CRITICAL BOOK REPORT

MK: Pendidikan Bilingual

SKOR NILAI :

INTEGRATED ENGLISH ( Tim Dosen Fip Unimed 2020 )

Integrated Basic English for Islamic College ( Tien Rafida, 2017 )

Disusun Oleh :

Nama : Zalfah Sallsah Billah

NIM : 1191111053
Kelas : C Reguler 2019
Dosen Pengampu : Dody Felix Pandimun Abrt, S.Pd., M.Hum

PROGRAM S1 PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR

FAKULTAS ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
2020
 FOREWORD

Praise be to the presence of God Almighty who has given me health graces and
opportunities. So that I can compile and complete the CBR (Critical Book Review) task. I
present this writing in a concise and simple manner according to my abilities, and this task is
arranged in order to fulfill one of the CBR assignments in the English course. And on this
occasion I would like to thank Mr. Dody Felix Pandimun Abrt, S.Pd., M.Hum as a lecturer in
English who gave this assignment to me.
I really hope that this critical book review can be useful for readers to find out the
contents of the book and the weaknesses and strengths of the book. I am also fully aware that in
my critical book review, there are many shortcomings and it is far from perfect. Therefore, I
hope that there will be criticisms, suggestions and suggestions for improving the critical book
that I make in the future.

Medan. Okt 2020

Penyusun
Zalfah Sallsah Billah
( 1191111053 )

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD.....................................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION......................................................................................1
a. Rationalizationof the Importance of CBR................................................................................1

b. Objectivesof CBR Writing......................................................................................................1

c. Benefits of CBR......................................................................................................................1

d. Book Identity ..........................................................................................................................1

CHAPTER II ; BOOK SUMMARY...........................................................................................3

a. Book 1.....................................................................................................................................3

b. Book 2....................................................................................................................................24

CHAPTER III: DISCUSSION........................................................................................41

..............................................................................................................................................

a. Book Strengths.............................................................................................................41
........................................................................................................................................

CHAPTER IV: CLOSING..............................................................................................42

a. Conclusion....................................................................................................................42

b. Suggestions...................................................................................................................42
BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................................................43

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iii
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Rationalization (Background) Importance of CBR

Language is our means of communicating between one person and another. Without
language, we cannot be relied on by the people around us. Suppose there are English people
who come to Indonesia, but we Indonesians don't understand English. That's why the person
cannot communicate with the English person.

In this advanced globalization era, the importance of speaking English is very much
needed. Therefore, English education is mandatory for the education department from SD to
tertiary institutions throughout Indonesia. However, often mistakes in the learning method
make students think that English is difficult.

With this assumption, the writer is interested in making it easy to speak English in
demand by everyone. Therefore, the author makes a book review on how to effectively build
practical, dialogue, and club meetings.

B. Purpose

- To complete the BILINGUAL course assignments

- Improve students' abilities in summarizing, analyzing, and comparing and providing

criticism on a book based on existing facts.

- Increase writers and readers' insights on how to effectively build practical conversations,
dialogues, and club meetings ..

C. Benefits

- Hone student creativity in analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of books.

- Make readers better understand how the professional concept of a person by profession in
education.

D. Identity of the Book being reviewed

 BOOK 1

Book Title : Integrated English

Edition :-

Author : Naeklan Simbolon

Eva Betty Simanjuntak

Mariati Purnama Simanjuntak

Kristina Gloria Simanjuntak

Janner Simarmata

Publisher : Jayapangus Press

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 City of Publication : Denpasar-Bali

Year of publication : 2018

ISBN : 978-602-63015-4-4

 BOOK 2

Book Title : Integrated Basic English for Islamic College

Edition :-

Author : Tien Rafida

Publisher : Perdana Publishing

City of Publication : Medan

Year of publication : 2017

ISBN : 978-602-6462-36-7

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 CHAPTER II
SUMMARY OF CONTENTS OF THE BOOK

 BOOK I

UNIT 1 : TO BE : INTRODUCTION
To be (am, are, is, was, were) that exists or is, but in the Indonesian language to be
generally is not translated. To be is used as a link between Subject and Predicate. The predicate
of a sentence can consist of :

Subject To be Predicate

I Am A teacher
We Are In the class
You Are Happy
He Is A student
She Is Pretty
It Is A bag
He Was Born in Parapat
They Were In Siantar yesterday

LISTENING
Exercise 1
Listen to dialogue from the video and then complete the missing sentences
from the dialogue!
In the beautiful afternoon, there are two girls set near the park. They are Jenni and
Mega. Both of them are new friend, after that come a girl. She is Ayu and she is
Jenni’s friend.
Ayu : Hey Jenni, are .................. long ?
Jenni : Oh, I am not. ................ Come here!
Ayu : Hmm, thank you Jenni
Jenni : Oh yeah, ........................, She is Mega
Ayu : Hi Mega, ................ I am Ayu
Mega : Oh hi Ayu, nice to meet you too
Ayu : Is ........................? I never see her.
Jenni : No. She is my new friend. .........................
Mega : Yes Ayu, I am ............................. my grandmother.
SPEAKING
Study these conversation then practise the conversation with your friend.
Conversation 1
Rini : Hello! I am Rini. What is your name?
Renta : My name is Renta. I am from Balige.
Rini : Where do you live?
Renta : I live at Jalan Turi number 9 Medan. And where
do you live?
Rini : I live at Jalan Yos Sudarso number 21 Medan. So

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How old are you now?
Renta : I am twinty years old.
READING
Read this text carefully and answer the questions:
My Visit to the Garden Centre
Hi, my name’s Rita. This is how I spent my day during the last holiday. Well, during the holiday
my family and I went to the Garden Centre to buy some plants and seeds for the garden. It was a
very sunny day ehen we set off in the car. When we arrived we had to find a place to park as the
car park was packed full of cars. We managed to find a place eventually but it was a tight
squeeze and we had to be careful opening the car door in case we banged the other cars. Next we
went to look the store. We went to look for some seeds first and we bought some peas, carrot and
lettuce packets. After that we went to look at the check out, before finding our car and driving
home. I really enjoyed our trip out especially when dad said we could buy an ice cream from the
van in the car park. It was great.
WRITING
NARRATIVE
Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find the
resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the narrative mode, the
set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration.
The purpose of narrative text
The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a
story.
Generic Structures of Narrative Text

1. Orientation

Sets the scene: where and when the story happened and introduces the participants of the
story: who and what is involved in the story.

2. Complication

Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the crisis (climax) of the main
participants.

3. Resolution

The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy ending or in a sad (tragic) ending.

4. Re-orientation/Coda

`This is a closing remark to the story and it is optional. It consists

UNIT 2 : SUBJECT PRONOUN, POSSESIVE ADJECTIVE, NOUN, VERB,

ADVERB STANDARD COMPETENCE
Use subject pronoun, adjective, nouns, verbs, and adverb as part of the English sentence.
INDICATOR Understand the usage subject pronouns, adjective, nouns, verbs, and adverb and
use it properly in a sentence. CONTEXT Every english sentence has subject pronoun, adjective,
noun, verb, and adverb as its element. Be it on the present, past, or future time. It is important to

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use the proper element as we develop our argument and delineate them in conveying our true
meaning whether it is asking about information or giving the information.

