Tu Cung Truong Nghia

Từ cùng trường nghĩa trong Tiếng Anh – Trang Anh – Quỳnh Trang
210 ủy ban commission - committee 201-220

211 Ướt, làm ướt drip - water - moisten - wet - dampen - splash 201-220
212 Vấn đề matter - problem - issue - affair - setback - obstacle - 201-220
hindrance
213 Vị flavor - taste - savor - tang 201-220
214 Vượt quá surpass - transcend - exceed - outrun - outdo - 201-220
outperform
215 Xa far - remote - isolated - distant - far- flung - faraway 201-220
216 Xác nhận certify - verify - confirm 201-220
217 Xâm lấn encroach - trespass - invade - intrude 201-220
218 Xấu hổ, ngượng shy - timid - reserved - ashamed - bashful - inhibited 201-220
- embarrassed
219 Xóa bỏ, loại bỏ Delete - Erase - Eradicate - Abolish - Eliminate 201-220
220 Ý thức, nhận thức perception - awareness - understanding - insight - 201-220
conception
Review 1
Review 2
Review 3
Review 4
Review 5
Review 6
ĐÁP ÁN
1. ÁM CHỈ
imply ám chỉ rằng điều gì đó là đúng sự thật Are you implying/suggesting that I'm
/ɪm'plaɪ/ hoặc bạn cảm thấy/nghĩ thấy điều gì mà fat?
(v) không cần phải nói thẳng ra
~ suggest /sə'dʒest/ (v)
làm cho điều gì có thể là điều đúng với sự The fact that she was here implies a
thực hoặc có tồn tại: hàm ý, ngụ ý degree of interest.
~ suggest
infer hình thành một quan điểm/đoán rằng điều I inferred from her expression that she
/m'fe:(r)/ gì đó là đúng sự thực dựa trên những wanted to leave.
(v) thông tin mà bạn có sẵn: suy ra, luận ra ~
deduce /dɪ'dju:s/ (v)
refer refer to somebody/something - This paragraph refers to the events of
/rɪ'fɜ:(r)/ (phrasal verb) last year.
(v) miêu tả hoặc có liên quan đến ai/thứ gì - These figures refer only to full-time
employees.
denote là một dấu hiệu của điều gì/việc gì: biểu A very high temperature
/dɪ'nəʊt/ hiện, biểu thị, chứng tỏ often denotes a serious illness.
(v) ~ indicate /'indɪkeɪt/ (v)
*imply và infer có nghĩa trái ngược nhau. Hai từ này có thể miêu tả cùng một sự việc nhưng từ những góc
nhìn khác nhau: imply - từ góc nhìn của người nói/viết; infer - từ góc nhìn của người nghe/đọc.
E.g. The article implied that the pilot was responsible for the accident.
TẢI SÁCH TẠI: TAISACHONTHI.COM Page 8

I inferred from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. Are you referring to/suggesting (that) I look fat in these trousers?
2. I disliked the inferred/implied criticism in his voice.
3. Red eyes infer/denote strain and fatigue.
4. The star refers to/denotes items which are intended for the advanced learner.
5. All the evidence suggests/refers to (that) he stole the money.
6. Campaigners said the data deduces/implies the existence of ‘a pressing social need'.
7. I inferred/implied from what she said that you have not been well.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
8. The term 'Art' usually _______ to humanities and social sciences.
A. denotes B. implies C. refers D. suggests
9. His angry tone _______ extreme displeasure.
A. referred B. denoted C. inferred D. deduced
10. He _______ that she was not interested in a relationship from what she said in her letter.
A. implied B. denoted C. indicated D. inferred
11. I'm not _______ anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight?
A. implying B. indicating C. deducing D. referring
12. Readers are left to _______ the killer's motives.
A. imply B. infer C. denote D. refer
13. The town’s name may _______ to a nearby underground spring.
A. refer B. infer C. suggest D. imply
14. Exports in June rose 1.5%, _______ that the economy was stronger than many investors thought.
A. referring B. deducing C. implying D. inferring
15. There was a message waiting, _______ that someone had been here ahead of her.
A. deducing B. inferring C. referring D. denoting
16. Did you think the word 'underclass' _______ to those left out of most privileges afforded by society?
A. infers B. deduces C. indicates D. refers
17. The high level of radiation in the rocks _______ that they are volcanic in origin.
A. deduces B. implies C. infers D. refers
18. Much of the meaning must be _______ from the context.
A. inferred B. indicated C. implied D. referred
19. Removing one's footwear before entering a home or a temple before worship _______ a sign of
respect, humility, and submissiveness.
A. infers B. refers C. denotes D. deduces
2. ẨM ƯỚT
humid (không khí hoặc khí hậu) ấm và hơi They were not prepared for
/'hju:mɪd/ (adj) ướt: ẩm, ẩm ướt the humid heat of the tropical forest.
wet được bao phủ hoặc có chứa chất lỏng, Her hair was still dripping wet.
/wet/ (adj) đặc biệt là nước: ướt, đẫm nước
damp hơi ướt, thường với cách mà không dễ damp clothes
/dæmp/ (adj) chịu: ướt, ẩm thấp, ẩm ướt
soaked [thường không đứng trước danh - He woke up soaked with sweat.
/səʊkt/ (adj) từ] soaked (with something) rất - rain-soaked clothing
ướt: ướt đẫm
~ drenched /drentʃt/(adj) *-soaked ghép
với danh từ để miêu tả thứ gì bị làm ướt
hoàn toàn bởi thứ được đề cập đến
moist hơi ướt, thường với cách mà dễ chịu a rich moist cake
/mɔɪst/ (adj) hoặc có ích: ấm, ấm ướt

triển của một việc khác

- The anti-smoking campaign
impact had had/made quite an impact on young
ảnh hưởng, tác động của một ai đó,
/'ɪm.pækt/ people.
một vật nào đó lên ai khác, vật khác
(n) - the environmental impact of tourism
- a positive/a negative/an adverse impact
1. Peer group members can exert a strong effect/influence on each other's activities.
2. The results indicate that any disruption in supplies of REM would have a negative impact/effect on the
industry.
3. I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn't have any effect/influence.
4. She's an excellent athlete who is already making a real impact/effect in world competition.
5. He couldn't hope to exert any real effect/influence in the new department.
6. Scientists are studying the chemical's impact/effect upon the environment.
7. The NAFTA agreement has had little effect/influence on the lives of most Americans.
4. CHỨNG CHỈ, BẰNG CẤP
bằng cấp do các trường đại học cấp
khi sinh viên hoàn thành chương trình - She has a degree in physics from
degree
học và sắp ra trường Edinburgh.
/dɪ'gri:/
(một khóa học cấp bằng thường kéo - She has a master's degree in history
(n)
dài từ 3 đến 4 năm, thường được trao from Yale.
bởi những trường đại học uy tín)
chứng chỉ, văn bằng do các trường đại
học, cao đẳng và trường kỹ thuật cấp - I’m taking a two-
diploma
(một khóa học cấp bằng chỉ kéo dài từ year diploma course.
/dɪ'pləʊ.mə/
1 đến 2 năm, có thể được trao bởi bất - Everyone was given a diploma at the
(n)
kỳ cơ sở giáo dục nào, kể cả các cơ sở end of the course.
giáo dục tư nhân)
giấy phép, một tài liệu chính thức cho - Applicants must hold a valid
licence
phép bạn sở hữu, làm hoặc sử dụng driving licence.
/ 'laɪ.səns/
thứ gì đó, thường là sau khi bạn đã trả - He was caught driving a car without
(n)
tiền hoặc đã hoàn thành bài kiểm tra a licence.
- giấy chứng nhận (một tài liệu chính
thức nói rằng thông tin trên đó là
đúng) -a
certificate /sə'tɪf.ɪ.kət/ - một tài liệu chính thức chứng minh birth/marriage/death/health certificate.
(n) rằng bạn đã hoàn thành một khóa học - She has a certificate in Drama
hoặc vượt qua một kỳ thi; một bằng Education
cấp đạt được sau một khóa học hoặc
một kỳ thi
1. The bank will insist you produce a driving licence/diploma or passport as a form of ID.
2. John tries to earn a bachelor's diploma/degree from a top-ranked university at an affordable price.
3. Your birth certiflcate/license is an important personal document because it's proof of identity for many
purposes.
4. Anyone with a high school diploma/certificate can enrol in the course.
5. He found a copy of his parents' marriage certificate/licence.
6. Jimmy is a graduate of Cambridge University and he earned a master's degree/diploma in Economics.
7. The owner of land could grant a licence/certificate to cut and remove timber.


8. She takes a four-year _______ course to be in pursuit of her dreams of becoming a doctor.
A. diploma B. licence C. certificate D. degree
9. The college offers the Higher National _______, which takes two years to complete, in computer
studies.
A. Licence B. Diploma C. Degree D. Certificate
10. A _______ of completion will be issued to all who complete the course.
A. degree B. diploma C. certificate D. licence
11. The company has won the _______ to run trains from the south coast to London.
A. licence B. certificate C. diploma D. degree
12. Everyone entering the country needs to show a health _______.
A. licence B. diploma C. degree D. certificate
5. BẰNG CHỨNG
[U] thông tin được sử dụng ở tòa để He was asked to give evidence
chứng minh điều gì đó: chứng cớ, (= to say what he knew, describe
bồng chứng what he had seen, etc.) at the
trial.
evidence
[U] thông tin/dấu hiệu/vật thể khiến - The room bore evidence of a
/'evɪdəns/ (n)
bạn tin rằng điều gì đó là đúng sự struggle.
thật: chứng cứ - Archaeologists found evidence
of a rich and varied culture at
the settlement.
[U] thông tin, giấy tờ,... chứng - Can you provide any proof
minh/thể hiện điều gì đó là đúng sự of identity?
thật: chứng cớ, bằng chứng - There is no proof that the knife
~ evidence belonged to her.
proof
*be living proof of something/that - He is living proof that age is no
/pru:f/ (n)
... barrier to new challenges.
thể hiện bằng các hành động hoặc
các phẩm chất để chứng minh một
điều gì là đúng sự thật
[C, U] chứng nhận (bằng lời hoặc Her claim was supported by
bằng hình thức viết) để nói rằng điều the testimony of several
mà bạn biết là đúng sự thật (thường witnesses.
được dùng ở toà): lời chứng, bản
chứng nhận
testimony
[U, singular] (trang His thick, swollen fingers
/'testɪməni/ (n)
trọng) testimony (to bore testimony to a lifetime of
something) một thứ/điều gì thể hiện toil.
rằng một điều gì đó khác tồn tại hoặc
đúng sự thật: sự chứng nhận
~ testament /'testəmənt/ (n)
[U] những giấy tờ chính thức hoặc Passengers without the
documentation hợp pháp được yêu cầu để chứng correct documentation
/,dɒkjumen'teɪʃn/ minh điều gì đó: những tài liệu làm (= official papers saying who
(n) bằng chứng they are) will not be allowed to
travel.
warrant [C] warrant (for something) giấy warrants for equity shares
/'wɒrənt/ (n) tờ chính thức và hợp pháp chứng

nhận rằng bạn có quyền làm điều gì

đó, ví dụ như nhận tiền/dịch vụ/hàng
hoá hoặc mua cổ phần của một công
ty ...: giấy chứng nhận
1. We will issue you with a travel warrant/proof
2. The witness was called to give oral testimony/warrant about the incident outside the theatre.
3. Available warrant/evidence points to pilot error as the cause of the crash.
4. Many lenders are now requiring borrowers to provide documentation/testament of their income.
5. You will need to have proof/testimony of citizenship in order to get a passport.
6. That so many people came is a warrant/testament to her powers of persuasion.
7. The police officer took a statement which was later used in testament/evidence.
8. These results are a testimony/documentation to the coach’s skill and hard work.
9. The popularity of diet fads is a _______ to the fact that people want a quick fix for their health and
weight problems.
A. documentation B. warrant C. testimony D. coupon
10. There is increasing _______ that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop
some types of cancer.
A. testament B. evidence C. documentation D. warrant
11. She’s living _______ that success is possible for a woman in this field.
A. evidence B. documentation C. proof D. testimony
12. They couldn’t enter the country because they didn't have all the necessary _______
A. testament B. testimony C. documentation D. coupon
13. According to the court, the _______ of Peter’s friends that he was asleep in his room did not
correspond to each other in terms of time, place, and other details.
A. testimonies B. testaments C. documentation D. warrants
14. Keep your receipts as _______ of your purchases.
A. warrant B. proof C. testament D. coupon
15. The _______ proves clearly and beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty.
A. evidence B. documentation C. warrant D. testament
16. He claims that he was home when the murder was committed, but he has no _______
A. proof B. testimony C. documentation D. testament
17. Our advance in the face of relentless competition is a(n) _______ to the commitment of our
marketing division.
A. warrant B. evidence C. documentation D. testimony
18. A group of concerned teachers met at the Central Province Travel Agency over delays in processing
travel _______.
A. warrants B. testaments C. coupons D. testimonies
19. The detail of her wildlife paintings is a(n) _______ to her powers of observation.
A. evidence B. documentation C. testament D. warrant
20. You would need to bring in something with your Vietnamese address on it as _______ of residence.
A. testimony B. testament C. warrant D. proof
6. BAO GỒM, GỒM CÓ
bao gồm, đứng sau include chúng ta - The tour included a visit to the
include không cần liệt kê đầy đủ các thành Science Museum.
/in'klu:d/ phần của cái toàn thể - The guide includes general
(v) information for instructors as well as
answers to specific questions.
contain chứa đựng cái gì đó bên trong - Whisky contains a large percentage of

/kən'teɪn/ alcohol
(v) - The documents contain sensitive
information.
gồm có, được cấu tạo nên từ, sau đó - The team consists of four European
consist of
liệt kê các thành phần tạo nên nó and two Americans.
/kən'sɪst əv/
(không chia bị động) - My role seemed to consist of standing
(v)
and smiling at people.
(= be comprised of) bao gồm, được - Water is composed of hydrogen and
comprise
cấu thành từ, được sử dụng với nghĩa oxygen.
/kəm'praɪz/
giống như "consist of’ nhưng trong - The collection comprises 327
(v)
văn cảnh trang trọng paintings.
1. Symptoms of the illness include/contain a high temperature and a persistent dry cough.
2. My breakfast often includes/consists of dry bread and a cup of tea.
3. The class is comprised/consisted mainly of Italian and French students.
4. Additional benefits comprise/include a company car and free health insurance.
5. Raw vegetables contain/include more potassium than cooked ones.
6. The ploughman's is a simple meal containing/consisting of cheese, bread and pickles.
7. These cells contain/comprise genes and proteins that interact with one another.
8. His supporters are _______ mainly of evangelical Christians.
A. included B. contained C. comprised D. consisted
9. This year’s team, coached by Jeff Jackson, _______ entirely of college players.
A. consisted B. comprised C. included D. contained
10. Electronic products _______ hazardous materials that cannot be deposited in landfills.
A. comprise B. contain C. consist D. include
11. I couldn't list all the people you invited but it might _______ students from a local school, as well as
their parents.
A. comprise B. consist C. contain D. include
12. He handed over a brown envelope _______ a hundred dollar bills.
A. consisting B. comprising C. containing D. including
7. BẢO TỒN, GIỮ
giữ cho một cái gì (thường là có giá Campaigners are fighting
trị) hoặc điều gì ở nguyên trạng thái to preserve this house because it was
ban đầu/trong tình trạng tốt nhất bằng where Sherlock Holmes lived.
preserve
cách không thay đổi hoặc thậm chí
/prɪ'zɜ:v/ (v)
không sử dụng đến nó bởi vì một khi
nó bị hỏng/mất đi thì không có thứ
khác để thay thế
giữ gìn/bảo vệ/sử dụng cái gì để ngăn New laws have been enacted
cho nó không bị hư hại/thay đổi/lãng to conserve wildlife in this area.
conserve phí vì nếu khi nó bị sử dụng hết thì sẽ
/kən'sɜ:v/ (v) khó có thứ khác để thay thế
sử dụng cái gì càng ít càng tốt để có We are cutting down on our heating
thể dùng được lâu to conserve electricity.
bảo trì - giữ cho cái gì Money raised from tickets and tours
maintain (nhà/đường/máy móc ...) ở tình trạng will go
/meɪn'teɪn/ (v) tốt bằng cách kiểm tra hoặc sửa chữa towards maintaining Scarborough
thường xuyên Castle.

duy trì điều gì đó để nó tiếp tục giữ In between meals, she maintains her
nguyên được vị thế/trình độ/trạng sugar levels by eating a piece of cake
thái... or fruit.
giữ cái gì đó ở đâu đó để sau này He stored all his possessions in his
store
dùng parents’ house while he was
/stɔ:(r)/ (v)
travelling abroad.
giữ chỗ/bàn/phòng... để nó không bị These seats are reserved for pregnant
reserve
người khác sử dụng hoặc sử dụng cho women and disabled people.
/rɪ'zɜ:v/ (v)
mục đích khác
1. The government needs to focus on types of housing which conserve/reserve resources, particularly
water.
2. The United Kingdom wants to maintain/store its position as a world power.
3. I’ve come to pay for and collect my tickets - I stored/reserved them by phone yesterday in the name of
Amanda.
4. If you get there early, please reserve/maintain a seat for me.
5. This is a beautiful old house. We must preserve/store the character of the house.
6. That warehouse is being used to maintain/store food and clothes for the refugees from Afghanistan.
7. The accident occurred due to a malfunction of the safety equipment. One report found out that the
equipment had been very poorly maintained/stored.
8. After getting married, she was determined to preserve/conserve her independence and way of life. She
didn't quit her job and continued going to her favorite pub to enjoy a drink at weekends.
9. "Had you forgotten about our wedding anniversary?" - "Of course not! I’ve _______ a table at Septime
restaurant for this evening."
A. saved B. reserved C. maintained D. stored
10. Renewable energy resources can help _______ fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions.
A. preserve B. conserve C. reserve D. maintain
11. The waiter told us that those seats were _______ for special guests.
A. preserved B. conserved C. maintained D. reserved
12. This is a very ancient town. We must keep its old part intact. We therefore want to _______ the old
buildings of the town while improving the residential areas.
A. preserve B. conserve C. reserve D. store
13. To _______ a species in the wild, we should protect its natural habitat.
A. conserve B. reserve C. store D. shield
14. The company is responsible for _______ public telephone boxes. They have to be checked regularly.
A. maintaining B. conserving C. preserving D. storing
15. All of my old books, magazines, and newspapers are _______ in boxes in my parents' old house.
A. maintained B. conserved C. stored D. preserved
8. BẮT BUỘC
[thường ở dạng bị động] khiến ai đó làm việc The President was forced
gì mà họ không muốn (việc khó khăn/không dễ into resigning.
force chịu/bất thường), đặc biệt là bằng cách đe doạ
/fɔ:s/ (v) hoặc không cho phép bất kì sự lựa chọn nào
khác: ép buộc, bắt buộc, cưỡng ép
~ compel /kəm'pel/ (v)
[trang trọng) [ngoại động từ, thường dùng ở The law does not oblige sellers
oblige /ə'blaɪʤ/
dạng bị động] to accept the highest offer.
(v)
oblige somebody to do something

11. Parents are _______ by law to send their children to school.

A. pushed B. constrained C. obliged D. driven
12. The destruction of the rainforest may _______ certain species to extinction.
A. force B. push C. obliged D. drive
13. The gunman _______ a woman to drive him across the city, stopping to shoot at bystanders.
A. drove B. forced C. impelled D. obliged
14. She claimed she had been _______ into posing for the photographs.
A. obliged B. impelled C. pushed D. driven
15. She felt _______ from continuing by the threat of losing her job.
A. forced B. impelled C. obliged D. constrained
16. Recent events have _______ the stock market to lows not seen in ten years.
A. driven B. pushed C. impelled D. forced
17. I didn’t actually want any more dessert, but Julia _______ it on me.
A. pushed B. forced C. driven D. impelled
18. For months, the countries have introduced tough new measures after tough new measures - at times,
within hours of one another - to _______ citizens to get vaccinated against COVID-19 or face the
consequences.
A. blackmail B. threaten C. milk D. impel
9. BẮT CHƯỚC
[ngoại động từ] She copies everything her sister does.
copy somebody/something
cư xử hoặc làm việc gì giống như cách
mà ai đó khác làm: bắt chước, phỏng
theo
~ imitate
copy
[ngoại động từ] làm ra cái gì y hệt như - He taught himself
/'kɒpi/ (v)
bản gốc: sao chép; chép lại/ghi lại thứ by copying paintings in the
gì; sao chép lại thứ gì để lúc khác dùng Louvre.
- The students copied the sentences
from the whiteboard.
- You can copy the data to your new
laptop in the usual way.
imitate somebody/something - She can imitate the calls of many
bắt chước/làm theo ai đó/thứ gì different birds.
imitate - vegetarian products
/'ɪmɪteɪt/ which imitate meat
(v) bắt chước cách ai đó nói hoặc hành xử As I returned to the table, he stood up
để khiến người khác cười and imitated me, pretending to
~ mimic smooth a skirt and fix his hair.
bắt chước cách ai đó nói/di chuyển/hành He could mimic all the teachers'
xử/..., đặc biệt là để làm cho người khác accents.
mimic cười
/'mɪmɪk/ ~ imitate
(v) trông/vận hành giống như một thứ khác The computer model is able
~ imitate to mimic very closely the actions of a
golfer.
[ngoại động từ] forge something to forge a passport/banknote
forge
làm giả cái gì để lừa người khác
/fɔ:dʒ/ (v)
~ counterfeit /'kaʊntəfɪt/ (v)

Disease được dùng để nói về những vấn đề nghiêm trọng hơn về sức khỏe, đặc biệt là những vấn đề ảnh
hưởng đến các bộ phận của cơ thể. Illness được dùng để nói về cả các vấn đề nghiêm trọng hơn và cả
những vấn đề nhỏ về sức khoẻ, và illness còn nói về các vấn đề ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe tinh
thần. Disease không được dùng để nói về một thời gian bị bệnh trong khi illness được dùng với nghĩa
này.
1. Smoking increases the risk of heart illness/disease.
2. You can treat minor ailments/diseases yourself.
3. Many people suffer from some form of mental illness/disease during their lifetime.
4. The medicine is supposed to cure all kinds of minor diseases/ailments, ranging from colds to back
pains.
5. She has contracted a lung disease/ailment.
6. She missed a lot of school through illness/disease last year.
7. You are allowed time off work only in cases of serious ailment/illness or bereavement.
8. Gene therapy was first pursued in an attempt to cure genetic ailments/diseases.
12. BÍ MẬT, BÍ ẨN
secret bí mật, một thông tin chỉ được biết - She will not reveal his secret.
/'si:krət/ bời một người hoặc một vài người và - Your secret is safe with me (= I will
(n) không được nói cho người khác biết not tell anyone).
bí ẩn, một điều, cái gì đó lạ, không - How the disease started is one of
mystery
biết đến vì chưa được giải thích hoặc medicine's great mysteries.
/‘mɪs.tə.i/
làm sáng tỏ - It remains a mystery as to where he
(n)
was buried.
trạng thái mà ai đó / điều gì đó - The actress was only 17 when she was
obscurity
không được biết đến hoặc đã bị lãng plucked from obscurity and made a star.
/əb'skjʊrəti/
quên - He spent most of his life working
(n)
in obscurity.
1. The secret/mystery deepened when the police's only suspect was found murdered.
2. That evening she had revealed many of her innermost secrets/mysteries.
3. He was a famous poet, but he died in secret/obscurity.
4. He was accused of selling business secrets/obscurities to competitors.
5. How these insects actually communicate presents something of a secret/mystery.
6. He rose from relative obscurity/mystery to worldwide recognition.
7. A close couple should have no mysteries/secrets from each other.
13. BỊ THƯƠNG, BỊ ĐAU
injure làm bị thương chính bản thân hoặc ai đó, đặc biệt He injured his knee
/'ɪndʒə(r)/ trong một vụ tai nạn playing badminton.
(v)
[thường dùng ở dạng bị động; thường được dùng để About 50 people were
nói về những người bị thương trong chiến tranh seriously wounded in the
wound
hoặc những vụ tấn công mà ảnh hưởng đến rất attack.
/wu:nd/ (v)
nhiều người] làm bị thương một bộ phận nào đó của
cơ thể, đặc biệt là do vũ khí
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] gây ra sự đau đớn về Stop it!
thể xác cho ai đó hoặc chính bản thân; làm ai đó You're hurting me.
hurt hoặc chính bản thân bị thương
/hɜ:t/ (v)
[nội động từ] cảm thấy đau Ouch! That hurt!
gây ra nỗi đau về tinh thần cho ai đó Christine criticized my

writing quite severely

and that hurt.
[không dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn, sắc thái trang It pains me to see
pain
trọng] làm cho ai đó cảm thấy buồn/không vui/lo animals being
/peɪn/ (v)
lắng/giận dữ mistreated.
làm bị thương một khớp xương trong cơ thể (đặc Jack sprained his knee
sprain biệt là cổ tay, mắt cá chân, hoặc đầu gối) bằng cách while he was playing
/spreɪn/ (v) vặn nó một cách bất ngờ, gây ra đau đớn và sưng basketball.
phù
scar [thường dùng ở dạng bị động] một vết thương để lại His face was
/skɑ:(r)/ (v) sẹo sau khi nó đã lành badly scarred.
ache [nội động từ] cảm thấy một cơn đau dai dẳng nhưng I’m aching all over.
/eɪk/ (v) không nghiêm trọng
1. When he tried to stand up, he realized he had sprained/scarred one of his ankles.
2. Maybe Patrick has only sprained/injured his head and we just need to wait a week for him to come to
his senses.
3. It pained/injured him that she would not acknowledge him.
4. When I asked Sunny how she hurt/ached her arm, she suddenly looked humiliated.
5. Her eyes wounded/ached from lack of sleep.
6. Nick is likely to be sprained/scarred for life after injuries to his face, arms, and legs.
7. The driver was seriously wounded/ached in the shooting.
8. With a gentle voice, he asked me to tell him where it _______ after seeing me fall off a ladder.
A. injured B. ached C. wounded D. hurt
9. These days when Patricia looks at her daughter, she doesn't see as much of herself reflected back as
before, and it _______.
A. aches B. hurts C. scars D. injures
10. When soldiers surrounded the house, he let off eight bursts of gunfire, seriously _______ one of the
soldiers.
A. aching B. hurting C. paining D. wounding
11. Three people were killed and five _______ in the crash.
A. injured B. ached C. scarred D. sprained
12. It has been the most fabulous party of his career: at the height of it Timmy fell from a chandelier and
_______ his ankle.
A. ached B. wounded C. sprained D. scarred
13. My leg _______ so much by the time I had reached the house that it was hard for me to crawl under
the fence and move aside the heavy rock.
A. hurt B. ached C. injured D. wounded
14. The terrorists fired on demonstrators, killing thirteen and _______ fourteen others.
A. aching B. hurting C. spraining D. wounding
15. Although the explosion created extensive damage, nobody was _______ in the blast.
A. scarred B. ached C. injured D. sprained
14. BIỂN
[C, U] bờ biển, bờ hồ, bờ sông lớn (đặc - Let’s go to the shore.
biệt là nơi mà người ta đến để đi nghỉ hoặc - He is swimming towards
shore nghỉ ngơi) the shore.
/ʃɔ:(r)/ (n)
shores [số nhiều] một đất nước, đặc biệt là We will fight to death to
một đất nước có đường bờ biển defend our shores.

[C, U] đất ở bên cạnh hoặc gần biển/biên We spent a week by the coast
coast
giới giữa đất liền và biển/phần gần biển (= by the sea).
/kəʊst/ (n)
của một đất nước nào đó: bờ biển
đất dọc theo bờ biển, đặc biệt là khi bạn - a rugged coastline
coastline
nghĩ đến hình dạng hoặc vẻ bề ngoài của - a beautiful coastline
/'kəʊstlam/ (n)
nó
sea /si:/ (n) [U] biển - We went swimming in the
(British English) sea.
ocean /'əʊʃn/ - a hotel room with sea view
(n) (American
English)
một khu vực có cát hoặc sỏi gần biển/hồ - a sandy beach
beach nơi mà mọi người thường nằm phơi - tourists sunbathing on the
/bi:tʃ/ (n) nắng/chơi đùa/đi dạo khi họ đi nghỉ: bãi beach
biển - He walked along the beach.
seaside một vùng bên cạnh biển, đặc biệt là nơi mà a trip to the seaside
/'si:saɪd/ (n) mọi người đến để đi nghỉ: bờ biển
1. I love swimming in the sea/seaside.
2. The hotel has wonderful views of the rugged coast/coastline.
3. We stayed in a small village on the west shore/coast of Scotland.
4. Children were building sandcastles on the beach/ocean.
5. It is feared that a similar epidemic will soon reach the seaside/shores of Europe.
15. BIẾN MẤT
[nội động từ] trở nên không thể The plane disappeared behind a cloud.
nhìn thấy
[nội động từ] ngừng tồn tại The smile disappeared to be replaced
by a doleful frown.
disappear /,dɪsə'pɪə(r)/ [nội động từ] bị mất hoặc không The plane mysteriously
thể tìm thấy disappeared over the Indian Ocean.
(v) ~ vanish /'vænɪʃ/
(v) Thành ngữ - Keep looking - they can't just
- disappear/vanish off the face of have vanished/disappeared off the
the earth: biến mất hoàn toàn face of the earth.
- disappear/vanish into thin - She can't just
air: bất ngờ biến mất một cách bí have vanished/disappeared into thin
ẩn air.
[nội động từ] (một cảm giác/vấn The issue of global warming is not just
evaporate đề/kế hoạch/hoạt động...) biến mất, going to evaporate.
/ɪ'væpəreɪt/ đặc biệt là bằng cách dần dần trở
(v) nên ít đi/yếu đi và cuối cùng là biến
mất hoàn toàn
[nội động từ] trở nên dần dần yếu The prospect of bankruptcy has
recede hơn hoặc nhỏ hơn (đặc biệt là một now receded (= it is less likely].
/rɪ'si:d/ (v) vấn đề, cảm giác, khả năng việc gì
xảy ra, kỉ niệm hoặc phẩm chất)
fade/fade [nội động từ] trở nên không nhìn - The smile faded from her face.
away /feɪd/(v) thấy rõ ràng rồi dần dần biến mất - The laughter faded away.
dissolve [nội động từ, ngoại động từ] biến - When the ambulance had gone, the
/dɪ'zɒlv/ (v) mất; làm cho cái gì biến mất crowd dissolved.

- Her enthusiasm dissolved his

shyness.
1. Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be fading/vanishing away.
2. Just as he started to think that he was never going to get well, the illness began to recede/emerge.
3. The mirror made the ceiling seem to fade/disappear.
4. Halfway through the movie, reality appears/evaporates, and we enter a world of pure fantasy.
5. Our countryside is disappearing/fading at an alarming rate.
6. The lights in the windows faded and the house emerged/dissolved into darkness again.
7. Where are my keys? They seem to have receded/disappeared again.
8. Over the years her beauty had ______ a little.
A. faded B. vanished C. emerged D. disappeared
9. I can never find a pen in this house. They ______ as soon as I buy them.
A. emerge B. fade C. disappear D. recede
10. Both sides' own interpretations of vague elements easily ______ the agreement between them.
A. receded B. evaporated C. faded D. dissolved
11. The whole tribe seems to have ______ off the face of the earth.
A. vanished B. evaporated C. dissolved D. faded
12. Even though the President cut his losses and made it clear that even he no longer supported the
mission, public resolve ______.
A. appeared B. emerged C. evaporated D. dispersed
13. I can't find my wallet anywhere - it has completely ______!
A. disappeared B. faded C. receded D. emerged
14. Dealers grew concerned over the sliding dollar and ______ prospects for economic recovery.
A. receding B. appearing C. emerging D. dissolving
15. Lenny still could not ______ the nagging lump of tension in his chest.
A. evaporate B. dissolve C. disappear D. fade
16. All other issues ______ into insignificance compared with the struggle for survival.
A. evaporate B. vanish C. fade D. dissolve
17. Why have 2.5 million manufacturing jobs ______ in the last twenty years?
A. receded B. emerged C. faded D. disappeared
16. BIỂU TƯỢNG, BIỂU NGỮ
emblem (of something) - America’s national emblem, the bald
emblem
một thiết kế hoặc một bức tranh tượng eagle
/'embləm/
trưng cho một đất nước hoặc một tổ - the club emblem
(n)
chức: biểu tượng
một thiết kế hoặc biểu tượng được một the logo of the World Cup
logo
công ty hoặc tổ chức dùng như là dấu
/'ləʊgəʊ/
hiệu đặc trưng hoặc để quảng cáo các
(n)
sản phẩm: biểu trưng
một mảnh vải dài với một thông điệp ở A huge banner over the street said,
banner
trên đó, được treo ở nơi công cộng/giữa 'Welcome home’.
/'bænə(r)/
hai cái cột hoặc sào, để ủng hộ cho điều
(n)
gì: băng rôn, biểu ngữ
một câu/mệnh đề ngắn thể hiện những The school’s motto is: 'Duty, Honour,
motto
mục đích hay niềm tin, lý tưởng của một Country'.
/'mɒtəʊ/
con người, nhóm, tổ chức, ... và được
(n)
dùng để chi phối/điều khiển cách hành

dùng để đưa ra một lời yêu cầu một I would be grateful if you could
cách lịch sự send the completed form back as
soon as possible.
thankful (to do something) thankful I was thankful to see they had all
for something thankful (that) ... arrived safely.
thankful cảm thấy vui, hài lòng và nhẹ nhõm vì
/'θæŋkfl/ điều gì đó đã xảy ra (nếu không có điều
(adj) đó thì tình huống đã trở nên xấu đi)
hoặc một tình huống nguy hiểm hoặc
khó chịu đã không xảy ra
appreciative (of something) The company was very appreciative
appreciative
cảm thấy hoặc thể hiện rằng bạn biết ơn of my efforts.
/ə'pri:ʃətɪv/ (adj)
về điều gì
1. Thank you so much for helping us move house. We are so grateful/thankful.
2. I was grateful/thankful that my friends had escaped with minor injuries.
3. I’m very grateful/appreciative of all the support you’ve given me.
4. I would be most grateful/thankful if you would keep this matter confidential.
5. Noah wasn’t badly hurt - that’s something to be grateful/thankful for.
6. I get up everyday thankful/grateful that I have a job, kids, a beloved husband, and a nice house.
7. He wrote a warm, appreciative/thankful letter, thanking her for everything she had done for him.
8. The college sent us a thankful/grateful acknowledgement of our donation.
9. I was thankful/grateful that the meeting didn’t last long, because I had to get home.
10. Our new boss is a real joy to work for. She's so grateful/appreciative of anything you do for her.
11. We are immensely thankful/grateful to those frontline workers who keep us fed and manage the
essential infrastructure of society.
18. BÌNH THƯỜNG
thường xuyên diễn ra, những gì - He came home later than usual.
mọi người làm trong hầu hết các - This weather is not usual for this time
usual
tình huống of year.
/'ju:ʒəl/ (adj)
- It is usual to start a speech by thanking
everybody for coming.
bình thường, không khác biệt hay - ordinary people like you and me
ordinary đặc biệt theo bất kì cách nào - She was a perfectly ordinary little girl.
/'ɔ:r.dən.er.i/ (adj) - no ordinary... (=a special or unusual
example of something)
thông thường, diễn ra giống như - It's normal to feel tired after such a
bạn mong đợi chứ không bất long trip.
thường - Under/In normal circumstances, I
normal would say ‘yes’.
/'nɔ:r.məl/ (adj) - The temperature
was above/below normal for the time of
year.
- back/return to normal
theo lệ thường, thói quen của ai - She worked with
customary đó, theo phong tục, thông lệ, her customary thoroughness.
/'kʌs.tə.mer.i/ (adj) truyền thống - It has been customary for the chair to
be re-elected for a second year.

1. Her paintings depict the lives of usual/ordinary people in the last century.
2. There was more rainfall than usual/ordinary this summer in the mountain areas.
3. Things are back to normal/customary now that we've paid off all our debts.
4. Michael worked with his normal/customary thoroughness and care.
5. Under normal/ordinary circumstances, candidates are interviewed by the head of the department.
6. They asked me why I wanted the job and why I thought I was suitable - you know,
the ordinary/usual thing.
7. From the outside it looked like a perfectly usual/ordinary shed.
8. At Christmas it has been ordinary/customary for the children to perform bits of poetry.
9. The journey to work took longer than _______.
A. normal B. ordinary C. usual D. customary
10. It could take two weeks for your health to return to _______.
A. ordinary B. normal C. customary D. usual
11. In my village, it is _______ for a girl to take her mother's name.
A. customary B. usual C. ordinary D. normal
12. Her last concert appearance in Britain was no _______ performance.
A. usual B. customary C. normal D. ordinary
13. The unemployment rate was above _______ levels.
A. normal B. usual C. ordinary D. customary
19. BỎ QUA, PHỚT LỜ
neglect [ngoại động từ] bỏ bê, không dành đủ sự - She denies neglecting her baby.
/nɪ'glekt/ quan tâm hoặc chăm sóc cho những người - to neglect your appearance/the
(v) hoặc những việc thuộc trách nhiệm của bạn house
[ngoại động từ] lờ đi, phớt lờ, cố tình - He ignored all the 'No Smoking'
không lắng nghe hoặc không chú ý đến signs and lit up a cigarette.
ignore
- We cannot afford to ignore
/ɪg'nɔ:r/
their advice.
(v)
- to ignore a warning/a
problem/an issue
- [ngoại động từ] bỏ qua, không chú ý tới, - He seems to have overlooked
không nhận thấy hoặc xem xét đến ai, cái gì one important fact.
overlook
(không cố tình) - I was prepared to overlook her
/,əʊvər'lʊk/
- [ngoại động từ] phớt lờ đi cái gì đó dù bạn mistakes this time.
(v)
biết nó sai trái, xấu xa, giả vờ như không
chú ý đến
[ngoại động từ] bỏ qua, không bao gồm ai, - If you are a student, you can
cái gì hoặc không làm điều gì đó (vì bạn cố omit questions 16-18.
omit
tình hoặc có thể bạn quên) - People were surprised that
/oʊ'mɪt/
Smith was omitted from the team.
(v)
- She omitted to mention that they
were staying the night.
1. She can be really irritating but I try to ignore/neglect her.
2. He rather ignored/neglected his children in favour of his career.
3. We could not afford to overlook/omit such a serious offence.
4. Some important details were deliberately overlooked/omitted from the report.
5. They feel angry that their complaints were neglected/ignored.
6. In my hurry to finish the exam I had overlooked/ignored part of one of the questions.
7. She's been omitting/neglecting her studies this semester.

