goal/aim of increasing public awareness of the disease.
The purpose/goal of the occasion was to raise money for medical supplies.
Government objectives/targets for waiting lists are beginning to be met.
The university will reach its goal/target of 5 000 students next September.
He gave her a sum of money which she used to good aim/purpose.
The project's objectives/purposes were adumbrated in the report.
131. NGĂN CẢN, CẢN TRỞ
prevent ngăn không cho ai đó làm điều gì; ngăn chặn You can’t stop/prevent people from saying
/prɪ'vent/ điều gì đó để nó không thể xảy ra = stop what they think.
(v) /stɒp/ (v)
khiến ai đó quyết định không làm điều gì The company's financial difficulties have
hoặc tiếp tục làm điều gì, đặc biệt là bằng deterred potential investors.
deter
cách khiến họ hiểu về những khó khăn và
/dɪ'tɜ:(r)/
những kết quả không mong muốn của những
(v)
hành vi/hành động của họ
hinder khiến cho việc thực hiện điều gì đó hoặc a political situation
/'hɪndə(r)/ (v) điều gì đó xảy ra trở nên khó khăn = that hinders economic growth
impede /ɪm'pi:d/ (v)

bar cấm hoặc ngăn không cho ai đó làm điều gì They seized James's passport and barred
/bɑ:(r)/ him from leaving the country.
(v)
ngăn cho thứ gì đó di chuyển hoặc chảy qua He found that the pipe
block một đường ống/con đường/hành lang/lối was partially blocked with leaves.
/blɒk/ (v) đi/... bằng cách đặt một thứ gì bên trong
hoặc cắt ngang
136
ngăn không cho ai đó đi đâu hoặc nhìn thứ gì She had her back to the door, blocking his
bằng cách đứng trước mặt họ hoặc chặn exit.
đường họ
ngăn không cho điều gì xảy ra, phát Firewalls can block unauthorized
triển, tiến triển hoặc thành công access to a computer.
[thường ở dạng bị động] ngăn không cho ai Our holiday plans were thwarted by the
thwart
đó làm điều gì mà họ muốn hoặc airline pilots’ strike.
/θwɔ:t/ (v) đang cố gắng thực hiện
Fat that is poured down the sink will thwart/block the drain.
She was thwarted/prevented in her attempt to take control of the party.
An ugly new building blocked/prevented the view from the window.
The new law blocks/bars smoking in all public places.
Some teachers felt hindered/prevented by a lack of resources when teaching online.
The high price of the service could deter/block people from seeking advice.
She was very talented, and I felt her parents were deterring/blocking her progress.
A good sunscreen will help thwart/prevent sunburn.
After today's heavy snow, many roads are still ______.
hindered B. blocked C. prevented D. barred
High winds have ______ firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze. A. deterred B.
prevented C. hindered D. blocked
The troubled accounting firm deliberately destroyed documents to ______ government investigators.
thwart B. encourage C. foster D. deter
Will this harsher punishment effectively ______ criminals? A. hinder B. deter C. impede
D. block
The drug inhibits the replication of cancer cells, thereby ______ their spread.
deterring B. barring C. thwarting D. preventing
Visitors were ______ from taking bags into the building, metal detectors were installed and police
carrying machine guns patrolled the foyer.
hindered B. blocked C. deterred D. barred
Government officials, who knew that the findings would likely be negative and fearful that they would
leak, ______ the effort.
deterred B. blocked C. barred D. hindered 16. One of the guards moved to ______ her path.
A. block B. deter C. bar D. hinder
These laws will ______ our economy rather than help progress.
A. deter B. hinder C. thwart D. bar

The internet has ______ young people from talking to each other. A. hindered
B. deterred C. stopped D. thwarted
134. NGƯỜI QUẢN LÝ, GIÁM SÁT
người chỉ đạo, điều khiển điều gì đó, He is the new program controller for BBC2.
đặc biệt là một tổ chức lớn hoặc một He was the controller of finances.
bộ phận nào đó trong tổ chức, kiểm
soát viên
controller người kiểm soát, phụ trách các tài
/kən'troʊ.lə/ (n) khoản tài chính của một công ty kinh
doanh, chính phủ
người quản lý, có trách nhiệm điều a bank/hotel manager

hành một doanh nghiệp, một cửa hàng, the sales/marketing/human resources
hoặc một bộ bận trong đó manager
quản lý (một người giải quyết các I'm a senior manager in a
công việc cho một diễn viên, một multinational company.
manager nhạc sĩ, v.v.)
/'mæn.ə.ʤə/ (n) người quản lý (đội bóng)
người giám sát một hoạt động, một All work is done under the guidance of a
nơi, hoặc một nhóm người (học sinh, supervisor.
công nhân...,) để đảm bảo đúng việc,
đúng nội quy
supervisor giáo viên (ở trường đại học) có trách
/'su:.pə.vaɪ.zə/ (n) nhiệm giám sát một học sinh nào đó
cơ quan quản lý (một người hoặc tổ the gas/water/telecommunications

chức được chính phủ chỉ định để điều regulator
chỉnh một lĩnh vực hoạt động như Cost savings are essential if we have to live
regulator ngân hàng hoặc công nghiệp...,) with the 15- 20% price cut proposed by the
/'reg.jə.leɪ.tə/ (n) industry regulator.

Obviously as sales manager/supervisor he'll be very involved in the promotion and marketing of the
product.
She became the corporate controller/regulator after working for years in the accountancy department 3.
On these occasions, at least two extra controllers/supervisors assisted the instructor with the testing
procedure.

In pursuing social policy objectives, managers/regulators also often impose investment restrictions or
minimum return guarantees.
The comedian is unavailable for comment, according to her manager/supervisor. Choose the option A,
B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
She likes aviation but didn't want to fly, so she became an air traffic ______. A. controller B.
manager C. supervisor D. regulator
A significant proportion of workers felt they had been bullied by their immediate ______.
manager B. regulator C. supervisor D. controller
He has worked as a human resource ______ in business firms and non-profit organizations for more than
twenty years.
regulator B. manager C. controller D. supervisor
Congress is investigating why it took so long for government ______ to shut the plant down.
managers B. controllers C. regulators D. supervisors
Each student has a ______ to advise on the writing of the dissertation. A. controller B. regulator
C. manager D. supervisor
136. NHÀ Ở, CHỖ Ở
[C, U] ngôi nhà/căn hộ/con tàu/... mà While travelling she missed the comforts
bạn sống ở đó, đặc biệt là cùng với gia of home.
đình bạn
*home mang nghĩa cá nhân và cảm xúc
(tổ ấm, mái ấm)
home
/həʊm/ (n)
[C] một nơi dành cho những người They run a retirement home for the
không thể tự chăm sóc bản thân sống elderly.
và họ được chăm sóc bởi
người khác ở đó
[C] ám chỉ đến vật chất, hình hài cụ We live in a four-bedroom house.
house thể của một công trình
/haʊs/(n)
[U] một nơi để sống hoặc ở (được coi Human beings need food, clothing, and
shelter là một nhu cầu cơ bản của con người) shelter.
/'ʃeltə(r)/ (n)
[C] một tòa nhà (thường được sở hữu a night shelter for the homeless
bởi một tổ chức từ thiện) cung cấp
một nơi để ở cho những người vô gia
cư hoặc sự bảo vệ cho những
người/động vật bị ngược đãi

[U] một nơi để sống/làm việc/ở/... There's a shortage of cheap
accommodation (places to live).
We have first- and second- class
accommodation
accommodation (= seats) on this flight.
/ə,kɒmə'deɪʃn/ (n)
[C, usually plural] một He stays in cheap lodgings near the

lodging phòng/những phòng trong nhà của một university.
/'lɒdʒɪŋ/(n) người khác mà bạn thuê để sống ở đó

In developing countries, more than 640 million are without lodging/shelter.
She left house/home and began an independent life at sixteen.
You should book your travel accommodations/houses and flights quickly.
They opened a(n) shelter/accommodation to provide temporary housing for the city’s homeless.
Eventually she had to give up her house and go into a nursing home/house.
It costs a lot to buy a lodging/house in this part of London.
It was cheaper to live in households/lodgings than in a hotel. Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best
fits the sentence.
It's unusual for young people over 25 to still live in the family ______. A. home B. lodging
C. accommodation D. shelter
They were anxious to find ______ for the night.
lodging B. shelter C. house D. home
______ prices have tripled over the last ten years.
Home B. Household C. House D. Homework
He was living on the streets for three months, and his ______ was a carboard box. A. house B.
home C. lodging D. household
The organization provides food and ______ for homeless people. A. shelter B. lodging C.
housing D. roof
Nora's parents lost custody, and she was placed in a children's ______.
lodging B. accommodation C. home D. house
During the construction work, nursery school children and staff will be housed in temporary ______
opposite the existing building.
home B. house C. accommodation D. shelter
He was an abused dog that Sophia rescued from an animal ______. A. house B. home C.
accommodation D. shelter
I'm worried about leaving him alone in the ______ all day.
home B. house C. household D. housework
You won’t find any luxurious ______, but there are adequate hotels and guest houses.
households B. accommodations C. shelters D. homes

137. NHẬN RA, CÔNG NHẬN
nhận ra ai, cái gì bởi vì bạn đã từng I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I
nhìn thấy hoặc nghe thấy người đó recognized her immediately.
hoặc đã trải nghiệm điều đó trước đây Doctors are trained to recognize the
recognize
symptoms of different diseases.
/'rek.əg.naɪz/ (v)
nhận thức được, hiểu được một thực They didn't realize the danger they were in.
tế, tình huống cụ thể nào đó, nhận ra The moment I saw
realize tầm quan trọng điều gì, đôi khi là đột her,
/'ri:.ə.laɪz/ (v) ngột nhận ra I realized something was wrong.
nhận diện được ai, cái gì đó và có thể Even the smallest baby can identify its
nói hoặc chứng minh được họ mother by her voice.
identify
là ai, đó là cái gì She was able to identify her attacker.
/aɪ'den.tə.faɪ/ (v)
công nhận, chấp nhận sự thật hoặc Mental illness can exist for years before
công nhận sự tồn tại của một cái gì đó, families are forced to
acknowledge công nhận điều gì đó là đúng acknowledge the truth.
/ək'nɑ:.lɪdʒ/ (v) Most people acknowledge the existence
of evil.
chính thức công nhận, chấp nhận hoặc The agency was not accredited by the
chấp thuận một ai đó hoặc một cái gì Philippine Consulate to offer contracts to
accredit đó, tuyên bố chính thức rằng một cá Filipinos abroad.
/ə'kred.ɪt/ nhân hoặc tổ chức đủ tốt để cung cấp
(v) một loại dịch vụ cụ thể

I recognized/realized that it was too late to stop them from finding out.
He'd completely changed - I didn't recognize/realize him.
Two of the suspects have been recognized/identified by witnesses.
You must accredit/acknowledge the truth of her argument.
Institutions that do not meet the standards will not be accredited/acknowledge for teacher training.
You don't seem to realize /identify the seriousness of the situation.
I have to identify/acknowledge the fact that I am partly responsible.
Passengers were asked to ______ their own suitcases before they were put on the plane.
A. realize B. acknowledge C. recognize D. identify 9.
Many families fail to ______ the importance of a well-balanced diet.
A. accredit B. realize C. identify D. acknowledge
The president ______ his mistake in not vetoing the tax bill.
accredited B. recognized C. identified D. acknowledged
As we drew alongside the black car, I suddenly ______ my ex-boyfriend at the wheel.
realized B. acknowledged C. recognized D. accredited

This degree programme is fully ______ by the Institution of Electrical Engineers.