LEARNING MATERIAL
1. SUBJECT PRONOUN
Usage: As a personal pronoun, that is the pronoun to a subject of the sentences. A
"subject"is a person or thing that do some actions, which shown in the following predicate of
the subject as a verb clause. Used with a nominative-accusative aligment pattern. Consist of I,
you, he, she, it, we, they, what,and who. Followed by the object pronoun: me, you, him, her,
it, us, them, what, whom.
example:
 They give us gifts to celebrate Christmas
 They called us to inform the party is canceled just before we arrived at the station.
2. POSSESIVE ADJECTIVE
Usage: -A possesive adjective is used to describe a describe a word which mean is to
qualify a noun or noun phrase by giving ownership information of an object.
- It implies a definiteness of possession, which before the object (noun)

Person/Subject Possessive Adjective I We You They She He It My Our

Your Their Her His Its
Person/Sub Possessive
Example: ject Adjective
I My
We Our
- I lost my pen. I need to buy a new one. My sister and I are very close. We always do things
You Your
They Their
She Her
He His
It Its

together.
3. NOUN
Usage:
1. The noun is used to name a specific thing or group of things, including but not limited to
places, objects, creatures, states.
2. It functions as the head of a noun phrase and commonly used to show an object of the
sesesentence. There are five kinds of noun:
Proper noun shows the name of people, places. It is written in capital case in
sentemces. For example: Daniel, lidia, Bandung.
Commom noun shows the name of common thing.

Material noun shows the name of element of thing used in creating

another thing.

Colletive noun shows the collections of thing or people.

Abstract noun shows the noun that change from verb, adjective, and

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 also noun itself.
4. VERB

Usage:

Usage verb is used to show the actions which performed by the subject in a sentences.

It will confirm the tense's formation used in a sentence.

5. ADVERB

Usage:

An adverb is used as modifier of a verb, adjective, or another

adverb. It shows something like manner, place, time, or
level of certainty.
An adverb cannot be put after a noun.
Commonly adverbs can be identified by the 'ly' at the end of an adjective, but there are
some adverbs which do not end with the 'ly'format.
UNIT 3 : TO BE: YES/NO QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWER, POSSESSIVE NOUNS
Possessive nouns are nouns that show ownership or possession. Normally these words would be
a singular or plural noun, but in the possessive form they are used as adjectives to modify
another a noun or pronoun.

1. NOUN
The noun has two forms:
1. Concrete Noun.
Tangible nouns can be seen and touched. Examples: Richard (name of person); man (person);
Surabaya (name of city); gold; table; iron; etc.
2. Abstract Noun.
Intangible nouns can not be seen, or touched but can be imagined. Examples: wisdom;
happiness; wealth; life; friendship; faith; etc.
There are 4 types of Concrete Noun:
1. Proper Noun
The noun preceded by a capital letter is the name. People's names, cities, countries, schools,
companies, and other place names. Examples: Nani; Ratna; Surabaya; Tokyo; Amerika;
Airlangga University; Coca Cola; etc.
2. Common Noun
Common nouns or regular nouns. examples: Lisa; Renty; Jakarta; Tokyo; Amerika; Airlangga
University; Coca Cola; etc
3. Material Noun – Noun consists of Raw Materials (Standard Materials)
Nouns derived from mining and other raw materials. Examples: gold, paint, silver, oil, etc.
4. Collective Noun
A noun consisting in the form of a collection. Examples: crowd; division; class; flet; cattle;
parliament; etc.
Nomina Posesif (Possessive Noun) And The Apostrophe
We form a possessive noun by using the apostrophe and a noun.

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(a) We use the apostrophe s (‘s) for singular nouns.
Usage Practice:
The boy’s sister Mary’s necklace
The cat’s paw Eddie’s bicycle
The lady’s purse Fanny’s uncle
(b) For compound word we use the apostrophe s (‘s).
Usage Practice:
Bridegroom’s suit parents in-law’s house
Lord Mayor’s office Commander-in Chief’s
papers
Police Inspector’s order Somebody else’s
mistakes
(c) For Plural nouns not ending in ‘s’, we add the apostrophe s.
Usage Practice:
Children’s toy womans’s dresses
Policeman’s parade Commander-in chief’s
paper’s
Men’s shirt Somebody else’s mistakes
(d) For Plural nouns ending in ‘s’, we use only the apostrophe.
Usage Practice:
The boys’ catapult The browns’ house
The bridesmaids’ dresses The Wilsons’ garden

(e) We use the apostrophe s (‘s’) for any figure or letter that canstand by
itself.
Usage Practice:
You must mind your p’s and q’s
The three R’s should be taught to every child
Your 3’s look like 8’s
(f) We do not ude the apostrophe for inanimate objects. Instead we use
the possessive ‘of’.
Usage Practice:
The branches of the tree the pages of the book
The legs of the chair the keys of the piano
The leaves of the plant the pedals of the bicycle

(g) However, we do use the apostrophe in certain expression involving

time and quantity and certain idiomatic expression.
Usage Practice:
An hour’s delay A dollar’s worth
Two weeks’ leave in harm’s way
Yesterday’s paper at my wits’ end

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h) We can also use the apostrophe for inanimate objects that are one of a
kind.
Usage Practice:
The sun’s heat The law’s way
The moon’s shadow The earth’s origin
The planet’s orbit The rainbow’s pot of
gold

UNIT 4 : PREPOSITION THERE IS/ THERE ARE, SINGULAR/ PLURAL:

INTRODUCTION
Preposition may appear in the form of a word or wording. As a single preposition word is often
used as another part. Study the examples below:
Prepositions Adjective Adjective
1. The next house is his.
1. She was sitting next (to) you.
2. A ball is round.
2. He ran round the corner of the
house.

Prepositions Adjective

1. He came after me
1. He entered the hospital on
2. I climbed up the mountain Monday and died three days
after.
2. When we heard the airplane
coming we looked up.

Preposition Adjective
No one would think of it but me. I went home but he stayed.

The relationship of a preposition to a word preceding it in a sentence, perhaps with adjective,

noun, or verb.
The examples:
With Adjective : afraid of, angry with, full of, famous for familiar with, different from.
With Noun : arrival at, combination with, co-operation with.
With Verb : agree to, ask for, believe in, buy from, borrow from, compare with, deal with,
decide on, depend on.
How to use and examples in the sentence:

1. ABOUT

What about her? I told her about the accident. He‟ll see me about five o‟clock in the
afternoon He looked about him, but he didn‟t see anything

2. AFTER
I am named after my grandfather He will leave after dinner

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3. AGAINTS

There is rebellion in the country against the government. The children may not trhow the
ball against the wall

4. AT

She is at home now I live at 80 Jl. Rajawali

5. BETWEEN

it weight between five and six kilograms.

6. BY

I know him by name only. The book is by Agatha Christie. The garden size is fifteen by
thirty feet. Are they paid by the week or by the month?

7. FOR

This bag is for you

8. FROM

Study from afternoon till night

9. IN

We lived in the twentieth century

10. INTO

He run into the class

11. ON

The book is on the table

12. TO

“A happy Birth Day to you!”