8. She omitted/overlooked to inform the authorities of their visit.

9. The government is _______ its duty to protect the vulnerable.
A. ignoring B. neglecting C. omitting D. overlooking
10. He's so friendly people are prepared to _______ his faults.
A. omit B. ignore C. neglect D. overlook
11. The government has _______ the advice it was given.
A. neglected B. omitted C. ignored D. overlooked
12. She was _______ from the list of contributors to the report.
A. omitted B. ignored C. overlooked D. neglected
13. We can't ________ the fact that there is a huge problem here.
A. overlook B. neglect C. ignore D. omit
20. BỐI RỐI
không thể hiểu điều gì hoặc lý do cho He looked puzzled so I repeated the
điều gì, đặc biệt là khi mà điều đó khác question.
puzzled
với những gì bạn mong đợi: không hiểu
/'pʌzld/ (adj)
được
~ baffled /'bæfld/ (adj)
không thể suy nghĩ một cách rõ - She seemed confused by the
confused ràng/không thể hiểu điều gì đang xảy question.
/kən'fju:zd/ ra/không thể hiểu điều mà người khác - I was confused about my feelings
(adj) đang nói/không thể biết chính xác cần for him.
phải làm điều gì: bối rối, lúng túng
không thể suy nghĩ một cách rõ - He sat up in
ràng/không thể hiểu điều gì đang xảy bed, bewildered, unsure of where
ra/không thế hiểu điều mà người khác he was.
đang nói/không thể biết chính xác cần - She was so bewildered by his
phải làm điều gì và không chắc về điều accusations that she sat down and
gì khi một điều bất thường hoặc không cried.
mong đợi xảy đến: bối rối, lúng túng, - Bewildered train passengers
bewildered /bɪ'wɪldəd/ hoang mang, ngơ ngác watched as the man was arrested.
(adj) *bewildered làm sâu sắc hơn sự bối rối
và nó có thêm ý nghĩa của sự không
thoải mái về cảm xúc. Ngoài ra nó còn
có ý nghĩa là sự mất phương hướng mà
nó tạo ra kéo dài hơn so
với confused và có ý nghĩa là làm cho
ai đó mất đi khả năng lựa chọn hoặc
phản ứng phù hợp với tình huống.
(một con người hoặc hành vi của She looked a bit embarrassed by
embarrassed /ɪm'bærəst/ họ) ngượng ngùng, không thoải mái all the praise.
(adj) hoặc xấu hổ trong các tình huống giao
tiếp: lúng túng, bối rối; ngượng
hết sức bối rối/lúng túng và không thể Jimmy was still dazed by the blow
suy nghĩ rõ ràng, thường là bởi vì ngạc to his head.
dazed nhiên/bàng hoàng/bị đánh vào đầu/mệt
/deɪzd/ (adj) mỏi/bị thương

/m'dɪgnənt/ (adj) ngạc nhiên bởi vì bạn nghĩ rằng bạn hadn’t been invited.
đã bị đối xử một cách không công
bằng: căm phẫn, phẫn nộ
thường xuyên phàn nàn; thể hiện rằng A querulous male voice said, "Look,
querulous
bạn đang bực bội: hay càu nhàu, hay are you going to order, or what?"
/'kwerələs/ (adj)
than phiền, dễ cáu kỉnh
dễ giận dữ, thường bởi những thứ He was a sickly, peevish child.
peevish
không quan trọng
/'pɪ:vɪʃ/ (adj)
~ irritable /'ɪrɪtəbl/ (adj)
thường giận dữ; đang trong tâm trạng - Her husband was a bad-
bad-tempered
giận dữ tempered man.
/,bæd 'tempəd/ (adj)
- He sat in bad-tempered silence.
1. He became increasingly dissatisfied and querulous/indignant in his old age. He complained about
everything around him.
2. She was very fretful/indignant at the way she had been treated.
3. Don’t assume your baby automatically needs feeding if she’s fretful/bad- tempered.
4. He is thereby reduced to the status of a child, though a spoiled child with the physical capabilities of a
man: petulant, demanding, querulous/indignant, self- centred, and violent if he doesn't get his own way.
5. She gets very frustrated/bad-tempered when she's tired and stressed out.
6. He was annoyed/indignant to find himself going red.
7. A week before the examination, he became restless and peevish/indignant.
8. Airport workers were left to deal with the thousands of peevish/frustrated passengers by the long
delays.
9. When he got over the shock of Ann’s hostility, he became _______ at being treated so dismissively.
A. bad-tempered B. indignant C. peevish D. querulous
10. Long periods of rain were the teachers' despair, as the children couldn’t go out and the teachers had to
supervise indoor play, and everybody became frustrated and _______.
A. indignant B. relaxed C. fretful D. tolerant
11. He complained in a _______ voice about having been woken up early. He’s not a morning person.
A. querulous B. relaxing C. peevish D. fretful
12. She became very _______ when it was suggested she had lied.
A. tolerant B. fretful C. relaxed D. indignant
13. James got a _______ night’s sleep after the dreadful news.
A. fretful B. querulous C. bad-tempered D. annoyed
14. The kids were _______ after being too long in the car.
A. relaxed B. peevish C. indignant D. tolerant
23. CÁ NHÂN
của ai đó chứ không thuộc về hay The novel was written
liên quan đến bất kì người nào khác from personal experience.
personal (thường đứng trước danh từ)
/'pɜ:sənl/ (adj) thuộc về cuộc sống cá nhân của một I try not to let work interfere with
ai đó chứ không phải về công việc my personal life.
= private
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] được coi là They interviewed
individual một cá thể/một cá nhân riêng biệt each individual member of the
/,ɪndɪ'vɪdʒuəl/ (adj) trong một nhóm vật/người community.
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] liên quan Children get

đến một con người; được thiết kế chỉ more individual attention in small
cho một người classes.
[thường đứng trước danh từ] thuộc The sign said, "Private property.
về hoặc chỉ dành cho một ai đó/một Keep out.”
nhóm người nào đó chứ không dành
cho công chúng/tập thể
nhằm mục đích hoặc chỉ bao gồm We agreed to keep our
private
một cá nhân/một nhóm người cụ thể arrangement private.
/'praɪvət/ (adj)
chứ không dành cho tập thể hoặc cho
các cá nhân khác biết
[thường đứng trước danh từ] không He is on a private trip to England
liên quan đến công việc hoặc địa vị now.
= personal
single [chỉ đứng trước danh từ] nhằm mục a single bed
/'sɪŋgl/(adj) đích được sử dụng bởi một người
separate độc lập, tồn tại riêng rẽ Jack and Sophia have begun to sleep
/'seprət/ (adj) in separate rooms.
1. A sign in English and French announced that the restaurant was closed for a private/single party.
2. All patients are located in personal/separate rooms to prevent infection.
3. The receptionist asked for my personal/individual details, such as full name, date and place of birth,
education background, etc.
4. The new charter establishes the personal/individual rights and duties of citizens.
5. You can switch between the private/single player and the multiplayer games.
6. Please keep single/personal phone calls to a minimum when you're at work.
7. Earlier the prime minister had spent six days in England on a single/private visit.
8. The doctor carefully evaluates the single/individual needs of her patients.
9. You shouldn't listen to other people's private/separate conversations.
10. Householders are given four separate/single receptacles for their rubbish.
11. We have different activities and approaches, and we try and make _______ care plans for each
person.
A. single B. separate C. personal D. individual
12. On the three floors above the Hamlet restaurant, there were three _______ hotels, each occupying a
single floor.
A. individual B. personal C. separate D. single
13. He was popular as much for his _______ qualities as for his management skills.
A. personal B. single C. separate D. private
14. The villa has its own _______ beach.
A. single B. private C. personal D. individual
15. This is a _______ -sex school. It's for girls only.
A. single B. separate C. individual D. personal
16. Raw meat must be kept _______ from cooked meat.
A. individual B. personal C. separate D. single
17. Apparently, in interviews the celebrity always refuses to talk about her _______ life.
A. separate B. individual C. single D. private
18. He learned this lesson the hard way - from his own _______ experience.
A. single B. separate C. individual D. personal
19. Divide the vegetables and beef among four _______ dishes.

A. individual B. single C. private D. personal

20. The waiter asked if we were all together, so I explained that we were two _______ parties.
A. single B. separate C. personal D. individual
21. A(n) _______ room at the Astir Hotel costs £56 a night and £98 for a double.
A. individual B. single C. personal D. private
22. My _______ view is that the students should be doing more work outside the classroom.
A. single B. private C. personal D. separate
23. The two leaders held _______ talks in June to try to resolve the dispute.
A. private B. personal C. separate D. single
24. Use _______ chopping boards for raw meats, cooked meats, vegetables, and salads.
A. individual B. personal C. private D. separate
25. You never allow _______ problems to affect your performance.
A. personal B. single C. separate D. individual
26. It was the first time many had seen works from the artist's _______ collection.
A. single B. individual C. separate D. private
27. Each _______ employee was given a bonus.
A. private B. single C. individual D. separate
24. CÁCH THỨC
way /weɪ/ (n) [C] cách/phương pháp/phương kế/biện - I love him and I think he feels the
pháp/phong cách/kiểu để làm việc gì đó same way.
*way mang nghĩa chung chung và suồng - There are many ways of solving the
sã hơn method bởi vì nó có thể có nghĩa problem.
là một kỹ thuật đơn lẻ hoặc cả một tổ
hợp các kỹ thuật
[C] cách/kiểu mà ai đó hành xử hoặc - He was showing off, as is the
nghĩ; cách/kiểu mà việc gì xảy ra way with adolescent boys.
ways [số nhiều] cách hành xử/sống đặc - After ten years I'm used to the strange
trưng tiêu biểu của một nhóm người cụ British ways.
thể
method [C] một cách cụ thể để làm việc gì - The pill is the most efficient method
/'meθəd/ đó: phương pháp, cách thức of birth control.
(n) * method mang ý nghĩa gồm một nhóm - a reliable method of measuring blood
các kỹ thuật (được thực hiện theo từng pressure
bước) và nó nhấn mạnh vào mục đích
đạt được sự hiệu quả và độ chính xác
approach /ə'prəʊtʃ/ [C] cách để giải quyết việc gì hoặc tiếp - The school has decided to adopt a
(n) cận/tiếp xúc/hành xử với ai đó (được different approach to
suy nghĩ và lên kế hoạch cẩn thận); cách discipline.
để thực hiện hoặc suy nghĩ về một việc - He is always very logical in
gì ví dụ như là một vấn đề hoặc một his approach.
nhiệm vụ nào đó: phương pháp, each
tiếp cận
technique [C] cách cụ thể để làm việc gì, đặc biệt Doctors are developing a
/tek'nɪ:k/ là cách mà bạn phải học các kỹ năng đặc painless technique to give shots.
(n) biệt thì mới thực hiện được: kỹ thuật
means [C] một hành động/một vật/một hệ - We needed to get to London, but we
/mi:nz/ (n) thống được sử dụng để đạt được một kết had no means of transport.
quả nào đó; một cách để đạt được hoặc - Fishing is their only means
làm việc gì: phương tiện, biện pháp, of livelihood.

cách thức
1. We have developed a new technique/manner for detecting errors in the manufacturing process.
2. You can pay for your purchase in one of two techniques/ways: by cash or by credit card.
3. Education and training are the most efficient means/techniques of improving the nation’s economy.
4. The company is taking a proactive approach/way to easing the energy crisis.
5. Travelling by train is still one of the safest techniques/methods of transport.
6. Don’t worry, if she seems quiet - it’s just her way/technique.
7. She’s a wonderfully creative dancer but she doesn't have the _______ of a truly great performer.
A. approach B. technique C. means D. method
8. I could tell he liked her from the _______ he looked at her.
A. way B. approach C. method D. technique
9. Examinations are not the only _______ of assessing a student's ability.
A. technique B. manner C. means D. approach
10. That's not the right _______ to hold a pair of scissors. Let me show you.
A. approach B. means C. medium D. way
11. I’ve just read an interesting book which has a new _______ to Shakespeare.
A. approach B. method C. way D. means
12. Debit cards are becoming the payment _______ of choice for many consumers.
A. means B. method C. technique D. approach
13. For many people, the motorbike is still their main _______ of transport.
A. manner B. method C. way D. means
14. You’ll have to close everything down and restart your computer. It’s the only _______
A. technique B. method C. way D. means
25. CẢI CÁCH, CẢI TẠO
[ngoại động từ] cải thiện một hệ There are proposals to reform the
reform thống/một tổ chức/luật pháp/... bằng cách welfare system.
/rɪ'fɔ:m/ (v) tạo ra những thay đổi (thường là mạnh
mẽ và quyết liệt) cho nó; cải cách
improve trở nên tốt hơn trước; làm cho ai/cái gì tốt Working conditions have greatly
/ɪm'pru:v/ (v) hơn trước: cải thiện, cải tạo, cải tiến improved.
refine something cải thiện điều gì (một ý She has refined her playing
tưởng/phương pháp/hệ thống/kế hoạch technique over the years.
refine
...) bằng cách dần dần tạo ra những thay
/rɪ'faɪn/ (v)
đổi nhỏ cho nó: cải tiến; trau chuốt; làm
cho tinh tế hơn ...
rehabilitate something Billions of pounds are being spent
rehabilitate
làm cho một toà nhà hoặc một khu vực on rehabilitating inner-city areas.
/,ri:ə'bɪlɪteɪt/
trở lại trạng thái tốt như nó trước đây
(V)
(khôi phục lại)
ameliorate something The side-effects of the treatment
ameliorate
làm cho một điều gì đó đã từng xấu hoặc can be ameliorated to some
/ə'mi:liəreɪt/
không đủ tốt trở nên tốt hơn hoặc ít có extent.
(v) (formal)
hại hơn: làm tốt hơn, cải thiện
revamp something The company is attempting
revamp
tạo ra những thay đổi về hình thái/dạng to revamp its image.
/,ri:'væmp/
của một điều gì/thứ gì để cải thiện vẻ bề
(v) (informal)
ngoài của nó và làm cho nó có vẻ hiện

13. The severity of the punishment should _______ the seriousness of the crime.
A. match B. level C. equalize D. balance
14. It is heartbreaking to see all of the trees in Princes Road felled and the ground being _______.
A. equalized B. levelled C. balanced D. matched
15. The underlying cause of this disadvantage is the lack of support for women struggling to _______
their working and family lives.
A. balance B. equalize C. match D. level
16. The have reduced all their stock by 10% to _______ competitors’ prices.
A. level B. balance C. equalize D. match
17. As a parent trying to _______ home and career, I find it very difficult to find time for a social life.
A. match B. level C. balance D. equalize
18. In a recent case in New York, a judge ruled that New York City schools were underfunded, and he
ordered the state to _______ funding.
A. level B. balance C. match D. equalize
19. The company can't _______ the performance of its American rivals.
A. balance B. level C. match D. equalize
20. _______ my mug of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.
A. Balancing B. Matching C. Equalizing D. Levelling
27. CAN THIỆP, XEN VÀO
[nội động từ] can thiệp vào một tình - The police had to intervene when
intervene
huống khó khăn để làm cải thiện, protesters blocked traffic.
/,ɪntər'vi:n/
giúp đỡ, ngăn cản nó trở nên tệ hơn - The situation calmed down when
(v)
police intervened.
[nội động từ] xen vào, can thiệp vào - I wish my mother would
interfere một tình huống mà bạn thật sự không stop interfering and let me make my
/,intər'fɪr/ nên liên quan, làm cho tình huống đó own decisions.
(v) trở nên tệ hơn, và thường làm người - If you try and interfere in my life, I'll
khác cảm thấy bực mình leave.
[nội động từ] + [ngoại động từ] xen - Sorry to interrupt, but there's someone
interrupt
vào, làm gián đoạn khi ai đó đang to see you.
/,intə'rʌpt/
nói gì hoặc làm gì - They were interrupted by a knock at
(v)
the door.
[nội động từ] can thiệp giùm, can - They asked my father to intercede with
intercede ngăn, nói chuyện với ai đó để thuyết the king on their behalf.
/,intər'si:d/ phục họ đối xử tốt với người khác - Both times his
(v) hoặc giúp giải quyết một cuộc tranh employer interceded and got him freed.
cãi
1. She was resentful of anybody's attempts to intervene/interfere in her work.
2. The minister intervened/interfered personally to stop the museum from being closed.
3. She tried to explain what had happened but he kept interrupting/interceding her.
4. Local groups asked the politician to interrupt/intercede with the government on their behalf.
5. The government warned its neighbors not to interfere/interrupt in its internal affairs.
6. Late in the night, he and several other men interrupted/interceded in a fight between two women.
7. There is increasing demand for the United Nations to intervene/intercede in trouble spots throughout
the world.
8. Please go on with what you're doing and don't let us _______ you.
A. interfere B. interrupt C. intervene D. intercede
9. When the boss accused her of lying, several other employees _______ on her behalf.

A. interceded B. intervened C. interrupted D. interfered

10. Their only hope now is that the outside world will _______ but it is an increasingly forlorn hope.
A. intercede B. interfere C. intervene D. interrupt
11. _______ in other people's relationships is always a mistake.
A. Interrupting B. Interceding C. Intervening D. Interfering
12. He's very impatient and always _______ me mid-sentence.
A. intervenes B. interrupts C. interferes D. intercedes
28. CẢNH
[không đếm được] phong cảnh, cảnh - The river passes through a rich variety
scenery vật thiên nhiên, tự nhiên chẳng hạn of scenery.
/'si:nəri/ như núi, thung lũng, sông, đảo và - We stopped on the mountain pass to
(n) rừng,..., khi bạn nghĩ nó đẹp, hấp admire the scenery.
dẫn
[không đếm được, thường ở dạng số - As we journeyed south,
landscape ít] phong cảnh, khung cảnh, mọi thứ the landscape became drier and rockier.
/'lændskeɪp/ bạn có thể thấy khi nhìn trên một - The impact of farming on the
(n) vùng đất rộng lớn, đặc biệt là ở vùng natural landscape has increased greatly.
quê
[đếm được] cảnh vật, quang cảnh, - He photographed a wide range of
scene nơi mà bạn thấy, hoặc nơi xuất hiện street scenes.
/si:n/ trong một bức hình, bức tranh. - The scene from the mountaintop was
(n) Ngoài ra còn dùng với nghĩa hiện breathtaking.
trường (nơi diễn ra vụ việc nào đó)
- [không đếm được] cảnh tượng, cái - The house was hidden
gì đó nằm trong tầm nhìn của ai from sight behind some trees.
- [dạng số nhiều] cảnh đẹp, điểm - We spent a week in Rome looking at all
sight /saɪt/
tham quan, những địa điểm thú vị, the sights.
(n)
đặc biệt là ở một thị trấn hoặc thành
phố, thường được khách du lịch ghé
thăm
1. The scenery/landscape is dotted with the tents of campers and hikers.
2. The majestic Montana scenery/landscape will leave you breathless.
3. Picture the scene/sight - the crowds of people and animals, the noise, the dirt.
4. We enjoyed seeing the scenes/sights of San Francisco.
5. We sat in horror watching the scenes/sights of violence unfold before us.
6. Here and there the rusted hulk of an abandoned car dots the landscape/scenery.
7. The painting depicts an idyllic pastoral _______ of shepherds watching over their grazing sheep.
A. sight B. scene C. landscape D. scenery
8. We moved to Northamptonshire and a new _______ of hedges and fields.
A. landscape B. scenery C. sight D. scene
9. For a complete change of _______, take a ferry out to one of the islands.
A. scene B. sight C. landscape D. scenery
10. No _______ in Moscow are more historic than the Kremlin.
A. sceneries B. landscapes C. sights D. scenes
11. The police arrived to find a _______ of horrifying destruction.
A. scene B. scenery C. landscape D. scenery
29. CẢNH GIÁC

3. Humans are mortal/deadly, and we all eventually die.

4. Higher taxes and higher inflation were a terminal/lethal combination.
5. This disease is immortal/terminal, and the death is slow and agonising.
6. As the ship began to sink, they realized they were in mortal/terminal danger (= they might die).
7. The police are investigating a fatal/terminal car crash that occurred last night.
8. New computing technology dealt a terminal/mortal blow to the printing companies.
9. Tax increases have proved deadly/fatal to the nation's business community.
10. At the time, broadcasting was regarded as the _______ enemy of live music making.
A. killing B. immortal C. murderous D. mortal
11. I have friends on the bejewelling committee. The man is smart, but too quick to anger. It’s a _______
flaw that cannot be tolerated.
A. fatal B. deadly C. lethal D. terminal
12. High-powered cars are _______ weapons in the hands of inexperienced drivers.
A. terminal B. immortal C. lethal D. fatal
13. A good number of people suffering from _______ illnesses like cancer or HIV infection or
neurological problems also have been known to commit suicides.
A. murderous B. terminal C. immortal D. killing
14. He made the _______ mistake of believing what they told him.
A. fatal B. deadly C. terminal D. immortal
15. A man is deliberately designed to be _______. He grows, he ages, and he dies.
A. fatal B. deadly C. lethal D. mortal
36. SỰ HƯỚNG DẪN
sự giúp đỡ hoặc lời khuyên (đặc - Under her teacher’s
biệt là từ ai đó nhiều tuổi hơn guidance, she has developed into
hoặc có nhiều kinh nghiệm hơn) an accomplished pianist.
về cách để làm việc gì hoặc cách - guidance for teachers on how to
guidance
để giải quyết các vấn đề liên quan use video in the
/'gaɪdns/ (n)
đến công việc, giáo dục, hoặc các classroom
mối quan hệ cá nhân của bạn: sự - The helpline was set up for
hướng dẫn, sự dìu dắt; lời khuyên young people in need
of guidance and support.
[U] một ý kiến, quan điểm, hoặc - I need some advice on which
gợi ý mà ai đó đưa ra cho bạn về smartphone to buy.
advice
việc bạn nên làm gì hoặc hành xử - She went back to work against
/əd'vaɪs/ (n)
như thế nào trong một hình huống the advice of her doctor (= her
cụ thể: lời khuyên, lời chỉ bảo doctor advised her not to).
[C] (plural) những hướng dẫn về - It’s ever so easy to cook. You just
cách để làm việc gì/đi đến đâu follow the directions on the
packet.
- A farmer gave us directions
direction to the town.
/daɪ'rekʃn/,
[U] sự quản lý/hướng dẫn/chỉ đạo - All such research is under
/də'rekʃn/ (n)
ai đó/việc gì government direction.
- All work was produced by the
students under the direction
of John Williams.
instruction (plural) thông tin chi tiết về cách Step-by-step instructions on how
/ɪn'strʌkʃh/ (n) để làm việc gì hoặc sử dụng cái to use the photocopier are

gì: hướng dẫn provided.

~ direction
[U] (formal) hành động dạy một - driver under instruction
kỹ năng hoặc một môn học cụ thể (= being taught how to drive)
cho ai đó - basic instruction on using the
internet
- She had no formal instruction
in music.
[C, U] hành động chỉ/dạy/hướng - Sandra and Nigel provided
dẫn/giải thích cách thứ gì đó hoạt a demonstration of salsa dance
demonstration /,demən'streɪʃn/
động hoặc được làm hoặc cách để steps.
(n)
làm việc gì: minh họa - We’re going to a
cookery demonstration tonight.
1. With all pesticides, follow the directions/advice for use carefully.
2. The project was under the advice/direction of a well-known academic.
3. We had to stop to ask for directions/demonstrations to the beach.
4. You should always read the guidance/instructions on medicines thoroughly.
5. The language of instruction/advice throughout the course is English.
6. Activities all take place under the advice/guidance of an experienced tutor.
7. They give good direction/advice to parents about managing difficult behaviour.
8. Let me give you a (n) demonstration/advice of how the camera works.
9. She had been given pretty clear _______, so she found the hotel easily.
A. demonstrations B. guidance C. advice D. directions
10. Always read the _______ carefully before switching on the machine.
A. instructions B. counsels D. guidance D. advice
11. Several nurses working under the _______ of this doctor have made complaints.
A. advice B. demonstration C. direction D. instruction
12. The school district needs another _______ counsellor to work with students
A. demonstration B. guidance C. advice D. instruction
13. The permission was given against the _______ of the planning officers.
A. advice B. instruction C. demonstration D. direction
14. Read the entire label before use and carefully follow the labelled _______ for use.
A. advice B. guidance C. counsels D. directions
15. The primary focus of our teacher’s reading _______ was phonics and reading fluency.
A. direction B. advice C. instruction D. guidance
37. CHỈ RA, CHO THẤY
chỉ cho, để cho ai đó thấy cái gì, - Let me show you this new book I've
show
điều gì, làm rõ điều gì đó (thường just bought.
/ʃəʊ/
thông qua số liệu, nghiên cứu, báo - These photographs show the effects of
(v)
cáo...,) the chemical on the trees.
- chứng minh điều gì đó là đúng - New research
bằng việc đưa ra bằng chứng, convincingly demonstrates that age-
demonstrate
chứng cớ related memory loss is not inevitable.
/'demənstreɪt/
- chứng minh cho ai đó rằng bạn có - These paintings demonstrate his
(v)
khả năng, phẩm chất nào đó extraordinary ability as a portrait
painter.
indicate - chỉ ra, cho thấy rằng điều gì đó - The article claims that an increase in

/'indɪkeɪt/ đúng và tồn tại crime indicates a decline in moral

(v) - chỉ ra dấu hiệu của một điều gì đó standards.
có thể xảy ra - Boiling hot weather at noon
- làm cho một người chú ý đến often indicates heavy rain in the
người khác hoặc thứ khác bằng evening.
cách chỉ tay. - He indicates where we should put the
book on.
- chứng tỏ, cho thấy một kết quả cụ - The new treatment has proved to be a
thể nào đó sau một khoảng thời disaster.
prove gian, hóa ra là - They proved him innocent
/pru:v/ - chứng minh điều gì đó là đúng
(v) (thường là chứng minh ai đó có tội,
vô tội, chứng minh ai, điều gì đó là
đúng hoặc sai)
1. The Australian team soon showed/demonstrated their superiority over the opposition.
2. Don't let anyone in unless they show/indicate you their card.
3. They suspected that she'd killed him but they could never actually show/prove that it was her.
4. Please demonstrate/indicate which free gift you would like to receive.
5. The president must demonstrate/show to the country that he is really in control of his government.
6. She was determined to prove/indicate everyone wrong.
7. ‘What are they doing here?' he asked, demonstrating/indicating her bags in the hallway.
8. You need to _______ to the examiners that you have more than a literal understanding of the text.
A. indicate B. show C. demonstrate D. prove
9. For ten years he has been fighting to _______ his innocence.
A. demonstrate B. prove C. indicate D. show
10. Studies _______ a link between cancer and processed meats.
A. demonstrate B. indicate C. show D. prove
11. A red sky at night often _______ fine weather the next day.
A. indicates B. demonstrates C. proves D. shows
12. The promotion _______ to be a turning point in his career.
A. demonstrated B. indicated C. showed D. proved
38. CHIA TÁCH
[nội động từ] chia ra thành từng phần - The cells began to divide rapidly.
nhỏ hơn - I divided the class into four groups.
[ngoại động từ] làm cho cái gì chia ra
thành các phần nhỏ hơn
~ split up /split ʌp/ (phrasal verb)
phân cái gì ra thành nhiều phần và The money was divided equally among
chia cho mỗi người his sons.
divide ~ share /ʃeə(r)/ (v)
/dɪ'vaɪd/ (v)
[ngoại động từ] chia và sử dụng thời He divides his energies between politics
gian/năng lượng/... cho các hoạt động and business.
khác nhau
~ split
[nội động từ] (đường hoặc sông) tách The river divides into several channels.
ra thành hai hoặc nhiều hơn hai phần
và đi theo các hướng khác nhau

10. Here the river separates/divides into about four separate streams.
11. A high wall separates/forks our back yard from the playing field.
12. She forked/split the cake and gave me half.
39. CHỌN, LỰA CHỌN
* choose, select, pick, opt, và decide đều có nghĩa là quyết định xem bạn muốn điều/thứ/ai trong số
những điều/thứ/người đang có sẵn.
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] quyết định - You choose - I can’t decide.
xem bạn muốn thứ gì/điều gì/ai từ - He chose a shirt from the many in
những thứ/điều/người đang hiện có; nếu his wardrobe.
bạn chọn làm điều gì thì có nghĩa là bạn - We chose to go there by train.
choose
muốn làm điều đó hoặc bạn cảm thấy
/tʃu:z/ (v)
điều đó là đúng đắn
*Trong choose,
select và pick thì choose là từ được sử
dụng rộng rãi nhất.
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] [thường ở - He was selected to play for France
dạng bị động] chọn ai/thứ gì/điều gì là at the age of only 18.
select tốt nhất/phù hợp nhất/... (thường là một - a randomly selected sample of 23
/sɪ'lekt/ (v) cách cẩn thận, trừ khi bạn nói rõ là chọn schools
một cách ngẫu nhiên) từ một nhóm
người/vật/việc
[ngoại động từ] [mang sắc thái suồng She picked the best cake for herself.
sã, thân mật] chọn ai đó/thứ gì đó từ
pick một nhóm người/vật
/pɪk/ (v) *thường là chọn một cách ít cẩn
thận (đặc biệt được dùng khi sự lựa
chọn không quá quan trọng)
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] chọn thực Depending on your circumstances
opt
hiện hoặc không thực hiện một hành you may wish to opt for one method
/ɒpt/ (v)
động cụ thể nào đó or the other.
[ngoại động từ, nội động từ] suy nghĩ I had a cold and
decide
một cách cẩn thận về những khả năng couldn't decide whether to go to
/dɪ'saɪd/ (v)
khác nhau để chọn một trong số chúng work or not.
chỉ chọn (những) người/thứ tốt nhất/có In 1877, Japanese nobles formed the
cherry-pick
lợi nhất/... và bỏ lại những người/thứ Iwakura mission and travelled the
/'tʃeri pɪk/
còn lại world cherry-picking ideas on how to
(v)
industrialize the country.
chọn ai đó để làm một công việc gì cụ The people of the Philippines have
elect thể bằng cách bỏ phiếu cho họ (bầu cử) voted to elect a new president.
/ɪ'lekt/ (v) elect to do something (mang sắc thái After six months, he elected to take
trang trọng) chọn làm điều gì đó early retirement.
appoint chọn ai đó cho một công việc hoặc một He’s just been appointed as director
/ə'pɔmt/ (v) vị trí trách nhiệm nào đó of the publishing division.
1. Students from classes 4 to 10 cast their votes to opt for/elect their student leaders.
2. Many scientists cherry-pick/elect favourable results; others change direction when interesting results
emerge.
3. The firm's directors cherry-picked/chose Emma to be the new production manager.
4. He was decided/appointed to this promotional role because of his high profile in the community.

5. The program automatically selects/elects and stores the most frequently used data.
6. Appoint/Pick a number from one to twenty.
7. We might be hiring more people, but nothing has been decided/chosen yet.
8. After a lot of thought, I opted/chose against buying a new motorbike.
9. If the private sector is allowed to _______ the juiciest parts of the mail delivery industry, will that
mean that rural areas, for example, will receive a poorer service?
A. opt for B. cherry-pick C. elect D. pick
10. "If we’re going to _______ a foreperson, it should be a secret vote," said Mrs. Jones.
A. elect B. appoint C. select D. choose
11. I _______ for the longer, quieter route - anything to avoid more stares.
A. selected B. chose C. decided D. opted
12. He instigated a demand-led program, encouraging staff to come up with innovative ideas and then
_______ those that would add value to the economy.
A. electing B. picking C. cherry-picking D. appointing
13. Instead of laser vision correction, he _______ to have a lens placed behind the pupils of his eyes.
A. picked B. opted C. appointed D. selected
14. A new board of directors was _______ to oversee the financially troubled project.
A. appointed B. chosen C. opted D. decided
15. Sales figures will ultimately _______ the future of these types of games.
A. select B. pick C. decide D. choose
16. Buoyed by the example of success, thousands of new migrants massing in the city's second ward took
to the polls and _______ two black aldermen to represent them.
A. opted for B. decided C. picked D. elected
17. It was _______ that the school should purchase new software.
A. decided B. chosen C. selected D. picked
18. Have I _______ a bad time to talk to you?
A. elected B. appointed C. picked D. opted
40. CHỮA
[ngoại động từ] làm cho ai, con gì - The doctor managed to cure her of her
cure khỏe mạnh lại sau bệnh tật, ốm đau, illness.
(v) /kjʊr/ chữa khỏi bệnh - He was now completely cured of his
illness.
[ngoại động từ] điều trị, cung cấp sự - He is being treated for a rare skin
chăm sóc y tế đến người bệnh, chữa trị disease.
treat
căn bệnh, vết thương..., của người - Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial
[v] /tri:t/
bệnh, nhưng chưa biết đã khỏi bệnh, infections.
đã bình phục hay chưa
[ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] lành, - The wound took a long time to heal.
heal chữa lành, làm cho ai đó, cái gì đó - Vitamin K is needed by the body
/hi:l/ khỏe mạnh trở lại, đặc biệt dùng cho for healing cuts and bruises.
(v) trường hợp bị đứt, cắt hoặc chấn
thương
1. Patients are cured/treated with a combination of medication and exercise.
2. It might be several months before she’s fully cured/treated.
3. I've broken my leg, but the doctor says that it's a clean break, so it should cure/heal easily.
4. The medicine won't cure/heal her - it merely stops the pain.
5. Laboratory tests suggest that the new drug may be used to treat/heal cancer.
6. The plaster cast helps to treat/heal the broken bone.

7. She was cured/treated of her migraine headaches when she changed her diet.
41. CHUYẾN ĐI
một cuộc hành trình, chuyến đi - a walking/sightseeing/bus tour
tour
được thực hiện cho niềm vui trong - tour of/round/around something
/tʊr/
đó có một số địa điểm khác nhau - We're going on a tour of Bavaria.
(n)
được thăm viếng thăm
một hành động đi từ nơi này đến - a business/school/shopping trip
nơi khác và thường quay lại, có - a fishing/camping trip
trip
khoảng thời gian ngắn, thường có - The trip from York to
/trɪp/
mục đích là: đi chơi, đi du lịch, đi Newcastle takes about an hour by train.
(n)
công tác, hay có mục đích cụ thể - We went on a trip to the mountains.
khác - They took a trip down the river.
cuộc hành trình, đi từ nơi này đến - He makes the journey to Moscow
journey
nơi khác, đặc biệt là khi họ ở một three times a year.
/'dʒɜ:.ni/
khoảng cách xa, đặc biệt là đi bằng - train/car/bus ...journey
(n)
phương tiện xe cộ - I love going on long journeys.
việc đi lại nói chung (đi lại giữa hai - The job involves a considerable
travel nơi, đi du lịch) amount of foreign travel.
/'trævl/ - The pass allows unlimited travel on
(n) all public transport in the city.
- air/rail/space travel
một chuyến đi ngắn nhằm mục đích - We went on an outing to London.
outing
giải trí hoặc giáo dục, thường là với - Every year she organized an
/'aʊtɪŋ/
một nhóm người và kéo dài không outing to the countryside.
(n)
quá một ngày
sự thám hiểm, chuyến viễn chinh, - Captain Scott's expedition to the
expedition hành trình có tổ chức với một mục South Pole
/,ek.spə'dɪʃ.ən/ đích cụ thể, đặc biệt là để tìm hiểu - to plan/lead/go on/mount/undertake
(n) về một địa điểm chưa được nhiều an expedition
người biết đến
excursion cuộc tham quan du ngoạn, thường They've gone on an excursion to York.
/ɪk'skɜr.ʒən/ ngắn và có tổ chức cho một nhóm
(n) người
picnic cuộc đi chơi và ăn ngoài trời; bữa - It's a nice day. Let's go for a picnic.
/'pɪk.nɪk/ ăn ngoài trời (thân mật, không - We had a picnic beside the river.
(n) mang tính trang trọng)
một chuyến đi dài, đặc biệt là trên - The ship sank on its maiden voyage.
voyage
biển hay trong không gian (the first voyage of a ship)
/'vɔɪ.ɪdʒ/
- an around-the-world voyage
(n)
- a voyage in space
một cuộc hành trình trên một con - I'd love to go on a round-the- world
cruise tàu lớn để cho vui, thỏa mãn, trong cruise.
/kru:z/ đó bạn đi thăm một số nơi khác - a luxury cruise ship
(n) nhau, đặc biệt là trong một kỳ nghỉ
lễ
1. The bus tour/journey from London to Athens took 60 hours.

2. She's away on a business trip/travel and won't be back until next week.
3. The organization offers a self-guided walking tour/journey for the neighborhood.
4. His work provided him with the opportunity for a lot of foreign tours/travel.
5. Rosie's going on a school outing/voyage to the Wildlife Park.
6. We signed up for a shore expedition/excursion to New Orleans.
7. We are hoping to mount the first manned expedition/excursion to Mars by 2020.
8. The Titanic sank on its maiden cruise/voyage in 1912.
9. A lot of people take their family to have a voyage/picnic on the river bank.
10. I'd love to go on a round-the-world cruise/picnic.
11. The newly-married couple went on a _______ to Sapa for their honeymoon.
A. journey B. voyage C. travel D.trip
12. The train _______ took us through a valley past rolling hills.
A. voyage B. cruise C. journey D. travel
13. The coaches are used for sightseeing _______, and the sights are well worth seeing.
A. journeys B. tours C. picnics D. trips
14. The ship was badly damaged during the _______ from Plymouth.
A. voyage B. excursion C. outing D. tour
15. If the weather's nice we could have a _______ in the park.
A. journey B. trip C. picnic D. cruise
16. Scott died while he was on a(n) _______ to the Antarctic in 1912.
A. excursion B. expedition C. voyage D. outing
17. We went on an all-day _______ to the island.
A. picnic B. voyage C. tour D. excursion
18. They offer a 10 percent discount on rail _______ for students.
A. cruise B. travel C. expedition D. picnic
19. They suggested that the presence of a second large _______ ship in the area would provide a useful
safeguard.
A. voyage B. expedition C. excursion D. cruise
20. Every year the professor takes her students on a(n) _______ to the archives of the Library of
Congress.
A. outing B. expedition C. voyage D. travel
42. CƠ BẢN
elemental [thường đứng trước danh từ] [trang Love and fear are two of the
/,elɪ'mentl/ trọng) đơn giản, cơ bản, và quan most elemental human emotions.
(adj) trọng: căn bản, cơ bản
rất quan trọng; ảnh hưởng những phần the fundamental principles of
trọng tâm nhất và quan trọng nhất của scientific method
thứ gì: cơ bản
fundamental ~ basic
/,fʌndə'mentl/ (adj) trung tâm; rất cần thiết và quan trọng; Hard work is fundamental
hình thành nền tảng cần thiết của thứ to success.
gì: cơ sở, chủ yếu
~ essential /ɪ'sen∫l/ (adj)
hình thành phân thiết yếu nhất và - basic life skills
những thứ khác phát triển từ đó: cơ - Drums are basic to African music.
basic bản, cơ sở
/'beɪsɪk/ (adj) ~ fundamental
thuộc loại đơn giản nhất hoặc ở mức My knowledge of French is

độ đơn giản nhất: cơ bản pretty basic.