142. NÓI
thường được dùng trong bối cảnh trang I've spoken to Ed about it and he's promised
trọng và lịch sự (ví dụ trong công việc, bài not to let it happen again.
giảng, thuyết trình), dùng khi nói chuyện Dr Graham Foster will speak about the
với người bạn không biết rõ về họ, thường history of the region.
speak là nói vì một mục đích nào đó hoặc nói họ
/spi:k/ làm gì (tập trung vào người nói). Ngoài ra
(v) khi nhắc về khả năng nói được ngôn ngữ
nào đó
được dùng trong tình huống không trang Have you talked to your parents about the
trọng/ thân mật, thường là bạn bè, cha mẹ problems you're having?
để thể hiện sự thân thiện hoặc xin lời I was talking to Richard Moss the other day
talk about the golf club.
khuyên, trao đổi thông tin, cảm xúc..., (tập
/tɔ:k/
trung vào người nói và có ít nhất một người
(v)
nghe)
không bao giờ đứng trước tân ngữ chỉ -Anne said, ‘I’m tired.'
người, hay dùng để tường thuật lại lời nói - They asked if I was looking for work and I
say của ai đó, tập trung vào từ ngữ cụ thể người said yes.
/seɪ/ nói hơn
thường có tân ngữ là người đi sau, tập trung Have you told him the news yet?
vào nội dung và thông điệp người nói muốn You should never tell a lie.
truyền tải hơn là tập trung vào cụ thể từng They told her to wait till the doctor arrived.
từ như "say". Ngoài ra còn dùng với nghĩa
kể (câu chuyện, sự thật, lời nói dối, nói đùa)
tell với tân ngữ là cái gì đó đi sau, và đặc biệt
/tel/ còn dùng để thuật lại lời chỉ dẫn, mệnh lệnh
từ ai đó

Our boss needs to speak/talk to us about this conference next week.
When they get together, all they speak/talk about is football.
He said/told, ‘I'm not paying £50 for that.'
David said/told me how he had got the job by lying about his age.
149
I can talk/speak German and Spanish really well.
‘There's nothing wrong with him,’ she said/told airily.

I had the opportunity to speak/say with the president alone. Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits
the sentence.
Grandpa often ______ wonderful stories about the old days.
speaks B. says C. talks D. tells
He always looks down when he is ______.
telling B. speaking C. talking D. saying
I was ______ to Richard Moss the other day about the golf club.
speaking B. saying C. talking D. telling 11. The committee ______ yes, so we can go ahead.
A. said B. told C. spoke D. talked
They ______ us to come back the next day.
spoke B. said C. talked D. told
I phoned your office and ______ to your assistant. A. told B. spoke C. said D. talked
She started ______ loudly to her friends about the film they'd just seen.
telling B. saying C. talking D. telling
A legendary football coach once ______, ‘Winning is everything.’
told B. spoke C. told D. said
147. PHÁ, LÀM HỎNG
làm cho một cái gì đó hư hại đến mức không - He completely destroyed the phone
destroy
dùng được nữa hoặc không tồn tại nữa by smashing it into pieces. - You have
/dɪ'strɔɪ/
destroyed my hopes of happiness.
(v)
devastate devastate something Western India was devastated by a

/'devəsteɪt/ (v) phá huỷ hoàn toàn một nơi hoặc một vùng nào huge earthquake.
đó
phá hủy hoàn toàn một tòa nhà, đặc biệt là để They demolished the old school to
demolish sử dụng đất cho việc khác build a new one.
/dɪ'mŋkʧ/
phá huỷ cái gì đó Tornadoes demolished trailers and
(v)
blew roofs off houses.
gây hư hại hoặc làm hỏng cái gì/điều gì; có tác The building was badly
damage động xấu/gây hại đối với điều gì/ai damaged in the fire.
/'dæmɪdʒ/ (v) The bribery scandal damaged his
reputation severely.
155
[ngoại động từ] biến một cái gì đó tốt thành Our camping trip was spoilt by bad
thứ xấu/khó chịu/không còn hấp dẫn/không weather.
còn hữu ích ...
spoil ~ ruin
/spɔɪl/ (v) [ngoại động từ] cho một đứa trẻ mọi thứ mà He spoils his children with
chúng muốn và không áp dụng bất kỳ nguyên expensive toys.
tắc nào với chúng nên có tác động xấu lên tính
cách và hành vi của chúng
làm hỏng một cái gì đó khiến nó bị mất đi giá Her new boots got ruined in the mud.
trị/thú vui/cơ hội...
ruin ~ spoil
/'ru:ɪn/ (v)
làm cho ai đó/điều gì đó mất hết thanh The long legal battle ruined him
danh/tiền bạc/địa vị... financially.
deface deface something Several office buildings were

làm hỏng vẻ ngoài của một cái gì đó, đặc biệt defaced by graffiti.
/dɪ'feɪs/ (v)
là bằng cách vẽ hoặc viết lên nó
disfigure somebody/something làm hỏng An ugly power station disfigures the
disfigure hoàn toàn vẻ ngoài của một cái gì đó/một nơi landscape.
/dɪs'fɪg.ər/ (v) nào đó/một người nào đó (đặc biệt là khuôn
mặt của họ)
The rest of the place looks defaced/devastated by a bombing raid.
The crops were ruined/disfigured by the late frost.
His face was demolished/disfigured now, swollen from bites that oozed a dark fluid.
Don't colour your passport photo! Don’t you know it is against the law to deface/spoil a passport?
Smoking can severely damage/demolish your health.
Several houses were defaced/demolished to make way for the new road.
Most of the original houses were destroyed/spoiled in the war. 8. "And you’re clothed, you have a roof
over your head, you don't have to work! That's more than a lot of people have, you spoiled/ruined little
brat!" Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
Eventually, their problems with money ______ their marriage.
destroyed B. disfigured C. devastated D. defaced
Some of them reportedly ______ posters of the singer in the lobby, writing comments and tossing drinks
on her pictures.
devastated B. defaced C. disfigured D. demolished 11. His low test scores
______ his chances of getting into a good school.
A. disfigured B. devastated C. demolished D. ruined 12.
Don't ______ your appetite by snacking too much.
A. spoil B. devastate C. destroy D. damage 13.
They used spray paint to ______ the sign.
A. destroy B. demolish C. deface D. devastate 14.
His face was ______ by a long red scar.
A. destroyed B. disfigured C. devastated D. damaged
15. This part of the old town has been ______ by ugly new buildings.
A. destroyed B. damaged C. devastated D. disfigured
149. PHẢN ĐỐI
[ngoại động từ] không chấp thuận, reject something/somebody The prime minister
reject
loại bỏ, bác bỏ (ai/cái gì) (ý kiến, rejected any idea of reforming the system.
/rɪ'dʒekt/
quan điểm, đề xuất, lập luận, yêu cầu,
(v)
đơn xin việc...,)
[ngoại động từ] chống đối, phản đối be opposed to something He was
ai, cái gì (về chính sách, kế hoạch) strongly opposed to modernism in art. - oppose
oppose bằng cách đứng lên phản kháng, đấu doing something I would oppose changing the
/ə'poʊz/ tranh, ngăn không để nó thành công law.
(v) được oppose somebody/something
This party would bitterly oppose the
reintroduction of the death penalty.

[nội động từ] không cùng chung quan No, I disagree. I don 't think it would be the
điểm, ý kiến, có quan điểm, ý kiến right thing to do.
khác nhau về điều gì I must respectfully disagree with my colleague.
disagree [nội động từ] mâu thuẫn, khác nhau Victoria and I obviously disagree on this issue.
về thông tin The results of the two approaches disagree.
/,dɪs.ə'gri:/ (v)
[nội động từ] bày tỏ, nói lên sự phản object to doing something I really object to
object đối, không chấp thuận, chống being charged for parking.
/əb'dʒekt/ (v) đối lại Many local people object to the building of the
~ oppose new airport.
Plans to drill for oil in the Arctic region are fiercely opposed/rejected by conservationists.
The sales manager and project manager still disagree/oppose with each other on pricing and product
development.
Local residents disagreed/objected to the proposed development.
I applied for a job as a mechanic in a local garage, but I was opposed/rejected.
The two reports disagree/object on the number of people who will be affected by this change.
I ______ to paying that much for milk because it's unnecessary.
objected B. opposed C. disagreed D. rejected
The court ______ the argument and found the defendant not guilty. A. opposed B. rejected
C. objected D. disagreed
I ______ with you - I think she's done a very good job.
reject B. oppose C. object D. disagree 9. Many locals are strongly
______ to the development.
A. rejected B. objected C. opposed D. disagreed
10. We ______ on most things, but on this question, we are at one with each other.
A. disagree B. oppose C. object D. reject
150. PHẦN THƯỞNG
- một phần thưởng được trao tặng cho người chiến She won the first prize in the
prize thắng một cuộc thi, cuộc đua, hoặc trao cho người English Olympic Contest.
/praɪz/ hoàn thành công việc rất tốt. Scientists from Oxford shared the
(n) Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945.
- một giải thưởng hay một khoản tiền mà một - A recently launched advertising
người hay một tổ chức nhận được cho thành tích agency got an award for the best
award
của họ và giải thưởng ấy được công nhận và đánh marketing campaign of 2009. -
/ə'wɔ:d/
giá cao. Angelina Jolie received the
(n)
award for best actress.

một phần thưởng ghi nhận cho sự nỗ lực của bạn A child's smile is the best reward
để hoàn thành một công việc nào đó. - phần for each mother.
reward thưởng không chỉ ở dạng vật chất mà còn ở trạng The police offered a reward for
/rɪ'wɔ:d / thái tinh thần. any information
(n) about the robbery
là sổ tiền thưởng trao cho người cung cấp thông
tin quan trọng cho cảnh sát về một điều gì đó
một món quà ít trạng trọng hơn, một cái gì đó mà Yuki was wrapping a
bạn được cho, mà không yêu cầu, vào một dịp đặc present for her friend.
biệt như lễ cưới, sinh nhật,... đặc biệt là để thể hiện The children gave their mothers
tình bạn hoặc để nói lời cảm ơn. many special presents on
present các món quà này thường được trao cho nhau bởi Women’s Day.
/'preznt / (n) những người có vị thế ngang hàng hoặc một người
có vị thế thấp hơn trao cho một người ở vị thế cao
hơn.
một món quà, quà tặng tới ai đó. - She made a £50,000 gift to
dùng để nói về những món quà trang trọng. - món those living in poor conditions. -
gift /gɪft/ (n) quà này có thể do một người giàu tặng một người Her grandpa sent her a gift for
nghèo hơn hoặc một người ở vị thế cao tặng cho her birthday.
một người ở vị thế thấp.
He was nominated for first prize/reward in the essay competition.
She is now reaping the rewards/gifts of all her hard work.
He gave everyone a(n) award/present to extend his gratitude for them.
She had bought and wrapped prizes/gifts for children in the hospital.
The poetry award/reward went to Lisa Mueller for ‘Alive Together.
One of the precious rewards/awards that she is given in this life is the unconditional love of her mother.
The watch was a very important ______ given by her father on her birthday. A. gift B. award
C. prize D. reward
The Academy ______, popularly known as Oscars, have been held since 1929.
awards B. prizes C. gifts D. rewards
The police offered a £100 ______ for any information about the robbery. A. prize B. gift C.
present D. reward
Although his leg sustained some injuries, he still won first ______ in the race last year.
gift B. present C. award D. prize
On her mother’s birthday, that little girl willingly got a little money from her piggy bank so that she
could give her mother a meaningful ______.
award B. prize C. present D. reward
The ______ of leading a positive life is that we know how to see the light at the end of the tunnel. A.
award B. reward C. prize D. present