13. WITH

I shot the snake with a gun

14. OF

I enjoy stories of the film

Preposition + Noun
In disguise Within an hour
By bus/ car Around the world
From somebody Beneath the ladder
Out of pity Through the door
On lease Within hearing

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At the top Beside somebody
Over somebody Between the two
Among the people Along the road
Round the town Without effort
To a place Under cultivation
Off the ground With ease
For long Over an object
Behind the house Towards evening
Below the surface Beyond the hill
Above water About somebody

UNIT 5 : SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE AND PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

Simple Present Tense

Simple Present tense is a form of the verb most commonly used in the English language, which
is used to reveal the factual events and habitual, general or not general, instructs, or plan of
schedule.
The pattern of Simple Present Tense:
(+) S + V I + (S/ES)
(-) S + DO/DOES + NOT + V I
(?) DO/DOES + S + V I
Examples:

1. (+) Father reads a news paper

(- ) Father doesn‟t read a news paper
(?) Does father read a news paper?
Yes, he does/ No he doesn‟t

2. (+) Mother cooks rice

(- ) Mother doesn‟t cook rice
(?) Does mother cook rice?
Yes, she doesn‟t/No she doesn‟t
The pattern for Nominal sentence:
(+) S+TO BE+ (NOUN, ADJ , ADV)
(-) S+TO BE+NOT+ (NOUN, ADJ, ADV)
(+) TO BE +S+NOT+ (NOUN, ADJ, ADV)

Examples:

1. (+) they are students

(-) they are not students
(?) Are they students?
Yes, they are/No, they are not

2. (+) she is beautiful

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 (-) she is not beautiful
(?) Is she beautiful?
Yes, she is/No, she isn‟t
Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense is a form stating the time of an event or on going event and finished in
the present.
The pattern of Present Continuous tense:
(+) S+ TOBE + V ING
(-) S + TO BE + NOT + V ING
(?) TO BE + S + V ING
Examples:
1. (+) Father is talking on the phone at present
(-) Father isn‟t talking on the phone at present
(?) Is father talking on the phone at present?
Yes, he is/No, he isn‟t

2. (+) Dennis is repairing a car at the present

(-) Dennis isn‟t repairing a car at the present
(?) Is Dennis repairing a car at present?
Yes, he is/No, he isn‟t
The pattern for Nominal sentence:
(+) S+ TOBE + (NOUN, ADJ, ADV)
(-) S + TO BE + NOT + (NOUN, ADJ, ADV)
(?) TO BE + S + (NOUN, ADJ, ADV)
Examples:
1. (+) I am happy now
(-) I am not happy now
(?) Are you happy now?
Yes, I am are/No, I am aren‟t

2. (+) He is very sad at present

(-) He isn‟t sad at present
(?) Is he sad at present?
Yes, he is/No, he isn‟t

Verbs that can not be used in Present Continuous:

1. Verbs about feelings, such as: hear, feel, notice, observe, see, smell.

2. Verbs that express emotion, such as: appreciate, care, desire, fear, hate, like, dislike, love,
mind, want.

3. Verbs of the mind, such as: agree, disagree, expect, forget, remember, know, mean,
understand dan lain-lain.

4. Verbs that show belonging or possession, such as: belong, owe, posses, own.

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 5. Verb noun, except be and have in special use.

Description of time that is often used in the form of Present Continuous Tense,
among others:

 Now

 At present

 This moment

 Right now

 Today

 This afternoon

 This morning

UNIT 6 : SIMPLE PAST TENSE AND PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense is very simple because just want to explain just the events or activities that
occurred in the past.
The pattern of Simple Past Tense:
(+) S + V II
(-) S + DID + NOT + V I
(?) DID + S + V I
Examples:

1. (+) Father reads a news paper

(- ) Father doesn‟t read a news paper
(?) Does father read a news paper?
Yes, he does/ No he doesn‟t

2. (+) Mother cooks rice

(- ) Mother doesn‟t cook rice
(?) Does mother cook rice?
Yes, she doesn‟t/No she doesn‟t
The pattern for Nominal sentence:
We/You/They + were + not verb
I/He/She/It + was + not verb

Examples :
1. (+) We were enjoy the show last nigh.
(-) We weren‟t enjoy the show last nigh.
(?) Were you enjoy the show last nigh?
Yes, we were/No, we weren‟t.

2. (+) He was angry to that boy.

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 (-) He wasn‟t angry to that boy.
(?) Was he angry to that boy?
Yes, he is/No, he isn‟t.
The Using of Simple Past Tense:

1. To declare events or deeds in the past at any given time, is now over.

- She washed two hours ago

- I went to the town hall last year

2. Declare habits done in the past, now or not done anymore.

- I never cheated

She always hurt me

3. Declares that an event or action is clearly done in the past, although the time is not
mentioned.

- Olivia fed her pets

The train was 20 minute late

4. Using in Conditional type – 2

- If I had very beautiful face, I would be an actress

If I were you, I wouldn‟t make a relationship with her.

The information of time often used in Simple Past Tense are:
- Yesterday
- Last Night
- Last Week
- Two days ago
- The days before
- Last Month
The Simple Past Tense can be used to show that an
action is completed. Note that some past tense verbs
and with „ed‟ while some past tense verbs do not end
with „ed‟.

Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense is used to reveal that an action is occurring at a certain time in the past.
There are usually two incidents in the past and one event interrupting another. The interrupted
incident that uses the past continuous tense.
The pattern of Past Continuous Tense:
(+) S+ TO BE (WAS/WERE) + V ING
(-) S + TO BE (WAS/WERE) + NOT + V ING
(?) TO BE (WAS/WERE)+ S + V ING

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Examples:

1. (+) I was listening to the music when you knocked at my door.

(-) I wasn‟t listening to the music when you knocked at my door.
(?) Was you listening to the music when I knocked at your door?
Yes, you was/No, you wasn‟t.

2. (+) That man was smoking when he carried the baby.

(-) That man wasn‟t smoking when he carried the baby.
(?) Was that man smoking when he carried the baby?
Yes he was/No he wasn‟t.
UNIT 7 : SIMPLE PAST TENSE AND PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense is a tense used to describe an activity that has been done at this time,
called perfect because the activity has happened or has completed perfectly at this time or
present. For this reason, it can be said that the present perfect tense is a combined time form of
the past and the present. But of course attachment to the present is much moreemphasized.
Present perfect tense is usually used in everyday dialogue, correspondence, and news in
newspapers, radio and television.
Example :
I have studied Geography since 6 o‟clock in the morning.
This means that the subject has performed the action / activity in the
past and within a certain time, i.e from 6 am. In addition, subjects may
still perform such activities until the present or in the unknown time.
The pattern of Present Perfect Tense:
(+) Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3
(-) Subject + Have not/Has not + Verb 3
(?) Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3

The examples:

1. (+) Nanda has just given up his scholarship.

(-) Nanda has not just given up his scholarship.
(?) Has Nanda just given up his scholarship?
Yes, she has / No, she hasn‟t

2. (+) They have graduated high school this year.

(-) They have not graduated high school this year.
(?) Have they graduated high school this year?
Yes, they have / No, they haven‟t
The Present perfect has various information phrases to explain things that have been done in the
past and are still related to the present. Some phrases related to the use of present perfect tense
are: Just, this morning / afternoon / week / etc., lately / recently, for, and since. But without a
hint of any time, the present perfect tense can still be used.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

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Present Perfect Continuous Tense is a tense form used to express activities that have started in
the past and still continue today, as well as those that have ended in the past anyway.
example:
Faranisa has been writing the novel since she was in her twenties and at last it finished.
Actions in the present perfect continuous tense generally have certain duration of time
and of course still have a relationship with the current condition. Therefore, in the use of present
perfect continuous tense usually come the use of phrases that state a certain time which refers to
how long the action or action has taken place.
The pattern of Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) Subject + have/ has + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + have/ has + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Have/ has + Subject + been + Verb-ing
The example:

1. (+) I have been studying in this university since three years ago.
(-) I have not been studying in this university three years ago.
(?) Have you been studying in this university three years ago?
Yes, I have been / No, I have not been.