[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] cần thiết và - basic needs like food, shelter, and
quan trọng đối với tất cả mọi security
người: cơ bản - basic human rights
1. The school is based on the fundamental/introductory principle that all children should reach their full
potential.
2. The hospital lacked even the most basic/elemental medical equipment.
3. Improved funding is basic/fundamental to the success of the project.
4. She lacks even the most introductory/basic skills necessary for the job.
5. I love the building as it is, and don’t want to do anything to change its essential/introductory character.
6. People were standing in lines to buy fundamental/basic goods such as bread, cheese, and milk.
43. NGHỀ NGHIỆP, CÔNG VIỆC
một hoạt động, chẳng hạn như một công - Carrying heavy loads around all
việc, mà một người sử dụng nỗ lực (thể day is hard work.
work
chất hoặc tinh thần) để thực hiện, - It’s very difficult to find work at the
/wɜ:k/
thường là vì tiền (danh từ không đếm moment.
(n)
được, nếu nó đếm được thì nó có nghĩa - She's been off work (= not going to
là tác phẩm) work) with a bad back since July.
công việc mà chúng ta làm và nhận - a temporary/permanent job
được tiền thường xuyên (thường chỉ - When she left college, she got a
một nghề nghiệp, một công việc cụ thể job as an editor in a publishing
job
hay một vị trí nào đó. Ví dụ: cook - đầu company.
/dʒɑ:b/
bếp, teacher - giáo viên. Nếu như job - Both my parents have full-
(n)
ám chỉ một nghề nghiệp, công việc nhất time jobs.
định, cụ thể thì work nhắc đến công việc - Many women are in part-time jobs.
chung chung.) (danh từ đếm được)
sự nghiệp (công việc hoặc một loạt công - He had a very distinguished career
việc bạn làm trong suốt cuộc đời làm in the Foreign Office.
career
việc của mình, đặc biệt nếu bạn tiếp tục - She plans to pursue a career in
/kə'rɪr/
hoàn thành công việc tốt hơn và kiếm medicine.
(n)
được nhiều tiền hơn) (danh từ đếm
được)
nghề nghiệp, một loại công việc cần đào - He left the teaching profession in
tạo hoặc kỹ năng đặc biệt, đặc biệt là 1965 to start his own business.
profession /prə'feʃ.ən/
công việc cần trình độ học vấn cao -
(n)
(danh từ đếm được) the medical/legal/teaching profession
- to enter/go into/join a profession
nghề nghiệp, thường ám chỉ đến nghề - He listed his occupation on the form
nghiệp gắn liền với cuộc đời một người. as "teacher."
occupation
Từ này được sử dụng đặc biệt trên các - current/previous occupation
/,ɑ:.kjə'peɪ.ʃən/ (n)
biểu mẫu và văn bản chính thức (danh
từ đếm được)
việc làm (khá trang trọng), đặc biệt là - Only half the people here are in
khi làm để kiếm tiền (danh từ đếm paid employment.
employment được); tình trạng được tuyển dụng hoặc - After leaving Pearson, it took
/ɪm'plɔɪ.mənt/ (n) tình hình mọi người có việc làm (danh Friedman months to find new
từ không đếm được). employment.
- The steelworks provided

employment for thousands of people.

1. Only 20 percent of the students intend to pursue jobs/careers as engineers in the industry.
2. Her father discouraged her from going into the legal profession/work.
3. David is trying to get a work/job in a bank that is nearest to his house.
4. She lists her main occupation/employment as 'property developer'.
5. Taking care of a baby is hard work/profession.
6. Some economists think that full career/employment in Europe is an unattainable goal.
7. Now many temporary _______ are also of a longer duration and you work with a contract of two to six
months.
A. works B. jobs C. careers D. professions
8. We've finished decorating upstairs but the downstairs still needs some ______.
A. profession B. job C. work D. occupation
9. The new factory will provide _______ for about a hundred local people.
A. employment B. occupation C. work D. profession
10. The report notes that 40 percent of lawyers entering the _______ are women.
A. work B. job C. occupation D. profession
11. He returned to his previous _______ as a teacher.
A. employment B. career C. occupation D. work
44. CÔNG BẰNG
impartial /ɪm'pɑ:∫l/ không ủng hộ một người/nhóm này an impartial observer
(adj) hơn người/nhóm khác: công bằng, vô
tư, không thiên vị
~ neutral /'nju:trəl/ (adj)
~ unbiased /ʌn'baɪəst/ (adj)
objective không bị ảnh hưởng bởi cảm xúc hoặc an objective assessment of the
/əb'dʒektɪv/ (adj) quan điểm cá nhân; chỉ cân nhắc thực situation
tế/sự kiện: khách quan
~ unbiased
>< subjective /səb'dʒektɪv/ (adj)
disinterested không bị ảnh hưởng bởi cảm xúc cá a disinterested spectator
/dɪs'ɪntrestɪd/ (adj) nhân hoặc bởi cơ hội nhận được điều
gì (tiền bạc, quyền lực,...) cho bản
thân: vô tư, không vụ lợi, không cấu
lợi
~ impartial
~ objective
~ unbiased
fair-minded (miêu tả người) nhìn nhận và đánh giá He was fair-minded and
/,feə 'maɪndɪd/ (adj) sự việc một cách công bằng và cởi scrupulously honest.
mở: công bằng, vô tư, không thiên vị,
không thành kiến
1. Sarah always tries to be fair and reasonable and always listens to other people’s opinions - she is one
of the most biased/fair-minded people I know.
2. When his parents split up, he didn’t take his father's or his mother's side; he tried to
remain neutral/subjective.

3. You should find a financial consultant who can offer completely independent
and subjective/disinterested advice.
4. Historians try to be impartial/uninterested, but they cannot free themselves entirely from their own
opinions.
5. I can't really be subjective/objective when I'm judging my daughter’s work.
6. His account of the situation was very biased/objective, and you should check your facts before making
a judgement.
7. In all fairness, it would seem that an objective, disinterested/biased party should review the current
planning and its impact on such history.
8. We need to have an independent and biased/objective assessment of the candidate's abilities.
9. Personal taste in clothing is very subjective/objective.
10. Viewpoints about the history of this country must be from a fair and inequitable/impartial angle.
45. CƯ DÂN
inhabitant một con người hoặc một con vật sống - the oldest inhabitant of the village
/ɪn'hæbɪtənt/ ở một nơi cụ thể nào đó: người ở, - It eats mice, lizards, and other
(n) người cư trú, cư dân small inhabitants of the forest floor.
(đặc biệt dùng trong danh từ city dwellers (= people who live in a
dweller
ghép) một con người hoặc một con city)
/'dwelə(r)/
vật sống ở một nơi cụ thể được đề cập
(n)
đến
một người sống lâu dài ở một nơi cụ a resident of the United Kingdom
thể hoặc người có nhà ở đó
(formal) một người đang ở qua đêm The hotel bar was only open
resident
tại một khách sạn (một hoặc hơn một to residents (= to people staying at the
/'rezɪdənt/
đêm) hotel).
(n)
The hotel restaurant is open to non-
residents (= to people not staying at
the hotel).
một người từ một nước/vùng khác đến - French settlers founded New
một nước/vùng mới (nơi mà không có Orleans.
settler
nhiều người sống ở đó trước đây) để - When the first settlers moved into
/'setlə(r)/ (n)
sống ở đó và sử dụng đất đai ở đó the area, they faced immense
hardships.
(thường dùng ở dạng số nhiều) một The café is popular with
local người sống ở một vùng nhỏ cụ thể mà both locals and visitors.
/'ləʊkl/ (n) bạn đang nói tới: người dân địa
phương
công dân của một nước cụ thể nào đó She's applying to become a
British citizen.
citizen một người sống ở một thành phố/thị - the citizens of Budapest
/'sɪtɪzn/ (n) trấn cụ thể: dân thành thị - the decent, law-abiding citizens
(= people who obey and respect the
law) of this city
1. Japan has more than 1.1 million registered foreign residents/locals.
2. At the time, there were over 2.000 British locals/citizens living in Iraq.
3. The village was founded by settlers/inhabitants from the Volga region.
4. This pool is for the use of hotel residents/citizens only.
5. Tensions have been growing between students and locals/settlers in the area.

6. The citizens/settlers of Moscow woke up this morning to find they had a new government.
7. The island’s occupants/inhabitants have made it clear that they do not want to destroy a way of life
that has existed for centuries.
8. Apartment settlers/dwellers are still primarily couples and singles.
9. Eddie’s grandfather was one of the town’s first occupants/settlers.
10. If you get lost, just ask one of the settlers/locals for directions.
11. Priority will be given to Canadian citizens and permanent _______ of Canada.
A. dwellers B. locals C. residents D. settlers
12. Some anthropologists believe that the very earliest cave _______ used everything from thorns, bones,
sticks, and stone to fashion crude hairpins
A. settlers B. citizens C. locals D. dwellers
13. It was so exciting to see that our birdhouse has some new _______.
A. inhabitants B. residents C. citizens D. locals
14. The number of graves found in Upper Hailing suggests that these were of _______
A. citizens B. settlers C. occupants D. dwellers
15. The hotel restaurant is open to _______ and their guests.
A. residents B. inhabitants C. citizens D. settlers
16. She entered the United Kingdom in 2022 as a permanent resident because of her marriage to a British
_______.
A. dweller B. citizen C. local D. settler
17. Slum _______ in India regularly deals with problems such as lack of clean water, no sewage or waste
disposal facilities, and unsanitary living conditions.
A. citizens B. locals C. dwellers D. settlers
18. The site contains the remains of ancient _______ who came to the area from Asia.
A. residents B. settlers C. inhabitants D. citizens
46. CUNG CẤP
[ngoại động từ] cung cấp ai - provide something for somebody
những gì họ cần, làm cho nó có - provide somebody with something
sẵn để họ sử dụng, dùng đến - He provided us with a lot of useful
provide
information.
/prə'vaɪd/
- She did not provide any evidence to
(v)
substantiate the claims.
- We are here to provide a service for the
public.
[ngoại động từ] cung cấp thứ gì - supply something to somebody/something
đó được mong muốn hoặc cần - supply
supply thiết, thường với số lượng lớn và somebody/something with something
/sə'plaɪ/ trong một khoảng thời gian dài - The company supplied sports equipment to
(v) schools.
- Electrical power is supplied by
underground cables.
[ngoại động từ] + [nội động - He offered some useful advice.
từ] sẵn lòng làm gì, cung cấp thứ - offer something for something
gì hoặc trao cơ hội, điều gì đó cho - offer something to somebody
offer
ai nếu họ muốn (nhấn mạnh đến - offer somebody something
/'ɑ:.fə/
yếu tố "sẵn lòng làm hay cung
(v)
cấp", khi dùng offer, người
nói/người viết thể hiện không có
sự ép buộc, bắt buộc nào.)

(v) và ăn cắp những thứ ở đó, nhấn mạnh - He went out burgling nearly every
hành động "đột nhập” khi chủ nhà đi night to support his drugs habit.
vắng
1. She was caught robbing/stealing food from the supermarket.
2. The terrorists financed themselves by robbing/stealing banks.
3. When they got back from their holiday they found that their home had been stolen/burgled.
4. The thieves entered the museum through the roof and robbed/stole three paintings worth more than
two million euros.
5. The place was in such a mess that I thought we'd been burgled/stolen.
6. A young woman was attacked and robbed/stolen as she walked home from work last night.
7. Our car was stolen/robbed from outside our house last week.
50. ĐẶC BIỆT
[thường chỉ đứng trước danh Are you doing anything special for
từ] không thông thường hoặc không Christmas?
bình thường; khác xa so với những
gì bình thường
~ exceptional /ɪk'sepʃənl/ (adj)
special quan trọng hơn những thứ She's a very special friend.
/'speʃl/ (adj) khác/người khác; xứng đáng hoặc
nhận được nhiều sự chú ý hơn bình
thường
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] tốt hơn As an only child, she
hoặc nhiều hơn bình thường got special attention.
~ especial /ɪ'speʃl/ (adj)
cực kỳ tốt; xuất sắc: nổi bật, đáng an outstanding achievement
outstanding
chú ý
/aʊt'stændɪŋ/ (adj)
~ exceptional
không như bình thường hoặc thông - an extraordinary achievement
thường; tuyệt vời hoặc tốt đẹp hơn - an extraordinary talent
bình thường: lạ thường, khác
thường, phi thường
extraordinary
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] (về một The ruling Socialist Party held
/ɪk'strɔ:dnri/ (adj)
cuộc họp/thảo luận/...) được sắp an extraordinary congress in July,
xếp/tổ chức (bên cạnh các thời điểm two months before the annual
thường xuyên) cho một mục đích đặc congress.
biệt: đặc biệt, bất thường
[thường chỉ đứng trước danh - a deluxe hotel
deluxe từ] (hàng hoá/dịch vụ/...) có chất
/dɪ'lʌks/ (adj) lượng cao hơn hoặc đắt hơn thông
thường
notable đáng được lưu ý tới/nhắc tới hoặc A notable feature of the church is its
/'nəʊtəbl/ (adj) nhận được sự chú ý; quan trọng unusual bell tower.
1. The task requires deluxe/extraordinary patience and endurance.
2. The notable/deluxe model comes complete with an in-car CD player and earphone.
3. This type of wood needs special/outstanding treatment.
4. His eyes are his most deluxe/notable feature.
5. At the age of five, he showed exceptional/deluxe talent as a musician.

6. They organized an especial/extraordinary meeting of shareholders to discuss the burning issue.

7. Deluxe/Special thanks are due to the many volunteers who helped organize fund-raising events.
8. The lecture will be of deluxe/especial interest to history students.
9. He wants someone special/especial, with whom he will spend the rest of his life.
10. A lot of my teachers were good, but Mrs. Smith was outstanding/deluxe.
11. This deadline will be extended only in especial/exceptional circumstances.
12. It is ______ that only 15% of senior managers are women.
A. especial B. notable C. deluxe D. outstanding
13. When he stays out of town, he frequently checks into ______ hotels that charge thousands of dollars a
night.
A. deluxe B. especial C. extraordinary D. notable
14. In ______ circumstances candidates without these qualifications may be considered.
A. especial B. deluxe C. outstanding D. special
15. The drawing room is particularly ______ for its splendid oak panelling.
A. extraordinary B. deluxe C. notable D. especial
16. I give ______ thanks to Jane Brown for her extraordinary help and to Tony White for years of helpful
discussions.
A. notable B. outstanding C. especial D. deluxe
17. Forrest Gump is a movie that holds a(n) ______ place in my heart.
A. deluxe B. special C. outstanding D. especial
18. Their resort hotels, like most of their city centre establishments, were aimed at customers seeking
first-class or even ______ accommodation.
A. notable B. especial C. outstanding D. deluxe
19. She was a woman of ______ courage and remarkable ability and no one can doubt that Tony Benn
was lucky to have found and married her.
A. extraordinary B. deluxe C. ordinary D. usual
20. The first-class or ______ resort hotel market was not the most profitable or the best long-term
investment for the company.
A. deluxe B. notable C. especial D. extraordinary
21. He was ______ for his outstanding leadership in helping the university to overcome cuts in
government funding.
A. especial B. ordinary C. deluxe D. notable
22. He had taken ______ care preparing for this evening and in his heart, he knew that he would be
escorting this beautiful girl home.
A. usual B. deluxe C. ordinary D. especial
23. Police advised residents to take ______ precautions because of the increase in burglaries.
A. ordinary B. usual C. deluxe D. special
24. Twenty thousand copies are expected to be published, among which there will be a limited ______
edition with silk end-sheets bound in gold blocked leather.
A. especial B. ordinary C. deluxe D. outstanding
25. Her ______ performances set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world.
A. outstanding B. ordinary C. normal D. especial
26. My old laptop was retired because of a really weird problem - it would only start in ______
circumstances.
A. ordinary B. deluxe C. exceptional D. outstanding
51. ĐƠN, ĐỘC NHẤT
độc nhất vô nhị, độc đáo, không Each person's genetic code
unique
có cái khác tương tự is unique except in the case of
/ju:'ni:k/ (adj)
identical twins.

(chỉ đứng trước danh từ) tự mình, - The game is famous for a
solo
thực hiện, trình diễn một mình mà stunning solo goal from John Barnes.
/'soʊloʊ/
không có sự tham gia giúp đỡ của - She is releasing a solo album.
(adj)
người khác
only (chỉ đứng trước danh từ) chỉ, duy - I was the only person on the train.
/'əʊnli/ nhất, không có ai, cái nào, cách - Is this really the only way to do it?
(adj) nào khác cả
cá nhân, riêng lẻ, tồn tại và được - We interviewed
xem xét tách biệt với những thứ each individual member of the
individual khác hoặc những người khác trong community.
/,in.də'vɪdʒ.u.əl/ (adj)một nhóm - Farmers each have their
own individual concerns about the
changes.
độc thân, chưa kết hôn hoặc chưa He's been single for so long now
single /'sɪŋgl/ (adj) có mối quan hệ tình cảm với ai
khác
1. The only/unique way he can express himself is through violence.
2. I'd recognize your handwriting anywhere - it's only/unique.
3. Individual/Single members of the cast contributed greatly to the show’s success.
4. The apartments are ideal for solo/single people living alone.
5. Their former lead singer is now a solo/single artist.
6. She thinks that young people today are too concerned with unique/individual happiness and
gratification.
7. She's the only/single one who can do it.
8. Fingerprints are ______ to every individual.
A. only B. single C. solo D. unique
9. Please state whether you are ______, cohabiting, married, separated, divorced or widowed.
A. only B. single C. unique D. individual
10. Choose a savings account to match your ______ needs.
A. individual B. unique C. only D. single
11. He used to play with a group but now he's pursuing a(n) ______ career.
A. unique B. single C. solo D. individual
12. Johnson was born in Aberdeen in 1942, the ______ son in a family of six children.
A. single B. only C. unique D. individual
52. ĐĂNG KÝ
book đặt vé trước, thu xếp để có một chỗ - She booked a flight to Chicago.
/bʊk/ ngồi, phòng, v.v. vào một thời điểm - I'll book a table for 8 o'clock.
(v) cụ thể trong tương lai
đăng ký, thu xếp cho chính bạn hoặc - Is it too late to enroll at the college?
enroll
cho người khác tham gia chính thức - They want to enroll their children in
/ɪn'rəʊl/
một khóa học, trường học, đại học, their local school.
(v)
cao đẳng, chương trình, nhóm v.v.
đăng ký, ghi tên của bạn và các - More than 5 000 people registered to
register /'redʒ.ə.stə/ thông tin khác vào danh sách chính take part in the contest.
(v) thức để được dự thi, bầu cử, hoặc - Have you registered for the English
được cấp phép làm gì đó v.v. exam yet?

1. He booked/enrolled in a glass-making degree course at London's Royal College of Art.

2. David booked/enrolled a seat on the evening flight to Los Angeles.
3. Increasingly, the unmarried father of a child in Europe enrolls/registers his paternity at the baby's
birth.
4. We have enrolled/registered eighty children in this day-care program.
5. Her husband wants her to register/book the car in his name.
6. We were advised to enroll/book early if we wanted to get a room.
7. He registered/enrolled at Penn State University.
53. ĐẤT
(thường là the earth) đất, bề mặt trên đó - After a week at sea, it was good
earth mà chúng ta sinh sống (được dùng khi bạn to feel the earth beneath our feet
/ɜ:rθ/ muốn nhấn mạnh đá, đất, cát, v.v. cấu tạo again.
(n) nên nó) - fifty feet above the earth
- under/below/beneath the earth
đất trồng trọt (cây cối phát triển), đất canh - sandy/fertile soil
soil
tác - rich/poor/dry/wet soil
/sɔɪl/
- The flowers do well in sandy soil.
(n)
- soil erosion
- đất liền (được sử dụng khi bạn muốn - It was good to be back on land.
land tương phản nó với biển) - We travelled by land (đường bộ),
/lænd/ - đất đai, phần diện tích đất, đặc biệt là though flying would have been
(n) được sử dụng cho một mục đích cụ thể như cheaper.
xây dựng
bề mặt rắn chắc của trái đất mà mọi người - I found her lying on the ground.
ground
đi trên đó (khi bạn không ở trong một tòa - He fell to the ground, crying out
/graʊnd/
nhà hoặc xe cộ) in pain.
(n)
- above/below ground
1. You could feel the earth/land shake as the truck came closer.
2. The rocket crashed a few seconds after it left the soil/ground.
3. Corn is grown a lot in this area - the soil/earth seems to suit it very well.
4. It is cheaper to drill for oil on soil/land than at sea.
5. People were sitting on the earth/ground in small groups.
6. He had enjoyed the voyage but was happy to feel the earth/soil beneath his feet once more.
7. Cutting down forest trees can lead to serious earth/soil erosion.
8. We want to buy a plot of ______ to build a house.
A. earth B. land C. soil D. ground
9. We laid a blanket on the ______ for our picnic.
A. ground B. earth C. land D. soil
10. The ______ shook and the walls of neighboring houses fell around them.
A. land B. soil C. earth D. ground
11. These new plants haven't taken - they don't like this dry ______.
A. ground B. earth C. land D. soil
12. The refugees were at sea for 40 days before reaching ______.
A. soil B. ground C. land D. earth
54. ĐẦU TIÊN, BAN ĐẦU
first xảy ra hoặc đến trước tất cả - I fell in love with him the first time I saw
/fɜ:st/ (determiner, những người/thứ khác (trong him.

ordinal number) một chuỗi) về thứ tự/thời - Today is the first of August.
gian/lượng/chất lượng/sự quan
trọng: đầu tiên; thứ nhất
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] xảy ra - in the initial stages (= at the beginning)
initial tại thời điểm ban đầu; đầu tiên of the campaign
/ɪ'nɪ∫l/ (adj) ~ first - My initial reaction was to decline the
offer.
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] tồn tại - Is this the original fireplace?
kể từ thời điểm ban đầu của một - The gardens have recently been restored
thời kỳ/quá trình/hoạt động nào to their original glory.
đó; là mẫu/dạng/hình thái đầu - the original meaning of the word
tiên của một thứ gì đó: thuộc
gốc, thuộc nguồn gốc, thuộc căn
original /ə'rɪdʒənl/ nguyên, đầu tiên, ban đầu
(adj)
mới và thú vị theo cái cách mà - an original idea
nó khác biệt với bất kì thứ gì đã - the product of a highly original mind
tồn tại trước đó; có thể cung cấp - The film is great - it's challenging and
những ý tưởng mới và thú highly original.
vị: độc đáo, nguyên bản; sáng
tạo
đầu tiên, mở đầu, khai mạc; bắt - the opening match of the season
opening
đầu - the opening chapter of the book
/'əʊpənɪŋ/ (adj)
>< closing /'kləʊzɪŋ/ (adj) - the chairman’s opening remarks
thuộc phần giới thiệu introductory
(được viết hoặc nói) cho thứ gì chapters/paragraphs/remarks
sau đó: để giới thiệu
~ opening
với mục đích là phần giới introductory courses/lectures
thiệu/nhập môn/bước đầu làm
quen cho một môn học hoặc một
introductory
hoạt động cho những người mà
/,ɪntrə'dʌktəri/ (adj)
chưa từng học hoặc thực hiện
trước đó
(giá cả/lời chào hàng) chỉ được - a special introductory price of just £10
đề nghị/thực hiện trong một - This introductory offer is for three days
khoảng thời gian ngắn khi một only.
sản phẩm mới được tung ra bán
để thu hút khách hàng
1. I’d like to make a few original/introductory remarks before we start the program.
2. First/Opening impressions can be misleading.
3. During my sophomore year of college, I took an introductory/opening acting course as an elective.
4. The kitchen still has many original/introductory features (= parts that were there when the house was
first built).
5. Visitors are advised to watch out for new hotels that run initial/introductory offers.
6. It’s not a bad movie but there's nothing very initial/original about it.
7. The aim of this initial/original meeting and the following one is to clarify the issues.
8. United scores in the opening/original minutes of the game.
9. The project is only in the original/initial phase, but it’s looking quite promising.

19. Her popularity ______ its peak in the late 2000s.

A. obtained B. realized C. fulfilled D. reached
20. We have tested our products in heavy field conditions to ______ the high requirements of the Finish
Defence Forces.
A. fulfil B. gain C. accomplish D. attain
21. It was her performances in London that ______ her an international reputation as a soprano.
A. accomplished B. gained C. achieved D. realized
22. I’ve ______ the point where I’m not going to put up with his criticisms of me anymore.
A. reached B. acquired C. obtained D. fulfilled
23. They ______ a Tucson resort in 1991 and a Hyatt hotel in Houston in 1992.
A. realized B. reached C. acquired D. accomplished
24. He should have gotten an award for ______ such impossible tasks in such a short period of time.
A. realizing B. attaining C. accomplishing D. obtaining
25. The internet is a vast resource, but to ______ its full potential it is necessary to direct consumers to
high quality information and to teach them how to assess the quality of information.
A. accomplish B. achieve C. attain D. realize
57. ĐI
go để chỉ một chuyển động từ nơi người - I went to Paris last summer. Have you
/gəʊ/ nói, người nghe đến một nơi khác ever been there?
(v) - Does this train go to Newcastle?
come một chuyển động đến nơi mà người - Can you come to my party?
/kʌm/ nói hoặc người nghe ở đó - Your father will come for (= to collect)
(v) you at four o'clock.
1. Don't go/come too near me - you might catch my cold.
2. We’re planning to go/come to Spain this winter.
3. I hope you can go/come to Australia to visit us.
4. The fastest way to get to the library is to go/come through the park.
5. She’s got someone going/coming this morning to fix the computer.
6. I have to go/come to Rome on business and I’ll really miss you.
7. I’m a curious girl. Come/Go and tell me all about it.
8. A: "Where did Sue go/come?" B: "I have no idea about that”
58. DI CƯ
[nội động từ] di cư, rời khỏi đất - The family left Czechoslovakia in 1968
emigrate
nước của bạn để đến và sống vĩnh and emigrated to America.
/'emɪgreɪt/
viễn ở một quốc gia khác - My grandparents emigrated from
(v)
Vietnam to the US in the 1980s.
[nội động từ] di cư đến một nơi nào - Mexican farm workers migrate into the
đó, một đất nước nào đó thường là US each year to find work at harvest
migrate
để tìm kiếm công việc và thường time.
/'maɪgreɪt/
sống ở đó tạm thời, ngoài ra còn - These animals migrate annually in
(v)
dùng để chỉ các loại động vật di cư search of food.
theo mùa
1. Many citizens with higher education were trained abroad and they
often emigrate/migrate permanently.
2. Mexican farmworkers emigrate/migrate to the US each year to find work at harvest time.
3. In September, these birds emigrate/migrate 2,000 miles south to a warmer climate.
4. My family emigrated/migrated from Europe in the early 1800s to settle in America.
5. People emigrate/migrate to cities like Jakarta in search of work.
A. take place B. arise C. turn out D. occur

23. Our wedding will ______ at St. Andrew’s church.
A. occur B. happen C. arise D. take place
24. The decrease in the number of salmon has ______ through commercial overfishing.
A. come about B. struck C. turned out D. arrived
61. ĐIỀU CHỈNH, SỬA ĐỔI

[ngoại động từ] thay đổi, sửa đổi The law has been significantly modified
modify (một kế hoạch, quan điểm, luật pháp, since that ruling.
/'mɑ:.də.faɪ/ chính sách, hành vi...,) nhẹ, không
(v) đáng kể để nó được cải thiện và thỏa
đáng hơn
- [ngoại động từ] thay đổi cái gì đó Adjust your language to the age of your
adjust để phù hợp với các điều kiện mới, để audience.
/ə'dʒʌst/ đạt hiệu quả hơn, tốt hơn, điều chỉnh
(v) - sắp xếp lại đồ áo để ngăn nắp, gọn
gàng
- [nội động từ] thích nghi với môi - Many software companies have
trường (vật sống) adapted popular programs to the new
adapt - [nội động từ] + [ngoại động operating system.
/ə'dæpt/ từ] thay đổi, làm cái gì đó thay đổi - Species have adapted to climate
(v) đế phù hợp với các điều kiện (biến changes throughout history.
đổi), chức năng sử dụng khác nhau ~
modify
tailor [ngoại động từ] chỉnh sửa, thay đổi Special programs of study are
/'teɪlər/ để phù hợp với một mục đích, đối tailored to/for the needs of specific
(v) tượng cụ thể nào đó groups.
correct [ngoại động từ] sửa đổi, thay đổi để Read through your work and correct
/kə'rekt/ chính xác hơn, sửa lỗi sai, lỗi lầm, any mistakes that you find.
(v) khuyết điểm...,
1. Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to adapt/modify their behaviour.
2. The ways in which organisms have adapted/tailored to survive in this extreme environment are not
well understood.
3. At this stage you should be able to correct/adjust at least some of your own mistakes.
4. As a teacher you have to modify/adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.
5. We tailor/correct any of our products to your company's specific needs.
6. She ______ her skirt, took a deep breath, and walked into the room.
A. corrected B. tailored C. adapted D. adjusted
7. We found it cheaper to ______ existing equipment rather than buy new.
A. tailor B. modify C. correct D. adjust
8. Their eyesight can be ______ in just a few minutes by the use of a laser.
A. adjusted B. adapted C. corrected D. tailored
9. ______ the angle of your monitor so you can easily read it.
A. Adjust B. Tailor C. Modify D. Correct
10. To remain competitive the company has to be able to ______ to the changing marketplace.
A. tailor B. adapt C. correct D. adjust
62. ĐOÁN, DỰ ĐOÁN

sự cố gắng để đưa ra một câu trả lời If you don’t know the answer, have
guess
hoặc ý kiến khi mà bạn không chắc a guess.
/ges/(n)
chắn là bạn đúng hay không: sự đoán
lời dự đoán về việc mà bạn nghĩ sẽ xảy Having lived in the UK for more
ra trong tương lai; hành động dự đoán than one year, I’ve learned not to
prediction
về tương lai make any predictions about the
/prɪ'dɪkʃn/ (n)
*prediction mang nghĩa rộng hơn weather here.
forecast
hành động phát hiện ra hoặc xác định The engineer examined the
diagnosis
được nguyên nhân chính xác của một washing machine for some time
/,daɪəg'nəʊsɪs/
căn bệnh hoặc một vấn đề: sự chẩn before giving me his diagnosis.
(n)
đoán
dự đoán về việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương It is too early to make
forecast lai (dựa trên các thông tin hiện có) về firm forecasts about the UK
/'fɔ:kɑ:st/ (n) sự phát triển của một điều gì đó: sự dự economy after the pandemic.
đoán trước, sự dự báo trước
estimation [C] một lời phán đoán về giá cả, kích Estimations of our total world
/,estɪ'meɪʃn/ cỡ, giá trị, mức độ, ... của một thứ sales are around 50 million.
(n) gì/điều gì đó: sự ước lượng
1. It is difficult to make long-term forecasts/guesses for a fast-growing industry.
2. At a rough guess/diagnosis, I'd say we're about twenty miles from home.
3. Six hundred workers there lost their jobs today, amid gloomy diagnoses/predictions that there could be
worse to come.
4. The figures of 9% and 5% were diagnoses/estimations by federal officers, who lacked hard statistical
data upon which to base their percentages.
5. He took one look at the wilted plant and gave me an immediate diagnosis/estimation: "It needs more
water," he said.
6. "What goes through your mind when you wake up in the morning and hear the weather ______ is
eighty and sunny?"
A. estimation B. forecast C. guess D. diagnosis
7. Without the results of the blood test, the doctor could only make a tentative ______ of the disease.
A. estimation B. diagnosis C. forecast D. guess
8. In this study, we made no specific ______ about likely outcomes.
A. diagnoses B. estimations C. predictions D. guesses
9. In fact, the first group were absolutely correct in their ______ of the man’s height.
A. forecast B. prediction C. diagnosis D. estimation
10. Who do you think I saw yesterday? I'll give you three ______.
A. guesses B. predictions C. forecasts D. diagnoses
11. We should be fine unless it rains. This truck doesn't do well in the rain. But I didn’t see rain in the
______.
A. diagnosis B. estimation C. guess D. forecast
12. To aid the ______ of moving costs, we will assume that each room is of average size.
A. estimation B. guess C. diagnosis D. prediction
63. DOANH THU, LỢI NHUẬN
- số tiền bạn kiếm được cho công - Average earnings for skilled workers
earnings /'ɜ:.nɪŋz/
việc bạn làm, thu nhập (danh từ số are rising.
(n)
nhiều) - Sun Microsystems

- lợi nhuận của một công ty trong reported earnings that were slightly
một thời kỳ cụ thể (danh từ số nhiều) better than the market had been
expecting.
số tiền mà chính phủ nhận được - Taxes provide most of the
thường là từ thuế hoặc tổ chức nhận government's revenue.
revenue
được từ hoạt động kinh doanh của - Arco has reacted to the loss
/'rev.ə.nu:/
mình (nhận một cách đều đặn, ổn in revenue by pruning back its
(n)
định) (đếm được hoặc không đếm expansion plans.
được)
tiền kiếm được trong thương mại She makes a big profit from selling
profit hoặc kinh doanh sau khi thanh toán waste material to textile companies.
/'prɑ:.fɪt/ các chi phí sản xuất và bán hàng hóa
(n) và dịch vụ (đếm được hoặc không
đếm được)
tiền mà một người hoặc tổ chức kiếm - She sold her car and bought a piano
proceeds được từ việc bán, đấu giá cái gì, with the proceeds.
/'proʊ.si:dz/ giành được thứ gì đó hoặc từ việc tổ - The proceeds of the concert will go to
(n) chức một sự kiện hoặc hoạt động charity.
(danh từ số nhiều)
1. The company reported that proceeds/earnings were down last quarter.
2. The central government collects the tax revenue/profit on behalf of local authorities.
3. They bought a new minibus with the proceeds/earnings from the auction.
4. The company said it had made a revenue/profit of about £1.4bn on the deal.
5. People with a university education tend to have higher profits/earnings than those with basic
education.
6. The ______ of today's festival will go to several local charities.
A. earnings B. revenues C. proceeds D. profits
7. Tourism is the island's main and stable source of ______.
A. revenue B. earnings C. profit D. proceeds
8. The rise in the value of the dollar has depressed the company's ______ this year.
A. profits B. revenues C. proceeds D. earnings
9. There isn’t much ______ in running a restaurant these days because we have to pay for a lot of things.
A. revenue B. earnings C. profit D. proceeds
10. They need to restructure the tax system to collect more ______.
A. earnings B. revenue C. proceeds D. profit
64. ĐỐI THỦ
một người mà bạn đang cố đánh He is admired even by his
opponent bại trong một cuộc thi/sự kiện thể political opponents/adversaries.
/ə'pəʊnənt/ thao/trò chơi/đánh nhau/tranh
(n) luận/...
~ adversary /'ædvəsəri/ (n)
một người/nhóm người/tổ - He finished 39 seconds ahead of
chức/công ty/... cạnh tranh lẫn his main rival.
rival
nhau trong thể thao/kinh doanh/... - This latest design has no rivals/is
/'raɪvl/ (n)
competitor /kəm'petɪtə(r)/ (n) without rival (= it is easily the best
design available).
enemy một người phản đối hoặc chống lại - It is rare to find a prominent politician

/'enəmi/ (n) ai/điều gì with few political enemies.

- The lion is the zebra's chief enemy.
một quốc gia hoặc một nhóm đang an attack by enemy aircraft
có chiến tranh với một quốc
gia/nhóm khác
một người/đội đang có cơ hội - a strong contender for the gold medal
contender
dành chiến thắng trong một cuộc - He is a top contender for Senate
/kən'tendə(r)/
thi hoặc đạt được một vị trí lãnh majority leader.
(n)
đạo
1. This latest defeat means that she’s no longer a rival/contender for the world title.
2. During the primary elections, McCain was Bush's leading contender/opponent.
3. The troops had camouflaged themselves so effectively that the enemy/rival didn’t notice them
approaching.
4. Sophia left her job and went to work for a rival/contender company.
5. James Moriarty was Sherlock Holmes's mortal contender/enemy.
6. There are several contestants, but only two real ______ for the gold medal.
A. enemies B. opponents C. contenders D. adversaries
7. She hit the ball so hard that her ______ had no chance to establish any rhythm in her game.
A. enemy B. contender C. contestant D. opponent
8. The police believe the fight was due to a dispute between ______ teenage gangs.
A. adversary B. enemy C. rival D. contender
9. Who was her main ______ for the presidential nomination?
A. opponent B. enemy C. contender D. combatant
10. She was considered a leading ______ for the party leadership.
A. enemy B. contender C. opponent D. adversary
11. The company is well equipped to compete with its international ______.
A. enemies B. contestants C. contenders D. rivals
12. In major battles, there was as much chance of a submarine being attacked by its own side as opposed
to the ______.
A. contender B. enemy C. contestant D. opponent
13. In both contests, Webb stopped his ______ in the first round with an awesome display of punching.
A. enemies B. combatants C. contenders D. opponents
14. Birds are the natural ______ of many insect pests.
A. enemies B. opponents C. adversaries D. contestants
15. Investors long hoped the company might do the heavy restructuring needed to revive profits and
compete with new ______.
A. contestants B. contenders C. rivals D. enemies
65. ĐỘNG CƠ
một thiết bị biến đổi điện năng hoặc - An electric motor is used to pump the
motor
nhiên liệu làm cho máy móc hoặc xe water.
/'moʊ.tə/ (n)
cộ hoạt động hoặc chuyển động - Batteries power the motor.
máy có các bộ phận chuyển động nhờ - The engine runs on diesel.
engine sử dụng năng lượng từ nhiên liệu lỏng - My car had to have a new engine.
/'en.ʤɪn/ hoặc hơi nước, ví dụ như trong
(n) phương tiện giao thông đường bộ
hoặc máy bay

(v) một vị trí

buộc ai đó rời khỏi một ngôi nhà hoặc A number of tenants have
evict
đất đai, đặc biệt là khi bạn có quyền been evicted for not paying the rent.
/ɪ'vɪkt/ (v)
làm như vậy
dismiss sa thải ai đó He has been dismissed from his job for
/dɪs'mɪs/ incompetence.
(v)
cho phép ai đó được chính thức rời He was discharged from the army
discharge khỏi hoặc khiến ai đó rời khỏi lực following his injury.
/dɪs'tʃɑ:dʒ/ lượng vũ trang hoặc công an
(v) [ngoại động cho phép ai đó xuất viện bởi vì họ đã Josh has a broken nose but may
từ, thường ở đủ khoẻ để rời khỏi bệnh viện be discharged today.
dạng bị động] cho phép ai đó được ra khỏi tù hoặc Jack was conditionally discharged after
rời khỏi toà án admitting the theft.
cho phép ai đó ra khỏi một nơi mà họ He was released from prison after
release
bị giam giữ hoặc bị mắc kẹt: thả, giải serving two years of a five- year
/rɪ'li:s/ (v)
phóng, phóng thích... sentence.
1. After he was arrested, his lawyer got him released/ejected the same day. He never spent a single night
in jail.
2. There should be a power to release/dismiss employees who fail to return to work after reasonable
notice has been given.
3. Police had to expel/evict demonstrations from the building.
4. And the worst of it was, he had just done serious magic, which meant that he was almost
certainly expelled/released from Hogwarts.
5. Gareth was ejected/dismissed from the restaurant for drunken and disorderly behaviour.
6. More than half of all prisoners expelled/discharged are reconvicted within two years.
7. Most world leaders might be embarrassed to have a spy ring exposed and dismissed/expelled from
another country.
8. Before the patient is discharged/ejected, a physical therapist fits the patient with crutches and gives
instructions regarding their correct use.
9. Shortly after the report was published, a third faculty member was summarily ______ on grounds of
three days of unapproved absence.
A. evicted B. dismissed C. ejected D. released
10. Firefighters took two hours to ______ the driver from the wreckage.
A. expel B. discharge C. release D. evict
11. They were unable to pay the rent, so they were ______ from their home.
A. released B. discharged C. dismissed D. evicted
12. He found a job doing data entry but was fired when his boss found out he was ______ from
university.
A. expelled B. released C. discharged D. evicted
13. Patients were ______ from the hospital because the beds were needed by other people.
A. discharged B. expelled C. dismissed D. ejected
14. The two couples were ______ from the taxi shortly after they got in because they became abusive.
A. expelled B. ejected C. released D. discharged
15. After he won the presidency in 1990, the opposition joined with the Army overthrow him and ______
him from the country.
A. release B. dismiss C. evict D. expel

16. His memory was impaired, and he was ______ from the Royal Air Force.
A. released B. evicted C. discharged D. dismissed
68. ĐÁNH GIÁ, KIỂM TRA
hình thành một quan điểm về ai You shouldn't judge her too harshly.
judge
đó/điều gì đó dựa trên thông tin mà
/dʒʌdʒ/(v)
bạn có: xét, xét đoán, đánh giá
đưa ra một nhận định về bản We are trying to assess/evaluate how
assess chất/phẩm chất/chất lượng của ai well the system works.
/ə'ses/ (v) đó/cái gì đó: đánh giá
~ evaluate /ɪ'væljueɪt/ (v)
xem xét ai đó/cái gì đó một cách kỹ Investigators examined the room
examine
lưỡng để xem có vấn đề gì không hoặc minutely for clues.
/ɪg'zæmin/
để tìm ra nguyên nhân của một vấn
(v)
đề: khám xét, xem xét, thẩm tra
đưa ra nhận xét/quan điểm về một Please rate and review your purchase
cuốn sách/vở kịch/bộ phim/sản phẩm on our website.
...
review kiểm tra hoặc xem xét lại cái gì đó After reviewing the evidence, the judge
/rɪ'vju:/ (v) một cách cẩn thận (đặc biệt là để dismissed the case.
quyết định xem có cần thiết phải thay
đổi điều gì không)
~ reassess /,ri:ə'ses/ (v)
1. Before buying an antique, examine/judge it closely to avoid buying a fake.
2. Safety procedures are being urgently reviewed/judged after a chemical leak at the factory.
3. Interviews allow you to review/assess the suitability of candidates.
4. It’s not for me to judge/examine whether he made the right decision or not.
5. Researchers evaluated/examined teaching performance by comparing students' exam results.
6. After judging/reassessing the situation, she decided to do nothing.
7. As well as being an author, Jane examines/reviews books for the Sunday papers.
8. I only go to see movies that are ______ favourably.
A. assessed B. evaluated C. examined D. reviewed
9. The video shows women how to ______ their breasts for cancer.
A. evaluate B. examine C. review D. judge
10. You should never ______ a person solely on their looks.
A. judge B. review C. examine D. evaluate
11. The doctor ______ her body carefully but could find nothing wrong.
A. examined B. judge C. reviewed D. assessed
12. The tests are used to ______ individual students' ability and knowledge.
A. review B. reassess C. assess D. lack
13. Candidates are ______ on their ability to think independently.
A. reviewed B. examined C. reassessed D. evaluated
69. ĐẶC ĐIỂM
đặc điểm quan trọng, hấp dẫn, - An interesting feature of the city is the
feature
thú vị của một nơi, một thứ gì old market.
/'fi:.tʃə/
đó - Which features do you look for when
(n)
choosing a car?
trait một đặc điểm, phẩm chất cụ - His sense of humour is one of his

/daɪ'vɜ:ʃn/ (n) động được thực hiện để giải trí, - The party will make a
đặc biệt là bởi vì nó khiến bạn pleasant diversion.
chuyển sự tập trung chú ý từ một
thứ khác đến nó
~ distraction /dɪ'strækʃn/ (n)
1. In the summer, the most popular forms of relaxation/composure are trips to the beach and picnics in
the countryside, where they roast meat and vegetables over open fires.
2. TV provided a welcome leisure/diversion from our routine.
3. There was a range of fairground hobbies/amusements, including rides, stalls, and competitions.
4. Throughout the year, the park transforms with themed food and drink kiosks, festive décor, limited-
edition merchandise, and plenty of live pastime/entertainment.
5. Many people in the UK now enjoy shorter working hours and more diversion/leisure time.
6. Several games were provided for the education and amusement/hobby of the children.
7. Folk dances are for recreation/inactivity and enjoyment and are often at the centre of seasonal
celebrations and social events.
8. The weekend will be a real family outing with lots of entertainment/occupation and amusements for
children.
9. Educated at Oxford and Cambridge, he lists his games/recreations in Who’s Who as photography,
gardening, and horseracing.
10. The hotel offers various leisure/diversion facilities such as a swimming pool and sauna.
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in
each of the following questions.
11. Hiking is one of my favourite diversions.
A. recreations B. limitations C. preferences D. alternatives
12. They spend much of their leisure time with their grandchildren.
A. travelling time B. waiting time C. spare time D. lead time
13. Her favourite forms of relaxation were reading detective novels and listening to classical music.
A. attention B. recreation C. ease D. composure
14. His favourite recreations are watching movies and playing board games.
A. hobbies B. restorations C. refreshments D. plays
15. These days we have increased opportunities for leisure.
A. vacation B. holiday C. break D. recreation
16. The fields next to the school are used for recreation.
A. joy B. delight C. amusement D. privilege
17. For beauty lovers, being able to identify a product based on its colour, shape, and size alone is a form
of entertainment in its own right.
A. amusement B. performance C. staging D. presentation
18. I’m reading this novel for amusement.
A. enlightenment B. preparation C. entertainment D. experience
19. The festival will be augmented by plenty of entertainments: dragon racing, an exhibition of cars, and
a French market.
A. hobbies B. amusements C. pastimes D. recreations
77. GIẢM XUỐNG
[nội động từ] trở nên nhỏ hơn về - Fertility decreases with age.
decrease
kích cỡ, số lượng,...; - People should decrease the amount of
/dɪ'kri:s/
[ngoại động từ] làm cho cái gì đó trở fat they eat.
(v)
nên nhỏ hơn về kích cỡ, sổ lượng,...
decline [nội động từ] trở nên nhỏ hơn, ít hơn, Support for the party continues
/dɪ'klaɪn/ yếu hơn,... (dùng với lượng hoặc các to decline.