151. PHÍ
phí, số tiền bạn phải trả cho các dịch vụ The school fees are expected to rise again
lời khuyên, tư vấn mang tính chuyên next year.
fee nghiệp (trả cho các chuyên gia, như bác Customers pay an annual fee for the service.
/fi:/ sĩ, luật sư), phí trả cho một dịch vụ đặc
(n) thù như học phí, phí đăng ký xe máy,
các loại dịch vụ pháp lý...
tiền phạt, một khoản tiền phải trả như sự I got a parking fine for parking on double
fine yellow lines.
trừng phạt nếu vi phạm luật pháp hoặc
/faɪn/ Violations carry a maximum fine of $l 000.
quy tắc
(n)
charge phí, số tiền mà ai đó yêu cầu bạn trả cho We have to make a small charge for
/tʃɑ:rʤ/ hàng hóa và dịch vụ refreshments.
(n) Delivery is free of charge.
toll phí xa lộ, tiền phí bạn phải trả khi qua Drivers have to pay 50,000 VNĐ toll for
/təʊl/ cầu đường, phí trả trên các trạm xa lộ, crossing a bridge.
(n) khi đi qua cầu đường.
fare phí di chuyển, tiền bạn cần phải trả khi The old man is paying the bus fare to the
/fer/ sử dụng các phương tiện đi lại như xe driver.
(n) bus, tàu hỏa, máy bay...,
rate một số tiền cố định được yêu cầu trả cho The banks now pay a lower rate of interest to
/reɪt/ một thứ gì đó savers.
(n)
Tuition fees/charges at Stanford have now reached £9,000 a year.
Drivers risk heavy fares/fines for driving without a licence.
The idea of tolls/fares for motorways is an interesting one; it has been discussed a great deal in this
country.
We make a small toll/charge for wrapping your gift.
You can opt to pay a flat fine/rate for unlimited internet access.
The airline has introduced a cheap fare/fee to New York. Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits
the sentence.
They have no option but to cross the bridge and pay the ______.
A. tolls B. fares C. fees D. charges 8.
Many doctors have a standard scale of ______.
A. fares B. fines C. fees D. tolls
We were forced to borrow the money at an extortionately high ______ of interest.
charge B. rate C. fare D. fine
The cheapest ______ at the moment is with Air Portugal from London.
toll B. fee C. fare D. charge
The museum has introduced a £3 admission ______.
fare B. toll C. charge D. fine
They face up to five years in prison and more than $1 million in ______.
fines B. fees C. fares D. rates
152. PHỔ BIẾN
common - chung, phổ biến, giống nhau ở Jackson is a common English name.

nhiều nơi, có ở nhiều người - They share a common interest in

/'kɑ:.mən/ được chia sẻ bởi mọi người, cái photography.
(adj) thuộc về một người cũng như
những người, cái khác.
popular - được yêu thích, ưa chuộng, ủng She's the most popular teacher in school.
/'pa:.pjə.lə/ hộ bởi rất nhiều người - bình popular music/songs/culture/fiction
(adj) dân, đại chúng, phổ cập
chung chung, không riêng biệt The general feeling is that justice was not served.
mà phổ biến, lan rộng, không cụ general knowledge
general thể, không giới hạn In general, Japanese cars are very reliable and
/'dʒen;ər;əl/ (adj) chỉ đến toàn thể, toàn bộ một breakdowns are rare.
tầng lớp, một tập thể.
tồn tại, tìm thấy ở khắp mọi nơi, Such problems are a universal feature of old age.
liên quan đến tất cả mọi người universal access/service/standards
universal
trên thế giới, hoặc trong một universal
/ju:.nə'vɜ:.səl/ (adj)
nhóm nào đó, toàn thể, toàn dân agreement/appeal/approval

We are prepared to discuss the deal in common/general terms, but the details are confidential.
Jenny is one of the most popular/universal girls in the school.
The proposal has not met with common/universal agreement.
In the past, bear-baiting was a popular/common form of entertainment in Britain.
General/Universal knowledge is information that has been accumulated over time through various
mediums, sources.
The restaurant is deservedly ______ with all who enjoy Mexican food. A. common B. popular
C. universal D. general
She was Swiss and I am from Vietnam, so French was our ______ language.
common B. universal C. general D. popular
This is a crucial year for your relationships in ______ and your love life in particular.
universal B. popular C. general D. common
The wireless infrastructure provides ______ access to the internet for all residents.
common B. general C. popular D. universal
The book makes a valuable contribution to studies of ______ culture in transnational contexts. A.
popular B. common C. universal D. general

forget vô tình bỏ quên thứ gì đó, không đề cập She forgot her sunglasses.
/fər'get/ đến nơi bạn đã bỏ quên nó When he got to the airport he found he'd
(v) forgotten his passport.
leave để lại, bỏ quên, nhưng ở một nơi nào đó, I've left my bag on the bus.
/li:v/ thường có địa điểm cụ thể bạn đã bỏ Hang on a minute - I left my phone upstairs.
(v) quên
I remembered everything else but I forgot/left about the beach towels.
She forgot/left her little brother in the park and came home by herself.
I realized too late that I'd forgotten/left the tickets.
The lost property office is full of belongings people have forgotten/left on trains.
Sorry to disturb you, I forgot/left my key.
I stupidly forgot/left my passport at home.
164. SÁP NHẬP, HỢP NHẤT
[nội động từ] kết hợp/liên hợp với We will unite in fighting crime.
những người khác để cùng làm một việc The two countries have united against
unite gì như là một nhóm: cùng nhau hành their common enemy.
/ju'naɪt/ (v) động/làm việc
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] khiến cho - The vast majority of nations have
con người/vật hợp nhất lại thành agreed to unite their efforts to bring
168
một thể thống nhất; hợp nhất, hợp lại peace.
(nhấn mạnh vào sự trọn vẹn của quá His aim was to unite Italy.
trình và sự duy nhất của kết quả) The two countries united in 1887.
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] kết hợp His department will merge with mine.
hoặc khiến 2 hoặc nhiều hơn hai thứ kết The two countries merged into one.
hợp lại với nhau thành một thứ: sát
nhập (con người/vật phần nào bị mất đi
bản sắc riêng biệt của chúng khi hợp
nhất lại; một số nhân tố/thành phần của
con người/vật
merge được hợp nhất lại sẽ bị mất đi)
/mɜ:dʒ/ (v)
merge (into something) - Night and day began to merge. - She
[nội động từ] nếu 2 thứ merge hoặc một avoided reporters at the airport by
thứ này merge into một thứ khác thì sự merging into the crowd.
khác biệt giữa chúng sẽ dần dần biến
mất, vì vậy không thể nào mà tách biệt
được chúng nữa: hoà vào, kết hạp
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] kết hợp lại Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form
với nhau để trở thành một thể/nhóm water.
combine thống nhất; kết hợp hai hoặc nhiều hơn Combine the eggs and the flour in a bowl.
/kəm'baɪn/ (v) hai thứ/nhóm lại với nhau để làm thành
một thứ/nhóm duy nhất
thêm điều gì để điều đó trở thành một Suggestions from the survey have been
incorporate /ɪn'kɔ:pəreɪt/
phần của một thứ lớn hơn đã có sẵn: kết incorporated into/in the final design.
(v)
hợp
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] kết hợp hai Colourful illustrations are integrated
integrate hoặc nhiều hơn hai thứ để chúng cùng into the text to make it easily
/'ɪntɪgreɪt/ (v) hoạt động với nhau (có thể là để sao cho comprehensible to the average reader.
có hiệu quả hơn)
None of us has much money, so let’s combine/merge what we’ve got.
Teachers are taught how to merge/integrate computer use into normal classroom procedures.
The whole of the conference incorporated/united against the government's plan for foundation hospitals.
Many of your suggestions have been merged/incorporated in the plan.
The villages expanded and merged/united into one large town.
He unites/merges them in marriage in a mass ceremony in a stadium.
She combined/merged into the crowd and disappeared.
We have ______ all the latest safety features into the new car design.
incorporated B. integrated C. combined D. merged
The actress added how mutual cooperation made them ______ into one whole being and stop thinking
about who a better partner is.
integrate B. unite C. merge D. incorporate
We have ______ many environmentally friendly features into the design of the building.
united B. merged C. combined D. incorporated
Small units, such as words, can be ______ into larger units, such as clauses.
169
8. You are advised to leave a wide ______ before you have your next child.
A. break B. interval C. lull D. pause 9.
He read very slowly and with frequent ______.
A. pauses B. breaks C. lulls D. intervals
10. Most viewers tend to skip through the ad ______.
A. intervals B. lulls C. breaks D. pauses
170. SỬA CHỮA
[ngoại động từ] sửa cái gì đó bị hư repair a
hỏng, hư hại..., (cơ sở hạ tầng, vật road/wall/building/bridge
repair
chất, chấn thương...,) to repair an injury/a hernia/a tear/a defect - It
/rɪ'per/ was too late to repair the damage done to their
[ngoại động từ] sửa chữa, uốn nắn
(v) relationship.
(lỗi, sai lầm...,), hàn gắn, cải thiện
tình huống xấu..., repair relations/a relationship
[ngoại động từ] sửa chữa, sửa sai cái - We need to get the TV fixed. -
fix gì đó (các vật dụng, đồ dùng, vấn I've fixed the problem.
/fɪks/ đề...., thường dùng trong văn nói
(v) hằng ngày hơn, ít trang trọng hơn
repair)
[ngoại động từ] sửa chữa cái gì đó đã Could you mend my bike for me?
bị hư hỏng, hỏng hóc để có thể sử He mended shoes for a living
dụng lại The country's president is seeking to mend
mend [ngoại động từ] vá quần, áo, relations with the United States.
/mend/ (v) dày..., bị rách
[ngoại động từ] bào chữa, tìm ra giải
pháp cho sự bất đồng, tranh cãi...,
- [ngoại động từ] sửa đổi, thay đổi MPs were urged to amend the law to prevent
amend
(văn kiện pháp lý), bổ sung (chỗ another oil tanker disaster.
/ə'mend/
thiếu sót, sai lầm trong một văn
(v)
kiện...)
The cost of repairing/mending the damage was much higher than we thought.
Until the constitution is fixed/amended, the power to appoint ministers will remain with the president.
They couldn't fix/amend my old computer, so I bought a new one.
She ought to learn to mend/amend her own clothes.
It is too late to fix/repair the damage we have done to our planet. Choose the option A, B, C, or D that
He wants me to ______ his shirt for him, but I'm not going to! A. repair B. mend C. amend
D. fix
He had two operations to ______ torn ligaments in his left knee.
mend B. fix C. amend D. repair
Parliament will vote to ______ the constitution.
amend B. repair C. mend D. fix
We're trying to ______ the cash flow problem by reducing costs. A. mend B. fix C. repair
D. amend
The Secretary of State and Chinese Foreign Minister met in an attempt to ______ strained relations.
A. repair B. mend C. amend D. Both A and B
173. TĂNG
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên lớn - The population continues to increase. -
increase hơn về số lượng/giá trị/mức độ/...; khiến The company has increased the price of its
/ɪn'kri:s/ (v) điều gì lớn hơn về số lượng/giá trị/mức cars.
độ/...
rise [nội động từ] tăng về số lượng/giá trị/... Inflation is rising by 2.1 percent a month.
/raɪz./ (v)
[ngoại động từ] tăng số lượng/mức to raise/increase prices/taxes
raise độ/giá cả/tiêu chuẩn/... của điều We need to raise/increase public awareness
/reɪz/ (v) gì/thứ gì of the issue.
~ increase [ngoại động từ]
[ngoại động từ] khiến cho điều gì tăng The plan was meant to boost agricultural
boost lên/trở nên tốt hơn hoặc thành công hơn production.
/bu:st/ (v) Getting that job did a lot to boost his ego (=
make him feel more confident).
escalate [nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên - the escalating costs of healthcare
176
/'eskəleɪt/ (v) lớn hơn hoặc lớn hơn về kích cỡ/mức độ The protests escalated into five days of
nghiêm trọng/sự căng thẳng/...; làm cho rioting.
điều gì lớn hơn hoặc lớn hơn về kích We do not want to escalate the war.
cỡ/mức độ nghiêm trọng/sự căng
thẳng/...
làm cho âm thanh to hơn The music was amplified with
amplify microphones.
/'æmplɪfaɪ/ (v) tăng cường độ/sức mạnh/mức độ/tác These stories only amplified her fears.
động/ảnh hưởng của điều gì
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên lớn Sydney's population expanded rapidly in the
expand hơn về kích cỡ/số lượng/tầm quan trọng; 1960s.
/ɪk'spænd/ (v) làm cho điều gì lớn hơn về kích cỡ/số The new system expanded the role of family
lượng/tầm quan trọng doctors.
The cost of raw materials has raised/escalated sharply.
A child’s vocabulary expands/raises through reading.
The campaign aims to raise/rise awareness of the risks of illegal drugs.
The cost of the project has increased/raised dramatically since it began.
"This is the police,” came the escalated/amplified voice from the helicopter.
Interest rates are expected to rise/raise from 4.5 per cent to 5 per cent in the next six months.
They are continuing to expand/amplify the range of goods and services they offer.
The compliments she received after the presentation rose/boosted her self- esteem.
Violence between the two sides has been steadily escalating/boosting.
Critics say the internet has risen/amplified the problem of medical misinformation.
The conflict could ______ rapidly into a full-scale war.
rise B. raise C. escalate D. boost
A microphone picks up ambient sound and ______ it, and volume control allows you to adjust the level.
amplifies B. boosts C. rises D. expands
Inequality in our society is ______ and for those at the bottom, things are getting worse.
raising B. boosting C. amplifying D. increasing
In turn, the increased prices caused health costs to ______ in a vicious circle.
raise B. escalate C. boost D. expand
The distorted thinking of some parents who regard their children as mere possessions instead of treating
them as independent people only ______ the social tragedy. A. rise B. boost C. amplifies
D. increase
The short film is being ______ into a full-length documentary. A. escalated B. risen C.
expanded D. raised
The company plans to significantly ______ product availability over the next year.
increase B. rise C. amplify D. check
By 1999, the event had ______ from two to three days.
amplified B. raised C. expanded D. escalated
175. THAM GIA
[nội động từ] tham gia vào, có góp phần We encourage students to participate
vào một hoạt động (mang tính trang trọng) fully in the running of the college.
participate thường với mục đích đảm nhận một vai trò to participate in
/pɑ:r'tɪs,ə,peɪt/ (v) nào đó trong hoạt động mình tham gia, a study/programme
mang tính chủ động. - to participate in an activity/event
tham gia vào, có liên quan đến một hoạt - to take part in a discussion/
take part in động nào đó ~ participate demonstration/ fight/ celebration -
(collocation) Most of the board members took part
in the discussions.
- [ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] gia nhập to join a
(trở thành thành viên của một tổ chức, câu group/club/team/party
join lạc bộ, công ty...,) New members can join online.
/dʒɔɪn/ - join in sth/doing sth = join in (with sb/sth) Everyone joined in with the
(v) [cụm động từ] tham gia vào một hoạt động singing.
nào đó (đang xảy ra) với những người khác
[ngoại động từ] bao gồm một người nào đó We want to involve as many people as
involve vào một cái gì hoặc để khiến họ tham gia possible in the celebrations.
/ɪn'vɑ:lv/ hoặc cảm thấy là một phần của nó She's been involved with animal rights
(v) for many years.
[ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] (khá trang - to attend a wedding/ funeral/
attend trọng) tham dự, đề cập đến việc tham gia service/ ceremony/ meeting - 5,000
/ə'tend/ một sự kiện chính thức. Chẳng people from around the world were
(v) hạn như cuộc họp, hội nghị..., invited to attend the conference.