2. (+) My uncle has been teaching in this school since last year.
(-) My uncle has not been teaching in this school since last year.
(?) Has your uncle been teaching in this school since last year?
Yes, he has been / No, he has not been.
The function of Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

1. Using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense to declare an action (long-term) that started in
the past and just finished.
The examples:

- You are out of breath. Have you been running?

- That man over there is bright red. I think he has been sunbathing.

- Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

- I have been talking to Jimmy about your problem and he said he will help you.

2. Using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense to ask or state how long something has
happened. This time the incident or situation started in the past and still happens or has just
stopped.
The examples:

- How long have you been learning English?

- They have been waiting here for over an hour.

- I have been watching television since 2 o‟clock.

- Zayn has not been feeling very well recently.

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 3. In addition, the Present Perfect Continuous Tense can use (with the words 'how long', 'for',
and 'since') for repeated actions or activities.
The examples:

- She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

- How long have you been smoking?

- They have not been visiting me since last Monday yet.

- I have been waiting my friend in the cafe for 2 hours, but she didn‟t come untill now.

UNIT 8 : PAST PERFECT TENSE AND PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense is a form of time that indicates a similar action or activity that begins before
the time the subject spoke in the past, and still lasts in a certain past or has stalled at a certain
time. In addition, the past perfect tense can be used to show actions or activities that stop doing
before the time the subject speaks.
Example : They had worked in American Cruise for ten years; then they retired
and married. Their children now at school.
If the present perfect tense form uses phrases since and for to show certain actions
or activities that began in the past and are still in the present or just finished. Thus,
the characteristic of the past perfect tense is the phrase added plus the third verb
form (verb3). And Had can be used for singular or plural subject.
The pattern of Past Perfect Tense:
(+) Subject + Had + Verb 3
(-) Subject + Had not+ Verb 3
(?) Had + Subject + Verb 3
The functions of Past Perfect Tense:

 Expresses one past time before another past time.

Ex: The thieves had already left when the police arrived.

 Denotes time completed in relation to the past.

Ex: He had done his assignment before he went to bed.

 Is used in that clause after wish.

Ex: I wished that I had accompanied her to the zoo.

 If two actions happened in the past, it may be necessary to show which action happened
earlier than the other. The past perfect tense is mainly used in such situation. The simple past
is used in one clause and the past perfect in the other.

Ex: When I reached the station, the train had started (so I couldn‟t get into the train).
Note:
If two actions happened in the past, it may be necessary to show which action

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 happened earlier than the other. The past perfect tense is mainly used in such
situations. The simple past is used in one clause and the past perfect in the other.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is a tense that shows an activity that has occurred in the past
and is still going on at certain times in the past as well. Past perfect continous tense, in addition
to expressing actions or activities that have begun in the past can also be used to indicate actions
or activities that continue in the past.

Example: When Tia finished her homework, Tejo had been watching television.

In the above sentence it is clear that the activities carried out by Tejo's subject are still ongoing
although the activities done by Tia's subject have been completed in the past.

The pattern of Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

(+) Subject + had + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing
The examples:

 Gilda had been trying to do the best.

 Roger and Iko had been cooking for their mother.

 Didu had not been moving the furniture to the his new apartment.

 They had not been staying up late, so the bunglar stole everything.

 Had Gunawan been working in Garuda Indonesia Airlines after he finished his study?

From the above examples, the past perfect continous tense can be used to assert an action
or activity performed continuously or repeatedly in the past by a particular subject. Consider the
first sentence; the subject of Gilda is trying to do the best continuously.
It can be concluded that the difference between past perfect tense and past perfect
continuous tense lies have continuity in actions or activities undertaken. In the past perfect
continuos tense the action is most likely to continue after the time the subject spoke in the past.
But in the past perfect tense, action may occur at a time adjacent to the subject's time of speech,
but there is usually a considerable distance between the two times (the time of the tenses with the
subject's speaking time).

UNIT 9 : FUTURE TENSE: TO BE GOING TO AND FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Simple Future Tense / To Be Going To
Simple future tense explains or states actions or activities to be performed by the subject in the
future or in the future. Or a tense that declares an activity that happens in the future (will come)
or still a plan.

17
Example: I will meet you tomorrow morning. In addition, simple future tense can also be used to
show promises made to be implemented in the future.
Example : I shall help you with the project next week. Simple future tense is usually marked
with the word „Will or Shall‟ which means "will". Then is there any difference in using „Will
and Shall‟? A simple explanation of the difference between „Will and Shall‟ use is, „Shall‟ is
used in Subject I and We, while „Will‟ can be used for all subjects. Another way to use Simple
future tense is to use „To be + going to‟. „To be + going to‟ is usually used for actions or
activities that have been planned or intended previously. In addition, „To be + going to‟ is also
used to express our assumption that something is about to happen. Therefore, a simple future
tense form with „To be + going to‟ most likely the action or activity will be executed or done
immediately. Please note, in Simple Future Tense with the pattern „to be + going to‟ will use the
form to be from present tense.
The pattern of Simple Future Tense:
(+) Subject + will/shall / to be + going to + Verb-1
(-) Subject + will/shall / to be + not + going to + Verb-1
(?) Will/shall /to be + Subject + going to + Verb-1
Examples :
1. (+) I am going to go to the book store at three O‟clock.
(-) I am not going to go to the book store at three O‟clock.
(?) Am I going to go to the book store at three O‟clock?
Yes, I am / No, I am not.

2. (+) I will go to Kalimantan next week.

(-) I Will not go to Kalimantan next week.
(?) Will you go to Kalimantan next week?
Yes, I will / No, I will not.
It is also important to remember that there is little difference in verbal and
nominal sentences in a simple future tense, the difference being that in the
nominal sentence there is no Verb or Verb, after the word “Will” is added
with the word “Be”.
Sentences in Context
Will Be Going to

 I will finish my homework in  I‟m going to finish my homework in an

hour.
an hour.
 I‟m going to take a few days off.
 I will give you the money
 We‟re going to visit my parents at the
back next week. weekend.
 I‟m going to eat a whole watermelon.
 I think it will rain tomorrow.
 She‟s going to eat a whole
 There‟s no way that we will watermelon.
lose the game.

 You will meet a tall, dark,

handsome stranger.

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Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense is a form of time or tense used to express actions or activities that are
expected to occur in the future. Future continuous tense is characterized by the use of the word
"Will + be" and followed by an ending -ing or "V-ing" verb. Consider the following sample
continuous tense sentences:
Example : The students will be sitting in the classroom on Monday. In addition, future
continuous tense can also be used to indicate that an activity or action is a common thing done or
done repeatedly, and is expected to happen again in the future.
The pattern of Future Continuous Tense:
(+) Subject + will/shall + be + V-ing
(-) Subject + will/shall + not + be + V-ing
(?) Will/shall + Subject + be + V-ing
The examples:

1. (+) I will be visiting your house when I finish my homework at 1 p.m.

(-) I will not be visiting your house when I finish my homework at 1 p.m.
(?) Will I be visiting your house when I finish my homework at 1 p.m.?
Yes, you will / No, you will not.