(v) con số hoặc nói về mức độ hoặc tiêu

chuẩn của cái gì)
reduce [nội động từ, ngoại động từ] làm cho The number of employees was reduced
/rɪ'dju:s/ cái gì/trở nên ít đi hoặc nhỏ hơn về from 40 to 25.
(v) kích cỡ, số lượng, giá cả,...
[nội động từ] trở nên nhỏ hơn, yếu - His influence has diminished with
hơn,...: giảm, giảm bớt time.
diminish
[ngoại động từ] làm cho cái gì đó trở - A single-payer system
/dɪ'mɪnɪʃ/ (v)
nên nhỏ hơn, yếu hơn,... would diminish the bureaucratic cost of
~ decrease health care.
lower [ngoại động từ] giảm cái gì/điều - Please lower your voice.
/'ləʊə(r)/ gì; [nội động từ] trở nên thấp hơn về - Interest rates have been lowered again.
(v) giá trị, chất lượng,...
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên - The noise began to lessen.
lessen hoặc làm cho cái gì đó/điều gì đó nhỏ - A healthy diet can lessen the risk of
/'lesn/ (v) hơn, yếu hơn, kém quan trọng hơn,... heart disease.
~ diminish
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên - The temperature
drop hoặc làm cho cái gì/điều gì yếu hơn, has dropped considerably.
/drop/ (v) thấp hơn (giá cả/nhiệt độ ...), ít đi,...: - You must drop your speed in built-up
sụt, giảm, hạ areas.
[ngoại động từ, ngoại động từ, Food supplies were severely depleted.
thường dùng ở dạng bị động] giảm
deplete cái gì đó với số lượng lớn nên không
/dɪ'pli:t/ (v) còn nhiều; bị giảm với số lượng lớn
(thường nói về nguồn cung cấp năng
lượng, tiền bạc, thực phẩm,...)
1. This drug is used to decrease/lower blood pressure.
2. Intensive fishing is depleting/lessening fish stocks in the North Sea.
3. The practice actually saved the school money by decreasing/declining the garbage-disposal expenses.
4. When blood pressure drops/depletes or declines, less blood flows to the brain, leading to fainting.
5. Her popularity as a singer has depleted/diminished since the glory days of the 2000s.
6. Too many background details tend to drop/lessen the impact of the central image.
7. The rate of car exhaust suicides in the United States has lessened/declined since the mid-sixties, when
emission controls were introduced.
8. They will require car makers to reduce/decline emissions of carbon dioxide by 30%.
9. The strength of the army was greatly ______ by outbreaks of disease.
A. dropped B. declined C. diminished D. depleted
10. If we continue to ______ the earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the
environment.
A. lower B. deplete C. decline D. drop
11. She ______ her voice, turned back to Alex, and put a hand on his shoulder.
A. lowered B. decreased C. depleted D. lessened
12. Symptoms include a dry mouth, ______ appetite, headache, and tiredness.
A. depleted B. lessened C. dropped D. decreased
13. The temperature rarely ______ below 30°C here during summer.
A. diminishes B. lessens C. drops D. depletes

15. A(n) ______ investigation is underway after a woman’s body was found in a tunnel.
A. murder B. assassination C. slaughter D. execution
79. GIỚI HẠN
[ngoại động từ] ngăn không cho cái gì It's really important to limit the
tăng vượt quá một mức độ/hạn mức nhất amount of fat in your diet.
định
limit /'lɪmɪt/ (v)
~ restrict /rɪ'strɪkt/ limit somebody/yourself limit - I've limited myself to 1000 calories
somebody/yourself to something a day to try and lose weight.
(v)
ngăn không cho bản thân bạn/ai đó có/sử - You can use any material available
dụng/làm việc gì mà vượt quá một số - why limit yourself?
lượng/mức độ cụ thể
[thường dùng ở dạng bị động] giữ cho - Let's confine our attention to the
confine
bản thân/điều gì ở trong một giới hạn nhất problem of illegal drugs.
/kən'faɪn/
định về hoạt động/chủ đề/khu vực/... - The work will be confined to the
[v]
~ restrict Glasgow area.
[ngoại động từ] ngăn không cho điều gì The government is taking steps
restrain
tăng trưởng/tăng quá nhiều; hạn chế sự to restrain inflation.
/rɪ'streɪn/
tăng trưởng/phát triển của điều gì
[v]
~ bring/get/keep something under control
hạn chế/giới hạn điều gì hoặc làm cho nó - Expenditure within the company is
control
xảy ra theo một cách cụ thể nào đó tightly controlled.
/kən'trəʊl/
- Parents should control what their
(v)
kids watch on television.
1. Higher interest rates appear to be confining/restraining consumer spending.
2. In many countries, the production of the drug is illegal or tightly controlled/confined.
3. She was told to restrict/restrain the amount of salt she uses.
4. The new law confines/limits the number of foreign cars that can be imported.
5. In the 1970s, the government tried to restrain/confine corruption.
6. Let’s restrain/confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
7. Place numbers are restrained/limited to 50 on both tours, so please book early.
8. Speed is restricted/restrained to 30 mph in towns.
9. The government has announced new measures to confine/control immigration.
10. By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine/restrain the disease to the north of the region
(= stop it from spreading to other areas).
11. A lack of formal education will limit/restrain your job opportunities.
12. The economy has rebounded a bit, but it is still being confined/restrained by high oil prices.
13. They tried to improve traffic congestion by restraining/restricting entry to the city.
14. Some shops were limiting/controlling customers to two loaves of bread each.
15. A weak labour market means less money to spend on goods and services and
thus confine/restrain economic growth.
16. Time out is an effective way of controlling/restraining aggressive behaviour.
17. These small mammals are generally restrained/confined to the south of the island. We've never found
any in the other parts of the island.
80. GIỐNG NHAU
giống nhau hoàn toàn, không khác - Our children go to the same school as
same một tí nào (khi so sánh người hay theirs.
/seɪm/ (adj) vật với nhau ta dùng "the same") - My twin sister and I have
the same nose.

like giống như (dùng để so sánh), có thể - She's wearing a dress like mine.
/laɪk/ xem giới từ "like" đồng nghĩa với - She looks nothing like (= not at all
(pre) "similar to" like) her mother.
(không đứng trước danh từ) theo - They tried to treat all their
alike
một cách rất giống nhau, rất giống children alike.
/ə'laɪk/ (adv/adj)
nhau - Airports are all alike to me
giống ai đó / cái gì đó nhưng không - The two houses are similar in size.
similar
hoàn toàn giống nhau, tương tự - My teaching style is similar to that of
/'sɪmələr/ (adj)
most other teachers.
giống nhau đến từng chi tiết, giống - The two pictures are similar,
identical nhau hoàn toàn although not identical.
/aɪ'dentɪkl/ (adj) - This house is almost identical to/with
the one where I lived as a child.
1. I went and bought myself a new pen just same/like yours.
2. I noticed that Richard and I were both wearing the same/like jacket.
3. Frank had a problem connecting his printer. We had a same/similar problem, so it must be the
software.
4. She first showed us a beautiful 16th-century vase. Then she showed us an identical/alike one, but the
second one was a copy.
5. All the shops are alike/like, and it’s hard to find something different.
6. The disease attacks the immune system in a(n) identical/similar way to AIDS.
7. Like/Alike most people, I'd prefer to have enough money not to work.
8. My father and I have ______ views on politics.
A. alike B. like C. identical D. similar
9. Everyone is a unique species because not everyone acts or thinks ______.
A. same B. alike C. similar D. identical
10. The name on the ticket should be ______ with the one in the passport.
A. similar B. like C. same D. identical
11. These two colours are not the ______. This one is slightly lighter than that one.
A. alike B. identical C. same D. similar
12. The blackbird, ______ most birds, breeds in the spring.
A. identical B. similar C. alike D. like
81. NHỚ, GỢI LẠI

evoke [ngoại động từ] làm cho ai đó nhớ The music evoked memories of her youth.
/ɪ'voʊk/ (v) lại một cảm giác, cảm xúc, gợi lên
reminisce [nội động từ] hồi tưởng, nhớ lại We spent a happy evening
/,remɪ'nɪs/ reminiscing about the past.
(v)
[ngoại động từ] +[nội động - I cannot recall a time when the country
recall
từ] nhớ lại kí ức trong quá khứ và faced such serious problems.
/'rɪ:.kɑ:l/
thường mô tả lại những gì nhớ - recall what, when, etc.
(v)
được Can you recall exactly what happened?
remind [ngoại động từ] nhắc nhở ai, làm - Remind me to phone Alan before I go
/rɪ'maɪnd/ cho ai đó nhớ lại điều gì họ đã out.
(v) quên hoặc có thể đã quên - Can you remind us about/of your plans

for the building?

remember [ngoại động từ] nhớ, nhớ lại ai, remember somebody/something
/rɪ'mem.bə/ điều gì (trong quá khứ), ghi nhớ - This is Carla. Do you remember her?
(v) điều gì đó (những điều quan trọng) - Remember to call me when you arrive!
1. The aroma of freshly baked bread in the morning has always evoked/ reminisced memories of his
childhood home.
2. Stephen frowned, trying to remind/ recall what had happened.
3. We spent the evening remembering/reminiscing about our university days.
4. She welcomed him and reminded/ reminisced him of the last time they had met.
5. Recall/Remember to save your work often, just in case your computer crashes.
6. I ______ reading something in the paper about that.
A. remind B. evoke C. remember D. reminisce
7. The recent flood ______ memories of the great flood of 1972.
A. evoked B. recalled C. reminded D. remembered
8. Passengers are ______ to take all their personal belongings with them when
they leave the plane.
A. remembered B. evoked C. reminisced D. reminded
9. Ray and I ate our meal and ______ about the trip.
A. recalled B. reminisced C. reminded D. remembered
10. Twenty years later he could still clearly ______ the event.
A. remind B. evoke C. recall D. reminisce
82. GIÀ, CŨ
sống hoặc tồn tại rất nhiều năm; cũ - They have a beautiful old farm house
(dùng trước danh từ); bao nhiêu in the country. Their great grandfather
old tuổi built it.
/əʊld/ (adj) - He bought me a new car to replace
my old one.
- Pippa is five years old now.
sống rất nhiều năm (thay thế cho từ The local council provides services to
elderly
old với sắc thái trang trọng và lịch care for elderly people living alone.
/'eldəli/ (adj)
sự hơn)
bao nhiêu tuổi (không dùng trước - We’re actively recruiting full- time
danh từ); rất già/cũ (đứng trước volunteers aged between 25 and 40.
aged
danh từ, mang sắc thái trang trọng) - My wife and I have a place up in the
/eɪdʒd/(adj)
Lake District where we go walking with
our aged dog.
thuộc về một thời kỳ lịch sử đã tồn - According to the newspaper, the coin
tại hàng nghìn năm trong quá khứ; belonged to an ancient civilization that
ancient
đã tồn tại trong một khoảng thời flourished in Al-Jouf.
/'emʃənt/ (adj)
gian dài - The area is still covered by
huge ancient forests.
(dùng để miêu tả đồ đạc, trang He has a superb collection
antique
sức,...) cổ và thường có giá trị of antique clocks. It must be worth ten
/æn'ti:k/ (adj)
million pounds.
Circle the best word front the ones given in the brackets to complete each sentence.
1. When the ancient/aged aunt in question finally makes an appearance in the story, the title assumes its
true dimensions.

2. In European countries, there might be a large number of antique/elderly people who live alone.
3. James has sold his aged/old record player.
4. I'm on a rattly bus which is heading past a huge ancient/aged pyramid.
5. The building is fully furnished with some of Scotland's finest antique/elderly pieces.
6. Eventually, they decided to replace existing elderly/aged computers with a new integrated computer
system.
7. If you have an ______ neighbour or relative, look out for them in the winter months.
A. antique B. overdue C. ancient D. elderly
8. Last night they got home at 11:15 p.m. to find more than 30 items of valuable jewellery, including
______ pearls and brooches, stolen.
A. ancient B. antique C. aged D. junior
9. She was ______ 85 and had lived for many years across the Irish Sea.
A. old B. ancient C. antique D. aged
10. This lane coils around villages, past waterfalls and over ______ stone bridges.
A. aged B. antique C. ancient D. elderly
11. Her clothes were battered, her face bruised and her boots ______, but she held herself proudly.
A. old B. aged C. ancient D. antique
12. The table used for massage has ______ and medicinal value because it was made of trees with
medicinal value.
A. elderly B. ancient C. antique D. old
13. The people in the village still observe the ______ customs of their ancestors.
A. elderly B. aged C. ancient D. antique
14. The ______ people who stay active are usually the healthiest and the happiest.
A. ancient B. antique C. bygone D. elderly
15. She's getting ______ - she's 75 next year.
A. old B. ancient C. elderly D. antique
16. Very old pieces with their original finish should usually not be repainted or refinished as you may
remove the indications of their authenticity and ______ value.
A. elderly B. antique C. aged D. mature
17. They believed ______ Greece and Rome were vital sources of learning.
A. antique B. ancient C. aged D. elderly
18. Alan has two children, ______ eleven and nine.
A. aged B. old C. elderly D. ancient
83. GIÀU CÓ
* rich, wealthy, prosperous, affluent, và well-off đều là những tính từ để miêu tả ai đó/điều gì đó có rất
nhiều tiền, của cải hoặc tài sản có giá trị.
(miêu tả một người) có rất nhiều tiền, của cải hoặc He was born in
tài sản có giá trị a rich and powerful
(miêu tả một quốc gia hoặc một thành phố) cung family.
rich
cấp rất nhiều của cải vật chất nên nhiều người dân ở
/rɪtʃ/ (adj)
đó có mức sống cao
~ wealthy /'welθi/ (adj)
~ well-off /,wel 'ɒf/ (adj)
[mang sắc thái trang trọng] có rất nhiều tiền và có affluent Western
affluent mức sống tốt. countries
/'æfluənt/ (adj) ~ wealthy
~ prosperous
prosperous [mang sắc thái trang trọng] giàu và thành công prosperous countries
/'prɒspərəs/ ~ affluent

(adj)
comfortable có đủ tiền để mua thứ mà bạn muốn mà không cần They're not millionaires,
/'kʌmftəbl/ phải lo lắng về giá but they're certainly
(adj) very comfortable.
tăng trưởng hoặc phát triển một cách thành công There is
flourishing
a flourishing trade in
/'flʌrɪʃɪŋ/ (adj)
these kinds of items.
1. Amsterdam, the flourishing centre of international maritime trade, was an ideal location for a collector
of natural curios.
A. comfortable B. thriving C. depressed D. poor
2. These countries became prosperous through trade, not aid.
A. affluent B. flush C. relaxed D. impoverished
3. He was born and grew up in a very affluent neighbourhood which is prosperous and has a great
standard of living.
A. poor B. wealthy C. indigent D. beggarly
4. They are much better off than us.
A. richer B. needier
C. more disadvantaged D. poorer
84. GIỮA
ở trong khoảng không gian tách - I sat down between Jo and
biệt giữa 2 (hoặc hơn) người/đồ Diana.
vật/... (nếu những người/việc/đồ - Switzerland
vật này là những thứ hoàn toàn lies between France, Germany,
between tách biệt) Austria, and Italy.
/bɪ'twi:n/ (prep.)
trong khoảng thời gian tách biệt Don’t eat between meals.
giữa 2 ngày/năm/sự kiện/...
được dùng để chỉ ra một mối liên There was a lot of bad
hệ hoặc quan hệ feeling between them.
được bao quanh bởi ai/cái gì; ở - a house among the trees
giữa ai/cái gì (thường là những - It's OK, you’re among friends
người/vật tách biệt nhưng có now.
điểm tương đồng)
được tính đến hoặc đang xảy ra - He was among the last to
among /ə'mʌŋ/ amongst /ə'mʌŋst/
giữa những nhóm người/việc leave.
(prep.)
- This attitude is
common among the under-25s.
được dùng khi bạn đang lựa chọn They divided the money up
hoặc phân chia cái gì giữa một among their three children.
nhóm từ 3 người/vật trở lên
giữa chừng của việc gì/trong bầu He finished his
không khí của việc gì đang diễn speech amid tremendous
ra (đặc biệt là những việc mà có applause.
amid /ə'mɪd/ amidst /ə'mɪdst/ thể gây ra sự hào hứng hoặc sợ
(prep.) hãi)
ở giữa hoặc được bao quanh bởi - He was sitting amid the trees.
cái gì (có thể là giữa những thứ - A reaper is working amid the

tách biệt hoặc một khối không grain.

phân biệt)
in the middle - a lake with an island in the
in the middle of something ở middle
giữa/trung tâm - The phone rang in the
middle giữa điều gì middle of the night.
/'mɪdl/ (n) be in the middle of - I have a pain in the middle
something/of doing something of my back.
đang bận làm việc gì I'm in the middle of writing a
difficult letter
* Note: between vs. among
- Khi nói về vị trí, among thường được sử dụng khi có từ 2 người/vật trở lên ở xung quanh ai đó/thứ
gì; between thường được sử dụng khi chỉ có 1 người/vật ở mỗi bên của ai đó/thứ gì.
They hid among the trees.
I put my bad down between my feet.
- Between được sử dụng khi nói đến những cá nhân hoặc những thứ tách biệt và riêng biệt (không quan
trọng về số lượng). Among được sử dụng khi nói đến những thứ/người mang tính tập thể hoặc người/vật
không được đề cập đến một cách cụ thể.
a treaty between nations
the restaurant between my house and my work
among many others
no honour among thieves
1. This chicken isn’t cooked among/in the middle.
2. The firm collapsed among/amid allegations of fraud.
3. We walked among/in the middle the chestnut woods on the mountain slopes.
4. You can't leave in the middle of/between the meeting!
5. The town lies halfway between/amid Rome and Florence.
6. A British woman was amid/among the few passengers who survived after the crash.
7. Are there any public holidays in the middle of/between Christmas and Easter?
8. They were amid/in the middle of dinner when I called.
9. There is a link amid/between unemployment and crime.
10. The king was growing old and thought to divide his kingdom among/amid his five daughters.
11. The hotel was in a beautiful position amid/in the middle lemon groves.
12. Someone phoned when I was among/in the middle of bathing the baby.
13. The paper had fallen down ______ the desk and the wall.
A. among B. between C. in the middle D. amid
14. This is my class photo - she’s the one ______.
A. amid B. in the middle C. between D. among
15. It was also indicated that the grant will be divided ______ the six participating institutions.
A. among B. into C. in the middle D. amid
16. Scientists have established a connection ______ cholesterol levels and heart disease.
A. in the middle of B. among C. amid D. between
17. A senior leader cancelled a trip to Britain yesterday ______ growing signs of possible political crisis.
A. amid B. between C. into D. among
18. He was studying the similarities and differences ______ humans and animals.
A. in the middle B. amid C. between D. among
19. The prime minister was ______ the 300 people who attended the prince's funeral.
A. between B. among C. in the middle D. amid

20. The cabins stand in their own picket-fenced patch of grass ______ beautiful countryside.
A. between B. into C. among D. amid
21. A lot of students spend a year abroad in ______ school and university.
A. between B. amid C. in the middle D. among
22. Children were changing classrooms ______ laughter and shouts.
A. into B. among C. between D. amid
23. The noise woke us up ______ the night.
A. among B. in the middle of C. amid D. between
24. "What was wrong with the job? - "Well, the pay wasn’t good, ______ other things."
A. between B. amid C. in the middle of D. among
85. GHEN TỴ
envious muốn được như người khác; muốn thứ Everyone seems so envious of her having
/'enviəs/ (adj) mà người khác có: thèm muốn, ghen tị the chance to study abroad.
cảm thấy giận dữ hoặc không vui bởi vì Anna says she feels jealous every time
người mà bạn thích hoặc yêu thể hiện another woman looks at her boyfriend.
sự quan tâm đến người khác: ghen,
jealous ghen tuông
/'dʒeləs/
cảm thấy giận dữ hoặc không vui vì She's jealous/envious of my success.
(adj)
bạn muốn có thứ mà người khác
có: ghen tị, ghen ghét, đố kỵ.
~ envious
thứ gì đó mà enviable là thứ tốt mà Now he is in the enviable position of not
enviable
người khác cũng muốn có: gây sự thèm having to work for a living.
/'enviəbl/
muốn, gây sự ganh tị, đáng thèm, đáng
(adj)
ganh tị
1. I was envious/enviable of her hair because mine was coarse and harder to maintain.
2. Like many men, he doesn’t seem to know what fear is - an enviable/envious trait!
3. Peter was obsessively jealous/envious, and his behaviour was driving his girlfriend away.
4. She had new white leather roller skates, and I couldn't help feeling a little enviable/envious.
5. Because she has maintained her beautiful skin and enviable/envious figure, Amy remains my father’s
greatest treasure.
6. I can remember feeling madly jealous/envious when he was flirting with other women when we were
still boyfriend and girlfriend.
7. A few of the curls around her face were dyed pink, which both surprised me and made me
totally enviable/jealous.
86. GỢI Ý
[C] một ý tưởng hoặc kế hoạch mà bạn đề I'd like to hear your suggestions
cập đến để cho ai đó cân nhắc: sự đề xuất, for ways of raising money.
suggestion gợi ý
/sə'dʒestʃən/ [U, C, usually singular] một điều (một There was no suggestion that he
(n) dấu hiệu/khả năng/... không rõ ràng hoặc was doing anything illegal.
mơ hồ) chỉ ra sự tồn tại của một việc gì
đó (thường là việc gì xấu)
điều gì mà bạn nói hoặc làm một cách - He gave a broad hint (= one
gián tiếp để cho người khác thấy điều bạn that was obvious) that he was
hint
đang nghĩ thinking of retiring.
/hɪnt/ (n)
* take a/the hint: hiểu điều mà ai đó - Can’t you take a hint and leave
muốn bạn làm cho dù họ nói với bạn về me alone?

điều đó một cách gián tiếp

dâu hiệu cho điều gì sẽ xảy ra trong tương The opening scene gives us
lai a hint of things to come.
~ sign
[C, U] một dấu hiệu/bình luận/sự kiện/... There are clear indications that
indication chỉ ra rằng một điều gì đó đang xảy ra the economy is improving.
/,ɪndɪ'keɪʃn/ hoặc điều ai đó đang nghĩ/cảm thấy hoặc
(n) điều gì là đúng: sự biểu lộ, sự biểu thị,
dấu hiệu
implication [C, U] điều gì được gợi ý hoặc gián tiếp He criticized the Director and, by
/,ɪmplɪ'keɪʃn/ thể hiện (điều gì được ẩn ý, không nói implication, the whole of the
(n) ra/thể hiện trực tiếp): ấn ý organization.
1. Dark green leaves are a good indication/implication of healthy roots.
2. I have a suggestion/hint. call the store and ask them about it.
3. I was offended by his sign/implication that women can't be good at mathematics.
4. "Look, I can’t tell you the answer.” - "Oh, come one, give me a hint/suggestion."
5. There is no implication/suggestion that he was involved in any wrongdoing.
6. They left at the first hint/implication of trouble.
7. The researchers say they can find no ______ that television has harmful physical effects on children.
A. indication B. implication C. hint D. suggestion
8. The law bans organized protests and, by ______, any form of opposition.
A. sign B. indication C. implication D. hint
9. Police said there was no ______ of foul play and that the death was the result of an accident.
A. suggestion B. mention C. recommendation D. implication
10. Is that nod a(n) ______ of your agreement?
A. suggestion B. indication C. hint D. implication
11. Peter ignored my ______ that he should try phoning her again.
A. indication B. implication C. suggestion D. sign
12. The ______ is his article is that being a housewife is greatly inferior to every other occupation.
A. implication B. hint C. indication D. sign
13. They haven’t announced their wedding officially, but they have dropped several ______.
A. suggestions B. indications C. hints D. signs
14. There is some ______ that the intruder was the same person who killed Sarah.
A. implication B. suggestion C. recommendation D. mention
15. You have to be blunt with him. He can’t take a(n) ______.
A. indication B. suggestion C. implication D. hint
16. Taking a career history along with you to the interview will be a clear ______ that you are well
organized.
A. suggestion B. implication C. indication D. hint
17. He agreed with my ______ that we should change the date.
A. indication B. hint C. implication D. suggestion
18. In refusing to believe our story, he is saying by ______ that we are lying.
A. hint B. sign C. suggestion D. implication
19. Her evaluation will give me a good ______ of where I stand in the class.
A. indication B. suggestion C. implication D. hint
20. We shall have to turn back if there's the slightest ______ of fog.
A. suggestion B. hint C. indication D. implication

13. May I ______ you to your table, sir, or would you prefer to have a drink at the bar first?
A. convoy B. conduct C. transport D. convey
14. His faithful old dog ______ him everywhere he went.
A. conducted B. conveyed C. transported D. accompanied
15. The police ______ him to the airport and made sure that he left the country.
A. transported B. conducted C. escorted D. walked
16. He ______ us through his personal gallery of the Civil War.
A. conducted B. conveyed C. accompanied D. convoyed
17. The text was ______ by a series of stunning photographs.
A. convoyed B. accompanied C. escorted D. conducted
18. He was ______ by armed guard to and from the plane at Barcelona airport
A. transported B. conducted C. conveyed D. escorted
19. Tax cuts have been ______ by massive increases in public expenditure.
A. escorted B. conveyed C. accompanied D. conducted
20. Police and FBI agents ______ the President to the White House.
A. convoyed B. conducted C. handled D. attended
88. HOÃN, LÀM CHẬM LẠI
retard something Continuing violence
retard làm cho sự phát triển hoặc sự tiến triển will retard negotiations over the
/rɪ'tɑ:d/ của một điều gì chậm lại country’s future.
(v) ~ delay
~ slow
[ngoại động từ] làm cho ai đó/việc gì bị Thousands of commuters
muộn hoặc khiến họ làm việc gì chậm were delayed for over an hour.
hơn
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] không làm Don't delay - call us today!
delay
việc gì ngay lập tức hoặc theo như kế
/dɪ'leɪ/ (v)
hoạch mà chờ tới thời gian sau đó mới
làm; làm cho việc gì xảy ra tại thời
điểm muộn hơn
~ defer
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] đi hoặc Economic growth has slowed a little.
slow
làm cho ai/việc gì đi ở một tốc độ chậm
/sləʊ/ (v)
hơn hoặc ít tích cực hơn
sắp xếp cho một sự kiện/cuộc họp/... The game has already
postpone diễn ra tại một thời gian/ngày muộn been postponed three times.
/pə'spəʊn/ hơn so với ban đầu: hoãn (cho đến
(v) khi...)
~ put off
detain somebody - I’m sorry I’m late - I was
detain làm cho ai bị muộn (một khoảng thời unavoidably detained.
/dɪ'teɪn/ gian ngắn) - The minister was
(v) ~ delay hoặc ngăn không cho họ đi đâu unavoidably detained in Lisbon on
affairs of state.
1. His arrival was seriously retarded/delayed by a late train.
2. We were detained/deferred in traffic and arrived at the theatre a little late.
3. The progression of the disease can be deferred/retarded by early surgery.
4. Don’t delay/slow - write in now for your chance of a free gift.

5. Bill slowed/postponed his pace to allow her to catch up with him.

6. He decided to detain/postpone the expedition until the following day.
7. The economy has ______ enough for some analysts to predict a recession.
A. deferred B. detained C. postponed D. slowed
8. The train was unavoidably ______ after a small avalanche had blocked the line.
A. postponed B. delayed C. put off D. retarded
9. (In a job interview) I won't ______ you for much longer, Miss Reid. There are just a few more
questions that I need to ask you.
A. detain B. defer C. postpone D. slow
10. The game has been ______ from Wednesday night to Friday night.
A. slowed B. postponed C. retarded D. detained
11. Cold weather ______ the growth of many plants.
A. defers B. postpones C. retards D. detains
12. They’re ______ marriage or, increasingly, not getting married at all.
A. slowing B. retarding C. delaying D. detaining
13. Traffic ______ to a crawl during rush hours.
A. slows B. detains C. defers D. postpones
14. Ah! I comprehend. Well, I need not ______ you any further.
A. slow B. defer C. retard D. detain
15. Food additives perform many valuable functions like increasing flavour, adding extra minerals or
other nutrients, and ______ spoilage.
A. detaining B. deferring C. retarding D. postponing
16. They ______ having children, for the usual reason, to establish their careers.
A. delayed B. detained C. retarded D. slowed
17. We'll have to ______ a decision until we have all the information.
A. retard B. slow C. postpone D. detain
18. The lack of a rail link ______ the town's development.
A. postponed B. retarded C. deferred D. detained
19. She ______ the car and began driving up a narrow road.
A. defers B. detains C. slows D. postpones
20. The problems have ______ the progress of the program.
A. detained B. deferred C. postponed D. retarded
89. HỌC
học lấy kiến thức và kỹ năng thông - He had the opportunity
qua: học tập, luyện tập, được dạy dỗ to learn English in Australia.
learn
hoặc trải nghiệm, học một cách tự - He’s still learning how to dance.
/lɜ:rn/
nhiên, thấm dãn vào nhận thức. Ngoài - I learnt the poem by heart.
(n)
ra còn được dùng với nghĩa học
thuộc, lặp đi lặp lại để ghi nhớ điều gì
study học tập, nghiên cứu hay thu thập kiến - Janet's studying for a degree in history.
/'stʌdi/ thức, kỹ năng có thể học tập từ sách - She studied at New College, Oxford.
(v) vở hay đi đến trường, đại học...,
1. You can learn/study a great deal just from watching other players.
2. My brother learned/studied photography at the Royal College of Art.
3. I've learned/studied a lot about computers since I started work here.
4. In the third year, a number of areas are learned/studied in detail.
5. He learned/studied to ride when he was about three years old.
6. She couldn't study/learn and focus on her reading with the children chasing around the house.

4. The music doesn't go with/fit the mood of the film.

5. The doors were painted blue to match/suit the walls.
6. I had to have the dress altered to go with/fit my slimmer body.
7. The city lifestyle seems to suit/fit her - she looks great.
8. My mother thinks this jacket goes with/suits this skirt.
92. HUẤN LUYỆN, GIÁO DỤC, ĐÀO TẠO
- [ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] giảng, - teach science/maths/history etc
dạy giúp học sinh có được kiến thức thông - teach something/somebody
qua việc cung cấp thông tin về nó - teach something to somebody
teach
- [ngoại động từ] hướng dẫn, chỉ cách cho - She teaches them English.
/ti:tʃ/
người khác để họ có thể tự làm việc gì đó. - My mother teaches me
(v)
how to cook.
- Schools should teach
children about healthy eating.
- [ngoại động từ] giáo dục, dạy ai đó, - educate someone at/in something
thường là trong vài năm, đặc biệt là tại một - All their children have been
trường học, trường cao đẳng hoặc đại học educated privately.
educate (thường chia ở dạng bị động) - The government say they are
/'eʤ.u.keɪt/ - [ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] cung cấp trying to do more to educate the
(v) cho ai đó kiến thức cần thiết hoặc hữu ích public about the consequences of
về điều gì drug abuse.
- educate somebody to do
something
[ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] đào tạo - The crew are well trained to deal
cho kỹ năng và cách thực hiện một việc with emergencies.
hay hành động nào đó - They train dogs to sniff out
train
drugs.
/treɪn/
- train
(v)
somebody as/in/for something
- The students are being trained
for careers in big business.
[ngoại động từ] huấn luyện ai đó chơi thể - He has coached the team for five
thao, hoàn thành công việc tốt hơn hoặc years.
coach
nâng cao kỹ năng (đặc biệt là các kĩ năng - Her father coached her for the
/kəʊtʃ/
thể hiện trước đám đông), đặc biệt là hình Olympics.
(v)
thức là tư nhân - Youngsters will be coached in the
basics of the game.
1. I'll be educating/teaching history and sociology next term.
2. He was educated/taught at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge.
3. I had to take an aptitude test before I began coaching/training as a nurse.
4. I've been invited to coach/train the under-eleven rugby team.
5. Our job is to teach/educate young people to think about the environment.
6. My uncle is going to teach/educate me how to drive this summer.
7. I had to coach/train myself to be more assertive at work.
8. If you're wondering how to ______ a dog with a specific behavior, one of the most effective methods
is to give them treats, praise, or affection.
A. coach B. educate C. teach D. train
9. That is a stage school where they ______ children in singing and dancing.

việc có ích hoặc quan trọng/bạn đang có mọi

thứ mà bạn muốn từ cuộc sống
[không dùng trước danh từ] hài lòng với Andy was a good husband, and
những gì mà bạn có/điều gì và bạn sẵn lòng Nicky was clearly very content.
chấp nhận những điều đó thay vì muốn sự
thay đổi/sự cải thiện hoặc muốn điều gì khác
content hoặc điều gì tốt hơn
/kən'tent/ (adj) *cảm thấy content phụ thuộc vào thái độ của
bạn đối với cuộc sống của bạn. Hay nói một
cách khác, bạn có thể học để cảm
thấy content với điều gì bằng cách thay đổi
thái độ của mình đối với điều đó.
1. Now that I have my dream job, for the first time in my life I feel really fulfilled/discontented.
2. He’s quite content/fulfilled with the knowledge that his films aren’t for everyone.
3. A good travel agent knows that a fulfilled/satisfied customer will always come back.
4. I think if I could write a song that I knew was good, not necessary a big hit, I would
feel dissatisfied/fulfilled.
5. We’re so pleased/content that you're able to come to the wedding.
6. Moby was quite fulfilled/content with a low-key musical career until the world fell in love with an
album he put together in his bedroom.
7. Many of the listeners surveyed said that they were not satisfied/fulfilled with the station’s programs.
8. I think he’s going to be fulfilled/pleased that we identified the real problems.
95. KHẢ NĂNG
capacity khả năng để hiểu hoặc làm gì đó A habit becomes an addiction
/kə'pæsəti/ when it reduces
(n) our capacity to enjoy life.
ability hiện thực mà ai đó/cái gì đó có thể làm được This program has
/ə'bɪləti/ (n) điều gì the ability to adapt to its user.
một việc mà có thể sẽ xảy ra hoặc trở thành There's a
possibility
hiện thực; hiện thực mà một việc gì đó có strong possibility that it will
/,pɒsə'bɪləti/
thể sẽ xảy ra hoặc thành hiện thực (nhưng rain.
(n)
không chắc chắn)
likelihood khả năng mà một điều gì đó có thể xảy ra Using a seatbelt will reduce
/'laɪklihʊd/ ~ probability /,prɒbə'bɪləti/ (n) the likelihood of serious
(n) [U] injury in a car accident.
prospect khả năng mà một điều gì đó (tốt đẹp) có thể Is there any
/'prɒs.pekt/ sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai immediate prospect of peace
(n) in this area?
1. He had no doubts about his team's ability/likelihood to reach the World Cup finals.
2. There is every capacity/prospect of an economic recovery next year.
3. Taking regular exercises reduces the likelihood/ability of a heart attack.
4. These questions are too difficult. They're beyond the capacity/possibility of most the students in this
class.
5. We cannot exclude the ability/possibility that another person may have been involved.
6. The rain will make the capacity/probability of a postponement even greater.
7. There is every ______ that more jobs will be lost later this year.