I felt so unfit after Christmas that I decided to join/involve a gym.
All the children attended/took part in the Thanksgiving play.
We want to encourage members to take part in/participate fully in the running of the club.
I prefer teaching methods that actively involve/join students in learning.
The meeting is on the fifth and we're hoping everyone will attend/participate.
I wish he would ______ with the other children.
take part in B. join in C. participate D. involve
Members are eligible for a 50% saving on room rates at all hotels that are ______ in the scheme. A.
participating B. attending C. taking part in D. involving
According to recent research, the busy British professional ______ nearly 60 meetings a month.
joins B. participates C. takes part in D. attends
She was very ______ with sports at college, and her studies suffered.
participated B. taken part in C. involved D. joined
They will ______ the discussions, along with many other organizations.
179
take part in B. join C. attend D. involve
176. THÀNH PHẦN
một trong những thứ để tạo thành cái gì All food products should carry a list of
(đặc biệt là đồ ăn): thành ingredients on the packet.
ingredient phần/nguyên liệu
/ɪn'gri:diənt/ (n) một trong những thứ/phẩm chất cần thiết Tolerance is an essential
để tạo nên thành công ingredient for a happy
marriage.
[C] một phần cần thiết hoặc tiêu biểu Cost was a key element in our decision.
element There is often a futuristic
của một cái gì đó; một trong vài thành
/'elɪmənt/ (n) element to her writing.
phần mà một cái gì đó chứa đựng: yếu tố
thành phần, phần hợp thành (một phần Nitrogen is the main component of air.
kết hợp với các phần khác để tạo thành the components of a machine
một thứ gì đó lớn hơn như máy móc, xe,
component hệ thống, ...)
/kəm'pəʊnənt/ (n) *Bản thân các thành phần này đã hoàn
thiện nên có thể tự đứng một mình, ví dụ
như bánh lái là một component của một
chiếc xe hơi.
một phần của một cái gì/điều gì đó lớn a significant portion of the
hơn: phần chia population
portion You give this portion of the ticket to the
/'pɔ:ʃn/ (n) inspector and keep the other. - The
central portion of the bridge collapsed.
substance phần quan trọng nhất hoặc phần The real substance of the report was in
/'sʌbstəns/ (n) chính của một cái gì đó ~ essence (n) the third part.
Only a small portion/substance of the budget is spent on books.
Car components/ingredients are manufactured in the other factory.
The ingredient/substance of his argument was that people on welfare should work.
The story has all the portions/elements of a soap opera.
Determination is one of the essential components/ingredients for success.
All outdoor activities carry a(n) ______ of risk.
element B. component C. substance D. ingredient
Later that year, the ______ of their secret conversation appeared in a newspaper article.
element B. component C. substance D. ingredient 8. A very large ______ of
our income goes to pay the mortgage.
A. portion B. ingredient C. component D. substance 9.
I agreed with what she said in ______, though not with every detail.
A. element B. substance C. ingredient D. portion
China exported $2.5 billion of food ______ to the United States and the rest of the world in 2006.
elements B. components C. substances D. ingredients
They've introduced all sorts of new ______ to that programme in order to broaden its appeal. A.
elements B. components C. substances D. ingredients
The course has four main ______: business law, finance, computing, and management skills.
portions B. components C. substances D. ingredients
179. THIẾT BỊ, DỤNG CỤ

một dụng cụ ví dụ như cái búa, tua vít, cưa,... gardening tools
mà bạn cầm trong tay và sử dụng để làm ra cái
tool gì, sửa chữa cái gì,...
/tu:l/ (n)
một thứ mà giúp bạn trong công việc hoặc đạt research tools like questionnaires
được điều gì: công cụ
facilities [plural] các tòa nhà, các dịch vụ, các educational facilities
facility
thiết bị,... được cung cấp cho một mục đích cụ leisure facilities
/fə'sɪləti/ (n)
thể nào đó
instrument musical instrument Is he learning an instrument?
184
/'ɪnstrəmənt/ (n) nhạc cụ (piano, trống, violin,...)
một dụng cụ hoặc thiết bị được sử dụng cho một surgical instruments
nhiệm vụ cụ thể nào đó, đặc biệt là dành cho các All pupils should learn to use
công việc của chuyên gia hoặc nhà khoa học drawing instruments.
[U] những thứ cần thiết (máy móc, dụng cụ, đồ office equipment
equipment vật) cho một mục đích/hoạt động cụ thể nào đó:
/ɪ'kwɪpmənt/ (n) các thiết bị (thường là những thứ rắn, đặc biệt là
những thiết bị lớn)
gear [U] các thiết bị hoặc quần áo đặc biệt dành cho sports gear
/gɪə(r)/ (n) một hoạt động cụ thể nào fishing gear
một loại máy móc hoặc một thiết bị được thiết a recording device
device
kế chuyên biệt cho một công việc cụ thể nào
/dɪ'vaɪs/ (n)
một chiếc máy được thiết kế để làm một việc cụ electrical/household appliances
appliance /ə'plaɪəns/
thể trong nhà, chẳng hạn như chuẩn bị thức ăn,
(n)
sưởi ấm hoặc dọn dẹp
Ageing computer equipment/tools should be replaced, not upgraded.
Police in riot device/gear, with shields and helmets, arrived to control the protestors.
This device/tool allows deaf people to communicate by typing messages instead of speaking.
Learning a musical tool/instrument introduces a child to an understanding of music.
He took a spanner from his tool/facility box and tightened up the bolts on the gate.
This instrument/appliance was designed to measure the Earth’s atmosphere.
We aim to improve the provision of educational equipment/facilities, such as libraries, laboratories, and
academic buildings.
The internet has been an effective device/tool for advertising.
Medical staff should use personal protective ______ when treating any patient who may be infected with
the virus.
A. appliance B. equipment C. machine D. utensil 10.
The school is upgrading its outdoor play ______.
A. appliances B. utensils C, instruments D. facilities
11. This pen is the ideal precision ______ for all your graphic needs.
A. utensil B. appliance C. instrument D. machine
They were both aware that there might be listening ______ hidden in the room. A. devices
B. instruments C. tools D. materials
We believe the new law will be an effective ______ in fighting poverty.
A. instrument B. device C. equipment D. tool 14.
The airport plans to improve internet ______ in its terminals.
A. materials B. facilities C. tools D. utensils
15. Aid agencies are flying vital medical ______ to the disaster area.
A. equipment B. utensils C. appliances D. machines 16.
The musicians were tuning their ______ before the concert began.
A. gear B. instruments C. equipment D. tools
17. Writing is a good ______ for discharging overwhelming feelings.
A. instrument B. tool C. device D. equipment 18.
Do you play any ______?
A. devices B. instruments C. tools D. facilities
185
182. THÚC ĐẨY, TĂNG CƯỜNG
- [ngoại động từ] thúc đẩy, quảng bá This trade fair will help businesses from
sản phẩm, dịch vụ (thông qua quảng Malawi to promote their products.
cáo hoặc ưu đãi giá), - [ngoại động từ] to
promote promote democracy/peace/understanding -
khuyến khích, thúc đẩy điều gì xảy ra
/prə'məʊt/ (v) The aim of the culture festival is to promote
và phát triển (sự hiểu biết, hòa bình,
chế độ, nhận thức...,) friendship between the two countries.
[ngoại động từ] làm cho cái gì đó tăng to boost productivity/spending

boost
lên, trở nên tốt hơn hoặc thành công to boost somebody's confidence/morale
/bu:st/
hơn (hiệu quả, doanh thu, tinh
(v)
thần...,)
strengthen [ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] làm - The move is clearly intended to strengthen the
/'streŋ.θən/ cho thứ gì đó mạnh mẽ, president's position as head
(v) quyền lực, chắc chắn hơn, hoặc hiệu of state.
quả hơn; trở nên mạnh mẽ, quyền lực, The exercises are designed to strengthen your
chắc chắn hơn hoặc hiệu quả hơn (vị stomach muscles.
thế, vị trí công việc, địa vị, thể chất, Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge.
cầu, sự gắn kết...,)
- [ngoại động từ] củng cố một quan The final technical report into the accident
điểm, ý kiến, cảm giác..., (cung cấp reinforces the findings of initial investigations.
nhiều hơn bằng chứng, hỗ trợ để His behaviour merely reinforced my dislike of
chứng minh nó đúng) - [ngoại động him.
reinforce
từ] củng cố, làm chắc chắn (công
/,ri:.ɪn'fɔ:rs/ (v)
trình, vật liệu, quân đội...,) bằng việc
trang bị thêm (chất liệu, người, thiết
bị...,) để nó được vững chắc hơn