2. (+) Ziggy will be studying English Literature in Cambridge University next year.
(-) Ziggy will not be studying English Literature in Cambridge University next year.
(?) Will Ziggy be studying English Literature In Cambridge University next year?
Yes, he will / No he will not.
UNIT 10 : FUTURE PERFECT TENSE AND FUTURE PERFECT COUNTINUOUS
TENSE
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Future Perfect Tense is a tense that serves to declare an action or activity that will have been
completed done in the future.
The pattern of Future Perfect Tense:
(+) Subject + will + have + Verb-3
(-) Subject + will + not + have + Verb-3
(?) Will + Subject + have + Verb-3
The Examples:

1. (+) I will have found a good job by the end of this month.
(-) I will not have found a good job by the end of this month.
(?) Will you have found a good job by the end of this month?
Yes, I will / No I will not.

2. (+) She will have gone anywee by the end of this week.
(-) She will not have gone anywhere by the end of this week.
(?) Will she have gone anywhereby th end of this week?
Yes, she will / No, she will not.
In addition to the above sentence pattern, there is also a sentence pattern for the following
nominal sentence:

19
 (+) Subject + will + have + Noun/ adjective/ adverb
(-) Subject + will + not + have + Noun/ adjective/ adverb
(?) Will + Subject + have + Noun/ adjective/ adverb
The examples:
(+) I will have been a manager next year.
(-) They will not have been at school this evening.
(?) Will you have been busy at the end of this week?
Future Perfect Tense can also be used to declare something that will have been completed or
will happen before something or other activity happens in the future.

There are some information that can be used in the sentence of Future Perfect
Tense as follows:
By the time, By the end of …, For, Next month, Next year, Tonight, Tomorrow,
This afternoon, This evening, By next year, By next month.
The examples:

 I will have cooked for dinner by the time you arrive home.

 Before you come, they will not have watched the movie.

 Will we have gone to Australia by the time the girl comes here?

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Perfect Continuous Tense is a tense that serves to declare an action or activity that
has been done and there is a possibility to continue in the future. So, future perfect continuous
tense is a series of actions that occur before a certain time in the future.
The pattern of Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) Subject + will + have + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + will + not + have + been + Verb-ing
(?) Will + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing
The examples:

1. (+) They will have been watching a movie at this time tomorrow.
(-) They will not have been watching a movie at this time tomorrow.
(?) Will they have been watching a movie at this time tomorrow?
Yes, they will / No, they will not

2. (+) He will have been doing his examination on Monday afternoon.

(-) He will have been not doing his examination on Monday afternoon.
(?) Will he have been doing his examination on Monday afternoon?
In addition to the above sentence pattern which is a verbal sentence, there is also a sentence
pattern for the nominal sentence in the Future Perfect Continuous Tense as follows:
(+) Subject + will + have + been + Noun/ adjective/ adverb
(-) Subject + will + not + have + been + Noun/ adjective/ adverb
(?) Will + Subject + have + been + Noun/ adjective/ adverb
The Examples:

20
(+) I will have been being a teacher by the end of this year.
(-) He will have been being a student in this university next month.
(?) Will they have been being my friends when I study in this university?
There is some time statements commonly used in the Future Perfect Tense sentence
as follows:
There is some time statements commonly used in the Future Perfect
Tensecsentence as follows: For …, For a week, For two years, By the end of …,
By …, By tomorrow, At this time …, At this time tomorrow, When, Before, This
year / month / week, Next year / month / week.
If you are confused between Future Perfect Tense and Future Perfect Continuous Tense, here is
an example of the difference.
Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Donna will have done her school project by Donna will have been doing her school project for
the end of this year. four months by the end of this year.
(= Donna’s school project will be finished by (= Donna’s school project is on going to be
the end of this year) finished and by the end of this year she will
still be doing it)

UNIT 11 : WH QUESTION WORDS

Question Words
We use question words to ask certain types of questions (question words). We often refer to them
as WH question words because they include the letters WH (for example: Why, How).
WH- Questions allow a speaker to find out more information about topics.
They are as follow:
- When? Time
- Where? Place
- Who? Person
- Why? Reason
- How? Manner
- What? Object/Idea/Action
Other words can also be used to inquire about specific information:
- Which (one)? Choice of alternatives
- Whose? Possession
- Whom? Person (objective formal)
- How much? Price, amount (non-count)
- How many? Quantity (count)
- How long? Duration
- How often? Frequency
- How far? Distance
- What kind (of)? Description
The “grammar” used with wh- questions depends the topic being asked about is the “subject” or
“predicate” of a sentence. For the subject pattern, simply replace the person or thing being asked
about with the appropriate wh-word.

21
- (Someone has my baseball.) Who has my baseball?
- (Something is bothering you.) What is bothering you?
For the predicate pattern, wh- question formation depends on weather there is an “auxiliary” verb
in the original sentence. Auxiliary or “helping” verb are verbs that precede main verbs. Auxiliary
verbs are italicized in the following sentences.
- I can do it.
- They are leaving.
- I have eaten my lunch.
- I should have finished my homework.
To make a question using the predicate pattern, first form a yes/no question by inverting the
subject and (first) auxiliary verb. Then, add the appropriate wh-word to beginning of the
sentence.
- (You will leave some time) ?will you leave
When will you leave?
- (He is doing something.) ? is he doing
What is he doing?
- (They have been somewhere.) ?have they been
Where have they been ?
If there is no auxiliary and the verb is “be,” invert the subject and verb, then add
the appropriate wh-word to the beginning of the sentence.
(He is someone) ? is he
Who is he?
(The meeting was some time) ? was the meeting
When was the meeting?
If there is no auxiliary and the verb is not “be,” add do to the beginning of the
sentences. Then add the appropriate wh-question word. Be sure to “transfer” the
tense and number from the main verb to the word do.
(You want something.) ? do you want
What do you want?
(You went somewhere.) ? did you go (past tense)
Where did you go?
(She likes something) ? does she like (third person-s)
What does she like?
HOW is used to describe the manner that something is done. (= I want to know the way)
How do you cook lasagna?

 How does he know the answer?

 How can I learn English quickly?

With HOW there are a number of other expressions that are used in questions:
How much – refers to a quantity or a price (uncountable nouns)

 How much time do you have to finish the test?

22
 How much is the jacket on display in the window?

 How much money will I need?

How many – refers to a quantity (countable nouns)

 How many days are there in April?

 How many people live in this city?

 How many brothers and sister do you have?

How often – refers to frequency

 How often do you visit your grandmother?

 How often does she study?

 How often are you sick?

How far – refers to distance

 How far is the university from your house?

 How far is the bus stop from here?

UNIT 12 : PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather
than the person or object that performs the action. In other words, the most important thing or
person becomes the subject of the sentence.
Passive voice is formed by using the verb to be + past participle. The by phrase is used if
we want to emphasize the agent. If there are two objects in active voice, it is more usual to take
the personal object as the subject of the passive voice.
The pattern of Passive voice :
Subject + to be + Verb-3
Subject + to be + being + Verb-3

Tense Passive Voice

Simple present
Present continuous tense
Simple past
Past continuous tense
Future tense
Present perfect tense
Past perfect tense
Modal
The examples:
Active Sentense
My mother gave me some money.
I give him a book for his birthday.
Marry is helping John.
is/am/are + V-3
is/am/are + being + V-3
was/were + V-3
was/were + being + V-3
will/shall/would/should +
be +V-3
have/has + been + V-3
had + been + V-3
modal + be + V-3
Passive Sentense
I was given some money.
She was given a book for his birthday.
John is being helped by Mary.