A. likelihood B. capacity C. improbability D. ability

8. The system has the ______ to run more than one program at the same time.
A. probability B. likelihood C. ability D. possibility
9. Is there any ______ of the weather improving?
A. impossibility B. capacity C. ability D. prospect
10. It seems to be beyond his ______ to follow simple instructions.
A. likelihood B. capacity C. possibility D. prospect
11. It's not likely to happen but I wouldn't rule out the ______.
A. likelihood B. capacity C. possibility D. prospect
12. His ______ for learning languages astonished me.
A. capacity B. ability C. likelihood D. possibility
13. If she left early each morning and came home late at night, there was very little ______ of her
meeting Leo.
A. likelihood B. capacity C. impossibility D. ability
14. This is a one-year appointment, with the ______ of renewal for an additional year.
A. capacity B. ability C. possibility D. unlikelihood
15. Do you think it’s within his ______ to do the job without making a mess of it?
A. prospect B. possibility C. capacity D. likelihood
16. They must face the ______ that the newspaper might go bankrupt.
A. impossibility B. likelihood C. ability D. capacity
17. He suffered a stroke in 2008, which left him unable to speak, but his mental ______ wasn’t affected.
A. likelihood B. capacity C. prospect D. possibility
18. Major developments are in ______ for the company.
A. prospect B. ability C. impossibility D. capacity
19. I’m excited about the ______ of going to the Olympics.
A. impossibility B. capacity C. ability D. possibility
20. He has the ______ to bring out the best in others.
A. likelihood B. ability C. possibility D. prospect
96. KHÁC BIỆT
khác rõ hoặc thuộc về một loại - Baking cakes and learning English
khác (thường nói về 2 hoặc hơn 2 might be separate aims
nhóm người/vật/việc) with distinct requirements.
distinct - The learning needs of the two
/dɪ'stɪŋkt/ (adj) groups were quite distinct from each
other. One group wanted to improve
productive skills. The other wanted
to improve receptive skills.
có phẩm chất/đặc điểm khiến cho Mary let out her distinctive laugh.
distinctive
trở nên khác biệt/dễ nhận thấy so Her laugh was like glass bottles
/dɪ'stɪŋktɪv/
với những người khác hoặc thứ shattering. He could identify it with
(adj)
khác his eyes closed.
có thể được nhận ra một cách dễ The male bird is distinguishable
distinguishable
dàng bởi vì khác biệt so với người from the female.
/dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃəbl/ (adj)
khác/thứ khác
rất thành công và được người khác He quit his job at University of
distinguished
ngưỡng mộ Oxford, ending
/dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃt/ (adj)
a distinguished academic career.
1. The European Union is made up of 27 nations with distinct/distinguished cultural, linguistic, and
economic roots.

2. There was nothing distinctive/distinct about the envelope in which the letter came. It was just a normal
envelope.
3. She was a distinct/distinguished scholar who had graduated from Columbia, Oxford, and Cambridge.
4. The cheese is easily distinct/distinguishable by its colour.
5. The patterns of spoken language are ______ from those of writing.
A. distinctive B. recognizable C. distinct D. distinguished
6. Black widow spiders have a ______ red hourglass marking on their stomach, which makes them look
different from the other types.
A. definite B. distinctive C. distinguished D. distinct
7. Recommendations for exemptions are made only for experienced and ______ teachers of law who
have established links with the profession.
A. distinguished B. distinctive C. distinguishable D. distinct
8. They live in their own tribes and have their own ways of fighting which make them easily ______.
A. distinct B. distinguished C. distinguishable D. distinctive
9. The most ______ feature of the building is its enormous dome-shaped roof.
A. distinct B. distinctive C. distinguished D. delicate
10. There are three quite ______ types of lavender: Common Lavender, Fringed Lavender, and Spike
Lavender.
A. distinguishable B. distinguished C. distinctive D. distinct
11. Perez dedicated his professional life to journalism in a ______ career that took him from Newsday to
The Washington Post to CNN.
A. distinguished B. distinguishable C. distinct D. distinctive
12. There are different types of arthritis that occur in children that are ______ from adult types.
A. distinct B. distinguishable C. distinguished D. distinctive
13. Juniper berries give gin its ______ flavour.
A. distinctive B. distinguished C. distinguishable D. distinct
14. The phrase has three ______ meanings.
A. distinguishable B. distinctive C. distinct D. distinguished
97. KHÁCH
khách hàng, người mua hàng hóa, - Shops were lowering prices to attract
customer
dịch vụ, sản phẩm từ cửa hàng more customers.
/'kʌstəmər/
hoặc doanh nghiệp - The company rewards
(n)
loyal customers with discounts.
khách hàng, một người sử dụng - She's a well-known lawyer with many
client các dịch vụ hoặc lời khuyên, tư famous clients.
/'klaɪənt/ vấn đến từ một cá nhân (thường - We will advise the client on the best
(n) là luật sư) hoặc tổ chức chuyên way to solve the problem.
nghiệp
- khách hàng, người thuê khách - Guests should vacate their rooms by
sạn hoặc ở một nơi tạm thời 10.30 a.m.
guest /gest/ - khách mời đến nhà hay một sự - She had invited six guests to dinner.
(n) kiện mà bạn là người tổ chức, trả - Movie star Matt Damon is one of the
tiền, ngoài ra còn là khách mời ở special guests on tonight's show.
các sự kiện nghệ thuật
hành khách, một người đang di - airline/rail/train/car passengers
passenger
chuyển trên một phương tiện - The boat was carrying more than
/'pæsɪndʒə(r)/
nhưng không lái nó, hoặc làm 100 passengers.
(n)
việc trên đó

1. The defending lawyer asked that the charge against his customer/client be dismissed.
2. Supermarkets use a variety of tactics to attract and retain customers/clients.
3. The ceremony will take place before 10,000 invited VIP passengers/guests.
4. Two other passengers/guests in the car suffered serious injuries.
5. He’s a sports agent and has a lot of basketball players as clients/guests.
6. They only use the dining room when they have clients/guests.
7. There are a large number of potential customers/guests for the new product.
8. The shop is giving away a sample pack to every ______.
A. guest B. passenger C. customer D. client
9. Surgery opening will be extended to 8 pm for ______ by appointment.
A. clients B. customers C. passengers D. guests
10. We would like to remind all our ______ to leave their keys at reception before they depart.
A. customers B. guests C. clients D. passengers
11. All ______ for flight LH103 please proceed to gate 16.
A. clients B. guests C. customers D. passengers
12. Our special ______ on the program tonight is Robert de Niro.
A. customer B. guest C. passenger D. client
98. KHÍCH LỆ
encourage khuyến khích/cổ vũ/động viên/ủng The new measures are designed
/ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ/ (v) hộ/giúp đỡ ai đó to encourage more people to cycle.
khiến cho ai đó cảm thấy sự khao - As a teacher, she
inspire khát, sự tự tin hoặc sự nhiệt tình để has inspired generations of
/ɪn'spaɪə(r)/ làm điều gì đó: truyền cảm hứng; làm students.
(v) cho ai đó có một cảm giác hoặc cảm - She inspires great loyalty among
xúc nào đó đặc biệt mãnh liệt her followers.
motivate khiến ai đó muốn làm điều gì (đặc biệt Teaching is all
/'məʊtɪveɪt/ là điều khó khăn đòi hỏi sự nỗ lực about motivating people to learn.
(v) hoặc sự chăm chỉ): thúc đẩy
khiến ai đó quan tâm đến và hào hứng activities designed to stimulate the
stimulate với điều gì đó: khơi dậy sự quan tâm, children intellectually
/'stɪmjuleɪt/ sự hào hứng
(v) khuyến khích cái gì đó phát triển hoặc The government plans to cut taxes
trở nên thiết thực hoặc tích cực to stimulate the economy.
galvanize khiến cho ai đó hành động bằng cách The win galvanized the whole team.
/'gælvənaɪz/ gây sốc cho họ hoặc khiến họ trở nên
(v) hào hứng: kích động, khích động
1. The urgency of his voice galvanized/inspired them into action.
2. Her infectious enthusiasm and personal encouragement galvanized/stimulated many younger scientists
to work in the field.
3. When I actually visited the university, it galvanized/inspired me and made me want to go there to do
my master's degree.
4. I hesitated because I wasn't sure I’d be able to follow the steps, but Dad nodded
and encouraged/inspired me to try.
5. The prospect of his mother coming to stay encouraged/galvanized him into action and he started
cleaning the house.
6. The profit-sharing plan is designed to inspire/motivate the staff to work hard.
7. She is a young woman who inspires/galvanizes trust in everyone she meets.

truyền nhiễm, lây lan There are those who think eczema
catching
~ infectious (giống cả nghĩa đen và is catching.
/'ketʃɪŋ/
nghĩa bóng nhưng không đứng trước
(adj)
danh từ)
1. Infectious/Contagious diseases (such as the flu, colds, or strep throat) spread from person to person in
several ways.
2. These viruses affect children and are highly infectious/contagious.
3. If the disease is contagious/infectious, it could then begin spreading again among non-vaccinated
individuals.
4. Contagious/infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi,
or parasites.
5. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious/infectious disease caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
6. She has a warm personality combined with a loud catching/infectious laugh.
7. Try to be as enthusiastic as possible - enthusiasm is catching/contagious!
112. LỄ, NGHI LỄ
- một sự kiện xã hội đặc - The winners will be honoured at
biệt, chẳng hạn như một bữa a celebration in Boston next week.
celebration tiệc để ăn mừng, khi bạn tổ - wedding/victory/birthday celebrations
/,sel.ə'breɪ.ʃən/ chức, kỷ niệm một điều gì - in celebration of something
(n) đó
- hành động kỷ niệm, tổ
chức một cái gì đó
nghi thức, nghi lễ, một dịp - an awards/opening ceremony
ceremony trang trọng để ghi nhận một - a wedding/marriage/graduation ceremony
/'ser.ə.mə.ni/ sự kiện quan trọng nào đó - They were married in a simple ceremony.
(n) (thường mang tính truyền - She was last seen in public at the closing
thống và ổn định) ceremony of the Commonwealth Games
ngày kỉ niệm, lễ kỉ niệm - The company is celebrating its 100-year
(một ngày mà chúng ta nhớ anniversary this year.
anniversary hoặc kỷ niệm một điều gì đó - on the anniversary of his wife's death
/,æn.ə'vɜ:.sə.i/ (n) quan trọng đã xảy ra vào
ngày đó trong một năm
trước đó)
1. RMIT Vietnam holds annual graduation anniversaries/ceremonies in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi.
2. Let's buy some champagne in celebration/ceremony of her safe arrival.
3. We are planning a dinner to celebrate the 50th ceremony/anniversary of the founding of the company.
4. The ending of the war is not a cause for ceremony/celebration, but rather for regret that it ever
happened.
5. We have no details of who was invited to attend or who was present at the
opening ceremony/celebration.
6. Tomorrow's parade will mark the 50th ceremony/anniversary of the battle.
113. LÝ DO
[C] một nguyên nhân hoặc một lời giải The exact locations are being
reason
thích cho một điều gì đó đã xảy ra hoặc kept secret for reasons of
/'ri:zn/ (n)
điều ai đó đã làm: lý do security.
pretext một lý do không thành thật mà bạn đưa He called her on the pretext of

at the window.
lo lắng/lo âu và cảm thấy sự lo lắng/lo âu về điều Concerned parents
concerned gì/ai have complained about
/kən'sɜ:nd/ *concerned thường được dùng khi bạn đang nói đến the dangerous
(adj) một vấn đề ảnh hưởng đến người khác/xã hội/thế playground.
giới/....
[không đứng trước danh từ, thường được dùng trong - He’s
câu phủ định] nếu bạn đang bothered về một điều gì very bothered about
bothered thì có nghĩa là điều đó quan trọng đối với bạn và bạn what people
/'bɒðəd/ lo lắng về nó think of him.
(adj) - "Tea or coffee?"
- "Either - I’m
not bothered."
[không đứng trước danh từ] rất lo lắng, mệt mỏi, và The kids are sick, I just
stressed (out) không vui bởi vì có quá nhiều vấn đề/quá nhiều việc lost my babysitter, and
/strest (aʊt) / cần giải quyết nên không thể thư giãn hoặc tận our toilet doesn't work -
(adj) hưởng cuộc sống no wonder I
feel stressed- out!
1. Doctors are concerned/stressed out at the prospect of heart patients having to wait up to a year for
surgery.
2. I was bothered/nervous on my first day at college, but I was reassured to see some friendly faces.
3. As the date of his operation drew near, he became more and more anxious/stressed out.
4. Her friends were an hour late and she didn’t seem at all nervous/bothered.
5. Do you feel concerned/nervous during exams?
6. He was bothered/worried sick when he heard that there had been an accident.
7. I was very nervous/stressed out about driving again after the accident.
8. The school’s decision is being questioned by a group of concerned/stressed out parents.
9. By the time I got into the interview, I was a bothered/nervous wreck.
10. I've got too much to do, and I’m completely stressed out/concerned.
118. LOẠI BỎ
- [ngoại động từ] tháo, bỏ dọn, lấy - The men came to remove the
ra, loại bỏ rubbish from the backyard.
remove
- [ngoại động từ] xua đuổi sạch (sự - Hearing your opinion has removed my
/rɪ'mu:v/
sợ hãi, mối nghi ngờ...) last doubts/suspicions about her.
(v)
- [ngoại động từ] đuổi, cách chức - She has been removed from
her post/position as director.
loại bỏ ai, cái gì phiền toái, khó - Try and get rid of your visitors before I
get rid of
chịu, vứt bỏ những gì không mong get there.
(collocation)
muốn - We got rid of all the old furniture.
[ngoại động từ] trừ diệt, loại bỏ - We are determined to eradicate
eradicate
hoàn toàn cái gì đó xấu, tồi tệ racism from our sport.
/ɪ'ræd.ɪ.keɪt/
- The government claims to be doing all it
(v)
can to eradicate corruption.
- [ngoại động từ] loại ra, loại bỏ ai, - We eliminated the possibility that it
eliminate cái gì (vị họ/cái đó không có liên could have been an accident.
/i'lɪm.ə.neɪt/ quan đến, không có trách nhiệm - He was eliminated in the third round of
(v) đến hoặc không cần đến) the competition.
- [ngoại động từ] loại bỏ, đánh bại - A police officer was accused of helping

ai khỏi cuộc thi a drug gang eliminate rivals.

- [ngoại động từ] trừ khử, sát hại ai
đó
delete [ngoại động từ] gạch bỏ, xóa bỏ - I deleted the entire paragraph.
/dɪ'li:t/ (chữ đã viết, đã gõ, dữ liệu...,) - Your name has been deleted from the
(v) list.
- [ngoại động từ] gôm, tẩy, xóa - It's in pencil so you can just erase
erase (thường là vết bút chì) anything that's wrong.
/ɪ'reɪs/ - [ngoại động từ] xóa mờ đi cảm - He is determined to erase the
(v) xúc, kí ức, một khoảng thời gian memory of a disappointing debut two
(đã trôi qua) years ago.
1. We finally got rid of/removed my little sister by telling her scary stories.
2. The disease that once claimed millions of lives has now been eradicated/erased.
3. We've removed/eliminated the possibility that the fire was started deliberately.
4. She accidentally deleted/erased one of her computer files.
5. She eradicated/removed the dirty dishes from the table.
6. They are determined to get rid of/erase the bad memories of last year's defeats.
7. She hired an assassin to remove/eliminate her rival.
8. All the English teams were ______ in the early stages of the competition.
A. removed B. eliminated C. eradicated D. gotten rid of
9. I ______ your last email by mistake—could you send it again?
A. eradicated B. erased C. deleted D. eliminated
10. I used weedkiller to ______ the weeds in the garden.
A. eliminate B. remove C. delete D. get rid of
11. I kept changing my mind and ______ my answers on the test.
A. erasing B. eradicating C. removing D. eliminating
12. Officials who were involved in the scandal were ______ from office.
A. deleted B. eliminated C. removed D. gotten rid of
13. Effective action is needed to ______ terrorism, drug-trafficking, and corruption.
A. remove B. eradicate C. erase D. get rid of
14. The police have ______ two suspects from their investigation.
A. eliminated B. eradicated C. gotten rid of D. removed
119. LỖI
một hành động/một quan điểm/một - It would be a mistake to ignore his
quyết định không đúng hoặc gây ra kết opinion.
mistake quả mà bạn không mong muốn hoặc - This dress was an expensive mistake.
/mɪ'steɪk/ không như dự kiến: sai lầm
(n) một từ hoặc một con số bị nói hoặc viết - Her essay was full of spelling mistakes.
sai: lỗi - I’ve discovered a few mistakes in your
~ error calculations.
lỗi: một từ/con số/... bị viết hoặc nói sai, - I think you have made an error
đặc biệt là lỗi mà gây ra các vấn đề hoặc in calculating the total.
error ảnh hưởng lên kết quả của cái gì - a glaring error (= a mistake that is very
/'erə(r)/ *error là từ thay thế mang sắc thái trang obvious)
(n) [C, U] trọng cho từ mistake - Almost all accidents start with a
*error chủ yếu được dùng khi nói về simple error by the pilot.
máy tính hoặc trong một số cụm từ cố

định (human error, hard error, soft

error, margin of error, sampling error,
standard error). Trong ngôn ngữ hàng
ngày, mistake thường được dùng.
[U] nếu việc gì sai đã xảy ra hoặc được - It's nobody’s fault.
thực hiện mà là lỗi của bạn thì bạn phải - I think the owners are at fault (=
chịu trách nhiệm cho điều đó và bạn responsible) for not warning us.
đáng trách bởi vì bạn đã mắc sai - Many people live in poverty through
lầm/mắc lỗi/không làm được việc gì: lỗi no fault of their own.
fault
[C] thứ gì không đúng hoặc không hoàn - The engine has a serious fault.
/fɔ:lt/(n)
hảo; thứ gì của một cái máy/hệ thống bị - The system, for all its faults (= in spite
sai mà làm cho cái máy đó hoặc hệ of its faults), is the best available at the
thống đó không còn hoạt động chính moment.
xác nữa: lỗi
~ defect
Khuyết điểm, khiếm khuyết (một lỗi ở - a defect in the glass
trong cái gì đó hoặc ở cách mà nó được - a defect of her character
defect
tạo ra nên khiến nó không hoàn hảo) - The child had a mild heart defect
/'di:fekt/
- He had a speech defect (= an incorrect
(n)
way of saying certain sounds) which
made it quite difficult to understand him.
một lỗi trong thứ gì đó mà khiến nó It took me a long time to find the flaw in
không chính xác không hoạt động chính her logic.
xác
flaw ~ defect, fault
/flɔ:/ (n) flaw (in something) Unfortunately, this plate has a slight
một lỗi hoặc một vết vỡ nhỏ trong một flaw in it.
thứ gì đó mà làm cho nó kém hấp dẫn
hơn hoặc ít giá trị đi
một lỗi nhỏ, thường là do không cẩn - His team cannot afford any slips.
slip thận hoặc không chú ý (lỗi nhỏ nhưng - There were a few slips in the
/slip/ (n) có thể gây ngượng hoặc bối rối) translation.
- a slip of the tongue
1. The fire was caused by an electrical error/fault.
2. The report reveals fatal flaws/slips in security at the airport.
3. This product is no longer on sale because of a manufacturing defect/mistake.
4. I’ve made a mistake/defect - it should say £230, not £320.
5. NASA discovered a mathematical fault/error in its calculations.
6. Buying the farm was the biggest defect/mistake of his life.
7. The vase is in excellent condition except for a few small errors/flaws in its base.
8. It was his fault/flaw that we were late.
9. She’s made one or two slips/flaws in her essay - mainly spelling errors - but it’s basically well written.
10. There seemed to be some mistake/fault with the cooling system.
11. It’s his own stupid ______ his car was stolen - he should have kept it locked.
A. defect B. flaw C. fault D. error
12. If you draw or write in pencil, you can always rub out your ______ with an eraser.
A. mistakes B. faults C. defects D. flaws

13. All the cars are tested for ______ before they leave the factory.
A. mistakes B. defects C. errors D. slips
14. No payments were made last week because of a computer ______.
A. error B. flaw C. fault D. defect
15. I called her new boyfriend by her previous boyfriend’s name - it was just a(n) ______ of the tongue.
A. error B. fault C. defect D. slip
16. It was a ______ for us to come here tonight.
A. fault B. defect C. flaw D. mistake
17. Some engineers detected serious design ______ that would cause the engine to explode.
A. flaws B. slips C. mistakes D. errors
18. He had committed a grave ______ in letting them see the document.
A. defect B. error C. slip D. flaw
19. Molly knew she could not afford to make a single ______.
A. fault B. flaw C. defect D. slip
20. I have an apology to make to you - I’m afraid I opened your letter by ______
A. error B. mistake C. flaw D. defect
21. The ______ was with the organizers, who failed to make the necessary arrangements for dealing with
so many people.
A. fault B. error C. mistake D. flaw
22. Laura was born with a rare heart ______.
A. error B. defect C. slip D. mistake
23. For all the ______ in our education system, it is still better than that in many other countries.
A. errors B. mistakes C. faults D. slips
24. I sometimes use vintage fabrics, and these tend to have ______: small marks, fading, tiny pinholes are
all typical of vintage fabric.
A. flaws B. errors C. slips D. mistakes
120. LỪA GẠT
lừa ai (bằng cách dùng kỹ xảo hoặc - She tricked her way into their house
trick
mưu kế) để lấy được cái gì từ họ hoặc by pretending to be a police officer.
/trɪk/ (v)
khiến họ làm điều gì - He tricked me into lending him £100.
lừa một người mà họ tin tưởng bạn - That company deceived customers by
(bằng cách thay đổi/bóp méo sự thật selling old phones as new ones.
hoặc thực tế) - She deceived him into handing
deceive over all his savings.
/dɪ'si:v/ (v)
lừa dối chồng/vợ/bạn trai/bạn gái... Her husband has been deceiving her
~ cheat (on somebody) with at least two other women for years.
One of them became pregnant.
lừa ai để khiến họ tin vào điều gì đó He fooled her into thinking he’s going
bằng cách dùng mưu kế đơn giản to change.
fool nhưng thông minh
/fu:l/ (v) nói hoặc làm những điều ngu ngốc He's always getting into trouble
hoặc ngớ ngẩn (thường để khiến người for fooling around in class.
khác cười)
lừa ai bằng cách cung cấp cho họ The agents were accused of misleading
mislead
thông tin sai hoặc không đầy đủ untalented, gullible people into
/,mɪs'li:d/
thinking they can become successful
(v)
musicians.
lừa ai, thường là bằng cách khiến họ Many elderly people have been duped
dupe /dju:p/ (v)
tham gia hoặc làm những việc mà họ into buying worthless insurance.

không có ý định làm trước đó (động từ

này thường hay được dùng ở dạng bị
động)
lừa ai để họ không thể nhận/giữ những Illegal workers are often cheated by
thứ mà họ có quyền được nhận/giữ employers.
gian lận (hành động một cách không She cheated in the test by copying from
cheat trung thực đế thắng hoặc dành được the boy in front.
/t∫li:t/ (v) lợi thế trong một cuộc thi/kì thi/trận
đấu...)
lừa dối chồng/vợ/bạn trai/bạn gái... Jack is cheating on his wife.
~ deceive
1. Josh deceived/cheated on his grandparents into giving him cash for his phone bills.
2. Shoppers are being fooled around/duped into handing over thousands of pounds by a gang of street
vendors who claim to be collecting money for children's wheelchairs.
3. I’m wondering though, what made you cheat/trick if you love him so much? Is he not good enough for
you?
4. Claire tricked/cheated on a man into inviting her to a party where the CEO was present.
5. Public education and the media mislead/cheat us into thinking America is a just and fair country.
6. She had been cheating/fooling herself into thinking she can remain indifferent.
Choose the option A, B, c, or D that best fits the sentence.
7. The athlete ______ and through his dishonesty he won a gold medal and earned a considerable amount
of money.
A. cheated B. deceived C. duped D. mislead
8. All through the winter in Spain, Mary ______ her husband while she was seeing another man.
A. misled B. cheated C. deceived D. duped
9. He used his charm to _____ the old lady out of everything he could get from her.
A. fool B. cheat C. dupe D. deceive
10. The electricity is out. Some idiot has been ______ around with the electricity supply.
A. cheating B. deceiving C. fooling D. misleading
11. He managed to ______ his way past the security guards.
A. mislead B. trick C. fool D. deceive
121. LUẬT SƯ, CỐ VẤN

luật sư chuyên tư vấn luật cho khách You should lodge a copy of the letter
solicitor hàng và chuẩn bị tài liệu và hồ sơ with your solicitor.
/sə'lɪsɪtər/ pháp lý (ví dụ như đối với việc bán
(n) hoặc mua đất, nhà), thường ít xuất
hiện ở tòa án
(được sử dụng ở nước Anh) người She's hired a lawyer who specializes in
lawyer
được đào tạo bài bản về luật để tư vấn divorce cases.
/'lɑ:jə/
cũng như đại diện cho thân chủ của
(n)
họ trước tòa án
(được sử dụng ở nước Mỹ) là từ trang They paid a high-powered attorney to
attorney trọng hơn để dùng cho "lawyer” và để plead their case.
/ə'tɜ:.ni/ sử dụng đặc biệt khi nói về chức danh
(n) công việc (chức danh là thuật ngữ
được miêu tả ngắn gọn trong 2 - 3 từ

về vị trí công việc của một nhân viên

trong thông tin tuyển dụng.)
counsellor cố vấn, một người được đào tạo để The college now has a counsellor to
/'kaʊn.səl.ə/ lắng nghe mọi người và cho họ lời help students with both personal and
(n) khuyên về các vấn đề của họ work problems.
advisor người khuyên bảo, người chỉ bảo, với She is the party's main
/əd'vaɪ.zə/ công việc là đưa ra lời khuyên về một economic advisor.
(n) lĩnh vực cụ thể nào đó
1. Following his arrest, he demanded to see his solicitor/lawyer before making any statement.
2. He talked to a(n) counsellor/advisor about his marriage difficulties.
3. I waited so long for my turn to see the careers lawyer/advisor that I missed my train.
4. The documents were all in the safekeeping of the family attorney/solicitor, and would remain so until
her death.
5. Under state law, a request for a special prosecutor can come only from a district attorney/counsellor.
6. He served as international economic ______ in the White House.
A. lawyer B. solicitor C. advisor D. counsellor
7. My ______ is drawing up a building contract.
A. solicitor B. advisor C. attorney D. lawyer
8. The family hired a prominent defence ______.
A. advisor B. lawyer C. counsellor D. solicitor
9. She was asked to take the witness stand and was then cross-examined by the state ______.
A. counsellor B. advisor C. solicitor D. attorney
10. The doctor suggested that I might like to see a(n) ______ to help me deal with stress better.
A. attorney B. solicitor C. counsellor D. adviser
122. LUẬT, QUY TẮC
[C] (về một hoạt động/trò chơi) luật According to the rules of the
lệ hoặc nguyên tắc để hướng dẫn những game, you have to miss a turn.
rule
điều được làm/không được làm trong một
/ru:l/ (n)
tình huống cụ thể hoặc khi chơi một trò
chơi
law luật/hệ thống luật được đề ra để vận hành There are laws against drinking in
/lɔ:/ (n) một xã hội/đất nước the street.
những tiêu chuẩn/quy phạm về hành vi She considers people to be
norm mang tính đặc trưng hoặc được chấp nhận products of the values
/nɔ:m/ (n) trong một nhóm hoặc một xã hội cụ thể and norms of the society they live
in.
[C, thường ở dạng số nhiều] một quy The government is under pressure
regulation
định/điều lệ/quy tắc được đưa ra bởi chính to relax censorship regulations.
/,regju'leɪʃn/
phủ hoặc một một cơ quan chức năng nào
(n)
đó
[U] những nguyên tắc về những hành vi - legal etiquette
etiquette đúng đắn hoặc lịch sự giữa các thành viên - How good is your
/'etɪkət/, /'etɪket/ của một ngành nghề cụ thể hoặc một khía email etiquette?
(n) cạnh của một hành vi: phép xã giao, quy
ước, nghi lễ, nghi thức
principle nguyên tắc đạo đức/phép tắc/phương châm I refuse to lie about it; it’s against
/'prɪnsəpl/ xử thế/niềm tin chi phổi các hành động của my principles.

(n) một ai đó
1. It is important to understand the particular group norms/laws that emerge to govern individual
behaviour.
2. Social etiquette/law dictates that men cannot sit while women are standing.
3. The company’s actions violated the rule/law on equal employment.
4. The sport has strict rules/principles for player safety.
5. He doesn't invest in the arms industry on rule/principle.
6. There will be stricter norms/regulations dictating which foods are allowed in schools.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence,
7. She considers it poor ______ to invite people over and then cancel just the day before.
A. law B. rule C. etiquette D. principle
8. Doing what’s right appears to be more of a concern for him than for the average person; his platform is
strongly governed by his personal ______.
A. rules B. principles C. norms D. laws
9. In such matters, social and cultural ______ can dictate people’s behaviour.
A. norms B. laws C. bonds D. rules
10. The government has introduced some tough new ______ on food hygiene.
A. norms B. principles C. etiquette D. laws
11. Tackling a player without the ball is against the ______.
A. rules B. norms C. principles D. laws
12. He didn’t cover up for his former friend because it was against his ______.
A. etiquette B. laws C. norms D. principles
13. To comply with government hygiene ______, there must be a separate sink for handwashing.
A. principles B. etiquette C. regulations D. norms
123. LƯƠNG, THU NHẬP
[C, U] số tiền mà một người/một Tourism is a major source of income for
vùng/một quốc gia/... kiếm được the area.
income
hằng tuần/hằng tháng/hằng năm từ
/'ɪnkʌm/ or
việc làm (salary/wage), từ việc đầu
/'ɪnkəm/ (n)
tư tiền, từ việc kinh doanh,...: thu
nhập
[C] số tiền cố định (thường được trả She’s on an annual salary of £35.000.
hằng tháng) mà một người nhận
được để làm một công việc (đặc biệt
salary
dành cho những người làm việc ở
/'sæləri/
văn phòng hoặc những người làm
(n)
những công việc cần được đào tạo
như giảng viên, quản lý hay bác
sĩ): tiền lương
[C] số tiền mà ai đó được trả hằng Workers in these stores earn a
ngày/hằng tuần/hằng tháng để làm good wage.
wage một công việc nào đó hoặc một dịch
/weɪdʒ/ (n) vụ nào đó (đặc biệt dùng cho ai đó
làm một công việc yêu cầu về thể
lực): tiền lương/tiền công
[U] số tiền mà ai đó nhận được để Her job is hard work, but the pay is
pay
làm một công việc nào đó thường good.
/peɪ/ (n)
xuyên: tiền lương * pay mang nghĩa

chung chung nhất trong số ba từ pay,

wage, và salary.
pension [C] một số tiền được trả thường He is now retired and on a pension.
/'penʃn/ xuyên bởi chính phủ/công ty/... cho
(n) một người đã nghỉ hưu: lương hưu
tiền được trả bởi chính phủ cho Sophia was on the dole (= without a
dole
những người thất nghiệp: trợ cấp job) for eight months before she got a
/dəʊl/ (n)
thất nghiệp job.
[C] một số tiền được trả thường Your monthly stipend is calculated to
stipend
xuyên cho ai đó như là tiền lương cover your basic expenses only, such as
/'staɪpend/
(đặc biệt dùng cho linh mục) hoặc accommodation, meals, and phone bill.
(n)
tiền để sinh sổng
1. His parents have a combined annual income/dole of more than £350.000. Both are successful lawyers.
2. The scholarship program provides monthly stipend/income for chosen postgraduate students to study
in the UK which covers basic living expenses.
3. Her monthly take-home dole/pay after taxes is £2.600.
4. For many teachers at state schools, monthly salaries/pensions do not cover their daily needs.
5. At the time, Josh was earning about nine times more than the average American industrial
worker's wages/dole.
6. Jane had worked for Peter’s family as a housekeeper for many years. After she left the family, he
provided her with an annual salary/pension for the rest of her life.
7. The factory closure will mean another few hundred people having to live on the dole/pay.
8. After the factory was closed, my uncle spent the next ten years on the ______. He got just £10 a week.
A. income B. dole C. salary D. pay
9. The report highlights the fact that many people are relying on the state ______ for their retirement
income.
A. pension B. income C. stipend D. wage
10. The $6,000 fellowship ______ that she had received for being in Dallas was three times that required
to live like a well-off American student.
A. pay B. income C. pension D. stipend
11. Banks now extend credit to low- ______ families, so that owning a home or driving a new car is no
longer evidence that someone is middle class.
A. income B. pension C. stipend D. salary
12. The workers agreed to a five-year contract, during which they were to be paid a daily ______ and
were given promise of a return passage back to India.
A. income B. pension C. wage D. dole
13. This company has a(n) ______ of around £10 million a year.
A. salary B. income C. dole D. wage
14. Unemployed and facing the ______ queue, this enterprising young man decided to set up his own
business.
A. dole B. pension C. salary D. income
15. After years of loyal service, his boss fired him just before he would have qualified for a(n) ______.
A. salary B. dole C. income D. pension
16. There are severe penalties for failing to declare all your ______ to the tax authorities.
A. income B. pension C. dole D. wage
17. She was offered a ______ of £500,000 a year to work for BBC.
A. pension B. dole C. salary D. stipend
124. MỆT

128. MỤC TIÊU

một mục tiêu nào đó bạn hi vọng đạt - He continued to pursue
được, thường là mục tiêu thường dài his goal of becoming an actor.
goal
hạn, liên quan đến cuộc sống và kế - My job is to help
/gəul/
hoạch nghề nghiệp của mọi người businesses achieve their goals.
(n)
hoặc kế hoạch dài hạn của một công
ty hoặc tổ chức
mục tiêu, kết quả mà kế hoạch, hành - My main aim in life is to be a
aim động của bạn dự định đạt được good husband and father.
/eɪm/ - Our aim in protesting is to raise
(n) awareness of the unfairness of the
system.
mục đích, lý do để làm gì hoặc điều - I have included this data for the
purpose gì đó xảy ra purpose of comparison.
/'pɜ:pəs/ - For budgeting purposes, you
(n) really have to start estimating
costs now.
(khá trang trọng) một điều gì đó mà - The main objective of this
objective bạn đang cố gắng đạt được, mọi meeting is to give more
/əb'ʤektɪv/ người đặt ra mục tiêu cho mình, information on our plans.
(n) thường nằm trong dự án hoặc đưa ra - One of my objectives for this
trong một cuộc phát biểu year is to increase sales
mục tiêu, thường được ghi nhận - The government's target of 3.5
target chính thức, ví dụ như người sử dụng percent annual growth seems
/'tɑ:gɪt/ lao động hoặc bởi ủy ban chính phủ. easily attainable.
(n) Nó thường cụ thể và ở dạng số liệu, - Oil production was 15 per cent
chẳng hạn như doanh thu, kết quả..., below target.
1. Our goal/purpose is for the country to be fully independent within two years.
2. The leaflet has been produced with the goal/aim of increasing public awareness of the disease.
3. The purpose/goal of the occasion was to raise money for medical supplies.
4. Government objectives/targets for waiting lists are beginning to be met.
5. The university will reach its goal/target of 5 000 students next September.
6. He gave her a sum of money which she used to good aim/purpose.
7. The project's objectives/purposes were adumbrated in the report.
129. NGHI NGỜ, ĐÁNG NGỜ
ngờ vực, hồ nghi, không chắc chắn - Rose was doubtful about the whole
doubtful về điều gì sẽ xảy ra hay đúng idea.
/'daʊtfl/ (adj) (someone), không có khả năng xảy - With her injuries it's doubtful that
ra, không thế (something) she'll ever walk again.
nghi ngờ rằng ai đó làm điều gì sai - They became suspicious of his
suspicious trái, phạm pháp, không trung thực behavior and contacted the police.
/sə'spʧ.əs/ (adj) (someone), đáng nghi (something, - She died in suspicious circumstances.
thường là hành vi)
hoài nghi về một lời phát biểu, tuyên - Many experts
sceptical bổ có đúng hoặc xảy hay không, nghi remain sceptical about/of his claims.
/'skeptɪkl/ (adj) ngờ về sự hữu dụng của một điều gì - Dan thinks it will all work out but I
(someone) emain sceptical.
dubious không chắc chắn về điều gì đó và - We were dubious about signing the

rất ngạc nhiên hoặc sửng sốt đến She was too stunned to speak.
stunned
mức không biết phải làm gì hoặc nói
/stʌnd/ (adj)
gì
taken aback rất ngạc nhiên bởi một điều ai đó nói I think he was a little taken aback by
/teɪkən ə'bæk/ hoặc làm nên không biết phải phản my response.
(phrasal verb - ứng ra sao
passive)
1. We were amazed/shocked to see John looking so well, so soon after his operation. We all felt relieved.
2. The rabbits were so taken aback/startled that they ran off in all directions.
3. Noal was really shocked/amazed by his girlfriend’s sudden death.
4. There was to be no stunned/taken aback silence, so aghast staring and, it seemed, no dramatic
response from Lucas.
5. I was always startled/taken aback by the lack of knowledge of local people about what was going on.
6. I was taken aback/astounded that there was a kitchen on the plane, serving up warm food.
7. When Lucas heard he was being handed a family fortune, he was very surprised/taken aback.
8. Josh was astonished/startled by his own stupidity.
9. She was taken aback/shocked at such an improper suggestion.
10. In ______ silence, her eyes huge, disbelieving, she wordlessly stared at him.
A. amazed B. surprised C. stunned D. taken aback
11. Many people were ______ by the real sex scenes in the movie. Those scenes were disgusting!
A. startled B. stunned C. amazed D. shocked
12. One investigator was examining the crime scene. He was ______ to see a woman’s face peering back
at him through the window.
A. surprised B. startled C. astonished D. astounded
13. Dumbfounded, panting, ______ by his own stupidity and rage, and spitting blood, Robert just sat
there for a while.
A. astonished B. startled C. stunned D. demonstrated
131. NGĂN CẢN, CẢN TRỞ
prevent ngăn không cho ai đó làm điều gì; ngăn You can’t stop/prevent people from
/prɪ'vent/ chặn điều gì đó để nó không thể xảy ra saying what they think.
(v) = stop /stɒp/ (v)
khiến ai đó quyết định không làm điều gì The company's financial difficulties
hoặc tiếp tục làm điều gì, đặc biệt là have deterred potential investors.
deter
bằng cách khiến họ hiểu về những khó
/dɪ'tɜ:(r)/
khăn và những kết quả không mong
(v)
muốn của những hành vi/hành động của
họ
hinder khiến cho việc thực hiện điều gì đó hoặc a political situation
/'hɪndə(r)/ điều gì đó xảy ra trở nên khó khăn that hinders economic growth
(v) = impede /ɪm'pi:d/ (v)
bar cấm hoặc ngăn không cho ai đó làm điều They seized James's passport
/bɑ:(r)/ gì and barred him from leaving the
(v) country.
ngăn cho thứ gì đó di chuyển hoặc chảy He found that the pipe was
block qua một đường ống/con đường/hành partially blocked with leaves.
/blɒk/ (v) lang/lối đi/... bằng cách đặt một thứ gì
bên trong hoặc cắt ngang

ngăn không cho ai đó đi đâu hoặc nhìn She had her back to the
thứ gì bằng cách đứng trước mặt họ hoặc door, blocking his exit.
chặn đường họ
ngăn không cho điều gì xảy ra, phát Firewalls can block unauthorized
triển, tiến triển hoặc thành công access to a computer.
[thường ở dạng bị động] ngăn không Our holiday plans were thwarted by
thwart
cho ai đó làm điều gì mà họ muốn hoặc the airline pilots’ strike.
/θwɔ:t/ (v)
đang cố gắng thực hiện
1. Fat that is poured down the sink will thwart/block the drain.
2. She was thwarted/prevented in her attempt to take control of the party.
3. An ugly new building blocked/prevented the view from the window.
4. The new law blocks/bars smoking in all public places.
5. Some teachers felt hindered/prevented by a lack of resources when teaching online.
6. The high price of the service could deter/block people from seeking advice.
7. She was very talented, and I felt her parents were deterring/blocking her progress.
8. A good sunscreen will help thwart/prevent sunburn.
9. After today's heavy snow, many roads are still ______.
A. hindered B. blocked C. prevented D. barred
10. High winds have ______ firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze.
A. deterred B. prevented C. hindered D. blocked
11. The troubled accounting firm deliberately destroyed documents to ______ government investigators.
A. thwart B. encourage C. foster D. deter
12. Will this harsher punishment effectively ______ criminals?
A. hinder B. deter C. impede D. block
13. The drug inhibits the replication of cancer cells, thereby ______ their spread.
A. deterring B. barring C. thwarting D. preventing
14. Visitors were ______ from taking bags into the building, metal detectors were installed and police
carrying machine guns patrolled the foyer.
A. hindered B. blocked C. deterred D. barred
15. Government officials, who knew that the findings would likely be negative and fearful that they
would leak, ______ the effort.
A. deterred B. blocked C. barred D. hindered
16. One of the guards moved to ______ her path.
A. block B. deter C. bar D. hinder
17. These laws will ______ our economy rather than help progress.
A. deter B. hinder C. thwart D. bar
18. The internet has ______ young people from talking to each other.
A. hindered B. deterred C. stopped D. thwarted
132. NGHE
[nội động từ] + [ngoại động - Suddenly I heard a noise.
từ] nghe, chỉ một quá trình tự nhiên - Did you hear the thunder last night?
hear
của mỗi người, đón nhận những âm
/hɪr/
thanh nhờ thính giác một cách thụ
(v)
động, không biết trước, không mong
đợi hay không chú ý
listen [nội động từ] nghe một cách thể hiện - I listened very carefully to what she
/'lɪsn/ tính chủ động, nghĩa là bạn muốn said and wrote it all down.