The change of management has promoted/boosted morale throughout the company.
The company’s products have been promoted/boosted mainly through advertising in newspapers.
The success in the election strengthened/reinforced the party's position considerably.
But let me just cite one other fact to strengthen/reinforce what you’re saying.
The organization's aim is to strengthen/boost the cultural ties between Britain and Germany.
The school motto was something about promoting/reinforcing world peace, co-operation and
understanding.
The foundations will have to be boosted/reinforced to prevent the house from sinking further into the
ground.
Share prices were boosted/reinforced by reports of the president's recovery.
The Institute is intended to ______ an understanding of the politics and culture of the Arab world.
A. boost B. promote C. reinforce D. strengthen
Doctors say his injured shoulder will take time to ______.
promote B. reinforce C. strengthen D. boost
[ĐMH 2021] Completing a degree gives mature students a sense of achievement, ______ their
confidence and improves their job prospects.

boost B. strengthen C. promote D. reinforce 12. The garrison is to be
______ by another two battalions of soldiers.
A. strengthened B. promoted C. boosted D. reinforced
13. Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to ______ products.
A. boost B. reinforce C. strengthen D. promote
183. THUÊ
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trả tiền một cách Are you looking to buy or rent?
định kỳ cho ai đó để bạn có thể sử dụng thứ gì Who do you rent the land from?
mà họ sở hữu (ví dụ như nhà, phòng, đất
đai,...): thuê
rent [ngoại động từ] cho phép ai đó sử dụng thứ gì He rents rooms in his house
/rent/ (v) mà bạn sở hữu (ví dụ như nhà hoặc đất đai) để (out) to students.
lấy tiền (được trả định kỳ): cho thuê
~ let /let/ (v) (British English)
[ngoại động từ] rent something (North - to rent a movie/a bike/ a boat
American English) trả tiền cho ai để bạn có thể - We rented a meeting room in a
sử dụng cái gì trong một khoảng thời gian downtown hotel.
ngắn: thuê = hire [British English)
làm một bản thoả thuận hợp pháp (hợp đồng) I’m interested in leasing your
trong đó một số tiền nhất định được trả để sử cottage.
lease dụng đất đai/tòa nhà/phương tiện/thiết bị/...
/li:s/ (v) trong một khoảng thời gian thỏa thuận: cho
thuê, thuê
~ rent
[ngoại động từ, nội động từ] thuê/tuyển dụng ai She was hired three years ago.
đó làm việc He does the hiring and firing (=
employing and dismissing people) in our
company.
[ngoại động từ] to hire a lawyer/detective
hire hire somebody/something thuê và trả công Workers were hired by the day.
/'haɪə(r)/ cho ai đó trong một khoảng thời gian ngắn để
(v) họ làm một công việc nào đó cụ
thể
[ngoại động từ] (British English) trả tiền để What’s the cost of hiring by the day?
mượn cái gì đó trong một khoảng thời gian
ngắn
= rent (American English)
charter charter something They flew to Athens and then chartered a
/'tʃɑ:tə(r)/ (v) thuê một phương tiện (máy bay, tàu, thuyền,...) boat to the island.
cho mục đích riêng của bạn
The government is encouraging employers to hire/rent disabled people.
We lease/charter all our computer equipment
He chartered/employed a jet to fly her home from California to Switzerland.
We leased/hired a magician to entertain the children.

I can’t afford to charter/rent an office in this part of town.
They chartered/hired a room above a pub for the wedding reception.
She bought a three-bedroom flat with the objective of hiring/renting two rooms.
I let/charter the spare room in my house to a student of the university.
We rented/let a car for the week and explored the area.
She was ______ by the campaign as a foreign-policy adviser. A. leased B. rented C.
chartered D. hired
You ______ a tuxedo for five hundred pounds? Are you crazy?
rented B. let C. leased D. chartered
He went to London, where he ______ an apartment for three years. A. hired B. leased C.
chartered D. employed
You could always ______ a dress for the ball if you can't afford to buy one. A. hire B. charter
C. let D. lease
Many young couples ______ an apartment until they've saved enough to buy a house.
charter B. rent C. hire D. employed
Parts of the building are currently ______ to students of the university.
hired B. employed C. chartered D. leased
184. TỈ LỆ
[C] mối quan hệ giữa hai nhóm The ratio of nursing staff to doctors is 2:1
ratio người/vật thể hiện mức độ lớn (=for every 2 nurses there is 1 doctor).
/'reɪʃiəʊ/ (n) hơn của nhóm này so với nhóm
còn lại: tỉ lệ
[U] mối quan hệ giữa một thứ với The proportion of women to men at my college
một thứ khác về kích cỡ/số was about five to one/5:l (=for every 5 women,
lượng/...: tỉ lệ there is 1 man).
~ ratio The room is very long in proportion to (=
relative to) its width.
The chart shows how weight increases in
proportion to height (= the increase in weight
proportion depends on the increase in height).
/prə'pɔ:ʃn/ (n)
[U, C, usually plural] mối quan hệ Her feet are small in proportion to her height.
chính xác về kích thước/mức độ/tầm The porch is out of proportion with (= too big
quan trọng/... giữa một thứ này với or too small when compared with) the rest of
một thứ khác hoặc giữa các phần của the house.
một chỉnh thể nào đó: sự cân xứng,
sự cân đối
[C] sự đo lường số lần mà việc gì xảy a high/tow/rising rate of unemployment
rate
ra hoặc được làm, thực hiện trong
/reɪt/ (n)
một thời kỳ cụ thể: tỉ lệ
[C + singular or plural verb] số Tax is paid as a percentage of total income.
percentage lượng/lượng/tỉ lệ của một thứ gì trong What percentage of women return to work after
/pə'sentɪʤ/ (n) mỗi 100: tỉ lệ phần trăm having a baby?

(bản đồ/biểu đồ/mô hình) tỉ lệ giữa a map with a scale of 1:50 (That can mean 1
kích thước thật của một thứ gì với cm on the map represents 50cm on the ground -
kích thước của nó ở trên một bản in reality.)
scale /skeɪl/ (n) đồ/biểu đồ/mô hình * scale là một Is this diagram made to scale? (= are all its
dạng của ratio parts the same size and shape in relation to
each other as they are in the thing presented)

Local businesses are closing at the rate/proportion of three a year.
He was building a percentage/scale model of the Empire State Building.
The ratio/rate of applications to available places currently stands at 100:1.
The scale/proportion of men to women in the college has changed dramatically over the years.
If a goalie saves 96 out of 100 shots, his or her save proportion/percentage is 96%.
The head is out of proportion/rate with the body.
The size of the windows seems out of ______ with the height of the wall.
A. scale B. proportion C. rate D. percentage 8.
The ______ of computers to students is now two to one.
A. percentage B. scale C. ratio D. rate
Your legs are very much in ______ to the rest of your body. A. scale B. rate C. percentage
D. proportion
The level of crime in an area is almost always in direct ______ to the number of unemployed.
proportion B. rate C. percentage D. scale

186. TIÊU ĐỀ, CHỦ ĐỀ
tiêu đề, tên của một cuốn sách, bài His poems were published under the title of
thơ, bức tranh, bản nhạc, bài báo 'Love and Reason’.
title
v.v. a book/album title
/'taɪtl/ (n)
Some of his song titles and lyrics have also
attracted criticism.
chủ đề, vấn đề mà chúng ta thảo The main topic of conversation was Tom 's new
luận, viết hoặc nghiên cứu về nó girlfriend.
topic a topic of discussion/interest
/'tɑ:.pɪk/ to cover/discuss a topic
(n) hot topics
In the next chapter the writer focuses on the topic
of adoption.
chủ đề (có thể là người hoặc vật) Walker's work has been the subject of much debate.
mà đang được thảo luận, xem xét, on the subject of something
subject
nghiên cứu, miêu tả, hoặc giải I wish you'd change the subject (= talk about
/'sʌbdʒekt/ (n)
quyết something else).
chủ đề hoặc ý tưởng chính trong the central/main/key/major theme

theme một bài nói, bài viết, sách, phim Love and honour are the main themes of the book.
/θi:m/ hoặc tác phẩm nghệ a recurrent/recurring theme
(n) thuật..., (thông điệp) (=one that occurs several times)

The theme/title of Evelyn Waugh's first novel was "Decline and Fall".
The father-daughter relationship is a recurring theme/title in her novels.
The incident is currently the subject/topic of a police investigation.
She has written about such hot and important subjects/topics as race, culture, and class.
The report is about to be published under the title/subject Choosing Futures.
To cover such a broad theme/topic in a single volume is ambitious.
On the surface it's a very funny novel but it does have a more serious underlying theme/topic.
Nelson Mandela is the ______ of a new biography.
theme B. subject C. title D. topic
There was a book I wanted to buy, but now I can't remember the ______.
subject B. theme C. topic D. title
Hot ______ for discussion included global warming and pollution of the oceans. A. themes B.
titles C. topics D. subjects
I wasn't quite sure how to deal with the delicate ______ of money. A. subject B. topic C.
theme D. title
Her struggle against poverty and racial prejudice is the central ______ of the book. A. topic B.
title C. subject D. theme
192. TRÁCH NHIỆM
trách nhiệm mà bạn phải gặp/hoặc nói She has responsibility for public
chuyện với ai hoặc chăm sóc ai hoặc spending.
responsibility
giải quyết việc gì vì vậy bạn sẽ có thể
/rɪ,spɒnsə'bɪləti/ (n)
phải chịu trách nhiệm nếu điều gì đó
xảy ra
trách nhiệm cho một điều gì đó Nobody has claimed
xấu/tồi tệ đã xảy ra responsibility for the bombing.
bổn phận về mặt đạo đức khiến bạn He seems unwilling to face up to his
làm điều gì hoặc giúp đỡ/chăm sóc ai responsibilities as a father.
do công việc của bạn/vị trí của bạn ...
[U] trạng thái phải chịu trách nhiệm về Jack denied any liability for the damage
liability mặt pháp luật cho một việc gì đó: caused.
/,laɪə'bɪləti/ (n) trách nhiệm/nghĩa vụ pháp lý
việc chịu trách nhiệm cho các quyết The public has been demanding greater
accountability
định và hành động của mình và phải accountability from lawmakers.
/ə,kaʊntə'bɪləti/ (n)
giải thích chúng khi được yêu cầu:
[U]
trách nhiệm giải trình
điều gì đó mà bạn cảm thấy bạn phải It was my duty to report it to the police.
làm vì điều đó đúng về mặt đạo đức
duty hoặc đúng luật: bổn
/'dju:ti/ phận/trách nhiệm/nhiệm vụ
(n) [U, C] điều gì đó mà bạn làm như là một phần Your duties will include greeting visitors
công việc của bạn: phận and answering the phone.
sự/chức vụ/công việc
[U] trạng thái mà bạn bắt buộc phải Sophia didn’t feel under any obligation
làm điều gì đó vì đó là bổn phận của to tell him the truth.
bạn hoặc bởi vì theo
obligation luật...: nghĩa vụ/bốn phận
/,ɒblɪ'geɪʃn/ (n)
[C] điều gì đó mà bạn phải làm vì bạn I can't travel next month because of
đã hứa hoặc theo luật pháp quy định family obligations.