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 Someone sent her a cheque for a She was sent a cheque for a thousand
thousand euros. euros.
If we want to show the person or thing doing the action we can use by:
 She was attacked by a dangerous dog.
 The money was stolen by her husband

 BOOK 2

PARTS OF SPEECH

In a sentence, a word may play one of eight parts, it may be either:

A. NOUN

B. VERB

C. ADJECTIVE

D. PRONOUN

E. ADVERB

F. PREPOSITION

G. CONJUNCTION

H. INTERJECTION

A. NOUN

Nouns are word that name persons, animals, place or things. Example: An old fisherman who had
no luck hooked a huge fish that pulled hit boat far out to sea.

 · Fisherman : a person
 · Luck : a thing
 · Fish : an animal
 · Boat : a thing
 · Sea : a place

There are 4 (four) types of concrete nouns, namely:

1. Proper Noun (personal name)

Name of person, name of city, name of country, name of school, name of company.

For example: Salsa, Medan, Singapore, UIN-SU Medan Indonesia, Indosiar.

Salsa speaks English fluently, (fluently, fluently)

His parents live in Medan.

Singapure is the member of ASEAN, (member)

2. Common Noun (common noun / ordinary noun)

For example: book, aeroplane, teacher, mountain.

24
 Alpin bought two books last night.

His mother is a teacher.

Fathur went to Lombok by an aeroplane.

3. Collective Noun (collective noun / noun that has meaning of group)

For example: Parliament (parliament),

class (class, group of students),

flock (group cow / bird).

The flock of cows are grazing in the field now (grazing).

The students are in the classroom now.

a. Abstract Noun:

Abstract nouns are nouns that are formless, not can be seen and cannot be held, but can be
imagined.

Example:

life (life), happiness (happiness), friendship (friendship), friendship is more important than
anything.

- Everybody always struggles for their better life.

- Each person dreams happiness

Abstract Nouns can be made or formed from verbs (verbs), adjective (adjective), and
from noun (noun).

1. Abstract Noun which is formed from Verbs (verb)

How to change a verb to an Abstract Noun
a) Adding the suffix - ment, to the verb. For example:
- Agree agreement agree / consent
- argue argument to argue / debate
- Arrange Arrangement Arrange / Arrange
- develop development develop / development
- measure measuremen measure / measure
b) Adding the suffix - ion, and tion, to the verb. For example:
- act action acts / acts
- adopt adoption. adoption
- connect connection connect / connection
- collect collection collect / collection
- confuse confusion confused
c) Adding to work. the suffix --ation, ition, and cation, at For example:
- admire admiration doubt / admiration
- compose composition composed / composition

25
 - compete competition compete / competition
- expectation expectation
- repeat repetition repeat / repetition
- apply application apply / larraran
- Classify classification classify / classify
d) Adding the suffix -ance, and ence, to the verb. For example:
- appear appearance appear / appearance
- attendance attendance attendance
- enter Entrance enter / entrance
- confide confidence entrust / trust
B. VERBS (VERBS)
Verb is the main word in the predicate is the called verb. Example: The temperature
dropped rapidly. Verb (verb) is a word that expresses an action or action. Words that perform
actions, such as jump, cry, work, run, and swim.
Now you look at the following diagram!
1. Transitive verb, Full verbs / Ordinary verb
2. Intransitive verbs, Auxiliary / Helping Verb
Full Verbs / ordinary verbs or regular verbs (full): the sum immense or infinite because
the verb is always adding up. There are two kinds of Full Verbs / Ordinary verbs, namely.
a. Transitive Verbs, namely verbs that require an object or complementary. For example:
They eat some apples everyday. (They eat apples every day). He bought a new dictionary
yesterday. (He bought a new dictionary yesterday). The vocabulary in italics above is a
complement or object.
b. Intransitive Verbs, namely verbs that do not require object or complement. For example:
1) Women sleep.
2) The babies cry.
3) Birds fly.
C. ADJECTIVES (ADJECTIVES)
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun. Example: Beautiful girl (The
adjective is beautiful modifies of girl (noun).
Adjective is an adjective. Adjectives describe nouns. For example: The book is new. (The
book is new, not an old book, or something) The sheep is white. (The lamb is white, not the
color

another.) There are six (6) types of adjectives, namely:

1. Adjectives of Quality: Words that show the quality of the word thing or pronoun. For
example:

A brave boy A brave boy.

A beautiful girl. A beautiful girl.

A careful worker. A careful worker.

A black horse A black horse.

26
 2. Adjectives of Quantity: A word that indicates how much something is the intended
object, for example: how many, or how much. In here we will meet definite and
indefinite articles For example:

Fathur has some marbles. (Fathur has several mounds)

I eat two mangoes. (I eat two mangoes)

They ate much bread. (They eat a lot of bread)

She didn't eat any meat. (He doesn't eat any meat)

3. Possessive Adjectives: Words that denote belonging. For example:

My books are blue.

Your pens are brown.

Our pencils are yellow.

Her ribbon is red.

4. Interrogative Adjectives: Words commonly used in sentences asked. For example:

What book is that? Which pen do you like?

Which man did you see?

5. Demonstrative Adjectives: Words that show / point out.

What is meant in the Demonstrative Adjective is: this, that, these, those.

Consider the following example sentences!

This book is mine, (this = this, describes the book), this book is not another book.

That house is very big. (that = it, describes the house), that house is nothing else.

Those rulers are theirs. The rulers that belonged to him they are nothing else.

6. Distributive Adjectives: words that limit nouns, and are used one by one, its nature
alone or in separate parts. For example:

Each, every, either, or.neither.

Consider the following example sentences!

Each one of the two boys gained a prize. Everyone (each) from the two children (boys)
it gets a prize.

Every one of the boys has got an apple. Each child of the group the boy (boy) got an
apple.

Neither book is good. There is no single good book.

D. PRONOUN (PRONOUNS)

Pronouns or pronouns, which are words that serve to replace people or goods / things.
There are 9 kinds of pronouns, namely:

27
 1. Personal Pronouns

2. Possessive Pronoun

3. Reflexive Pronoun

4. Emphatic Pronoun

5. Demonstrative Pronouns

6. Relative Pronouns

7. Interrogative Pronouns

8. Indefinite Pronoun

9. Distributive Pronouns

1. Personal Pronouns (Personal Pronouns)

Let's take a look at the following Personal Pronoun example!

I first person singular.

You is the second person pronoun.

We are plural first-person pronouns.

They

She

He

It's

Third person plural. (they are) third person singular. (She is a girl) third person single.
(he's male) thing. All the Pronouns (I, you, we, he, she, they) function as subjects. Meanwhile,
the Personal Pronoun apart from being used as Subject, can also be used as Possessive,
Object, Reflexive and Emphatic.

2. Possessive Pronoun (possessive pronoun)

Possessive pronoun is used to express belonging. Possessive Pronouns are not the same
as a possessive adjective. Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun

- This is my book. This is mine.

- Is it your book? That's yours.

- Our car is new. This car is ours.

- Their house is very big. That house is theirs.

- Those are her books. Those are hers.

- His car is repaired. This car is his.

3. Reflexive Pronoun (Reflection Pronouns)

28
 Pronoun reflective describes that the person who does something against itself.

- I hurt myself.

- He hurt himself.

- She hit herself.

- They hit themselves.

- We love ourselves.

- Rini loves herself.

4. Demonstrative Pronouns (Indicator pronouns)

Including the pronouns that indicate this, that, these, those, the former, the latter, and
such.

Now pay attention to their usage in sentences! Examples:

a. This is my book. This is my book.

b. That is his car. That's the car. (Male)

c. These are their rulers. Here are their rulers.

d. Those are her books. That's the books (girl)

What Salsa can't tell you what happened.