A. troopers B. fighters C. soldiers D. warriors

9. A Viking ______ would be buried with his weapons: usually with his sword, spear, shield, and battle-
axe.
A. trooper B. civilian C. warrior D. combatant
10. There will be months of physiotherapy, but medical staff say Jane’s a real ______
A. fighter B. trooper C. combatant D. soldier
11. In the long Russo-Swedish conflict, both ______ endured terrible sacrifices.
A. troopers B. soldiers C. fighters D. combatants
12. Last month, a New Jersey gym owner and former mixed martial arts ______ was sentenced to three
years and five months in prison.
A. fighter B. combatant C. warrior D. soldier
13. After an Indian ______ was killed during the protests and street fighting, security forces opened fire
on crowds, resulting in the killing of five more people on Saturday night.
A. combatant B. warrior C. soldier D. combat
134. NGƯỜI QUẢN LÝ, GIÁM SÁT
- người chỉ đạo, điều khiển điều gì - He is the new program controller for
đó, đặc biệt là một tổ chức lớn BBC2.
hoặc một bộ phận nào đó trong tổ - He was the controller of finances.
chức, kiểm soát viên
controller - người kiểm soát, phụ trách các tài
/kən'troʊ.lə/ khoản tài chính của một công ty
(n) kinh doanh, chính phủ
- người quản lý, có trách nhiệm - a bank/hotel manager

điều hành một doanh nghiệp, một - the sales/marketing/human resources
cửa hàng, hoặc một bộ bận trong manager
đó - I'm a senior manager in a
manager - quản lý (một người giải quyết các multinational company.
/'mæn.ə.ʤə/ công việc cho một diễn viên, một
(n) nhạc sĩ, v.v.)
- người quản lý (đội bóng)
- người giám sát một hoạt động, All work is done under the guidance of
một nơi, hoặc một nhóm người a supervisor.
(học sinh, công nhân...,) để đảm
supervisor bảo đúng việc, đúng nội quy
/'su:.pə.vaɪ.zə/ - giáo viên (ở trường đại học) có
(n) trách nhiệm giám sát một học sinh
nào đó

cơ quan quản lý (một người hoặc - the gas/water/telecommunications

tổ chức được chính phủ chỉ định regulator
để điều chỉnh một lĩnh vực hoạt - Cost savings are essential if we have
regulator
động như ngân hàng hoặc công to live with the 15- 20% price cut
/'reg.jə.leɪ.tə/
nghiệp...,) proposed by the industry regulator.
(n)

1. Obviously as sales manager/supervisor he'll be very involved in the promotion and marketing of the
product.
2. She became the corporate controller/regulator after working for years in the accountancy department
3. On these occasions, at least two extra controllers/supervisors assisted the instructor with the testing
procedure.
4. In pursuing social policy objectives, managers/regulators also often impose investment restrictions or
minimum return guarantees.
5. The comedian is unavailable for comment, according to her manager/supervisor.
6. She likes aviation but didn't want to fly, so she became an air traffic ______.
A. controller B. manager C. supervisor D. regulator
7. A significant proportion of workers felt they had been bullied by their immediate ______.
A. manager B. regulator C. supervisor D. controller
8. He has worked as a human resource ______ in business firms and non-profit organizations for more
than twenty years.
A. regulator B. manager C. controller D. supervisor
9. Congress is investigating why it took so long for government ______ to shut the plant down.
A. managers B. controllers C. regulators D. supervisors
10. Each student has a ______ to advise on the writing of the dissertation.
A. controller B. regulator C. manager D. supervisor
135. NGƯỜI XEM
người xem, khán giả, xem một hoạt - They won 4-0 in front of over 40,000
spectator động, đặc biệt là một sự kiện thể thao cheering spectators.
/'spekteɪtər/ (trực tiếp), mà không tham gia vào - This year's festival attracted 87
(n) 000 spectators.
khán giả, nhóm người cùng nhau ở - She lectures to audiences all over the
audience một nơi để xem hoặc nghe một vở world.
/'ɑ:.di.əns/ kịch, bộ phim, ai đó đang nói, biểu - The secret to public speaking is to get
(n) diễn v.v. the audience on your side.
người xem cái gì đó, đặc biệt dùng - British television viewers saw him this
cho người xem truyền hình (tivi), week in a BBC documentary.
viewer hoặc video trên mạng - Millions of viewers will be glued to
/'vju:.ə/ their sets for this match.
(n)

người xem, nhân chứng, một người - A crowd of onlookers gathered at the
xem điều gì đó đang xảy ra nhưng scene of the crash.
onlooker không tham gia, liên quan vào nó - By the time the ambulance arrived, a
/'a:nlʊkər/ crowd of onlooker had gathered.
(n)

1. The magic show had a lot of audience/spectator participation, with people shouting things to the
performers and going up on stage.
2. The new football stadium will hold 75 000 audiences/spectators.
3. It is estimated that four million viewers/onlookers watched the program.
4. A crowd of curious viewers/onlookers soon gathered to see what was happening.
5. Marshals struggled in vain to prevent onlookers/spectators from rushing onto the racetrack.
6. Cinema audiences/viewers would be more accepting of this sort of advertising.
7. The racing car left the track at 120 mph and scythed through the crowd of ______, killing ten.
A. viewers B. audiences C. onlookers D. spectators
8. Most cable ______ have a few channels that they watch regularly.
A. audiences B. viewers C. spectators D. onlookers
9. The final game attracted a crowd of over 50,000 ______.
A. onlookers B. audiences C. spectators D. viewers
10. He was soon encouraging ______ participation and several women came up on stage.
A. audience B. viewer C. onlooker D. spectator
11. The building was demolished before a crowd of nearly 200 ______.
A. viewers B. audiences C. spectators D. onlookers
136. NHÀ Ở, CHỖ Ở
[C, U] ngôi nhà/căn hộ/con tàu/... While travelling she missed the
mà bạn sống ở đó, đặc biệt là cùng comforts of home.
với gia đình bạn
*home mang nghĩa cá nhân và cảm
xúc (tổ ấm, mái ấm)
home
/həʊm/ (n)
[C] một nơi dành cho những người They run a retirement home for the
không thể tự chăm sóc bản thân elderly.
sống và họ được chăm sóc bởi
người khác ở đó
[C] ám chỉ đến vật chất, hình hài We live in a four-bedroom house.
house cụ thể của một công trình
/haʊs/(n)
[U] một nơi để sống hoặc ở (được Human beings need food, clothing,
shelter coi là một nhu cầu cơ bản của con and shelter.
/'ʃeltə(r)/ (n) người)

[C] một tòa nhà (thường được sở a night shelter for the homeless
hữu bởi một tổ chức từ thiện) cung
cấp một nơi để ở cho những người
vô gia cư hoặc sự bảo vệ cho
những người/động vật bị ngược đãi
[U] một nơi để sống/làm việc/ở/... - There's a shortage of

cheap accommodation (places to
accommodation live).
/ə,kɒmə'deɪʃn/ - We have first- and second-
(n) class accommodation (= seats) on
this flight.
[C, usually plural] một He stays in cheap lodgings near the

lodging phòng/những phòng trong nhà của university.
/'lɒdʒɪŋ/(n) một người khác mà bạn thuê để
sống ở đó
1. In developing countries, more than 640 million are without lodging/shelter.
2. She left house/home and began an independent life at sixteen.
3. You should book your travel accommodations/houses and flights quickly.
4. They opened a(n) shelter/accommodation to provide temporary housing for the city’s homeless.
5. Eventually she had to give up her house and go into a nursing home/house.
6. It costs a lot to buy a lodging/house in this part of London.
7. It was cheaper to live in households/lodgings than in a hotel.
8. It's unusual for young people over 25 to still live in the family ______.
A. home B. lodging C. accommodation D. shelter
9. They were anxious to find ______ for the night.
A. lodging B. shelter C. house D. home
10. ______ prices have tripled over the last ten years.
A. Home B. Household C. House D. Homework
11. He was living on the streets for three months, and his ______ was a carboard box.
A. house B. home C. lodging D. household
12. The organization provides food and ______ for homeless people.
A. shelter B. lodging C. housing D. roof
13. Nora's parents lost custody, and she was placed in a children's ______.
A. lodging B. accommodation C. home D. house
14. During the construction work, nursery school children and staff will be housed in temporary ______
opposite the existing building.
A. home B. house C. accommodation D. shelter
15. He was an abused dog that Sophia rescued from an animal ______.
A. house B. home C. accommodation D. shelter
16. I'm worried about leaving him alone in the ______ all day.
A. home B. house C. household D. housework
17. You won’t find any luxurious ______, but there are adequate hotels and guest houses.

A. households B. accommodations C. shelters D. homes

137. NHẬN RA, CÔNG NHẬN
nhận ra ai, cái gì bởi vì bạn đã từng - I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but
nhìn thấy hoặc nghe thấy người đó I recognized her immediately.
recognize hoặc đã trải nghiệm điều đó trước - Doctors are trained to recognize the
/'rek.əg.naɪz/ đây symptoms of different diseases.
(v)
nhận thức được, hiểu được một - They didn't realize the danger they
realize thực tế, tình huống cụ thể nào đó, were in.
/'ri:.ə.laɪz/ nhận ra tầm quan trọng điều gì, đôi - The moment I saw her,
(v) khi là đột ngột nhận ra I realized something was wrong.
nhận diện được ai, cái gì đó và có - Even the smallest baby can identify its
identify thể nói hoặc chứng minh được họ mother by her voice.
/aɪ'den.tə.faɪ/ là ai, đó là cái gì - She was able to identify her attacker.
(v)
công nhận, chấp nhận sự thật hoặc - Mental illness can exist for years
acknowledge công nhận sự tồn tại của một cái gì before families are forced
/ək'nɑ:.lɪdʒ/ đó, công nhận điều gì đó là đúng to acknowledge the truth.
(v) - Most people acknowledge
the existence of evil.
chính thức công nhận, chấp nhận The agency was not accredited by the
hoặc chấp thuận một ai đó hoặc Philippine Consulate to offer contracts
accredit một cái gì đó, tuyên bố chính thức to Filipinos abroad.
/ə'kred.ɪt/ rằng một cá nhân hoặc tổ chức đủ
(v) tốt để cung cấp một loại dịch vụ cụ
thể

1. I recognized/realized that it was too late to stop them from finding out.
2. He'd completely changed - I didn't recognize/realize him.
3. Two of the suspects have been recognized/identified by witnesses.
4. You must accredit/acknowledge the truth of her argument.
5. Institutions that do not meet the standards will not be accredited/acknowledge for teacher training.
6. You don't seem to realize /identify the seriousness of the situation.
7. I have to identify/acknowledge the fact that I am partly responsible.
8. Passengers were asked to ______ their own suitcases before they were put on the plane.
A. realize B. acknowledge C. recognize D. identify
9. Many families fail to ______ the importance of a well-balanced diet.
A. accredit B. realize C. identify D. acknowledge
10. The president ______ his mistake in not vetoing the tax bill.
A. accredited B. recognized C. identified D. acknowledged
11. As we drew alongside the black car, I suddenly ______ my ex-boyfriend at the wheel.
A. realized B. acknowledged C. recognized D. accredited
12. This degree programme is fully ______ by the Institution of Electrical Engineers.

13. As a keen writer and ______ newspaper reader, Jenny has always wanted to be a journalist.
A. avid B. indifferent C. greedy D. grabby
14. He took a keen interest in football and was a(n) ______ supporter of Christian Ronaldo.
A. greedy B. grabby C. intense D. ardent
15. At first the kiss was simple and slow, but soon it became more ______, full of love and promise.
A. keen B. avid C. passionate D. ardent
142. NÓI
thường được dùng trong bối cảnh trang - I've spoken to Ed about it and he's
trọng và lịch sự (ví dụ trong công việc, promised not to let it happen again.
bài giảng, thuyết trình), dùng khi nói - Dr Graham Foster will speak about
chuyện với người bạn không biết rõ về the history of the region.
speak họ, thường là nói vì một mục đích nào
/spi:k/ đó hoặc nói họ làm gì (tập trung vào
(v) người nói). Ngoài ra khi nhắc về khả
năng nói được ngôn ngữ nào đó
được dùng trong tình huống không trang - Have you talked to your parents about
trọng/ thân mật, thường là bạn bè, cha the problems you're having?
mẹ để thể hiện sự thân thiện hoặc xin lời - I was talking to Richard Moss the
talk
khuyên, trao đổi thông tin, cảm xúc..., other day about the golf club.
/tɔ:k/
(tập trung vào người nói và có ít nhất
(v)
một người nghe)
không bao giờ đứng trước tân ngữ chỉ -Anne said, ‘I’m tired.'
người, hay dùng để tường thuật lại lời - They asked if I was looking for work
say nói của ai đó, tập trung vào từ ngữ cụ and I said yes.
/seɪ/ thể người nói hơn
thường có tân ngữ là người đi sau, tập - Have you told him the news yet?
trung vào nội dung và thông điệp người - You should never tell a lie.
nói muốn truyền tải hơn là tập trung vào - They told her to wait till the doctor
cụ thể từng từ như "say". Ngoài ra còn arrived.
dùng với nghĩa kể (câu chuyện, sự thật,
tell lời nói dối, nói đùa) với tân ngữ là cái gì
/tel/ đó đi sau, và đặc biệt còn dùng để thuật
lại lời chỉ dẫn, mệnh lệnh từ ai đó

1. Our boss needs to speak/talk to us about this conference next week.
2. When they get together, all they speak/talk about is football.
3. He said/told, ‘I'm not paying £50 for that.'
4. David said/told me how he had got the job by lying about his age.

5. I can talk/speak German and Spanish really well.

6. ‘There's nothing wrong with him,’ she said/told airily.
7. I had the opportunity to speak/say with the president alone.
8. Grandpa often ______ wonderful stories about the old days.
A. speaks B. says C. talks D. tells
9. He always looks down when he is ______.
A. telling B. speaking C. talking D. saying
10. I was ______ to Richard Moss the other day about the golf club.
A. speaking B. saying C. talking D. telling
11. The committee ______ yes, so we can go ahead.
A. said B. told C. spoke D. talked
12. They ______ us to come back the next day.
A. spoke B. said C. talked D. told
13. I phoned your office and ______ to your assistant.
A. told B. spoke C. said D. talked
14. She started ______ loudly to her friends about the film they'd just seen.
A. telling B. saying C. talking D. telling
15. A legendary football coach once ______, ‘Winning is everything.’
A. told B. spoke C. told D. said
143. NGUY HIỂM, MẠO HIỂM
nguy hiểm, đặc biệt là cho sức khỏe environmentally
hazardous hoặc sự an toàn của con người hazardous substances
/'hæzədəs/ ~ perilous /'perələs/ (adj)
(adj)
có thể sẽ làm bị thương hoặc gây hại potentially dangerous levels of

cho ai, hoặc làm hư hại hoặc phá huỷ pesticides
dangerous cái gì
/'demdʒərəs/
có thể sẽ gây ra vấn đề hoặc kết quả Raising income tax is considered
(adj)
xấu politically dangerous.
~ risky /'rɪski/ (adj)
có thể sẽ giết chết ai đó His heart condition is not life-
life- threatening threatening.
/'laɪf θretnɪŋ/
(adj)
[thường đứng trước danh từ] bao gồm high-risk patients = who are very
high-risk rất nhiều sự nguy hiểm và khả năng bị likely to get a particular illness
/,haɪ 'rɪsk/ thương/chết/hư hại/...
(adj)
nếu đất/đường/biển/sông... Strong winds and loose rocks

treacherous mà treacherous thì chúng đặc biệt nguy made climbing treacherous.
/'tretʃərəs/ hiểm nhất là bởi vì điều kiện thời tiết
(adj) xấu, tiềm ẩn nhiều rủi ro
threatening thể hiện mối đe dọa có thể gây hại hoặc - threatening letters
/'θretnɪŋ/ (adj) mang tính bạo lực - threatening behaviour

A. weak B. ill C. sick D. unhealthy

15. Recalling his first trip in the air, Jack said he felt very ______ and even vomited.
A. bedridden B. unhealthy C. sick D. frail
16. She looks so weak and ______ from all her depression, but there's a strength in her now that was
never there before.
A. fine B. faint C. well D. feeble
17. Finally another man went down to check and found him weak and ______ from exertion and lack of
air.
A. faint B. unhealthy C. ill D. sick
18. She ran to her bathroom and vomited, relieving the ______ sensation a bit, but not entirely.
A. unwell B. faint C. sick D. unhealthy
19. Mentally ______ patients have the same rights as anyone else.
A. unwell B. ill C. faint D. bedridden
20. The miners worked in very ______ conditions.
A. ill B. sick C. feeble D. unhealthy
21. She was ______ after breaking her hip, and the only person coming in or out of her apartment was a
nurse who stopped by for two hours each day.
A. faint B. bedridden C. unhealthy D. well
22. He no longer worked the ferryboat; his eyes were becoming ______, also his arms and hands, but
unchanged and radiant were the happiness and the serene well-being in his face.
A. ill B. sick C. weak D. faint
23. He has such a(n) ______ lifestyle - smoking, drinking, eating too much.
A. unwell B. faint C. feeble D. unhealthy
24. My wife had pneumonia recently, and she is still ______ from it.
A. ill B. weak C. well D. sick
25. He was ______ and immobile, and literally nothing but skin and bone by the end.
A. bedridden B. faint C. well D. unhealthy
26. She is ______ today, so her class will be taken by another teacher.
A. well B. unwell C. unhealthy D. frail
27. His grandfather had a ______ heart.
A. frail B. bedridden C. faint D. weak
28. His skin looked pale and ______.
A. unhealthy B. faint C. ill D. bedridden
147. PHÁ, LÀM HỎNG
làm cho một cái gì đó hư hại đến mức - He completely destroyed the
destroy
không dùng được nữa hoặc không tồn tại phone by smashing it into pieces.
/dɪ'strɔɪ/
nữa - You have destroyed my hopes of
(v)
happiness.
devastate devastate something Western India was devastated by a
/'devəsteɪt/ phá huỷ hoàn toàn một nơi hoặc một vùng huge earthquake.
(v) nào đó
phá hủy hoàn toàn một tòa nhà, đặc biệt là They demolished the old school to
demolish để sử dụng đất cho việc khác build a new one.
/dɪ'mŋkʧ/
phá huỷ cái gì đó Tornadoes demolished trailers and
(v)
blew roofs off houses.
gây hư hại hoặc làm hỏng cái gì/điều gì; - The building was
damage
có tác động xấu/gây hại đối với điều gì/ai badly damaged in the fire.
/'dæmɪdʒ/
- The bribery scandal damaged his
(v)
reputation severely.

[ngoại động từ] biến một cái gì đó tốt Our camping trip was spoilt by bad
thành thứ xấu/khó chịu/không còn hấp weather.
dẫn/không còn hữu ích ...
spoil ~ ruin
/spɔɪl/ (v) [ngoại động từ] cho một đứa trẻ mọi thứ He spoils his children with
mà chúng muốn và không áp dụng bất kỳ expensive toys.
nguyên tắc nào với chúng nên có tác động
xấu lên tính cách và hành vi của chúng
làm hỏng một cái gì đó khiến nó bị mất đi Her new boots got ruined in the
giá trị/thú vui/cơ hội... mud.
ruin ~ spoil
/'ru:ɪn/ (v)
làm cho ai đó/điều gì đó mất hết thanh The long legal battle ruined him
danh/tiền bạc/địa vị... financially.
deface something Several office buildings
deface
làm hỏng vẻ ngoài của một cái gì đó, đặc were defaced by graffiti.
/dɪ'feɪs/ (v)
biệt là bằng cách vẽ hoặc viết lên nó
disfigure somebody/something làm hỏng An ugly power
disfigure
hoàn toàn vẻ ngoài của một cái gì đó/một station disfigures the landscape.
/dɪs'fɪg.ər/
nơi nào đó/một người nào đó (đặc biệt là
(v)
khuôn mặt của họ)
1. The rest of the place looks defaced/devastated by a bombing raid.
2. The crops were ruined/disfigured by the late frost.
3. His face was demolished/disfigured now, swollen from bites that oozed a dark fluid.
4. Don't colour your passport photo! Don’t you know it is against the law to deface/spoil a passport?
5. Smoking can severely damage/demolish your health.
6. Several houses were defaced/demolished to make way for the new road.
7. Most of the original houses were destroyed/spoiled in the war.
8. "And you’re clothed, you have a roof over your head, you don't have to work!
That's more than a lot of people have, you spoiled/ruined little brat!"
9. Eventually, their problems with money ______ their marriage.
A. destroyed B. disfigured C. devastated D. defaced
10. Some of them reportedly ______ posters of the singer in the lobby, writing comments and tossing
drinks on her pictures.
A. devastated B. defaced C. disfigured D. demolished
11. His low test scores ______ his chances of getting into a good school.
A. disfigured B. devastated C. demolished D. ruined
12. Don't ______ your appetite by snacking too much.
A. spoil B. devastate C. destroy D. damage
13. They used spray paint to ______ the sign.
A. destroy B. demolish C. deface D. devastate
14. His face was ______ by a long red scar.
A. destroyed B. disfigured C. devastated D. damaged
15. This part of the old town has been ______ by ugly new buildings.
A. destroyed B. damaged C. devastated D. disfigured
148. PHÂN BIỆT
distinguish [nội động từ, ngoại động At what age are children able
/dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃ/ từ] distinguish between A and B to distinguish between right and

11. Jane's friendly nature is one of her most ______ characteristics.

A. differing B. distinguishing C. determining D. separating
12. The device can ______ between the cancerous and the normal cells.
A. separate B. contrast C. determine D. discriminate
13. Teachers have to learn to ______ between behaviour problems associated with learning difficulties
and behaviour problems linked to something else.
A. differ B. distinguish C. contrast D. determine
149. PHẢN ĐỐI
[ngoại động từ] không chấp thuận, reject something/somebody The prime
reject
loại bỏ, bác bỏ (ai/cái gì) (ý kiến, minister rejected any idea of reforming the
/rɪ'dʒekt/
quan điểm, đề xuất, lập luận, yêu system.
(v)
cầu, đơn xin việc...,)
[ngoại động từ] chống đối, phản - be opposed to something He
đối ai, cái gì (về chính sách, kế was strongly opposed to modernism in art.
oppose hoạch) bằng cách đứng lên phản - oppose doing something I would oppose
/ə'poʊz/ kháng, đấu tranh, ngăn không để changing the law.
(v) nó thành công được - oppose somebody/something
This party would bitterly oppose the re-
introduction of the death penalty.
- [nội động từ] không cùng chung - No, I disagree. I don 't think it would be
quan điểm, ý kiến, có quan điểm, ý the right thing to do.
kiến khác nhau về điều gì - I must respectfully disagree with my
disagree
- [nội động từ] mâu thuẫn, khác colleague.
/,dɪs.ə'gri:/
nhau về thông tin - Victoria and I obviously disagree on this
(v)
issue.
- The results of the two approaches
disagree.
[nội động từ] bày tỏ, nói lên sự - object to doing something I really object
object
phản đối, không chấp thuận, chống to being charged for parking.
/əb'dʒekt/
đối lại - Many local people object to the building
(v)
~ oppose of the new airport.
1. Plans to drill for oil in the Arctic region are fiercely opposed/rejected by conservationists.
2. The sales manager and project manager still disagree/oppose with each other on pricing and product
development.
3. Local residents disagreed/objected to the proposed development.
4. I applied for a job as a mechanic in a local garage, but I was opposed/rejected.
5. The two reports disagree/object on the number of people who will be affected by this change.
6. I ______ to paying that much for milk because it's unnecessary.
A. objected B. opposed C. disagreed D. rejected
7. The court ______ the argument and found the defendant not guilty.
A. opposed B. rejected C. objected D. disagreed
8. I ______ with you - I think she's done a very good job.
A. reject B. oppose C. object D. disagree
9. Many locals are strongly ______ to the development.
A. rejected B. objected C. opposed D. disagreed
10. We ______ on most things, but on this question, we are at one with each other.
A. disagree B. oppose C. object D. reject
150. PHẦN THƯỞNG

- một phần thưởng được trao tặng cho người - She won the first prize in the
prize chiến thắng một cuộc thi, cuộc đua, hoặc trao English Olympic Contest.
/praɪz/ cho người hoàn thành công việc rất tốt. - Scientists from Oxford
(n) shared the Nobel Prize for
Medicine in 1945.
- một giải thưởng hay một khoản tiền mà một - A recently launched
người hay một tổ chức nhận được cho thành advertising agency got
award
tích của họ và giải thưởng ấy được công nhận an award for the best
/ə'wɔ:d/
và đánh giá cao. marketing campaign of 2009.
(n)
- Angelina Jolie received
the award for best actress.
- một phần thưởng ghi nhận cho sự nỗ lực của - A child's smile is the
bạn để hoàn thành một công việc nào đó. best reward for each mother.
reward - phần thưởng không chỉ ở dạng vật chất mà - The police offered
/rɪ'wɔ:d / còn ở trạng thái tinh thần. a reward for any information
(n) - là sổ tiền thưởng trao cho người cung cấp about the robbery
thông tin quan trọng cho cảnh sát về một điều
gì đó
- một món quà ít trạng trọng hơn, một cái gì - Yuki was wrapping
đó mà bạn được cho, mà không yêu cầu, vào a present for her friend.
một dịp đặc biệt như lễ cưới, sinh nhật,... đặc - The children gave their
biệt là để thể hiện tình bạn hoặc để nói lời mothers many
present
cảm ơn. special presents on Women’s
/'preznt / (n)
- các món quà này thường được trao cho nhau Day.
bởi những người có vị thế ngang hàng hoặc
một người có vị thế thấp hơn trao cho một
người ở vị thế cao hơn.
- một món quà, quà tặng tới ai đó. - She made a £50,000 gift to
- dùng để nói về những món quà trang trọng. those living in poor conditions.
gift /gɪft/
- món quà này có thể do một người giàu tặng - Her grandpa sent her
(n)
một người nghèo hơn hoặc một người ở vị thế a gift for her birthday.
cao tặng cho một người ở vị thế thấp.
1. He was nominated for first prize/reward in the essay competition.
2. She is now reaping the rewards/gifts of all her hard work.
3. He gave everyone a(n) award/present to extend his gratitude for them.
4. She had bought and wrapped prizes/gifts for children in the hospital.
5. The poetry award/reward went to Lisa Mueller for ‘Alive Together.
6. One of the precious rewards/awards that she is given in this life is the unconditional love of her
mother.
7. The watch was a very important ______ given by her father on her birthday.
A. gift B. award C. prize D. reward
8. The Academy ______, popularly known as Oscars, have been held since 1929.
A. awards B. prizes C. gifts D. rewards
9. The police offered a £100 ______ for any information about the robbery.
A. prize B. gift C. present D. reward
10. Although his leg sustained some injuries, he still won first ______ in the race last year.
A. gift B. present C. award D. prize

11. On her mother’s birthday, that little girl willingly got a little money from her piggy bank so that she
could give her mother a meaningful ______.
A. award B. prize C. present D. reward
12. The ______ of leading a positive life is that we know how to see the light at the end of the tunnel.
A. award B. reward C. prize D. present
151. PHÍ
phí, số tiền bạn phải trả cho các dịch - The school fees are expected to rise
vụ lời khuyên, tư vấn mang tính again next year.
fee chuyên nghiệp (trả cho các chuyên - Customers pay an annual fee for the
/fi:/ gia, như bác sĩ, luật sư), phí trả cho service.
(n) một dịch vụ đặc thù như học phí, phí
đăng ký xe máy, các loại dịch vụ
pháp lý...
tiền phạt, một khoản tiền phải trả như - I got a parking fine for parking on
fine
sự trừng phạt nếu vi phạm luật pháp double yellow lines.
/faɪn/
hoặc quy tắc - Violations carry a maximum fine of $l
(n)
000.
charge phí, số tiền mà ai đó yêu cầu bạn trả - We have to make a small charge for
/tʃɑ:rʤ/ cho hàng hóa và dịch vụ refreshments.
(n) - Delivery is free of charge.
toll phí xa lộ, tiền phí bạn phải trả khi Drivers have to pay 50,000 VNĐ toll for
/təʊl/ qua cầu đường, phí trả trên các trạm crossing a bridge.
(n) xa lộ, khi đi qua cầu đường.
fare phí di chuyển, tiền bạn cần phải trả The old man is paying the bus fare to the
/fer/ khi sử dụng các phương tiện đi lại driver.
(n) như xe bus, tàu hỏa, máy bay...,
rate một số tiền cố định được yêu cầu trả The banks now pay a lower rate of
/reɪt/ cho một thứ gì đó interest to savers.
(n)
1. Tuition fees/charges at Stanford have now reached £9,000 a year.
2. Drivers risk heavy fares/fines for driving without a licence.
3. The idea of tolls/fares for motorways is an interesting one; it has been discussed a great deal in this
country.
4. We make a small toll/charge for wrapping your gift.
5. You can opt to pay a flat fine/rate for unlimited internet access.
6. The airline has introduced a cheap fare/fee to New York.
7. They have no option but to cross the bridge and pay the ______.
A. tolls B. fares C. fees D. charges
8. Many doctors have a standard scale of ______.
A. fares B. fines C. fees D. tolls
9. We were forced to borrow the money at an extortionately high ______ of interest.
A. charge B. rate C. fare D. fine
10. The cheapest ______ at the moment is with Air Portugal from London.
A. toll B. fee C. fare D. charge
11. The museum has introduced a £3 admission ______.
A. fare B. toll C. charge D. fine
12. They face up to five years in prison and more than $1 million in ______.

A. fines B. fees C. fares D. rates

152. PHỔ BIẾN
- chung, phổ biến, giống nhau - Jackson is a common English name.
common ở nhiều nơi, có ở nhiều người - They share a common interest in
/'kɑ:.mən/ - được chia sẻ bởi mọi người, photography.
(adj) cái thuộc về một người cũng
như những người, cái khác.
popular - được yêu thích, ưa chuộng, - She's the most popular teacher in school.
/'pa:.pjə.lə/ ủng hộ bởi rất nhiều người - popular music/songs/culture/fiction
(adj) - bình dân, đại chúng, phổ cập
- chung chung, không riêng - The general feeling is that justice was not
general biệt mà phổ biến, lan rộng, served.
/'dʒen;ər;əl/ không cụ thể, không giới hạn - general knowledge
(adj) - chỉ đến toàn thể, toàn bộ - In general, Japanese cars are very reliable
một tầng lớp, một tập thể. and breakdowns are rare.
tồn tại, tìm thấy ở khắp mọi - Such problems are a universal feature of
universal nơi, liên quan đến tất cả mọi old age.
/ju:.nə'vɜ:.səl/ người trên thế giới, hoặc - universal access/service/standards
(adj) trong một nhóm nào đó, toàn - universal
thể, toàn dân agreement/appeal/approval
1. We are prepared to discuss the deal in common/general terms, but the details are confidential.
2. Jenny is one of the most popular/universal girls in the school.
3. The proposal has not met with common/universal agreement.
4. In the past, bear-baiting was a popular/common form of entertainment in Britain.
5. General/Universal knowledge is information that has been accumulated over time through various
mediums, sources.
6. The restaurant is deservedly ______ with all who enjoy Mexican food.
A. common B. popular C. universal D. general
7. She was Swiss and I am from Vietnam, so French was our ______ language.
A. common B. universal C. general D. popular
8. This is a crucial year for your relationships in ______ and your love life in particular.
A. universal B. popular C. general D. common
9. The wireless infrastructure provides ______ access to the internet for all residents.
A. common B. general C. popular D. universal
10. The book makes a valuable contribution to studies of ______ culture in transnational contexts.
A. popular B. common C. universal D. general
153. PHONG CÁCH
hợp thời trang, đặc sắc, kiểu cách, - a stylishly dressed young man
stylishly phong cách (thể hiện chất lượng cao - Her hair was stylishly cut into a bob.
/'staɪ.lɪʃ.li/ (adv) trong cách ăn mặc, thiết kế, cách xử
lý...,)
(thuộc) văn phong; (thuộc) phong - The works are stylistically related.
stylistically /staɪ'lɪstɪkli/ cách nghệ thuật; có liên quan đến - Her music crosses a lot of
(adv) văn phong, có liên quan đến phong lines stylistically.
cách nghệ thuật
1. She dresses stylishly/stylistically and lives in a beautifully decorated Victorian house.

forget vô tình bỏ quên thứ gì đó, không đề - She forgot her sunglasses.
/fər'get/ cập đến nơi bạn đã bỏ quên nó - When he got to the airport he found
(v) he'd forgotten his passport.
leave để lại, bỏ quên, nhưng ở một nơi nào - I've left my bag on the bus.
/li:v/ đó, thường có địa điểm cụ thể bạn đã - Hang on a minute - I left my phone
(v) bỏ quên upstairs.
1. I remembered everything else but I forgot/left about the beach towels.
2. She forgot/left her little brother in the park and came home by herself.
3. I realized too late that I'd forgotten/left the tickets.
4. The lost property office is full of belongings people have forgotten/left on trains.
5. Sorry to disturb you, I forgot/left my key.
6. I stupidly forgot/left my passport at home.
159. RÁC
[U] những chất/nguyên liệu/vật liệu household/nuclear waste
waste
không còn cần đến nữa và bị vứt bỏ
/weɪst/ (n)
(chúng cần được xử lý)
[U] hỗn hợp chất thải từ cơ thể con người The factory secretly dumped
sewage (nước tiểu, phân) và nước đã qua sử dụng millions of gallons of
/'su:ɪdʒ/ (n) từ các ngôi nhà hoặc chất thải lỏng từ các raw sewage into the Ohio river.
nhà máy được thải ra qua các đường ống
effluent [C, U] chất thải lỏng được thải ra từ các Industrial effluents and sewage
/'efluənt/ nhà máy hoặc từ những nơi mà nước thải remain problems.
(n) (sewage) được xử lý
[U] những thứ (đồ ăn hỏng/giấy bẩn/...) Put the empty box in
rubbish mà bạn vứt đi bởi vì bạn không còn cần the rubbish bin.
/'rʌbɪʃ/ hoặc muốn chúng nữa
(n) = garbage /'ga:bɪʤ/ (n) [U]
= trash /træf/ (n) [U]
[U] những mẩu rác nhỏ như là There was a lot of litter on the
litter
giấy/chai/lọ/lon/... mà người ta vứt ra ở beach.
/'lɪtə(r)/ (n)
một nơi công cộng
leavings những thứ mà ai đó hoặc một con vật nào The main leavings from the meal
/'li:vɪŋz/ (n) đó bỏ lại khi họ làm xong việc gì were bones.
1. Effluents/Leavings from local factories are finding their way into the river.
2. There will be fines for people who drop litter/sewage.
3. People are being encouraged to recycle their household litter/rubbish.
4. She dropped her lunch leavings/sewage into a bin.
5. Untreated or raw trash/sewage is being pumped into the sea, from where it pollutes our beaches.
6. The vast amounts of electronic sewage/waste is being shipped to developing countries.
7. The ______ from the grinding of seeds and grain will be checked for starch and protein content.
A. leavings B. rubbish C. effluent D. litter
8. One pipe had been blocked by fat from the kitchens, forcing raw ______ into the water course.
A. litter B. sewage C. leavings D. trash
9. Decaying waste, polystyrene scraps, yellow factory ______ and dead animals seemed to clog every
channel.
A. rubbish B. litter C. trash D. effluent

6. The estate uses solar panels and wind turbines to generate/make power.
7. There were claims that the entire story had been produced/manufactured by the press.
8. They were both world famous actors. They first met while they were making/generating a movie.
9. Plants produce/create oxygen.
10. He had four months to produce/generate a film from a script he had already written.
11. As a parent, I try to create/produce a stable home environment for my children to grow up in.
12. All the tools are generated/fabricated from high quality steel.
13. The lottery is expected to generate/fabricate substantial funds for charities.
14. Plants use the sun's light to create/manufacture their food.
15. The body doesn’t ______ these fatty acids, so they have to be consumed.
A. manufacture B. make C. create D. generate
16. The video was ______ and directed by film-maker Neil Campbell.
A. fabricated B. manufactured C. generated D. produced
17. A large mirror in a room can ______ the illusion of space.
A. produce B. create C. manufacture D. make
18. All the details of the story turned out to be false and ______ by the reporter himself.
A. made B. generated C. manufactured D. produced
19. Red blood cells are ______ in the bone marrow.
A. fabricated B. produced C. made D. generated
20. The government plans to ______ more jobs for young people.
A. create B. produce C. make D. fabricate
21. France ______ a great deal of wine for export.
A. generates B. creates C. produces D. invents
22. Crude oil is used as the raw material for ______ plastics.
A. making B. generating C. creating D. producing
23. The car was designed, developed, and ______ in collaboration with Honda.
A. generated B. created C. invented D. manufactured
24. The wind farm may be able to ______ enough electricity for 2000 homes.
A. make B. fabricate C. generate D. invent
25. His house was ______ of mud and had been almost wiped out, but his fence was perfect.
A. generated B. made C. fabricated D. produced
26. Completing the project on time and under budget ______ a feeling of pride and accomplishment
among the team.
A. manufactured B. made C. fabricated D. generated
27. The president had denied the allegations, which he said were ______ by his political opponents.
A. produced B. fabricated C. made D. created
28. The region ______ over 90 per cent of the world's rice supply.
A. produces B. makes C. manufactures D. creates
29. Vitamins cannot be ______ by our bodies.
A. made B. fabricated C. created D. manufactured
30. When people exercise, their muscles consume energy and ______ heat as a by-product.
A. make B. generate C. create D. fabricate
164. SÁP NHẬP, HỢP NHẤT
[nội động từ] kết hợp/liên hợp với - We will unite in fighting crime.
những người khác để cùng làm một - The two countries have united
unite việc gì như là một nhóm: cùng nhau against their common enemy.
/ju'naɪt/ (v) hành động/làm việc
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] khiến - The vast majority of nations have
cho con người/vật hợp nhất lại thành agreed to unite their efforts to bring

một thể thống nhất; hợp nhất, hợp lại peace.