I have an accountability/obligation under law to protect their confidentiality.
Joshua, you have responsibility/accountability for collecting up the books after the class.
She felt she had fulfilled her liability/duty by providing him with a son.
197
These days accountability/obligation is important, and managers aren’t always willing to adopt risky
strategies.
They have no legal liability/duty for damage to customers’ possessions.
In this climate of heightened ______ to sponsors and students' parents, some believe that schools will
give instructional time only to subjects that are included in high-stakes testing.
responsibility B. accountability C. duty D. concern
Tenants have legal ______ for any damage they cause. That means when they break something in the
accommodation, they have to pay to repair or replace it.
liability B. accountability C. obligation D. duty 8. No organization has yet
claimed ______ for the bomb attack.
A. accountability B. obligation C. responsibility D. duty 9.
You are under a legal ______ to keep accurate records.
A. responsibility B. duty C. accountability D. liability 10.
I am under no ______ to tell you my name.
A. obligation B. accountability C. liability D. responsibility
11. The troops are here to perform peacekeeping ______. They protect civilians, prevent conflicts, and
promote human rights.
A. liabilities B. duties C. concerns D. principles
198
[không dùng ở dạng bị động; không He very much resembles/looks like a
look like dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn] có vẻ bề friend of mine.
(phrasal verb) ngoài rất giống với ai đó/cái gì đó ~ That powdered sugar looks
like/resembles snow.
resemble
a fight for
[không dùng ở dạng bị động; không something resembling justice
resemble dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn] trông giống
/rɪ'zembl/ (v) ai đó/thứ gì đó
~ look like; giống ai/thứ gì đó
[không dùng ở dạng bị động; không Jenny really takes after her
take after dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn] giống với mother.
somebody (phrasal một thành viên lớn tuổi hơn trong gia
verb) đình (đặc biệt là bố hoặc mẹ) về vẻ bề
ngoài hoặc tính cách
The plant resembles/takes after grass in appearance.
Determined? He takes after/looks like his grandfather.
The meat looks like/resembles chicken in flavour.
She takes after/looks like me with her love of horses.
I have never seen anything remotely taking after/resembling the horrors of that day.
His father was lazy, but his mother hasn’t a lazy bone in her body, and Peter looks like/takes after her.
The fish had white, firm flesh that resembled/took after the chicken.
He strongly looks like/resembles his father in appearance and in temperament.
212. VẤN ĐỀ
the matter [so it] được dùng (để hỏi) nếu ai What's the matter? Is there
matter đó đang không vui/phiền muộn/... hoặc nếu something wrong?
/'mætə(r)/ (n) có vấn đề gì There's something the matter with my
eyes.
problem /'prɒ một việc/thứ mà khó để giải quyết hoặc hiểu Our main problem is lack of cash.
bləm/ (n) và gây ra những khó khăn/không được mong
đợi
[C] một vấn đề/nỗi lo lắng/sự khó khăn William still has some issues with
issue
(thường thuộc về cá nhân) mà ai đó đang gặp women (= has some problems dealing
/'ɪʃu:/ (n)
phải with them).
một tình huống hoặc chủ đề mà đang được She organizes her financial affairs very
affair giải quyết hoặc cân nhắc efficiently.
/ə'feə(r)/ một vấn đề/tình huống (thường là về chính the Watergate affair
(n) trị hoặc phạm trù đạo đức) khiến cho dư luận
quan tâm
setback một khó khăn hoặc vấn đề làm chậm tiến độ The December elections were a major
/'setbæk/ của một điều gì đó hoặc làm cho một tình setback for the party.
(n) huống trở nên xấu hơn
obstacle một tình huống/sự kiện/... khiến cho bạn khó Fear of change is an obstacle to
/'ɒbstəkl/ có thể làm gì hoặc đạt được điều gì ~ progress.
(n) hindrance /'hɪndrəns/ (n)
I've never been very money-minded - I leave all my business setbacks/affairs to my financial adviser.
The team suffered a major setback/affair when their best player was injured.
Half of the teachers are now on strike. The problem/obstacle lies in the lack of communication between
managers and teachers.
The huge distances involved have proved an affair/obstacle to communication between villages.
What’s the issue/matter with you today?
I'm not bothered about the cost - you're the one who’s making it an issue/the matter. Choose the option
A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
Because I grew up in a dysfunctional family, anger is a big ______ for me. A. matter B. issue
C. setback D. obstacle
A lack of qualifications can be a major ______ to finding a job. A. obstacle B. issue C.
matter D. problem
The arms-dealing ______ has severely damaged the reputation of the government.
setback B. affair C. issue D. obstacle
What on earth was the ______ with him, Jack wondered. He’d come here to enjoy himself and here he
was, stuck on his own in the hotel.
setback B. affair C. obstacle D. matter
The breakdown in talks represents a serious ______ in the peace process.
matter B. issue C. setback D. problem
Everybody there had ______ from child abandonment to drug abuse, but I got used to it and just stayed to
myself.
issues B. setbacks C. obstacles D. hindrances
Their biggest ______ to finishing the project was the difficulty in finding enough local craftsmen to carry
out the work.
215
/fɑ:(r)/ (adj) khoảng cách xa hơn từ chỗ bạn; ở một nơi - a far country
xa*
* nghĩa này giống với distant và faraway
cách xa những chỗ nơi con người sinh a remote village

remote
sống: hẻo lánh
/rɪ'məʊt/ (adj)
~ isolated /'aɪsəleɪtɪd/ (ɑdj)
xa về không gian hoặc thời gian ~ distant stars
distant
faraway /'fɑ:rəweɪ/(adj) [chỉ đứng trước a distant country
/'distənt/ (adj)
danh từ]
[thường đứng trước danh từ] dùng để chỉ expeditions to the far-
far-flung những nơi rất xa xôi hoặc những thứ flung corners of the world
/.fa: 'flʌŋ/ (adj) gì/những ai trải dài trên một vùng rộng a newsletter that helps to keep all our
lớn far-flung graduates in touch
Her honeymoon seemed a remote/distant memory.
They live in a remote/short-lived corner of Scotland, miles from the nearest shop.
He’s gone off hiking in some short-lived/far-flung corner of Alaska.
I saw her on the far/remote side of the road.
The area is geographically far/isolated because of the hills that surround it.
Growing up in a small seaport in an Asian country instilled in him a restless desire to travel to
remote/faraway places in the world, such as Africa, Europe, and America.
Email enables far-flung/far friends to keep in touch.
It was only a few miles away, but it seemed unimaginably isolated/distant.
The stars are more ______ from the earth than the sun.
isolated B. far-flung C. remote D. distant
The sun slid behind the purple mountains in the ______ distance.
far B. remote C. isolated D. far-flung
Newsletters provided an important link to a ______ membership.
distant B. far-flung C. far D. remote
The time we spent together is now a (n) ______ memory.
distant B. remote C. isolated D. far-flung 13. He was standing in the ______ corner.
A. remote B. isolated C. far D. faraway 14.
The airport was about 20 kilometres ______.
A. far-flung C. remote C. isolated D. distant
216. XÁC NHẬN
tuyên bố một cách chính thức rằng điều gì I hereby certify that the above information
certify
là đúng sự thực hoặc chính xác, đặc biệt là is true and accurate.
/'sɜ:tɪfaɪ/
bằng hình thức viết: chứng nhận, chứng
(v)
thực
verify something verify Several witnesses verified his story.
that ...
verify chỉ ra hoặc nói rằng điều gì là đúng sự thực
/'verɪfaɪ/ (v) hoặc chính xác: xác nhận
~ confirm /kən'fɜ:m/ (v)
1. Laboratory tests certified/confirmed the presence of the virus.
218
219. XÓA BỎ, LOẠI BỎ
delete something (from something) bỏ đi The word 'it’ has been deleted.
delete
thứ gì đã được viết hoặc in ra hoặc thứ đã
/dɪ'li:t/ (v)
được lưu trong máy tính: xoá đi
xóa bỏ hoàn toàn điều gì/thứ gì; khiến cho You cannot erase injustice from the world.
một cảm xúc/một kỷ niệm/một She tried to erase the memory of that
quãng thời gian hoàn toàn bị quên đi evening.
erase
/ɪ'reɪz/ (v) xóa đi dấu (bút/phấn/...) hoặc thứ mà bạn đã He has erased the wrong word.
viết ra, thường bằng cách lau chúng đi bằng
một mảnh giẻ (đặc biệt là để chữa chúng cho
đúng): xoá
xoá bản ghi âm ở đĩa hoặc thông tin được lưu The computer crashed, and all our
trữ trong máy tính records were erased.
loại bỏ hoàn toàn thứ gì đó, đặc biệt là Their aim is to eradicate child poverty in
eradicate những thứ xấu (như bệnh tật hoặc các vấn đề the country within ten years.
/ɪ'rædɪkeɪt/ (v) xã hội)
~ wipe out /waɪp aʊt/ (phrasal verb)
221
chính thức bãi bỏ hoặc bỏ một luật/hệ thống Gradually, the laws that underpinned
abolish
hoặc chấm dứt một thể chế: bãi apartheid were abolished.
/ə'bɒlɪʃ/ (v)
bỏ, huỷ bỏ, thủ tiêu
loại bỏ hoàn toàn thứ gì đó không mong There is no solution that will totally
muốn [có thể trùng ý nghĩa với eliminate the possibility of theft.
từ eradicate] hoặc không cần thiết The credit card eliminates the need for
eliminate cash or cheques.
/ɪ'lɪmɪneɪt/ (v)
loại bỏ/loại trừ khả năng ai đó/thứ gì chịu Malaria was eliminated as a cause of
trách nhiệm cho việc gì hoặc được chọn cho death.
việc gì
Slavery was deleted/abolished in the US in 1865.
Fatty foods should be abolished/eliminated from the diet.
Love was a word he had eradicated/erased from his vocabulary since Susan’s going.
All swear words were abolished/deleted from the text.
He was later released after being eliminated/eradicated from the enquiry.
I eliminated/erased the chalk marks from the blackboard.
His ambition is to eradicate/delete poverty in his community.
Several important files were accidentally erased/abolished.
She ______ the wrong answer from her paper and filled in the correct one.
A. abolished B. erased C. eliminated D. eradicated 10.
This diet claims to ______ toxins from the body.
A. eliminate B. delete C. erase D. abolish
He has ______ more than 5,000 files from the memory of his computer.
abolished B. eliminated C. eradicated D. erased
The disease that once claimed millions of lives has now been ______. A. eradicated B. deleted
C. erased D. abolished
The company plans to ______ more than 2,000 jobs in the coming year.
delete B. abolish C. erase D. eliminate
Is monarchy relevant in the modern world or should it be ______?
abolished B. deleted C. eliminated D. eradicated
They have ______ a clause in the contract which says the company can make people redundant for
economic reasons.
eliminated B. deleted C. eradicated D. abolished 16. The police have ______ two suspects
from their investigation.
A. eradicated B. abolished C. eliminated D. erased
17. Over the past six years, we have ______ a whole range of direct taxes.
A. deleted B. eliminated C. erased D. abolished 18.
The email was accidentally ______.
A. eradicated B. deleted C. abolished D. eliminated
He wants a convincing victory to ______ doubts about his team’s ability to reach the World Cup
finals.
A. erase B. abolish C. eradicate D. eliminate
The advice often given is to dip heavily populated rocks in boiling water to ______ the pest. A.
delete B. eradicate C. erase D. abolish
220. Ý THỨC, NHẬN THỨC
REVIEW 1
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the blanks.
Choosing a career is a big deal. You will spend a significant amount of your life at work, so to enjoy
your job, remain motivated, and fulfil your potential, you need to make your career (1) ______ wisely.
You first need to know yourself.
This means taking stock of your skills and assessing your interests and values. It is important to
understand your range of skills and knowledge, so you can see if they are a good fit for the job you would
like to do. Being aware of the skills you have also helps to highlight any gaps that may need to be filled to
(2) ______ your goals. Make a list of all your transferable and specialist skills, with examples of when
you have (3) ______ each. An honest assessment of your skills, values and interests will prove useful
when narrowing down your options in the next step. You can also see where you measure up in terms of
the skills employers are (4) ______. Consider where you are now, where you want to be and how you are
going to get there when it comes to fulfilling your career aspirations. If choosing a career has left you
feeling lost, start by asking yourself these questions: What am I good at? What are my interests,
motivations, and values? What kind of lifestyle do I want? What is important to me? If you are struggling
to (5) ______ your strengths, weaknesses, and character traits, taking practice psychometric tests could
bring them to light. By the end of this step, you will have identified the sort of jobs that will suit you but
will not yet have enough information to make a decision on which to pursue.
(Adapted from https://www.prospects.ac.uk/)
A. selections B. choices C. alternatives D. elections
A. gain B. acquire C. obtain D. achieve
A. demonstrated B. verified C. validated D. established
A. pursuing B. looking for C. finding D. discovering
A. confirm B. decide C. identify D. determine
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in
each of the following questions.
He achieved his ambition to become a press photographer.
abandoned B. fulfilled C. limited D. restrained
We’re seeking for alternative materials which might bring the cost down.
setting off B. providing for C. looking for D. caring for
The castle was ruined when dynamite was used to demolish one of the corner towers.
damaged B. approached C. defended D. captured
Six theatre companies have been selected to take part in this year’s festival.
run B. supported C. backed D. chosen
I think these sales forecasts are unrealistic, considering how slow sales are at present.
proceeds B. predictions C. agreements D. contracts 11. They have just returned from
faraway places with wonderful stories to tell.
A. distant B. hiding C. suitable D. ideal
12. He had injured his left hand and was typing one-handed.
A. squeezed B. raised C. hurt D. lifted 13.
He tried to simulate surprise at the news.
A. hide B. pretend C. express D. register
He cited a lack of funds as the main reason for his decision.
cause B. instruction C. proposal D. inequality