I don't know what he said that

This is the pen that I bought in Columbus.

This is the car that he painted last month.

5. Interrogative Pronouns (Questioner's Pronouns)

Including the Interrogative Pronouns are who, whose, which, whom, and what.
Interrogative Pronouns are used to create or propose a question. For example:

- Who are you?

- Who gave you a new pen?

- Whose car is that?

- Whose books are these?

- Which one do you like?

- Which is your motorcycle?

6. Indefinite Pronoun (Indefinite Pronouns)

Indefinite Pronoun is an indefinite pronoun. Pronouns This indeterminate does not have
an antecedent (word or part of the sentence which precedes the substitute word). Including
this indefinite pronoun is all, some, any, something, nobody, one, and everybody

29
E. ADVERBS (DESCRIPTION)

Adverb is an adverb used to describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. There are six
adverbs (6) types, namely:

1. Adverbs of Time, e.g. now, always, soon, often, etc.

2. Adverbs of Place, e.g .: here, there, outside, etc.

3. Adverbs of Manner, e.g. well, easily, badly.

4. Adverb of Degree, e.g .: almost, very, too, quite, etc.

5. Negation and Affirmation (rejection / deny), e.g .: no, yes, not.

6. Interrogation, e.g. when, where, why, etc.

TO BE
To be there are 5 (five), namely is, am, are, was, and were.

1. Positive Statement
Subject To be Name / noun Contractions
I Am Fathur (I'm Fathur)
You Are a student (You're ...)
We Are Students (We're ...)
They Are Students (They're ...)
She Is an artist (She's ...)
He Is a teacher (He's ...)
It Is a table (It's ...)
Note: Contraction means abbreviated / concatenated, for example: He is ... being He's ... and so
on).

2. Negative Statement
Subject To be + n o t Name / Noun Contractions
I am not Fathur (I'm not Fathur)
You are not a student (You're not ...)

Subject To be + n o t Name / Noun Contractions

She is not an artist (She's not ...)
He Is not a teacher (He's not ...
It Is not a table (It's not ...)

3. Interrogative / question
To be Subliect Name / Noun
Am I a student?
Are you a student?
Are We students?
Are They students?
Is She a student?

30
Is He a student?
Is It a table?
After to be it is usually followed by a noun (Noun) as well can be followed by an
adjective. My father is a lawyer. Fathur, teacher, and lawyer are examples of nouns I'm fine. She
is beautiful. Kurnia is sick. Fathur is happy. Alpin is tall. She is glad. Fine, beautiful, sick, happy,
tall and glad are adjectives.
SENTENCE

1. Simple

A sentence must have a subject and a verb, of called predicate. In the following
sentences, the subject has one line under it, the verb (predicate) has two. Example: Tiara
cried. This is simple sentences. Each one contains a subject and a verb. Either the subject or
the verb, or both, may be compound. Something that is compound has two or more parts. The
following sentences have compound parts.

Compound subject: Rima and Riri smiled.

Compound verb: Rima smiled and laughed.

Compound subject and verb: Rima and Riri smiled and laughed.

2. Compound Sentences

The part of a compound sentences are often joined together by, and, but, or, nor. These
“joining words” are called coordinating conjunctions. When two sentences are joined to
make a compound sentence, the two main parts can stand by themselves as complete
sentences, they are called independent clauses. Example: The ball rang and the student
quicqly.

3. Complex sentences
Like a compound sentences, a complex sentences, has two or more clauses can not stand
by itself as a sentence. Note the following example:

If Paula calls give her my message.

(The first clause : if Paula calls (subordinate clause).

(The second clause: give her my message (independent clause). The first clause cannot
function alone a sentences. Although it has both a subject and a verb it need something to
complete the thought. It is a subordinate clause. The second clause can standby itself. It is an
independent clause.

Subordinate clause.

After, Although, As, Because, Before, How, If, Since, Than, Though, Till, Unless, When,
While, Why.

INTRUDUCTION ONESELF AND OTHERS

Dialogue

31
Hendri: Hello! Good morning. I'm Hendri. I'm a new worker in this office.

Fathur: Good morning. My name is Fathur. I'm the office leader.

Hendri: How do you do? I'm happy to meet you.

Fathur: How do you do? I'm happy to meet you, too.

Hendri: Who is the office principle?

Fathur: Mrs. Dedek.

Hendri: Thank you, Fathur.

"How do you do?" to Fathur. "How do you do?" this sentence was pronounced to ask
people who are new to us for the first time know or meet. The phrase I'm happy to meet you is
used for expressed his joy in meeting someone. Expression the same I'm happy to meet you
which is added with the word too which has understanding too.

Reading Exercise

His name is Hendri. He is from Pematangsiantar. He is a student and he live on street

Pancing,

Medan. He is not married. He is single. He is my friend. He is very good.

Questions

1. What's his name?

2. Where is he from?

3. What does he study?

4. Whom does he live with?

5. How does he feel now?

STATES OF BEING / FEELING

Dialogue

Dedek: Hi, Fathur. You look so miserable. How does he feel?

Faauzi: I feel tired! How about you?

Dedek: No, I'm not tired, but I'm sleepy.

How do you feel? Is an expression used to ask someone's feelings. Phrases like: "I feel
tired." "I'm not tired, "and" I'm sleepy, "is a person's physical and psychological feelings.

How do you feel?

How does she feel?

How does he feel?

Is he sleepy?

Is she depressed?

32
Are you hungry?

Are you thirsty?

Dialogue

Hendri: Dedek, you look very busy. Do you have a lot of work to do?

Dedek: Yes, I've been very busy for a couple of days.

Hendri: Are you tired?

Dedek: No, I'm not tired, I am excited.

The following are the phrases used for ask someone's psychological or physical feelings.

1. I feel tired.
2. We are tired.
3. They are tired.
4. I feel sleepy.
5. I feel hungry.
6. I feel sad.

TENSE
A form of a verb that is used to show when an action happened. Expressing Present
Time: The Simple Present
Daily actifities
1. I always wake up at 04.00 o'clock in the morning
2. I wake up at 04.00 o'clock in the morning every day.
3. I usually wake up at 04.00 o'clock in the morning.
Always or usually is an adverb called frequency adverbs. This frequency adverbs or
adverbs of frequency has the following frequency levels:
100% always and 0% never
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Seldom
Rarely
The use of frequency adverbs, for example:
I usually eat breakfast
I seldom eat breakfast
I never eat breakfast
Dialogue
Teacher: Tell me about your daily activities from the time you get
up until 06.00 in the morning
Student: I always get up at 05.00 o'clock.
Teacher : And then ?

33
Student : I take a bath and pray
Teacher : What do you usually do after praying ?
Student : I put on my clothes, and I eat breakfast
Teacher : Do you always eat breakfast ?
Student : Yes, I do
Teacher : What do you usually have eat breakfast ?
Student : Bread and cheese, and a glass of milk. Sometimes I have
chicken porridge or fried rice.
Teacher : What do you do after breakfast
Student : I go to school at 06.00 o’clock.
Teacher : How do you usually go to school ?
Student : By Public transportation.
Teacher : do you often come to school late ?
Student : Sometimes. I sometimes come to school late.