(nhấn mạnh vào sự trọn vẹn của quá - His aim was to unite Italy.
trình và sự duy nhất của kết quả) - The two countries united in 1887.
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] kết hợp - His department will merge with
hoặc khiến 2 hoặc nhiều hơn hai thứ mine.
kết hợp lại với nhau thành một - The two countries merged into one.
thứ: sát nhập (con người/vật phần
nào bị mất đi bản sắc riêng biệt của
chúng khi hợp nhất lại; một số nhân
tố/thành phần của con người/vật
merge được hợp nhất lại sẽ bị mất đi)
/mɜ:dʒ/ (v)
merge (into something) - Night and day began to merge.
[nội động từ] nếu 2 thứ merge hoặc - She avoided reporters at the airport
một thứ này merge into một thứ khác by merging into the crowd.
thì sự khác biệt giữa chúng sẽ dần
dần biến mất, vì vậy không thể nào
mà tách biệt được chúng nữa: hoà
vào, kết hạp
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] kết hợp - Hydrogen and oxygen combine to
lại với nhau để trở thành một form water.
combine
thể/nhóm thống nhất; kết hợp hai - Combine the eggs and the flour in a
/kəm'baɪn/
hoặc nhiều hơn hai thứ/nhóm lại với bowl.
(v)
nhau để làm thành một thứ/nhóm
duy nhất
thêm điều gì để điều đó trở thành Suggestions from the survey have
incorporate /ɪn'kɔ:pəreɪt/
một phần của một thứ lớn hơn đã có been incorporated into/in the final
(v)
sẵn: kết hợp design.
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] kết hợp Colourful illustrations are integrated
integrate
hai hoặc nhiều hơn hai thứ để chúng into the text to make it easily
/'ɪntɪgreɪt/
cùng hoạt động với nhau (có thể là comprehensible to the average
(v)
để sao cho có hiệu quả hơn) reader.
1. None of us has much money, so let’s combine/merge what we’ve got.
2. Teachers are taught how to merge/integrate computer use into normal classroom procedures.
3. The whole of the conference incorporated/united against the government's plan for foundation
hospitals.
4. Many of your suggestions have been merged/incorporated in the plan.
5. The villages expanded and merged/united into one large town.
6. He unites/merges them in marriage in a mass ceremony in a stadium.
7. She combined/merged into the crowd and disappeared.
8. We have ______ all the latest safety features into the new car design.
A. incorporated B. integrated C. combined D. merged
9. The actress added how mutual cooperation made them ______ into one whole being and stop thinking
about who a better partner is.
A. integrate B. unite C. merge D. incorporate
10. We have ______ many environmentally friendly features into the design of the building.
A. united B. merged C. combined D. incorporated
11. Small units, such as words, can be ______ into larger units, such as clauses.

8. You are advised to leave a wide ______ before you have your next child.
A. break B. interval C. lull D. pause
9. He read very slowly and with frequent ______.
A. pauses B. breaks C. lulls D. intervals
10. Most viewers tend to skip through the ad ______.
A. intervals B. lulls C. breaks D. pauses
170. SỬA CHỮA
- [ngoại động từ] sửa cái gì đó bị - repair a
hư hỏng, hư hại..., (cơ sở hạ tầng, road/wall/building/bridge
repair
vật chất, chấn thương...,) - to repair an injury/a hernia/a tear/a defect
/rɪ'per/
- [ngoại động từ] sửa chữa, uốn - It was too late to repair the damage done
(v)
nắn (lỗi, sai lầm...,), hàn gắn, cải to their relationship.
thiện tình huống xấu..., - repair relations/a relationship
[ngoại động từ] sửa chữa, sửa sai - We need to get the TV fixed.
fix cái gì đó (các vật dụng, đồ dùng, - I've fixed the problem.
/fɪks/ vấn đề...., thường dùng trong văn
(v) nói hằng ngày hơn, ít trang trọng
hơn repair)
- [ngoại động từ] sửa chữa cái gì - Could you mend my bike for me?
đó đã bị hư hỏng, hỏng hóc để có - He mended shoes for a living
thể sử dụng lại - The country's president is seeking to
mend
- [ngoại động từ] vá quần, áo, mend relations with the United States.
/mend/
dày..., bị rách
(v)
- [ngoại động từ] bào chữa, tìm ra
giải pháp cho sự bất đồng, tranh
cãi...,
- [ngoại động từ] sửa đổi, thay đổi MPs were urged to amend the law to prevent
amend
(văn kiện pháp lý), bổ sung (chỗ another oil tanker disaster.
/ə'mend/
thiếu sót, sai lầm trong một văn
(v)
kiện...)
1. The cost of repairing/mending the damage was much higher than we thought.
2. Until the constitution is fixed/amended, the power to appoint ministers will remain with the president.
3. They couldn't fix/amend my old computer, so I bought a new one.
4. She ought to learn to mend/amend her own clothes.
5. It is too late to fix/repair the damage we have done to our planet.
6. He wants me to ______ his shirt for him, but I'm not going to!
A. repair B. mend C. amend D. fix
7. He had two operations to ______ torn ligaments in his left knee.
A. mend B. fix C. amend D. repair
8. Parliament will vote to ______ the constitution.
A. amend B. repair C. mend D. fix
9. We're trying to ______ the cash flow problem by reducing costs.
A. mend B. fix C. repair D. amend
10. The Secretary of State and Chinese Foreign Minister met in an attempt to ______ strained relations.
A. repair B. mend C. amend D. Both A and B
171. SƯƠNG MÙ
smog một dạng ô nhiễm không khí giống The government is trying to

cách cụ thể nào đó

1. The music helped to put them in a more relaxed mood/disposition.
2. We were in a state/disposition of shock when they told us how much it would cost.
3. Kim received the news without showing any visible sign of state/emotion.
4. This film is not recommended for those of a nervous disposition/mood.
5. The emotion/mood of the meeting was distinctly pessimistic.
6. She broke the plates in a fit of state/temper.
7. I wasn't in the best of tempers/dispositions when I arrived at the meeting.
8. Responses to this situation have to be based on logical reasoning and historical insight, not simply
on temper/emotion.
9. Her boss would fly into a(n) ______ if a project wasn’t done on time.
A. emotion B. disposition C. state D. temper
10. Some addicts suffer violent ______ swings if deprived of the drug.
A. disposition B. state C. mood D. spirit
11. Reason and ______ can be seen as two complementary systems in the human brain for making
decisions.
A. temper B. mood C. emotion D. state
12. My nephew has ______ tantrums if he can’t get his own way.
A. state B. temper C. disposition D. spirit
13. I’m sorry Jack. I’m not really in the ______ to go out tonight.
A. temper B. disposition C. spirit D. mood
14. Tom is everybody’s favourite with his bouncy, cheerful ______.
A. state B. disposition C. shape D. emotion
15. She felt a sudden rush of ______ at the thought of seeing him again.
A. emotion B. state C. mood D. disposition
16. Some scenes aren’t recommended for viewers of a nervous ______.
A. temper B. disposition C. state D. emotion
17. It’s no use talking to him when he’s in a ______.
A. temper B. state C. mood D. disposition
18. Don’t talk to Miranda today - she’s in a terrible ______!
A. emotion B. mood C. disposition D. spirit
173. TĂNG
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên - The population continues to increase.
increase lớn hơn về số lượng/giá trị/mức - The company has increased the price
/ɪn'kri:s/ (v) độ/...; khiến điều gì lớn hơn về số of its cars.
lượng/giá trị/mức độ/...
rise [nội động từ] tăng về số lượng/giá Inflation is rising by 2.1 percent a
/raɪz./ (v) trị/... month.
[ngoại động từ] tăng số lượng/mức - to raise/increase prices/taxes
raise độ/giá cả/tiêu chuẩn/... của điều - We need to raise/increase public
/reɪz/ (v) gì/thứ gì awareness of the issue.
~ increase [ngoại động từ]
[ngoại động từ] khiến cho điều gì - The plan was meant
boost tăng lên/trở nên tốt hơn hoặc thành to boost agricultural production.
/bu:st/ (v) công hơn - Getting that job did a lot to boost his
ego (= make him feel more confident).
escalate [nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên - the escalating costs of healthcare

/'eskəleɪt/ lớn hơn hoặc lớn hơn về - The protests escalated into five days of
(v) kích cỡ/mức độ nghiêm trọng/sự căng rioting.
thẳng/...; làm cho điều gì lớn hơn - We do not want to escalate the war.
hoặc lớn hơn về kích cỡ/mức độ
nghiêm trọng/sự căng thẳng/...
làm cho âm thanh to hơn The music was amplified with
amplify microphones.
/'æmplɪfaɪ/
tăng cường độ/sức mạnh/mức độ/tác These stories only amplified her fears.
(v)
động/ảnh hưởng của điều gì
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên - Sydney's population expanded rapidly
expand
lớn hơn về kích cỡ/số lượng/tầm in the 1960s.
/ɪk'spænd/
quan trọng; làm cho điều gì lớn hơn - The new system expanded the role of
(v)
về kích cỡ/số lượng/tầm quan trọng family doctors.
1. The cost of raw materials has raised/escalated sharply.
2. A child’s vocabulary expands/raises through reading.
3. The campaign aims to raise/rise awareness of the risks of illegal drugs.
4. The cost of the project has increased/raised dramatically since it began.
5. "This is the police,” came the escalated/amplified voice from the helicopter.
6. Interest rates are expected to rise/raise from 4.5 per cent to 5 per cent in the next six months.
7. They are continuing to expand/amplify the range of goods and services they offer.
8. The compliments she received after the presentation rose/boosted her self- esteem.
9. Violence between the two sides has been steadily escalating/boosting.
10. Critics say the internet has risen/amplified the problem of medical misinformation.
11. The conflict could ______ rapidly into a full-scale war.
A. rise B. raise C. escalate D. boost
12. A microphone picks up ambient sound and ______ it, and volume control allows you to adjust the
level.
A. amplifies B. boosts C. rises D. expands
13. Inequality in our society is ______ and for those at the bottom, things are getting worse.
A. raising B. boosting C. amplifying D. increasing
14. In turn, the increased prices caused health costs to ______ in a vicious circle.
A. raise B. escalate C. boost D. expand
15. The distorted thinking of some parents who regard their children as mere possessions instead of
treating them as independent people only ______ the social tragedy.
A. rise B. boost C. amplifies D. increase
16. The short film is being ______ into a full-length documentary.
A. escalated B. risen C. expanded D. raised
17. The company plans to significantly ______ product availability over the next year.
A. increase B. rise C. amplify D. check
18. By 1999, the event had ______ from two to three days.
A. amplified B. raised C. expanded D. escalated
174. THA THỨ
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] ngừng cảm He's my only brother, and I tend
forgive thấy giận dữ với ai (người mà đã làm việc to forgive him anything.
/fə'gɪv/ gì để hại, làm khó chịu, hoặc làm bạn giận);
(v) ngừng cảm thấy giận dữ với chính bản thân
bạn: tha thứ

14. His lawyer thought he had a good chance of being ______ at the trail, if no further evidence was
found.
A. forgiven B. excused C. condoned D. acquitted
15. I'm not ______ his behaviour, but I can understand why he wanted revenge on his son’s attacker.
A. condoning B. acquitting C. pardoning D. forgiving
175. THAM GIA
[nội động từ] tham gia vào, có góp - We encourage students to
phần vào một hoạt động (mang tính participate fully in the running of
participate
trang trọng) thường với mục đích đảm the college.
/pɑ:r'tɪs,ə,peɪt/
nhận một vai trò nào đó trong hoạt - to participate in
(v)
động mình tham gia, mang tính chủ a study/programme
động. - to participate in an activity/event
tham gia vào, có liên quan đến một hoạt - to take part in a discussion/
take part in động nào đó demonstration/ fight/ celebration
(collocation) ~ participate - Most of the board members took
part in the discussions.
- [ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] gia - to join a
nhập (trở thành thành viên của một tổ group/club/team/party
join chức, câu lạc bộ, công ty...,) - New members can join online.
/dʒɔɪn/ - join in sth/doing sth = join in (with Everyone joined in with the
(v) sb/sth) [cụm động từ] tham gia vào một singing.
hoạt động nào đó (đang xảy ra) với
những người khác
[ngoại động từ] bao gồm một người - We want to involve as many
involve nào đó vào một cái gì hoặc để khiến họ people as possible in the
/ɪn'vɑ:lv/ tham gia hoặc cảm thấy là một phần celebrations.
(v) của nó - She's been involved with animal
rights for many years.
[ngoại động từ] + [nội động từ] (khá - to attend a wedding/ funeral/
attend trang trọng) tham dự, đề cập đến việc service/ ceremony/ meeting
/ə'tend/ tham gia một sự kiện chính thức. Chẳng - 5,000 people from around the
(v) hạn như cuộc họp, hội nghị..., world were invited to attend the
conference.
1. I felt so unfit after Christmas that I decided to join/involve a gym.
2. All the children attended/took part in the Thanksgiving play.
3. We want to encourage members to take part in/participate fully in the running of the club.
4. I prefer teaching methods that actively involve/join students in learning.
5. The meeting is on the fifth and we're hoping everyone will attend/participate.
6. I wish he would ______ with the other children.
A. take part in B. join in C. participate D. involve
7. Members are eligible for a 50% saving on room rates at all hotels that are ______ in the scheme.
A. participating B. attending C. taking part in D. involving
8. According to recent research, the busy British professional ______ nearly 60 meetings a month.
A. joins B. participates C. takes part in D. attends
9. She was very ______ with sports at college, and her studies suffered.
A. participated B. taken part in C. involved D. joined
10. They will ______ the discussions, along with many other organizations.

A. take part in B. join C. attend D. involve

176. THÀNH PHẦN
một trong những thứ để tạo thành cái All food products should carry a list
gì (đặc biệt là đồ ăn): thành of ingredients on the packet.
ingredient phần/nguyên liệu
/ɪn'gri:diənt/
một trong những thứ/phẩm chất cần Tolerance is an
(n)
thiết để tạo nên thành công essential ingredient for a happy
marriage.
[C] một phần cần thiết hoặc tiêu biểu - Cost was a key element in our
element của một cái gì đó; một trong vài decision.
/'elɪmənt/ (n) thành phần mà một cái gì đó chứa - There is often a
đựng: yếu tố futuristic element to her writing.
thành phần, phần hợp thành (một - Nitrogen is the main component of
phần kết hợp với các phần khác để air.
tạo thành một thứ gì đó lớn hơn như - the components of a machine
component
máy móc, xe, hệ thống, ...)
/kəm'pəʊnənt/
*Bản thân các thành phần này đã
(n)
hoàn thiện nên có thể tự đứng một
mình, ví dụ như bánh lái là một
component của một chiếc xe hơi.
một phần của một cái gì/điều gì đó - a significant portion of the
lớn hơn: phần chia population
portion - You give this portion of the ticket
/'pɔ:ʃn/ (n) to the inspector and keep the other.
- The central portion of the bridge
collapsed.
substance phần quan trọng nhất hoặc phần The real substance of the report
/'sʌbstəns/ (n) chính của một cái gì đó ~ essence (n) was in the third part.
1. Only a small portion/substance of the budget is spent on books.
2. Car components/ingredients are manufactured in the other factory.
3. The ingredient/substance of his argument was that people on welfare should work.
4. The story has all the portions/elements of a soap opera.
5. Determination is one of the essential components/ingredients for success.
6. All outdoor activities carry a(n) ______ of risk.
A. element B. component C. substance D. ingredient
7. Later that year, the ______ of their secret conversation appeared in a newspaper article.
A. element B. component C. substance D. ingredient
8. A very large ______ of our income goes to pay the mortgage.
A. portion B. ingredient C. component D. substance
9. I agreed with what she said in ______, though not with every detail.
A. element B. substance C. ingredient D. portion
10. China exported $2.5 billion of food ______ to the United States and the rest of the world in 2006.
A. elements B. components C. substances D. ingredients
11. They've introduced all sorts of new ______ to that programme in order to broaden its appeal.
A. elements B. components C. substances D. ingredients
12. The course has four main ______: business law, finance, computing, and management skills.
A. portions B. components C. substances D. ingredients

4. If plums are difficult to find, figs can be substituted/supplanted in this recipe with equally delicious
results.
5. She was hired to exchange/replace the previous manager who had been fired for dishonesty.
6. She was expected to substitute/succeed Jack Smith as CEO when he retired.
7. The club does not have the financial resources to replace/exchange the damaged equipment.
8. It is not a good idea to miss meals and ______ them with snacks.
A. replace B. exchange C. supplant D. succeed
9. Small children can often feel ______ in their parents' affections when a new brother or sister is born.
A. substituted B. succeeded C. exchanged D. supplanted
10. The vouchers are sent to the group who can either use them in store or ______ them for cash.
A. supplant B. exchange C. replace D. substitute
11. I'd like to ______ this sweater for a smaller one please.
A. substitute B. supplant C. exchange D. replace
12. Your car is in good condition, but you ought to ______ the tires.
A. exchange B. succeed C. remove D. replace
13. Domestic production has been ______ by imports and jobs have been lost.
A. supplanted B. removed C. exchanged D. succeeded
14. He was ______ because the company wanted someone who was young and decisive.
A. exchanged B. succeeded C. replaced D. surpassed
15. Picky eaters may want to ______ the mushrooms with chopped tomatoes or baby spinach.
A. succeed B. substitute C. supplant D. exchange
16. At the age of 36, she is ideally positioned to ______ him as editor of the paper when the time comes.
A. exchange B. remove C. triumph D. succeed
17. Material comforts can never ______ for unconditional love from one’s family, whatever the comfort
might be.
A. replace B. supplant C. substitute D. succeed
18. Paper bags have been largely ______ by plastic bags.
A. succeeded B. replaced C. exchanged D. traded
19. Their work has been largely ______ by the use of a computer program that fulfils the same function.
A. succeeded B. exchanged C. supplanted D. traded
20. If the car you have leased is clearly unsatisfactory, you can always ______ it for another.
A. exchange B. substitute C. replace D. supplant
21. One of our teachers is sick today, so we need someone to ______ for her.
A. supplant B. replace C. succeed D. substitute
22. She will ______ him as chair of the committee when he retires.
A. exchange B. succeed C. triumph D. remove
23. Printed books might soon be ______ by e-books.
A. supplanted B. traded C. succeeded D. exchanged
179. THIẾT BỊ, DỤNG CỤ
một dụng cụ ví dụ như cái búa, tua vít, gardening tools
cưa,... mà bạn cầm trong tay và sử dụng để
tool làm ra cái gì, sửa chữa cái gì,...
/tu:l/ (n)
một thứ mà giúp bạn trong công việc hoặc research tools like
đạt được điều gì: công cụ questionnaires
facilities [plural] các tòa nhà, các dịch vụ, - educational facilities
facility
các thiết bị,... được cung cấp cho một mục - leisure facilities
/fə'sɪləti/ (n)
đích cụ thể nào đó
instrument musical instrument Is he learning an instrument?

/'ɪnstrəmənt/ nhạc cụ (piano, trống, violin,...)

(n) một dụng cụ hoặc thiết bị được sử dụng cho - surgical instruments
một nhiệm vụ cụ thể nào đó, đặc biệt là - All pupils should learn to use
dành cho các công việc của chuyên gia hoặc drawing instruments.
nhà khoa học
[U] những thứ cần thiết (máy móc, dụng cụ, office equipment
equipment
đồ vật) cho một mục đích/hoạt động cụ thể
/ɪ'kwɪpmənt/
nào đó: các thiết bị (thường là những thứ
(n)
rắn, đặc biệt là những thiết bị lớn)
gear [U] các thiết bị hoặc quần áo đặc biệt dành - sports gear
/gɪə(r)/ (n) cho một hoạt động cụ thể nào - fishing gear
một loại máy móc hoặc một thiết bị được a recording device
device
thiết kế chuyên biệt cho một công việc cụ
/dɪ'vaɪs/ (n)
thể nào
một chiếc máy được thiết kế để làm một electrical/household appliances
appliance /ə'plaɪəns/
việc cụ thể trong nhà, chẳng hạn như chuẩn
(n)
bị thức ăn, sưởi ấm hoặc dọn dẹp
1. Ageing computer equipment/tools should be replaced, not upgraded.
2. Police in riot device/gear, with shields and helmets, arrived to control the protestors.
3. This device/tool allows deaf people to communicate by typing messages instead of speaking.
4. Learning a musical tool/instrument introduces a child to an understanding of music.
5. He took a spanner from his tool/facility box and tightened up the bolts on the gate.
6. This instrument/appliance was designed to measure the Earth’s atmosphere.
7. We aim to improve the provision of educational equipment/facilities, such as libraries, laboratories,
and academic buildings.
8. The internet has been an effective device/tool for advertising.
9. Medical staff should use personal protective ______ when treating any patient who may be infected
with the virus.
A. appliance B. equipment C. machine D. utensil
10. The school is upgrading its outdoor play ______.
A. appliances B. utensils C, instruments D. facilities
11. This pen is the ideal precision ______ for all your graphic needs.
A. utensil B. appliance C. instrument D. machine
12. They were both aware that there might be listening ______ hidden in the room.
A. devices B. instruments C. tools D. materials
13. We believe the new law will be an effective ______ in fighting poverty.
A. instrument B. device C. equipment D. tool
14. The airport plans to improve internet ______ in its terminals.
A. materials B. facilities C. tools D. utensils
15. Aid agencies are flying vital medical ______ to the disaster area.
A. equipment B. utensils C. appliances D. machines
16. The musicians were tuning their ______ before the concert began.
A. gear B. instruments C. equipment D. tools
17. Writing is a good ______ for discharging overwhelming feelings.
A. instrument B. tool C. device D. equipment
18. Do you play any ______?
A. devices B. instruments C. tools D. facilities

kế hoạch...,)
[ngoại động từ] báo tin cho, kể cho - Please inform us about/of any changes
inform
ai đó biết về thông tin cụ thể nào đó in your circumstances.
/m'fɔ:rm/
- Keep me informed about any job
(v)
opportunities.
[ngoại động từ] phát biểu, nói, viết - Please state why you wish to apply for
state
rõ về điều gì đó (một cách cẩn thận this grant.
/steɪt/
và trang trọng), trình bày, bày tỏ - The facts are clearly stated in the
(v)
report.
[ngoại động từ] thông báo cho ai đó - The police must be notified of the date
notify
biết điều gì một cách trang trọng và of the demonstration.
/'noʊ.tə.faɪ/
chính thức (thường chia ở thể bị - The date of the demonstration must
(v)
động) ~ inform be notified to the police.
1. The country informed/declared independence in 1952.
2. When the company was stated/informed of the problems we were experiencing, it took extraordinary
steps to help us.
3. The prime minister has announced/declared that public spending will be increased next year.
4. I'm not making excuses: I'm simply informing/stating a fact.
5. She announced/stated the winner of the competition to an excited audience.
6. The committee’s decision will be declared/notified to all employees next week.
7. Each child was asked in turn to ______ what he or she wanted from the situation.
A. notify B. state C. inform D. announce
8. Keep the project manager ______ about any issue that might have an impact on a project's bottom line.
A. informed B. announced C. declared D. stated
9. Figures released by the bank showed almost 12,000 companies had been ______ bankrupt in the third
quarter of the year.
A. announced B. stated C. informed D. declared
10. They haven't formally ______ their engagement yet.
A. stated B. informed C. announced D. declared
11. We've ______ our policyholders of the changes affecting their policies.
A. been informed B. been announced C. notified D. declared
12. A state of emergency has been ______ in the province.
A. informed B. declared C. stated D. announced
182. THÚC ĐẨY, TĂNG CƯỜNG
- [ngoại động từ] thúc đẩy, quảng - This trade fair will help businesses from
bá sản phẩm, dịch vụ (thông qua Malawi to promote their products.
promote quảng cáo hoặc ưu đãi giá), - to
/prə'məʊt/ - [ngoại động từ] khuyến khích, promote democracy/peace/understanding
(v) thúc đẩy điều gì xảy ra và phát - The aim of the culture festival is to
triển (sự hiểu biết, hòa bình, chế promote friendship between the two
độ, nhận thức...,) countries.
[ngoại động từ] làm cho cái gì đó - to boost productivity/spending
boost
tăng lên, trở nên tốt hơn hoặc thành - to boost somebody's confidence/morale
/bu:st/
công hơn (hiệu quả, doanh thu, tinh
(v)
thần...,)
strengthen [ngoại động từ] + [nội động - The move is clearly intended to
/'streŋ.θən/ từ] làm cho thứ gì đó mạnh mẽ, strengthen the president's position as head

(v) quyền lực, chắc chắn hơn, hoặc of state.

hiệu quả hơn; trở nên mạnh mẽ, - The exercises are designed to strengthen
quyền lực, chắc chắn hơn hoặc your stomach muscles.
hiệu quả hơn (vị thế, vị trí công - Repairs are necessary to strengthen the
việc, địa vị, thể chất, cầu, sự gắn bridge.
kết...,)
- [ngoại động từ] củng cố một - The final technical report into the
quan điểm, ý kiến, cảm giác..., accident reinforces the findings of initial
(cung cấp nhiều hơn bằng chứng, investigations.
reinforce hỗ trợ để chứng minh nó đúng) - His behaviour merely reinforced my
/,ri:.ɪn'fɔ:rs/ - [ngoại động từ] củng cố, làm dislike of him.
(v) chắc chắn (công trình, vật liệu,
quân đội...,) bằng việc trang bị
thêm (chất liệu, người, thiết bị...,)
để nó được vững chắc hơn
1. The change of management has promoted/boosted morale throughout the company.
2. The company’s products have been promoted/boosted mainly through advertising in newspapers.
3. The success in the election strengthened/reinforced the party's position considerably.
4. But let me just cite one other fact to strengthen/reinforce what you’re saying.
5. The organization's aim is to strengthen/boost the cultural ties between Britain and Germany.
6. The school motto was something about promoting/reinforcing world peace, co-operation and
understanding.
7. The foundations will have to be boosted/reinforced to prevent the house from sinking further into the
ground.
8. Share prices were boosted/reinforced by reports of the president's recovery.
9. The Institute is intended to ______ an understanding of the politics and culture of the Arab world.
A. boost B. promote C. reinforce D. strengthen
10. Doctors say his injured shoulder will take time to ______.
A. promote B. reinforce C. strengthen D. boost
11. [ĐMH 2021] Completing a degree gives mature students a sense of achievement, ______ their
confidence and improves their job prospects.
A. boost B. strengthen C. promote D. reinforce
12. The garrison is to be ______ by another two battalions of soldiers.
A. strengthened B. promoted C. boosted D. reinforced
13. Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to ______ products.
A. boost B. reinforce C. strengthen D. promote
183. THUÊ
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trả tiền một - Are you looking to buy or rent?
cách định kỳ cho ai đó để bạn có thể sử - Who do you rent the land from?
dụng thứ gì mà họ sở hữu (ví dụ như nhà,
phòng, đất đai,...): thuê
rent [ngoại động từ] cho phép ai đó sử dụng He rents rooms in his house
/rent/ (v) thứ gì mà bạn sở hữu (ví dụ như nhà hoặc (out) to students.
đất đai) để lấy tiền (được trả định kỳ): cho
thuê
~ let /let/ (v) (British English)
[ngoại động từ] rent something (North - to rent a movie/a bike/ a boat

American English) trả tiền cho ai để bạn - We rented a meeting room in a

có thể sử dụng cái gì trong một khoảng downtown hotel.
thời gian ngắn: thuê
= hire [British English)
làm một bản thoả thuận hợp pháp (hợp I’m interested in leasing your
đồng) trong đó một số tiền nhất định được cottage.
lease trả để sử dụng đất đai/tòa nhà/phương
/li:s/ (v) tiện/thiết bị/... trong một khoảng thời gian
thỏa thuận: cho thuê, thuê
~ rent
[ngoại động từ, nội động từ] thuê/tuyển - She was hired three years ago.
dụng ai đó làm việc - He does the hiring and
firing (= employing and dismissing
people) in our company.
[ngoại động từ] - to hire a lawyer/detective
hire hire somebody/something thuê và trả - Workers were hired by the day.
/'haɪə(r)/ công cho ai đó trong một khoảng thời gian
(v) ngắn để họ làm một công việc nào đó cụ
thể
[ngoại động từ] (British English) trả tiền What’s the cost of hiring by the day?
để mượn cái gì đó trong một khoảng thời
gian ngắn
= rent (American English)
charter charter something They flew to Athens and
/'tʃɑ:tə(r)/ thuê một phương tiện (máy bay, tàu, then chartered a boat to the island.
(v) thuyền,...) cho mục đích riêng của bạn
1. The government is encouraging employers to hire/rent disabled people.
2. We lease/charter all our computer equipment
3. He chartered/employed a jet to fly her home from California to Switzerland.
4. We leased/hired a magician to entertain the children.
5. I can’t afford to charter/rent an office in this part of town.
6. They chartered/hired a room above a pub for the wedding reception.
7. She bought a three-bedroom flat with the objective of hiring/renting two rooms.
8. I let/charter the spare room in my house to a student of the university.
9. We rented/let a car for the week and explored the area.
10. She was ______ by the campaign as a foreign-policy adviser.
A. leased B. rented C. chartered D. hired
11. You ______ a tuxedo for five hundred pounds? Are you crazy?
A. rented B. let C. leased D. chartered
12. He went to London, where he ______ an apartment for three years.
A. hired B. leased C. chartered D. employed
13. You could always ______ a dress for the ball if you can't afford to buy one.
A. hire B. charter C. let D. lease
14. Many young couples ______ an apartment until they've saved enough to buy a house.
A. charter B. rent C. hire D. employed
15. Parts of the building are currently ______ to students of the university.
A. hired B. employed C. chartered D. leased

184. TỈ LỆ
[C] mối quan hệ giữa hai nhóm The ratio of nursing staff to doctors is 2:1
ratio người/vật thể hiện mức độ lớn (=for every 2 nurses there is 1 doctor).
/'reɪʃiəʊ/ (n) hơn của nhóm này so với nhóm
còn lại: tỉ lệ
[U] mối quan hệ giữa một thứ với - The proportion of women to men at my
một thứ khác về kích cỡ/số college was about five to one/5:l (=for
lượng/...: tỉ lệ every 5 women, there is 1 man).
~ ratio - The room is very long in proportion to
(= relative to) its width.
- The chart shows how weight increases in
proportion proportion to height (= the increase in
/prə'pɔ:ʃn/
weight depends on the increase in height).
(n)
[U, C, usually plural] mối quan - Her feet are small in proportion to her
hệ chính xác về kích thước/mức height.
độ/tầm quan trọng/... giữa một thứ - The porch is out of proportion with
này với một thứ khác hoặc giữa (= too big or too small when compared
các phần của một chỉnh thể nào with) the rest of the house.
đó: sự cân xứng, sự cân đối
[C] sự đo lường số lần mà việc gì a high/tow/rising rate of unemployment
rate
xảy ra hoặc được làm, thực hiện
/reɪt/ (n)
trong một thời kỳ cụ thể: tỉ lệ
[C + singular or plural verb] số - Tax is paid as a percentage of total
percentage
lượng/lượng/tỉ lệ của một thứ gì income.
/pə'sentɪʤ/
trong mỗi 100: tỉ lệ phần trăm - What percentage of women return to
(n)
work after having a baby?
(bản đồ/biểu đồ/mô hình) tỉ lệ - a map with a scale of 1:50 (That can
giữa kích thước thật của một thứ mean 1 cm on the map represents 50cm on
gì với kích thước của nó ở trên the ground - in reality.)
scale /skeɪl/ (n) một bản đồ/biểu đồ/mô hình - Is this diagram made to scale? (= are all
* scale là một dạng của ratio its parts the same size and shape in
relation to each other as they are in the
thing presented)
1. Local businesses are closing at the rate/proportion of three a year.
2. He was building a percentage/scale model of the Empire State Building.
3. The ratio/rate of applications to available places currently stands at 100:1.
4. The scale/proportion of men to women in the college has changed dramatically over the years.
5. If a goalie saves 96 out of 100 shots, his or her save proportion/percentage is 96%.
6. The head is out of proportion/rate with the body.
7. The size of the windows seems out of ______ with the height of the wall.
A. scale B. proportion C. rate D. percentage
8. The ______ of computers to students is now two to one.
A. percentage B. scale C. ratio D. rate
9. Your legs are very much in ______ to the rest of your body.
A. scale B. rate C. percentage D. proportion
10. The level of crime in an area is almost always in direct ______ to the number of unemployed.
A. proportion B. rate C. percentage D. scale

A. spilling B. disclosing C. uncovering D. concealing

11. She confronted Peter and threatened that she would ______ the beans unless he married her as
promised.
A. reveal B. spill C. divulge D. uncover
12. The report ______ that the company made a loss of £20 million last year because of the pandemic.
A. reveals B. uncovers C. spills D. divulges
186. TIÊU ĐỀ, CHỦ ĐỀ
tiêu đề, tên của một cuốn sách, - His poems were published under the title of
title bài thơ, bức tranh, bản nhạc, bài 'Love and Reason’.
/'taɪtl/ báo v.v. - a book/album title
(n) - Some of his song titles and lyrics have also
attracted criticism.
chủ đề, vấn đề mà chúng ta thảo - The main topic of conversation was Tom 's
luận, viết hoặc nghiên cứu về new girlfriend.
topic nó - a topic of discussion/interest
/'tɑ:.pɪk/ - to cover/discuss a topic
(n) - hot topics
- In the next chapter the writer focuses on the
topic of adoption.
chủ đề (có thể là người hoặc - Walker's work has been the subject of
subject vật) mà đang được thảo luận, much debate.
/'sʌbdʒekt/ xem xét, nghiên cứu, miêu tả, - on the subject of something
(n) hoặc giải quyết - I wish you'd change the subject (= talk about
something else).
chủ đề hoặc ý tưởng chính - the central/main/key/major theme
theme trong một bài nói, bài viết, sách, - Love and honour are the main themes of the
/θi:m/ phim hoặc tác phẩm nghệ book.
(n) thuật..., (thông điệp) - a recurrent/recurring theme
(=one that occurs several times)
1. The theme/title of Evelyn Waugh's first novel was "Decline and Fall".
2. The father-daughter relationship is a recurring theme/title in her novels.
3. The incident is currently the subject/topic of a police investigation.
4. She has written about such hot and important subjects/topics as race, culture, and class.
5. The report is about to be published under the title/subject Choosing Futures.
6. To cover such a broad theme/topic in a single volume is ambitious.
7. On the surface it's a very funny novel but it does have a more serious underlying theme/topic.
8. Nelson Mandela is the ______ of a new biography.
A. theme B. subject C. title D. topic
9. There was a book I wanted to buy, but now I can't remember the ______.
A. subject B. theme C. topic D. title
10. Hot ______ for discussion included global warming and pollution of the oceans.
A. themes B. titles C. topics D. subjects
11. I wasn't quite sure how to deal with the delicate ______ of money.
A. subject B. topic C. theme D. title
12. Her struggle against poverty and racial prejudice is the central ______ of the book.
A. topic B. title C. subject D. theme
187. TÌM KIẾM

A. told off B. praised C. complimented D. condemned

2. He reproached himself for not telling her the truth.
A. scolded B. complimented C. rebuked D. praised
3. The company was publicly rebuked for having neglected safety procedures.
A. reprimanded B. scolded C. complimented D. praised
4. He was censured by the committee for his failure to report the problem.
A. scolded B. condemned C. complimented D. rebuked
5. His boss criticized him for his sloppy work habits.
A. approved B. censured C. condemned D. praised
192. TRÁCH NHIỆM
trách nhiệm mà bạn phải gặp/hoặc She has responsibility for public
nói chuyện với ai hoặc chăm sóc ai spending.
hoặc giải quyết việc gì vì vậy bạn
sẽ có thể phải chịu trách nhiệm nếu
điều gì đó xảy ra
responsibility
trách nhiệm cho một điều gì đó Nobody has
/rɪ,spɒnsə'bɪləti/
xấu/tồi tệ đã xảy ra claimed responsibility for the
(n)
bombing.
bổn phận về mặt đạo đức khiến bạn He seems unwilling to face up to
làm điều gì hoặc giúp đỡ/chăm sóc his responsibilities as a father.
ai do công việc của bạn/vị trí của
bạn ...
[U] trạng thái phải chịu trách Jack denied any liability for the
liability nhiệm về mặt pháp luật cho một damage caused.
/,laɪə'bɪləti/ (n) việc gì đó: trách nhiệm/nghĩa vụ
pháp lý
việc chịu trách nhiệm cho các The public has been demanding
accountability
quyết định và hành động của mình greater accountability from
/ə,kaʊntə'bɪləti/
và phải giải thích chúng khi được lawmakers.
(n) [U]
yêu cầu: trách nhiệm giải trình
điều gì đó mà bạn cảm thấy bạn It was my duty to report it to the
phải làm vì điều đó đúng về mặt police.
duty đạo đức hoặc đúng luật: bổn
/'dju:ti/ phận/trách nhiệm/nhiệm vụ
(n) [U, C] điều gì đó mà bạn làm như là một Your duties will include greeting
phần công việc của bạn: phận visitors and answering the phone.
sự/chức vụ/công việc
[U] trạng thái mà bạn bắt buộc phải Sophia didn’t feel under
làm điều gì đó vì đó là bổn phận any obligation to tell him the truth.
obligation của bạn hoặc bởi vì theo
/,ɒblɪ'geɪʃn/ luật...: nghĩa vụ/bốn phận
(n) [C] điều gì đó mà bạn phải làm vì I can't travel next month because of
bạn đã hứa hoặc theo luật pháp quy family obligations.
định
1. I have an accountability/obligation under law to protect their confidentiality.
2. Joshua, you have responsibility/accountability for collecting up the books after the class.
3. She felt she had fulfilled her liability/duty by providing him with a son.