A single mother and her children have been evicted from their home for not paying their rent for a few
months.
distinguished B. established C. ejected D. constrained 16. A new law was
passed to make divorce easier and simpler.
A. norm B. perception C. emotion D. regulation
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
I think you should find guidance from your lawyer on this matter.
A B C D
Campaigners are fighting to store a historical building.
A B C D
The single market is designed to delete barriers to the free movement of goods, services, and
A B C D people.
They every want to study in the UK, so they are trying their best to learn English.
A B C D
His whole life seemed to be ______ by fear.
reigned B. managed C. ruled D. headed
His company ______ the market for operating system software.
dominates B. rules C. manages D. reigns 23. Men can draw a(n) ______
from the age of sixty-five.
A. income B. pension C. wage D. stipend
The centre offers a ______ of leisure activities.
A. genre B. variety C. type D. category
I had to go to the bathroom so bad that I had nearly ______ my pants by the time I made it home.
A. watered B. moistened C. wet D. dripped
REVIEW 2
Recently we have been coming across quite a few songs that may sound like standard pop on the
surface but are pretty deep underneath. Perhaps Adele's “To Be Loved" should be placed in that (1)
______. The lyrics are not only poetic but to some extent vague. This thus leads to the potential of
varying interpretations. However, what it all seems to lead to is the singer being the type of person who is
predisposed towards guarding her heart and soul. In other words, she’s wise enough to know that if you
get deeply involved with the wrong type of lover or associate, the emotional consequences can be (2)
______. But at the same time, she concludes that she cannot live life without taking such risks.
Now considering that the album this song is derived from was inspired by her recent divorce, the
logical implication would be that Adele is primarily speaking to that situation. (3) ______, 'yeah, she took
bad turns’, i.e., made questionable decisions, in terms of whom she gave her trust to. But now ‘looking
back, she doesn't regret a thing’. Or put differently, it can also be said that she is the type of individual
who is ready to learn and grow even if it proves to be a (4) ______ process. Also, in some cases, i.e., her
relationship with the addressee, she is accordingly willing to sacrifice her own (5) ______ comfort and
ethics even in the name of 'being loved'.
Therefore, another way of looking at this tirade is as Adele’s way of saying that she did in fact give
her all to the marriage. Like she really "tried", but at the end of the day the implication is that her main
goal, which was "to be loved" by the addressee, was not (6) ______.
A. variety B. form C. category D. diversity

A. devastating B. fatal C. deadly D. lethal
A. In other words B. In short C. In addition D. For instance
A. ached B. painful C. injured D. scarred
A. single B. separate C. personal D. individual
A. realized B. acquired C. obtained D. gained
Language barriers hindered communication between scientists. A. impeded B. relaxed C.
engaged D. proposed
A small number of users are experiencing connectivity issues.
A. recognition B. instruction C. problems D. application 9.
He was incapable of governing the country, so he was forced to resign.
A. adapting B. ruling C. entertaining D. confusing 10.
His work provides important insight into language use.
A. proposal B. heritage C. understanding D. major 11.
This disease has been eradicated from the world.
A. eliminated B. damaged C. depleted D. destroyed
The stone will blend with the environment and integrate into the landscape.
bury B. combine C. broaden D. confide
The cottage is in the area that is remote from the usual tourist routes.
crowded B. degraded C. complicated D. isolated
The book describes his sporting career and gives little information about his personal life. A. breath-
taking B. private C. eligible D. exotic
Around fifteen thousand spectators came to watch the thrills and spills. A. onlookers B. experts
C. learners D. caretakers
A true leader takes responsibility for their team and helps them achieve goals.
duty B. instruction C. enrolment D. engagement
It was a hot sunny day, but luckily their seats for the game were in the shadow.
A B C D
The firm is in the envious position of having a full order book.
A B C D
She was released from school, after teachers said she would be a ‘bad
A B C influence'
on the other girls.
D
A subdirectory filled with precious data can be abolished if you are not careful.
A B C D
They waited for the group to decide rather than making private decisions.
A B C D
A double room with a balcony overlooking the sea has been preserved for him.
B C D
Their website features a large ______ of photographs.
election B. alternative C. selection D. option

It turns out that a large proportion of the abilities fall under the ______ of emotional intelligence.
category B. genre C. form D. variety
Unable to tell his wife that he's lost his job as an accountant, he ______ to go to work when really he
spends the day drifting through London.
simulates B. imitates C. pretends D. poses
Just as I had finished ______ these messages, I received another incoming call.
abolishing B. deleting C. eradicating D. eliminating
He was such a bad pilot, having trouble ______ and landing the aircraft, that they would not let him rent
the plane without a rental company employee to accompany him!
heading B. ruling C. dominating D. controlling
The hospital’s front gate was closed, and a sign said patients and employees were ______ from leaving
and no items used in the building could be removed.
hindered B. barred C. deterred D. blocked
Universities have to provide student ______ for first-year students.
accommodation B. house C. household D. home
His first anniversary was ______ when thieves broke into his shop and removed goods valued at around
£18,000.
demolished B. defaced C. ruined D. disfigured
REVIEW 3
Learning is all about change, and change drives learning. The two are inevitable and go hand in
glove. Change imposes gaps between what is and what is going to be, or between what was and what is
now. Change (1) ______ opportunities and imposes demands. In the workforce and other areas of life,
change raises questions about readiness to take advantage of opportunities or to face demands for
different (2) ______ of behaving and interacting and more demanding goals to achieve. Learning can
bring about change by creating new capabilities and opening the door to new and unexpected
opportunities. As such, learning is risky. It upsets the status quo, raising ambiguities and (3) ______. It
also has the potential to empower a person to influence the future, providing choices that would not be
available otherwise.
Change and learning (4) ______ throughout our lives. Indeed, we spend our early lives in educational
settings that give us life skills, but ultimately prepare us for a career. The question is whether we also
learn how to learn so that we are prepared to face change and create positive change for ourselves and
others. Adaptive learners are prepared to make incremental changes. Generative learners are ready for
transformational change. They (5) ______ new ideas and skills, experiment with new behaviours, and set
challenging goals for themselves that bring them to new ideal states. Transformative learners have the
skills to confront and create frame-breaking change. For them, change is the process of recognizing gaps,
setting goals, establishing a learning plan, and (6) ______ motivation for carrying out the plan to achieve
the goals.
A. makes B. produces C. creates D. fabricates
A. ways B. means C. techniques D. approaches
A. disbelief B. suspicions C. uncertainties D. mistrust
A. strike B. occur C. enter D. suggest
A. request B. beg C. invite D. seek
A. maintaining B. storing C. reserving D. conserving

This company manufactures wool and cotton clothing in standardized sizes. A. mends B. dries
C. produces D. changes
The society was set up to save endangered and rare species from extinction.
preserve B. survive C. grow D. live
Last year saw the band accomplish major music career milestones, including a Super Bowl halftime
performance and the release of a greatest hits compilation, The Highlights.
celebrate B. mark C. research D. achieve
Over the course of the pandemic, elderly people have tended to suffer far more serious consequences
from COVID-19 than children have.
old B. sustainable C. degraded D. natural
His theories have generated a great deal of interest among other scientists. A. attracted B.
created C. lost D. expressed
The company may be forced to lower prices in order to stay competitive.
reduce B. develop C. exchange D. change 13. Collins has been looking for work for 18
months now.
A. declining B. interfering C. seeking D. proposing 14.
Two hours had passed and still nothing had happened.
A. majored B. occurred C. maintained D. contributed 15.
The case was dismissed for lack of evidence.
A. entertainment B. abundance C. dearth D. affluence
Householders may be charged for the removal of non-recyclable rubbish.
garbage B. nonsense C. heritage D. infection
The company has done a poor job of conserving its computer network.
B C D
Any newspaper would pay big money to get the interior story on her marriage.
A B C D
The machine is too big to be empirical for most private homes.
A B C D
The central bank is likely to rise interest rates in the next two months in response to domestic
A B C inflation
topping 5%.
D
Even though the university system grew rapidly, demand for places in some subjects began
A B C to
outdo supply.
D
They are hoping to ______ pay for workers with similar jobs.
match B. equalize C. level D. balance 23. She had no ______ but to break the law.
A. selection B. election C. range D. alternative 24.
Four people were seriously ______ in the explosion.
A. wounded B. pained C. ached D. sprained
The amount of money a country spends on health care does positively correlate with increased ______.
longevity B. lifetime C. permanence D. continuance

That afternoon, the prime minister was presented with a royal letter ______ him and ordering him to
leave the country immediately.
evicting B. dismissing C. ejecting D. releasing
We need to develop an online shopping application and ______ it into our website. A. combine
B. unite C. integrate D. merge
REVIEW 4
The company has disclosed that it will be laying off thousands of workers later this year.
revealed B. kept C. attained D. acquired
I don’t know why she was so critical of me tonight - it’s like she was trying to pick a quarrel or
something.
ambition B. reputation C. row D. verification
The trial will evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs. A. destroy B. maximize C.
enhance D. assess
The gunmen paused only to cut the wires to the house, then vanished into the countryside. A.
provided B. disappeared C. continued D. required
Inside is a computerized device that looks like a small turtle.
resembles B. offers C. assembles D. matters
The head of the department was severely reprimanded for failing to report computer thefts.
gathered B. suggested C. rebuked D. deceived
He didn't realize his ambition of becoming a dancer because he lost a leg in a motorcycle accident.
recognize B. achieve C. identify D. succeed
I don't really want a bigger house - I’m satisfied with what I’ve got.
pleased B. detailed C. complicated D. amazed
We can infer from the archaeological evidence that there was slavery in the region.
offer B. export C. present D. deduce 10. He endured five years as a prisoner of war.
A. implied B. suffered C. imported D. generated
He's one of the most ardent supporters of the administration's policy.
half-hearted B. discouraging C. passionate D. deceptive
A mental disease is a health problem that significantly affects how a person feels, thinks,
A B C behaves,
and interacts with other people.
D
She is being lifted bodily by a policeman, easily, for she is obese and frail.
A B C D
In this period, there were 974 outbreaks of communicative disease attributed
B C D to the consumption of raw milk.
The affordable housing issue, along with trouble finding child-rearing, leaves
A B families
in the safehouse far longer than before.
C D
She is very creative - she really enjoys doing new dishes by combining

A B C unusual
ingredients.
D
An angel was ______ precariously on top of the Christmas tree.
matching B. balancing C. levelling D. equalizing 18. His
kind words ______ her sadness.
A. dissolved B. vanished C. evaporated D. faded 19.
The department provides a(n) ______ atmosphere for research.
A. compatible B. adaptable C. congenial D. appropriate 20.
There was no danger of ______ the infection through operations.
A. transforming B. converting C. transiting D. transmitting 21.
He has always found it hard to express his ______.
A. emotions B. dispositions C. moods D. tempers
A working woman needs to organize her life to ______ her professional and family
life. A. match B. balance C. equalize D. level
Drivers on the M25 are likely to ______ fog and black ice tonight. A. survive
B. overcome C. encounter D. suffer
REVIEW 5
Many people experience stress or anxiety before an exam. In fact, a little nervousness can actually
help you perform your best. (1) ______, when this distress becomes so excessive that it interferes with
performance on an exam, it is known as test anxiety. What does it feel like to experience test anxiety?
You paid attention in class, took detailed notes, read every chapter, and even attended extra study
sessions after class, so you should do great on that big exam, right? When the test is presented, however,
you find yourself so (2) ______ that you blank out the answers to even the easiest questions. If this
experience sounds familiar, then you might be experiencing test anxiety.
Test anxiety is a psychological condition in which people experience extreme distress and anxiety in
testing situations. In situations where the pressure is on and where a good performance counts, people can
become so (3) ______ that they are unable to do their best.
The severity of test anxiety can vary (4) ______ from one person to another. Some people might feel
like they have "butterflies" in their stomach and while others might find it very difficult to concentrate on
the exam.
While test anxiety can be very stressful for students who experience it, many people do not realize
that is quite common. Nervousness and anxiety are perfectly (5) ______ reactions to stress. For some
people, however, this fear can become so intense that it interferes with their (6) ______ to perform well.
(https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-test-anxiety-2795368)
A. In addition B. However C. Accordingly D. Thus
A. nervous B. bothered C. stressed-out D. concerned
A. stressed-out B. concerned C. anxious D. bothered
A. considerably B. slightly C. consequently D. lightly
A. habitual B. customary C. conventional D. normal
A. likelihood B. possibility C. ability D. prospect
There is a low probability that he will be chosen.

pretext B. error C. likelihood D. reason
It was something of a hollow victory - she won the case but lost all her savings in legal fees.
empty B. vacant C. unoccupied D. insincere 9. Few creatures can thrive
on these barren mountaintops.
A. complex B. infertile C. brilliant D. bright
Thanks to the deal, he earned a lot of money and became a very wealthy man.
successful B. impoverished C. rich D. flourishing
I think a lot of people who are drawn to witchcraft sometimes will get a tattoo or mark themselves in
some way to denote a rite of passage or an experience.
indicate B. exchange C. manufacture D. create
The emails were presented as evidence of his involvement in the fraud. A. creativity B.
generation C. proof D. influence
In a prosperous country like the United States, no one should go hungry.
beneficial B. impoverished C. influential D. flourishing
I'm not sure it’s worth the upheaval of moving to gain just a little more space.
intervention B. interference C. disruption D. emotion
The model results were subsequently certified experimentally, and others are readily testable.
B C D
In the first 24 hours after childbearing, it rapidly drops back down to normal levels.
B C D
He died at home after a long disease.
A B C D
Almost any bladed or sharply pointed article is potentially a fatal weapon.
A B C D
Higher risk people might develop a stronger and more permanent voice in shaping popular attitudes
A
towards communicative disease and public health.
B C D
His stepmother ______ him for his mistakes. Initially, Jack would reply sharply, but each time he felt the
sting of his stepmother’s ringed hand on his cheek, he sank further into silence.
complimented B. berated C. praised D. condemned
I’ve always believed emotion is good for painting, but I'm afraid I'm not in the best ______ to create
anything today.
mood B. spirit C. temper D. disposition
Would I be ______ if I came along with you to the party?
trespassing B. invading C. intruding D. encroaching
Designed by Thomas ahead of a demonstration in Adelaide in 1971, the flag has since become a(n)
______ for Aboriginal Australians and is often seen flying from government buildings. A. banner
B. slogan C. motto D. emblem
The club ______ people of all abilities and age groups to come along.
salute B. welcomes C. bows D. greets
In Hong Kong, a person is defined as underemployed when he or she is ______ to work less than 35
hours a week.

hired B. leased C. rented D. chartered
REVIEW 6
1. Laura had ______ to inform me that the company was having financial problems.
A. omitted B. overlooked C. neglected D. ignored 2.
We had a long and difficult ______ across the mountains.
A. excursion B. journey C. picnic D. voyage
His political ______ ended when he was found to have been accepting bribes.
career B. work C. occupation D. profession
Their ______ goal is to promote healthy growth and development
last B. eventual C. ultimate D. final
Most travel agents are prepared to ______ travel arrangements to meet individual requirements. A.
correct B. adjust C. adapt D. tailor
I ______ from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident.
implied B. denoted C. inferred D. referred
In hot weather, the most important thing to do is ______ water.
preserve B. conserve C. maintain D. reserve 8. Officials are looking to ______ successful
ideas from other cities. A. emulate B. copy C. counterfeit D. mimic
She accused the government of trampling on the needs and rights of the ______ citizen.
A. customary B. normal C. usual D. ordinary
He escaped a ban in 2010 despite leaving an accident ______ after crashing. A. scenery
B. landscape C. scene D. sight
When David was little, his grandmother used to ______ him a bedtime story every night.
speak B. tell C. talk D. say
Her popularity as a singer has ______ since the glory days of the 1980s. A. reduced
B. declined C. depleted D. diminished
The novel vividly ______ the life of the Irish in Australia.
remembers B. evokes C. reminisces D. reminds 14. Mr John Brown was a
______ in the car when it crashed.
A. client B. customer C. passenger D. guest
They are already battling to ______ illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.
eliminate B. remove C. delete D. eradicate
Linda ______ a group of people standing on the bank of a river.
glared B. glimpsed C. glanced D. stared
I ______ my old high school teacher from the photograph.
recognized B. realized C. acknowledged D. accredited 18. Companies are ______ by law to
carry out regular safety checks.
A. constrained B. compelled C. obliged D. impelled
The pyramids are an eloquent ______ to the ancient Egyptians' engineering skills. A. proof B.
evidence C. warrant D. testimony
The bank will insist you produce a driving ______ or passport as a form of ID.
licence B. degree C. certificate D. diploma
Some of the household products that ______ hazardous chemicals are oven cleaners, toilet-bowl cleaners,
etc.
consist of B. comprise C. contain D. include 22. We walked along the
______ for five miles.
A. sea B. seaside C. ocean D. coast

I'm a bit ______ about the arrangements for tonight - what time are we meeting? A.
embarrassed B. confused C. puzzled D. baffled
For seeds to germinate, you need to keep the growing ______ damp but not too wet.
ground B. land C. soil D. earth
The play follows the ______ story of the couple whose daughter has an extreme form of
Asperger's syndrome.
true B. correct C. exact D. precise
John was ______ from school for bad behavior towards his teachers. A. released B.
dismissed C. ejected D. expelled
Laura is attractive, of ______ build, with blue eyes. A. skinny B. slim C. fragile
D. slight
We don't ______ them only in bricklaying, but also in other building techniques. A. coach
B. train C. educate D. teach
She has a(n) ______ memory and can remember details and names that I've long forgotten.
A. weird B. peculiar C. extraordinary D. bizarre
Children who have suffered like this should see a(n) ______ experienced in bereavement.
A. lawyer B. counsellor C. advisor D. solicitor
Smoking and drinking ______ with your body's ability to process oxygen.
intervene B. intercede C. interrupt D. interfere 32. The average national weekly ______ is
about $120.
A. pension B. salary C. wage D. income
The school has decided to adopt a different ______ to discipline. A. approach B. method C.
technique D. way
Symptoms may not appear for some weeks, so ______ can be difficult.
prediction B. estimation C. diagnosis D. forecast
Existing users can ______ from the previous version free of charge. A. renovate B. upgrade
C. renew D. update
Our airline is now a serious ______ to many of the bigger companies.
enemy B. opponent C. competitor D. rival
The illness is common in newborn ______ and is easily treated.
toddlers B. babies C. infants D. children
In 1989 the ______ of coffee fell so low that in many countries it did not even cover the ______ of
production.
cost-price B. value-worth C. worth-value D. price-cost 39. I've just met Linda in the
hairdresser's and the new hairstyle really ______ her.
A. fits B. matches C. suits D. goes with
40. The seasoning really brings out the ______ of the meat.

Từ Cùng Trường Nghĩa Trong Tiếng Anh

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Từ cù ng trườ ng nghĩa trong Tiếng Anh – Trang Anh – Quỳnh Trang

Circle the word which best fits the sentence.

Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.

imitate somebody/something bắt - She can imitate the calls of many

[ngoại động từ] forge something to forge a passport/banknote

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đó chứ không phải về công việc = personal life.

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[C, U] hành động chỉ/dạy/hướng Sandra and Nigel provided a

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employment for thousands of people.

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không như bình thường hoặc thông an extraordinary achievement

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với mục đích là phần giới introductory courses/lectures

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một người/nhóm người/tổ chức/công He finished 39 seconds ahead of his main

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limit /'lɪmɪt/ (v)

81. NHỚ, GỢI LẠI

* Note: between vs. among

detain somebody I’m sorry I’m late - I was unavoidably

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TẢ I SÁ CH TẠ I: TAISACHONTHI.COM Page 121

nghi thức, nghi lễ, một dịp an awards/opening ceremony

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lừa dối chồng/vợ/bạn trai/bạn gái... ~ Jack is cheating on his wife.

122. LUẬT, QUY TẮC

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[U] những nguyên tắc về những hành vi đúng legal etiquette

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người quản lý, có trách nhiệm điều a bank/hotel manager

cơ quan quản lý (một người hoặc tổ the gas/water/telecommunications

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TẢ I SÁ CH TẠ I: TAISACHONTHI.COM Page 141

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[C, usually plural] một He stays in cheap lodgings near the

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TẢ I SÁ CH TẠ I: TAISACHONTHI.COM Page 143

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TẢ I SÁ CH TẠ I: TAISACHONTHI.COM Page 144

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TẢ I SÁ CH TẠ I: TAISACHONTHI.COM Page 158

devastate devastate something Western India was devastated by a

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nhiều nơi, có ở nhiều người - They share a common interest in

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