4. These days accountability/obligation is important, and managers aren’t always willing to adopt risky
strategies.
5. They have no legal liability/duty for damage to customers’ possessions.
6. In this climate of heightened ______ to sponsors and students' parents, some believe that schools will
give instructional time only to subjects that are included in high-stakes testing.
A. responsibility B. accountability C. duty D. concern
7. Tenants have legal ______ for any damage they cause. That means when they break something in the
accommodation, they have to pay to repair or replace it.
A. liability B. accountability C. obligation D. duty
8. No organization has yet claimed ______ for the bomb attack.
A. accountability B. obligation C. responsibility D. duty
9. You are under a legal ______ to keep accurate records.
A. responsibility B. duty C. accountability D. liability
10. I am under no ______ to tell you my name.
A. obligation B. accountability C. liability D. responsibility
11. The troops are here to perform peacekeeping ______. They protect civilians, prevent conflicts, and
promote human rights.
A. liabilities B. duties C. concerns D. principles
193. TRẢI QUA
- British business is
[ngoại động từ] có một tình huống
now experiencing a severe recession.
cụ thể nào đó tác động hoặc xảy đến
- They had the opportunity
experience đối với bạn: trải qua, trải nghiệm
to experience life at sea.
/ɪk'spɪəriəns/
- I experienced feelings of sadness and
(v) [ngoại động từ] có hoặc nhận thức
loss.
được một cảm giác nào đó (thuộc về
- I have never experienced such pain
cảm xúc hoặc thể chất): cảm thấy
before.
- The country has undergone massive
undergo [ngoại động từ] trải qua điều gì, đặc changes recently.
/,ʌndə'gəʊ/ biệt là một sự thay đổi hoặc điều gì - Teachers should be expected
(v) đó không dễ chịu to undergo mid-career training and
development.
[nội động từ] bị ảnh hưởng nặng nề
bởi bệnh tật/sự đau đớn/nỗi
patients suffering from depression
đau/những cảm giác buồn/thiếu điều
suffer gì/...: đau, đau khổ,...
/'sʌfə(r)/ (v)
[ngoại động từ] trải qua một điều gì
không dễ chịu, ví dụ như bị thương, He suffered a massive heart attack.
mất mát, thất bại,...
go through /gəʊ go through something trải qua một
He's going through a divorce at the
θru:/ (phrasal tình huống khó khăn/tình huống
moment.
verb) không dễ chịu/cảm xúc nào đó/...
[ngoại động từ] trải qua hoặc đương
đầu với một tình huống không dễ - We had to endure a nine- hour delay
endure
chịu hoặc gây đau đớn mà không bỏ at the airport.
/ɪn'djʊə(r)/
cuộc: chịu đựng, cam chịu - He endured years of hip pain before
(v)
~ bear /beə(r)/ (v) seeing a surgeon.
~ meet /mi:t/(v)

[không dùng ở dạng bị động; không - He very much resembles/looks

look like dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn] có vẻ bề like a friend of mine.
(phrasal verb) ngoài rất giống với ai đó/cái gì đó - That powdered sugar looks
~ resemble like/resembles snow.
[không dùng ở dạng bị động; không - a fight for
resemble dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn] trông something resembling justice
/rɪ'zembl/ (v) giống ai đó/thứ gì đó
~ look like; giống ai/thứ gì đó
[không dùng ở dạng bị động; không Jenny really takes after her
take after dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn] giống mother.
somebody (phrasal với một thành viên lớn tuổi hơn trong
verb) gia đình (đặc biệt là bố hoặc mẹ) về
vẻ bề ngoài hoặc tính cách
1. The plant resembles/takes after grass in appearance.
2. Determined? He takes after/looks like his grandfather.
3. The meat looks like/resembles chicken in flavour.
4. She takes after/looks like me with her love of horses.
5. I have never seen anything remotely taking after/resembling the horrors of that day.
6. His father was lazy, but his mother hasn’t a lazy bone in her body, and Peter looks like/takes after her.
7. The fish had white, firm flesh that resembled/took after the chicken.
8. He strongly looks like/resembles his father in appearance and in temperament.
198. TRỪNG PHẠT, HÌNH PHẠT
sự trừng phạt, sự trừng trị, sự bị - to inflict/impose/mete out punishment
punishment trừng phạt, sự bị trừng trị (thường - I felt sure that it was a punishment for
/'pʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/ dùng cho tội phạm, hoặc lỗi sai, my sin.
(n) lỗi lầm của ai đó) - new approaches to the punishment of
offenders
- hình phạt, án phạt (vì làm điều - The penalty for traveling without a
gì đó trái với luật pháp, hợp đồng, ticket is £200.
penalty
điều khoản) (xét về mức độ thì - He missed a penalty in the last minute
/'pen.əl.ti/
penalty thường nặng of the game.
(n)
hơn punishment) - the death penalty = capital punishment
- cú phạt đền (trong bóng đá) = án tử hình
1. She had to tidy the classroom as a penalty/punishment for being late.
2. They asked for the maximum penalty/punishment for hoax calls to be increased to one year.
3. When imposing a penalty/punishment the court will have to take into consideration the degree and
character of each person’s participation in the commission of the crime.
4. From time to time, the death penalty/punishment was exacted for murder.
5. They use a system of reward and penalty/punishment to discipline their children.
6. Currently, ticket holders pay a penalty/punishment equal to 25 percent of the ticket price when they
change their flight plans.
7. Fox kicked a last-minute penalty/punishment to give the All-Blacks a sensational victory.
199. TRƯỢT
[nội động từ] + [ngoại động từ] trượt When I was little, I used to
slide
(để di chuyển dễ dàng trên bề mặt like sliding on the polished floor in my
/slaɪd/
nhẵn hoặc ướt; để làm cho một cái gì socks.
(v)
đó di chuyển theo cách này), đẩy nhẹ,

20. Her new boyfriend is hilarious - he had us ______ our pants through the whole lunch!
A. wetting B. watering C. moistening D. dripping
212. VẤN ĐỀ
the matter [so it] được dùng (để hỏi) nếu - What's the matter? Is there
matter
ai đó đang không vui/phiền muộn/... hoặc something wrong?
/'mætə(r)/
nếu có vấn đề gì - There's something the matter with
(n)
my eyes.
problem một việc/thứ mà khó để giải quyết hoặc Our main problem is lack of cash.
/'prɒbləm/ hiểu và gây ra những khó khăn/không
(n) được mong đợi
[C] một vấn đề/nỗi lo lắng/sự khó khăn William still has some issues with
issue
(thường thuộc về cá nhân) mà ai đó đang women (= has some problems
/'ɪʃu:/ (n)
gặp phải dealing with them).
một tình huống hoặc chủ đề mà đang She organizes her
affair được giải quyết hoặc cân nhắc financial affairs very efficiently.
/ə'feə(r)/ một vấn đề/tình huống (thường là về the Watergate affair
(n) chính trị hoặc phạm trù đạo đức) khiến
cho dư luận quan tâm
setback một khó khăn hoặc vấn đề làm chậm tiến The December elections were a
/'setbæk/ độ của một điều gì đó hoặc làm cho một major setback for the party.
(n) tình huống trở nên xấu hơn
obstacle một tình huống/sự kiện/... khiến cho bạn Fear of change is an obstacle to
/'ɒbstəkl/ khó có thể làm gì hoặc đạt được điều gì progress.
(n) ~ hindrance /'hɪndrəns/ (n)
1. I've never been very money-minded - I leave all my business setbacks/affairs to my financial adviser.
2. The team suffered a major setback/affair when their best player was injured.
3. Half of the teachers are now on strike. The problem/obstacle lies in the lack of communication
between managers and teachers.
4. The huge distances involved have proved an affair/obstacle to communication between villages.
5. What’s the issue/matter with you today?
6. I'm not bothered about the cost - you're the one who’s making it an issue/the matter.
7. Because I grew up in a dysfunctional family, anger is a big ______ for me.
A. matter B. issue C. setback D. obstacle
8. A lack of qualifications can be a major ______ to finding a job.
A. obstacle B. issue C. matter D. problem
9. The arms-dealing ______ has severely damaged the reputation of the government.
A. setback B. affair C. issue D. obstacle
10. What on earth was the ______ with him, Jack wondered. He’d come here to enjoy himself and here
he was, stuck on his own in the hotel.
A. setback B. affair C. obstacle D. matter
11. The breakdown in talks represents a serious ______ in the peace process.
A. matter B. issue C. setback D. problem
12. Everybody there had ______ from child abandonment to drug abuse, but I got used to it and just
stayed to myself.
A. issues B. setbacks C. obstacles D. hindrances
13. Their biggest ______ to finishing the project was the difficulty in finding enough local craftsmen to
carry out the work.

/fɑ:(r)/ (adj) khoảng cách xa hơn từ chỗ bạn; ở một - a far country
nơi xa*
* nghĩa này giống với distant và
faraway
cách xa những chỗ nơi con người sinh a remote village
remote
sống: hẻo lánh
/rɪ'məʊt/ (adj)
~ isolated /'aɪsəleɪtɪd/ (ɑdj)
xa về không gian hoặc thời gian - distant stars
distant
~ faraway /'fɑ:rəweɪ/(adj) [chỉ đứng - a distant country
/'distənt/ (adj)
trước danh từ]
[thường đứng trước danh từ] dùng để - expeditions to the far-
far-flung chỉ những nơi rất xa xôi hoặc những flung corners of the world
/.fa: 'flʌŋ/ (adj) thứ gì/những ai trải dài trên một vùng - a newsletter that helps to keep all
rộng lớn our far-flung graduates in touch
1. Her honeymoon seemed a remote/distant memory.
2. They live in a remote/short-lived corner of Scotland, miles from the nearest shop.
3. He’s gone off hiking in some short-lived/far-flung corner of Alaska.
4. I saw her on the far/remote side of the road.
5. The area is geographically far/isolated because of the hills that surround it.
6. Growing up in a small seaport in an Asian country instilled in him a restless desire to travel
to remote/faraway places in the world, such as Africa, Europe, and America.
7. Email enables far-flung/far friends to keep in touch.
8. It was only a few miles away, but it seemed unimaginably isolated/distant.
9. The stars are more ______ from the earth than the sun.
A. isolated B. far-flung C. remote D. distant
10. The sun slid behind the purple mountains in the ______ distance.
A. far B. remote C. isolated D. far-flung
11. Newsletters provided an important link to a ______ membership.
A. distant B. far-flung C. far D. remote
12. The time we spent together is now a (n) ______ memory.
A. distant B. remote C. isolated D. far-flung
13. He was standing in the ______ corner.
A. remote B. isolated C. far D. faraway
14. The airport was about 20 kilometres ______.
A. far-flung C. remote C. isolated D. distant
216. XÁC NHẬN
tuyên bố một cách chính thức rằng điều I hereby certify that the above
certify
gì là đúng sự thực hoặc chính xác, đặc information is true and accurate.
/'sɜ:tɪfaɪ/
biệt là bằng hình thức viết: chứng
(v)
nhận, chứng thực
verify something Several witnesses verified his story.
verify that ...
verify
chỉ ra hoặc nói rằng điều gì là đúng sự
/'verɪfaɪ/ (v)
thực hoặc chính xác: xác nhận
~ confirm /kən'fɜ:m/ (v)
1. Laboratory tests certified/confirmed the presence of the virus.


1. When we asked her if she had a boyfriend, she came over all bashful/shy and wouldn’t say a thing.
2. Boys are often more ashamed/inhibited than girls about discussing their problems.
3. She was certain that even embarrassed/timid, frightened slaves would run away if someone they could
trust offered to guide them to the North.
4. His daughter looked such a mess that he was ashamed/shy of her.
5. He was often shy/embarrassed to bring his friends around the house, because he didn't have a "typical”
mom.
6. Chris is a very ashamed/reserved man. It takes some time to get to know him.
7. She is terribly shy/ashamed around strangers.
8. Women should also remember that many men are ______ about discussing their feelings out in the
open.
A. reserved B. ashamed C. timid D. bashful
9. She explained how she was very ______ and self-conscious about her accent when she first arrived in
this country.
A. uninterested B. bashful C. reserved D. inhibited
10. She ought to be thoroughly ______ of herself - talking to her mother like that!
A. shy B. ashamed C. timid D. bashful
11. Unable to swim, not certain how deep the river was at this spot, he hugged the bank, too ______ to
pass over.
A. shy B. ashamed C. timid D. bashful
12. Children are often ______ with people they don't know.
A. shy B. bashful C. ashamed D. inhibited
13. Mary lowered her hands quickly, ______ by her show of enthusiasm, but James gave her a half smile
and Steve a "good job” pat on his tips.
A. ashamed B. embarrassed C. timid D. reserved
14. She had never seen him so happy before - he was always so ______ and cautious with his emotions.
A. embarrassed B. ashamed C. reserved D. uninterested
15. He was just pouring himself another cup of coffee when there was a(n) ______ knock on the door.
A. timid B. reserved C. embarrassed D. inhibited
219. XÓA BỎ, LOẠI BỎ
delete something (from something) The word 'it’ has been deleted.
delete
bỏ đi thứ gì đã được viết hoặc in ra hoặc
/dɪ'li:t/ (v)
thứ đã được lưu trong máy tính: xoá đi
xóa bỏ hoàn toàn điều gì/thứ gì; khiến - You cannot erase injustice from the
cho một cảm xúc/một kỷ niệm/một world.
quãng thời gian hoàn toàn bị quên đi - She tried to erase the memory of
that evening.
erase xóa đi dấu (bút/phấn/...) hoặc thứ mà bạn He has erased the wrong word.
/ɪ'reɪz/ (v) đã viết ra, thường bằng cách lau chúng
đi bằng một mảnh giẻ (đặc biệt là để
chữa chúng cho đúng): xoá
xoá bản ghi âm ở đĩa hoặc thông tin The computer crashed, and all our
được lưu trữ trong máy tính records were erased.
loại bỏ hoàn toàn thứ gì đó, đặc biệt là Their aim is to eradicate child
eradicate
những thứ xấu (như bệnh tật hoặc các poverty in the country within ten
/ɪ'rædɪkeɪt/
vấn đề xã hội) years.
(v)
~ wipe out /waɪp aʊt/ (phrasal verb)

chính thức bãi bỏ hoặc bỏ một luật/hệ Gradually, the laws that underpinned
abolish
thống hoặc chấm dứt một thể chế: bãi apartheid were abolished.
/ə'bɒlɪʃ/ (v)
bỏ, huỷ bỏ, thủ tiêu
loại bỏ hoàn toàn thứ gì đó không mong - There is no solution that will
muốn [có thể trùng ý nghĩa với totally eliminate the possibility of
từ eradicate] hoặc không cần thiết theft.
eliminate - The credit card eliminates the need
/ɪ'lɪmɪneɪt/
for cash or cheques.
(v)
loại bỏ/loại trừ khả năng ai đó/thứ gì Malaria was eliminated as a cause of
chịu trách nhiệm cho việc gì hoặc được death.
chọn cho việc gì
1. Slavery was deleted/abolished in the US in 1865.
2. Fatty foods should be abolished/eliminated from the diet.
3. Love was a word he had eradicated/erased from his vocabulary since Susan’s going.
4. All swear words were abolished/deleted from the text.
5. He was later released after being eliminated/eradicated from the enquiry.
6. I eliminated/erased the chalk marks from the blackboard.
7. His ambition is to eradicate/delete poverty in his community.
8. Several important files were accidentally erased/abolished.
9. She ______ the wrong answer from her paper and filled in the correct one.
A. abolished B. erased C. eliminated D. eradicated
10. This diet claims to ______ toxins from the body.
A. eliminate B. delete C. erase D. abolish
11. He has ______ more than 5,000 files from the memory of his computer.
A. abolished B. eliminated C. eradicated D. erased
12. The disease that once claimed millions of lives has now been ______.
A. eradicated B. deleted C. erased D. abolished
13. The company plans to ______ more than 2,000 jobs in the coming year.
A. delete B. abolish C. erase D. eliminate
14. Is monarchy relevant in the modern world or should it be ______?
A. abolished B. deleted C. eliminated D. eradicated
15. They have ______ a clause in the contract which says the company can make people redundant for
economic reasons.
A. eliminated B. deleted C. eradicated D. abolished
16. The police have ______ two suspects from their investigation.
A. eradicated B. abolished C. eliminated D. erased
17. Over the past six years, we have ______ a whole range of direct taxes.
A. deleted B. eliminated C. erased D. abolished
18. The email was accidentally ______.
A. eradicated B. deleted C. abolished D. eliminated
19. He wants a convincing victory to ______ doubts about his team’s ability to reach the World Cup
finals.
A. erase B. abolish C. eradicate D. eliminate
20. The advice often given is to dip heavily populated rocks in boiling water to ______ the pest.
A. delete B. eradicate C. erase D. abolish
220. Ý THỨC, NHẬN THỨC
perception [C, U] một quan điểm/một niềm a campaign to change

• 220.
1. insights 2. understanding 3. conceptions 4. awareness 5. perception
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A
12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. B
• REVIEW 1
1. B 2.D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B
11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. A
21. C 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. C
• REVIEW 2
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. C
21. D 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C
• REVIEW 3
1. C 2. A 3. C 4.B 5.D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. A
21. D 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. C
• REVIEW 4
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B
11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D
21. A 22. B 23. C
• REVIEW 5
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. B
21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A
• REVIEW 6
1. C 2. B 3. A 4.C 5.D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C
11. B 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A
21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. B
31. D 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. B
41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D
51. B 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. A 56. D 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. B
61. C 62. A 63. C 64. D 65. B 66. A 67. D 68. B 69. C 70. A
71. C 72. D 73. B 74. C 75. C 76. D 77. A 78. B 79. C 80. D
81. A 82. C 83. A 84. B 85. D 86. B 87. A 88. C 89. D 90. A
91. B 92. C 93. D 94. A 95. C 96. B 97. C 98. D 99. A 100. B
REVIEW 1
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the blanks.
Choosing a career is a big deal. You will spend a significant amount of your life at work, so to enjoy
your job, remain motivated, and fulfil your potential, you need to make your career (1) ______ wisely.
You first need to know yourself.
This means taking stock of your skills and assessing your interests and values. It is important to
understand your range of skills and knowledge, so you can see if they are a good fit for the job you would
like to do. Being aware of the skills you have also helps to highlight any gaps that may need to be filled
to (2) ______ your goals. Make a list of all your transferable and specialist skills, with examples of when
you have (3) ______ each. An honest assessment of your skills, values and interests will prove useful

when narrowing down your options in the next step. You can also see where you measure up in terms of
the skills employers are (4) ______. Consider where you are now, where you want to be and how you are
going to get there when it comes to fulfilling your career aspirations. If choosing a career has left you
feeling lost, start by asking yourself these questions: What am I good at? What are my interests,
motivations, and values? What kind of lifestyle do I want? What is important to me? If you are struggling
to (5) ______ your strengths, weaknesses, and character traits, taking practice psychometric tests could
bring them to light. By the end of this step, you will have identified the sort of jobs that will suit you but
will not yet have enough information to make a decision on which to pursue.
(Adapted from https://www.prospects.ac.uk/)
1. A. selections B. choices C. alternatives D. elections
2. A. gain B. acquire C. obtain D. achieve
3. A. demonstrated B. verified C. validated D. established
4. A. pursuing B. looking for C. finding D. discovering
5. A. confirm B. decide C. identify D. determine
6. He achieved his ambition to become a press photographer.
A. abandoned B. fulfilled C. limited D. restrained
7. We’re seeking for alternative materials which might bring the cost down.
A. setting off B. providing for C. looking for D. caring for
8. The castle was ruined when dynamite was used to demolish one of the corner towers.
A. damaged B. approached C. defended D. captured
9. Six theatre companies have been selected to take part in this year’s festival.
A. run B. supported C. backed D. chosen
10. I think these sales forecasts are unrealistic, considering how slow sales are at present.
A. proceeds B. predictions C. agreements D. contracts
11. They have just returned from faraway places with wonderful stories to tell.
A. distant B. hiding C. suitable D. ideal
12. He had injured his left hand and was typing one-handed.
A. squeezed B. raised C. hurt D. lifted
13. He tried to simulate surprise at the news.
A. hide B. pretend C. express D. register
14. He cited a lack of funds as the main reason for his decision.
A. cause B. instruction C. proposal D. inequality
15. A single mother and her children have been evicted from their home for not paying their rent for a
few months.
A. distinguished B. established C. ejected D. constrained
16. A new law was passed to make divorce easier and simpler.
A. norm B. perception C. emotion D. regulation
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
17. I think you should find guidance from your lawyer on this matter.
A B C D
18. Campaigners are fighting to store a historical building.
A B C D
19. The single market is designed to delete barriers to the free movement of goods, services, and
A B C D
people.
20. They every want to study in the UK, so they are trying their best to learn English.
A B C D


21. His whole life seemed to be ______ by fear.
A. reigned B. managed C. ruled D. headed
22. His company ______ the market for operating system software.
A. dominates B. rules C. manages D. reigns
23. Men can draw a(n) ______ from the age of sixty-five.
A. income B. pension C. wage D. stipend
24. The centre offers a ______ of leisure activities.
A. genre B. variety C. type D. category
25. I had to go to the bathroom so bad that I had nearly ______ my pants by the time I made it home.
A. watered B. moistened C. wet D. dripped
REVIEW 2
Recently we have been coming across quite a few songs that may sound like standard pop on the
surface but are pretty deep underneath. Perhaps Adele's “To Be Loved" should be placed in
that (1) ______. The lyrics are not only poetic but to some extent vague. This thus leads to the potential
of varying interpretations. However, what it all seems to lead to is the singer being the type of person
who is predisposed towards guarding her heart and soul. In other words, she’s wise enough to know that
if you get deeply involved with the wrong type of lover or associate, the emotional consequences can
be (2) ______. But at the same time, she concludes that she cannot live life without taking such risks.
Now considering that the album this song is derived from was inspired by her recent divorce, the
logical implication would be that Adele is primarily speaking to that situation. (3) ______, 'yeah, she took
bad turns’, i.e., made questionable decisions, in terms of whom she gave her trust to. But now ‘looking
back, she doesn't regret a thing’. Or put differently, it can also be said that she is the type of individual
who is ready to learn and grow even if it proves to be a (4) ______ process. Also, in some cases, i.e., her
relationship with the addressee, she is accordingly willing to sacrifice her own (5) ______ comfort and
ethics even in the name of 'being loved'.
Therefore, another way of looking at this tirade is as Adele’s way of saying that she did in fact give
her all to the marriage. Like she really "tried", but at the end of the day the implication is that her main
goal, which was "to be loved" by the addressee, was not (6) ______.
1. A. variety B. form C. category D. diversity
2. A. devastating B. fatal C. deadly D. lethal
3. A. In other words B. In short C. In addition D. For instance
4. A. ached B. painful C. injured D. scarred
5. A. single B. separate C. personal D. individual
6. A. realized B. acquired C. obtained D. gained
7. Language barriers hindered communication between scientists.
A. impeded B. relaxed C. engaged D. proposed
8. A small number of users are experiencing connectivity issues.
A. recognition B. instruction C. problems D. application
9. He was incapable of governing the country, so he was forced to resign.
A. adapting B. ruling C. entertaining D. confusing
10. His work provides important insight into language use.
A. proposal B. heritage C. understanding D. major
11. This disease has been eradicated from the world.
A. eliminated B. damaged C. depleted D. destroyed
12. The stone will blend with the environment and integrate into the landscape.

A. bury B. combine C. broaden D. confide

13. The cottage is in the area that is remote from the usual tourist routes.
A. crowded B. degraded C. complicated D. isolated
14. The book describes his sporting career and gives little information about his personal life.
A. breath-taking B. private C. eligible D. exotic
15. Around fifteen thousand spectators came to watch the thrills and spills.
A. onlookers B. experts C. learners D. caretakers
16. A true leader takes responsibility for their team and helps them achieve goals.
A. duty B. instruction C. enrolment D. engagement
17. It was a hot sunny day, but luckily their seats for the game were in the shadow.
A B C D
18. The firm is in the envious position of having a full order book.
A B C D
19. She was released from school, after teachers said she would be a ‘bad
A B C
influence' on the other girls.
D
20. A subdirectory filled with precious data can be abolished if you are not careful.
A B C D
21. They waited for the group to decide rather than making private decisions.
A B C D
22. A double room with a balcony overlooking the sea has been preserved for him.
A B C D
23. Their website features a large ______ of photographs.
A. election B. alternative C. selection D. option
24. It turns out that a large proportion of the abilities fall under the ______ of emotional intelligence.
A. category B. genre C. form D. variety
25. Unable to tell his wife that he's lost his job as an accountant, he ______ to go to work when really he
spends the day drifting through London.
A. simulates B. imitates C. pretends D. poses
26. Just as I had finished ______ these messages, I received another incoming call.
A. abolishing B. deleting C. eradicating D. eliminating
27. He was such a bad pilot, having trouble ______ and landing the aircraft, that they would not let him
rent the plane without a rental company employee to accompany him!
A. heading B. ruling C. dominating D. controlling
28. The hospital’s front gate was closed, and a sign said patients and employees were ______ from
leaving and no items used in the building could be removed.
A. hindered B. barred C. deterred D. blocked
29. Universities have to provide student ______ for first-year students.
A. accommodation B. house C. household D. home
30. His first anniversary was ______ when thieves broke into his shop and removed goods valued at
around £18,000.
A. demolished B. defaced C. ruined D. disfigured
REVIEW 3

Learning is all about change, and change drives learning. The two are inevitable and go hand in
glove. Change imposes gaps between what is and what is going to be, or between what was and what is
now. Change (1) ______ opportunities and imposes demands. In the workforce and other areas of life,
change raises questions about readiness to take advantage of opportunities or to face demands for
different (2) ______ of behaving and interacting and more demanding goals to achieve. Learning can
bring about change by creating new capabilities and opening the door to new and unexpected
opportunities. As such, learning is risky. It upsets the status quo, raising ambiguities and (3) ______. It
also has the potential to empower a person to influence the future, providing choices that would not be
available otherwise.
Change and learning (4) ______ throughout our lives. Indeed, we spend our early lives in
educational settings that give us life skills, but ultimately prepare us for a career. The question is whether
we also learn how to learn so that we are prepared to face change and create positive change for ourselves
and others. Adaptive learners are prepared to make incremental changes. Generative learners are ready
for transformational change. They (5) ______ new ideas and skills, experiment with new behaviours, and
set challenging goals for themselves that bring them to new ideal states. Transformative learners have the
skills to confront and create frame-breaking change. For them, change is the process of recognizing gaps,
setting goals, establishing a learning plan, and (6) ______ motivation for carrying out the plan to achieve
the goals.
1. A. makes B. produces C. creates D. fabricates
2. A. ways B. means C. techniques D. approaches
3. A. disbelief B. suspicions C. uncertainties D. mistrust
4. A. strike B. occur C. enter D. suggest
5. A. request B. beg C. invite D. seek
6. A. maintaining B. storing C. reserving D. conserving
7. This company manufactures wool and cotton clothing in standardized sizes.
A. mends B. dries C. produces D. changes
8. The society was set up to save endangered and rare species from extinction.
A. preserve B. survive C. grow D. live
9. Last year saw the band accomplish major music career milestones, including a Super Bowl halftime
performance and the release of a greatest hits compilation, The Highlights.
A. celebrate B. mark C. research D. achieve
10. Over the course of the pandemic, elderly people have tended to suffer far more serious consequences
from COVID-19 than children have.
A. old B. sustainable C. degraded D. natural
11. His theories have generated a great deal of interest among other scientists.
A. attracted B. created C. lost D. expressed
12. The company may be forced to lower prices in order to stay competitive.
A. reduce B. develop C. exchange D. change
13. Collins has been looking for work for 18 months now.
A. declining B. interfering C. seeking D. proposing
14. Two hours had passed and still nothing had happened.
A. majored B. occurred C. maintained D. contributed
15. The case was dismissed for lack of evidence.
A. entertainment B. abundance C. dearth D. affluence
16. Householders may be charged for the removal of non-recyclable rubbish.
A. garbage B. nonsense C. heritage D. infection

17. The company has done a poor job of conserving its computer network.
A B C D
18. Any newspaper would pay big money to get the interior story on her marriage.
A B C D
19. The machine is too big to be empirical for most private homes.
A B C D
20. The central bank is likely to rise interest rates in the next two months in response to domestic
A B C
inflation topping 5%.
D
21. Even though the university system grew rapidly, demand for places in some subjects began
A B C
to outdo supply.
D
22. They are hoping to ______ pay for workers with similar jobs.
A. match B. equalize C. level D. balance
23. She had no ______ but to break the law.
A. selection B. election C. range D. alternative
24. Four people were seriously ______ in the explosion.
A. wounded B. pained C. ached D. sprained
25. The amount of money a country spends on health care does positively correlate with increased
______.
A. longevity B. lifetime C. permanence D. continuance
26. That afternoon, the prime minister was presented with a royal letter ______ him and ordering him to
leave the country immediately.
A. evicting B. dismissing C. ejecting D. releasing
27. We need to develop an online shopping application and ______ it into our website.
A. combine B. unite C. integrate D. merge
REVIEW 4
1. The company has disclosed that it will be laying off thousands of workers later this year.
A. revealed B. kept C. attained D. acquired
2. I don’t know why she was so critical of me tonight - it’s like she was trying to pick a quarrel or
something.
A. ambition B. reputation C. row D. verification
3. The trial will evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.
A. destroy B. maximize C. enhance D. assess
4. The gunmen paused only to cut the wires to the house, then vanished into the countryside.
A. provided B. disappeared C. continued D. required
5. Inside is a computerized device that looks like a small turtle.
A. resembles B. offers C. assembles D. matters
6. The head of the department was severely reprimanded for failing to report computer thefts.
A. gathered B. suggested C. rebuked D. deceived
7. He didn't realize his ambition of becoming a dancer because he lost a leg in a motorcycle accident.
A. recognize B. achieve C. identify D. succeed
8. I don't really want a bigger house - I’m satisfied with what I’ve got.
A. pleased B. detailed C. complicated D. amazed
9. We can infer from the archaeological evidence that there was slavery in the region.

A. offer B. export C. present D. deduce

10. He endured five years as a prisoner of war.
A. implied B. suffered C. imported D. generated
11. He's one of the most ardent supporters of the administration's policy.
A. half-hearted B. discouraging C. passionate D. deceptive
12. A mental disease is a health problem that significantly affects how a person feels, thinks,
A B C
behaves, and interacts with other people.
D
13. She is being lifted bodily by a policeman, easily, for she is obese and frail.
A B C D
14. In this period, there were 974 outbreaks of communicative disease attributed
A B C D
to the consumption of raw milk.
15. The affordable housing issue, along with trouble finding child-rearing, leaves
A B
families in the safehouse far longer than before.
C D
16. She is very creative - she really enjoys doing new dishes by combining
A B C
unusual ingredients.
D
17. An angel was ______ precariously on top of the Christmas tree.
A. matching B. balancing C. levelling D. equalizing
18. His kind words ______ her sadness.
A. dissolved B. vanished C. evaporated D. faded
19. The department provides a(n) ______ atmosphere for research.
A. compatible B. adaptable C. congenial D. appropriate
20. There was no danger of ______ the infection through operations.
A. transforming B. converting C. transiting D. transmitting
21. He has always found it hard to express his ______.
A. emotions B. dispositions C. moods D. tempers
22. A working woman needs to organize her life to ______ her professional and family life.
A. match B. balance C. equalize D. level
23. Drivers on the M25 are likely to ______ fog and black ice tonight.
A. survive B. overcome C. encounter D. suffer
REVIEW 5
Many people experience stress or anxiety before an exam. In fact, a little nervousness can actually
help you perform your best. (1) ______, when this distress becomes so excessive that it interferes with
performance on an exam, it is known as test anxiety. What does it feel like to experience test anxiety?
You paid attention in class, took detailed notes, read every chapter, and even attended extra study
sessions after class, so you should do great on that big exam, right? When the test is presented, however,
you find yourself so (2) ______ that you blank out the answers to even the easiest questions. If this
experience sounds familiar, then you might be experiencing test anxiety.

Test anxiety is a psychological condition in which people experience extreme distress and anxiety in
testing situations. In situations where the pressure is on and where a good performance counts, people
can become so (3) ______ that they are unable to do their best.
The severity of test anxiety can vary (4) ______ from one person to another. Some people might feel
like they have "butterflies" in their stomach and while others might find it very difficult to concentrate on
the exam.
While test anxiety can be very stressful for students who experience it, many people do not realize
that is quite common. Nervousness and anxiety are perfectly (5) ______ reactions to stress. For some
people, however, this fear can
become so intense that it interferes with their (6) ______ to perform well.
(https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-test-anxiety-2795368)
1. A. In addition B. However C. Accordingly D. Thus
2. A. nervous B. bothered C. stressed-out D. concerned
3. A. stressed-out B. concerned C. anxious D. bothered
4. A. considerably B. slightly C. consequently D. lightly
5. A. habitual B. customary C. conventional D. normal
6. A. likelihood B. possibility C. ability D. prospect
7. There is a low probability that he will be chosen.
A. pretext B. error C. likelihood D. reason
8. It was something of a hollow victory - she won the case but lost all her savings in legal fees.
A. empty B. vacant C. unoccupied D. insincere
9. Few creatures can thrive on these barren mountaintops.
A. complex B. infertile C. brilliant D. bright
10. Thanks to the deal, he earned a lot of money and became a very wealthy man.
A. successful B. impoverished C. rich D. flourishing
11. I think a lot of people who are drawn to witchcraft sometimes will get a tattoo or mark themselves in
some way to denote a rite of passage or an experience.
A. indicate B. exchange C. manufacture D. create
12. The emails were presented as evidence of his involvement in the fraud.
A. creativity B. generation C. proof D. influence
13. In a prosperous country like the United States, no one should go hungry.
A. beneficial B. impoverished C. influential D. flourishing
14. I'm not sure it’s worth the upheaval of moving to gain just a little more space.
A. intervention B. interference C. disruption D. emotion
15. The model results were subsequently certified experimentally, and others are readily testable.
A B C D
16. In the first 24 hours after childbearing, it rapidly drops back down to normal levels.
A B C D
17. He died at home after a long disease.
A B C D
18. Almost any bladed or sharply pointed article is potentially a fatal weapon.
A B C D
19. Higher risk people might develop a stronger and more permanent voice in shaping popular attitudes
A
towards communicative disease and public health.
B C D


20. His stepmother ______ him for his mistakes. Initially, Jack would reply sharply, but each time he felt
the sting of his stepmother’s ringed hand on his cheek, he sank further into silence.
A. complimented B. berated C. praised D. condemned
21. I’ve always believed emotion is good for painting, but I'm afraid I'm not in the best ______ to create
anything today.
A. mood B. spirit C. temper D. disposition
22. Would I be ______ if I came along with you to the party?
A. trespassing B. invading C. intruding D. encroaching
23. Designed by Thomas ahead of a demonstration in Adelaide in 1971, the flag has since become a(n)
______ for Aboriginal Australians and is often seen flying from government buildings.
A. banner B. slogan C. motto D. emblem
24. The club ______ people of all abilities and age groups to come along.
A. salute B. welcomes C. bows D. greets
25. In Hong Kong, a person is defined as underemployed when he or she is ______ to work less than 35
hours a week.
A. hired B. leased C. rented D. chartered
REVIEW 6
1. Laura had ______ to inform me that the company was having financial problems.
A. omitted B. overlooked C. neglected D. ignored
2. We had a long and difficult ______ across the mountains.
A. excursion B. journey C. picnic D. voyage
3. His political ______ ended when he was found to have been accepting bribes.
A. career B. work C. occupation D. profession
4. Their ______ goal is to promote healthy growth and development
A. last B. eventual C. ultimate D. final
5. Most travel agents are prepared to ______ travel arrangements to meet individual requirements.
A. correct B. adjust C. adapt D. tailor
6. I ______ from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident.
A. implied B. denoted C. inferred D. referred
7. In hot weather, the most important thing to do is ______ water.
A. preserve B. conserve C. maintain D. reserve
8. Officials are looking to ______ successful ideas from other cities.
A. emulate B. copy C. counterfeit D. mimic
9. She accused the government of trampling on the needs and rights of the ______ citizen.
A. customary B. normal C. usual D. ordinary
10. He escaped a ban in 2010 despite leaving an accident ______ after crashing.
A. scenery B. landscape C. scene D. sight
11. When David was little, his grandmother used to ______ him a bedtime story every night.
A. speak B. tell C. talk D. say
12. Her popularity as a singer has ______ since the glory days of the 1980s.
A. reduced B. declined C. depleted D. diminished
13. The novel vividly ______ the life of the Irish in Australia.
A. remembers B. evokes C. reminisces D. reminds
14. Mr John Brown was a ______ in the car when it crashed.
A. client B. customer C. passenger D. guest
15. They are already battling to ______ illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.
A. eliminate B. remove C. delete D. eradicate
16. Linda ______ a group of people standing on the bank of a river.
A. glared B. glimpsed C. glanced D. stared

17. I ______ my old high school teacher from the photograph.

A. recognized B. realized C. acknowledged D. accredited
18. Companies are ______ by law to carry out regular safety checks.
A. constrained B. compelled C. obliged D. impelled
19. The pyramids are an eloquent ______ to the ancient Egyptians' engineering skills.
A. proof B. evidence C. warrant D. testimony
20. The bank will insist you produce a driving ______ or passport as a form of ID.
A. licence B. degree C. certificate D. diploma
21. Some of the household products that ______ hazardous chemicals are oven cleaners, toilet-bowl
cleaners, etc.
A. consist of B. comprise C. contain D. include
22. We walked along the ______ for five miles.
A. sea B. seaside C. ocean D. coast
23. I'm a bit ______ about the arrangements for tonight - what time are we meeting?
A. embarrassed B. confused C. puzzled D. baffled
24. For seeds to germinate, you need to keep the growing ______ damp but not too wet.
A. ground B. land C. soil D. earth
25. The play follows the ______ story of the couple whose daughter has an extreme form of Asperger's
syndrome.
A. true B. correct C. exact D. precise
26. John was ______ from school for bad behavior towards his teachers.
A. released B. dismissed C. ejected D. expelled
27. Laura is attractive, of ______ build, with blue eyes.
A. skinny B. slim C. fragile D. slight
28. We don't ______ them only in bricklaying, but also in other building techniques.
A. coach B. train C. educate D. teach
29. She has a(n) ______ memory and can remember details and names that I've long forgotten.
A. weird B. peculiar C. extraordinary D. bizarre
30. Children who have suffered like this should see a(n) ______ experienced in bereavement.
A. lawyer B. counsellor C. advisor D. solicitor
31. Smoking and drinking ______ with your body's ability to process oxygen.
A. intervene B. intercede C. interrupt D. interfere
32. The average national weekly ______ is about $120.
A. pension B. salary C. wage D. income
33. The school has decided to adopt a different ______ to discipline.
A. approach B. method C. technique D. way
34. Symptoms may not appear for some weeks, so ______ can be difficult.
A. prediction B. estimation C. diagnosis D. forecast
35. Existing users can ______ from the previous version free of charge.
A. renovate B. upgrade C. renew D. update
36. Our airline is now a serious ______ to many of the bigger companies.
A. enemy B. opponent C. competitor D. rival
37. The illness is common in newborn ______ and is easily treated.
A. toddlers B. babies C. infants D. children
38. In 1989 the ______ of coffee fell so low that in many countries it did not even cover the ______ of
production.
A. cost-price B. value-worth C. worth-value D. price-cost
39. I've just met Linda in the hairdresser's and the new hairstyle really ______ her.
A. fits B. matches C. suits D. goes with
40. The seasoning really brings out the ______ of the meat.

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Từ cùng trường nghĩa trong Tiếng Anh – Trang Anh – Quỳnh Trang

210 ủy ban commission - committee 201-220

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triển của một việc khác

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Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.

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nhận rằng bạn có quyền làm điều gì

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11. Parents are _______ by law to send their children to school.

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writing quite severely

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- Her enthusiasm dissolved his

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8. She omitted/overlooked to inform the authorities of their visit.

Circle the word which best fits the sentence.

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A. individual B. single C. private D. personal

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A. interceded B. intervened C. interrupted D. interfered

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3. Humans are mortal/deadly, and we all eventually die.

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gì: hướng dẫn provided.

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/'indɪkeɪt/ đúng và tồn tại crime indicates a decline in moral

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độ đơn giản nhất: cơ bản pretty basic.

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employment for thousands of people.

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6. They organized an especial/extraordinary meeting of shareholders to discuss the burning issue.

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1. He booked/enrolled in a glass-making degree course at London's Royal College of Art.

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19. Her popularity ______ its peak in the late 2000s.

A. take place B. arise C. turn out D. occur

61. ĐIỀU CHỈNH, SỬA ĐỔI

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/'enəmi/ (n) ai/điều gì with few political enemies.

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