True →He does not work False → He does not work

True → Annisa does not Sleep False → Annisa does not sleeps
Right → Does my son work? Wrong → Does my son works?
Correct → Does She study? False → Does she studies?
Correct → Does he sleep? False → Does he sleeps?
When the verb ends with the letters sh, ch ss, or x then we need to add ice to the words.
wash → washes
catch → cathes
pass → passes
fix → fixes
If the verb ends in the consonant + y, change it "Y" becomes: i ", and then add ice as in
the words:
study → studies
try →tries
Now we explain our daily activities by making sentences using the frequency adverb for
example:
eat breakfast → I usually eat breakfast
I never eat breakfast
I always eat breakfast
The five sentences of this question are called yes / no question because they are necessary
answer "yes" or "no".
Positive answer. Negative answer
1. Does your mother wash Yes, she does No, she doesn't
the dishes too
2. Does your helper wash the Yes, she does No, she doesn't
clothes, too
3. Does your mother work, Salsa Yes, she does No, she doesn't
4. Does she clean the house in Yes, she does No, she doesn't

34
the morning
5. Do you help your mother to Yes, I do No, I don’t
do the house Work

Expressing Present Time : The Present Progressive

1. He always gets up at 05.00 o’clock
2. He takes a bath and prays
3. He puts on his clothes and he eats breakfast
4. He goes to school at 06.00 o’clock
5. She usually gets up at 04.30 in the morning, goes the bathroom,
and then prays
6. She goes to the kitchen, and prepares breakfast for her family
7. Sometimes she cooks fried rice, omelet, shrimp, chip, and sliced tomatoes
and cucumber
8. She takes a bath, puts on her clothes and eat breakfast
9. She usually leaves for the office at 5.30
10. She goes to the office by bus
The simple present tense can be changed to the Present continius form tense. After
getting up, he always tekes a bath and prays. It is 5:15 am in the morning now, therefore is taking
a bath or he is praying now. After praying, he puts on his clothes, and he eats breakfast. It is
05.30 in the morning at the moment. Perhaps he is putting on his clothes or he is eating
breakfast. The time information used is right now, at the moment, or at the present time. The
verb used to confirm that the job is being done is ve + ver + ing (is, am, are plus the -ing form
verb).

Expressing Past Time: The Simple Past

The simple past is used to talk about activities or activities carried out in the past, yesterday, last
night, this morning, or two days ago.
Example:

a. It is 5.00 p.m. and Mr. Reza is in the living room. Mr. Reza is sitting on the sofa. He is
watching the evening news on TV. He watches the evening news every day, but he did not
watch it yesterday because he worked overtime. He arrived home late at night. Mr. Reza
always drinks a cup of tea in the evening. He is drinking a cup of tea now. He drank two cups
of tea yesterday evening. Sometimes, he has fried banana with the tea. Yesterday, he ate
pieces of fried banana.

b. "He worked evertime": "he arrived home late at night." Second sentence it uses the second
form of the verb or the past tense with the ending -ed after the verb. Third sentence: "He
drank two cups of tea yesterday evening." Has a verb the second form or the past tense form

c. which does not end with -ed after the verb. These words include irregular verbs., We can
study it on the irregular list of verbs.

35
 Expressing Future Time : Will or be going to

1. I will get up at 4.00 o’clock tomorrow morning

2. I am going to get up at 4.00 o’clock tomorrow morning

3. She will go to school by bus tomorrow

4. She is going to go to school by bus tomorrow

5. They will play football after school tomorrow

6. They are going to play football after school tomorrow

Be in be going to mean to be / will. So be that referred to here is is, am, or are. Be going
to can be going to, am going to, or are going to depending on the given subject. Adverb word or
phrase that is commonly used to express future time is:

Tomorrow :

- Afternoon

- Night

- Morning

- Evening
Next :

- Week - Tonight

- Month - Later Today

- Years - In a couple of hours

- Weekend - pretty soon

- Friday - after a while

- Sunday - this weekend

- The day - after tomorrow

Present future tense is an event / activity that occurs on future. Auxiliary verb which is
often used on this type of sentence is shall and will (be going to). Adverb of time Present Future
Tense is tomorrow or next. The use of the auxiliary word will = be going to.
Examples of positive sentences;
I shall go to the zoo tomorrow
I will buy some books next week
I am going to buy some books next week
Example of negative sentences;
She will not play football next Sunday
She is not going to play
Example of interrogative sentences;
Will you come here tomorrow evening?

36
Telling Activities in Relations with the Time: Present Continuous Tense, Present Perfect, and
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The Present Continuous Tense The present continuous tense is one of the sentence patterns of the
language English used to express current activity done. Time information is usually used: now,
right now, at this moment, at present, this week, this month. However, not a must put adverbs of
time, because of the form of the word the work used indicates the activities that are being carried
out. Consider the following example. Activities at the moment. Anne is sitting on the chair. She
is operating computer. Andy is Anne's teacher. He is explaining how to operate the computer.
They are studing about The computer. We can classify the sentence patterns in the form the
present continous tense. We use this sentence pattern for states an activity or work that is being
done at the time discussed.
The Preset Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense is an expression that describes an action that began in the past and is
related to the present time. In detail, the function of the present perfect tense is to express: 1.
Actions that start at the time of the lamp and continue until now. The time description is: a. since
January, since last week, since two hours agob. for an hour, for two years, for seven weeks, c. up
to now, so far, up to the present Actions that have been carried out at an unspecific time in the
past and the results are felt. Usually do not use timestamps. But information such as: already, yet,
lately, just, recently which does not indicate a specific time can be used in this pattern.
Present Perfect Continous Tense
Exercise: .... it's so bussy here today. We have been standing here formore than 15
minutes, but we still have to wait. This shop is very busy (lots of visitors) he has been waiting for
15 minutes and is still waiting.
for the adverb of time, "since" means "since", that is, the point at which the work or
incident started; while "for" means "during", which is the period of time the incident or work
occurred. It is Sunday, 10 o'clock a.m.'a.m. 'is an abbreviation of ante meridiem which is used to
express morning time (up to 12:00 noon). So if people say "10 a.m." what is meant is at 10 am. If
people say “10p.m.” it means 10 pm (p.m. = past meridiem )
IRREGULAR VERB

37
CAUSATIVE HAVE AND GET
1. S + have + O (active) + V1
Father has the servant clean the room
Mean : Father asks the servant to clean the room.
2. S + have + O (passive) + V3
The teacher will have the homework done.
Mean : The teacher will ask (the student) to do the homework.
3. S + get + O (active) + to V1
Ria got her sister take care of her cat.
Mean : Ria ask her sister to tare care of her cat.
4. S + have + O (passive) + V3
Anton has got his car painted.
Mean : Anton has asked someone to paint his car.

MODALS

The modal form is the same for all single subjects either and plural. To make it easier to
understand, let's discuss one by one.

A. CAN

Softened for:

1. declare the ability or ability (ability).

examples:

- my mother can drive a car

- her daughter can speak Spanish

38
 - Fathur can lift that heavy box

2. Stating the possibility (possibility)

examples:

- eben can ski on the hills.

- Can your brother get to the top of the semeru mountain in one day?

3. declare permission (permission)

examples:

- can I take yout dictionary home with me?

- Can they climb to the top of rinjani mountain?

The synonym can is be able to.

Example:

- can you speak Russian?

- Are you able to speak russian?

- Are you able to climb arjuna mountain?

- Are you able to lift that heavy box?

B. COULD

The use of could is the same as can, for example: declaring capability (ability), possibility
(possibility), permission (permission), and poly request (polite request).

Examples:

- He could paint the high building. (ability)

- Could he get the top of Rinjani mountain? (possibility)

- Could I take your dictionary home with me? (permission)

- Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the nearest bank? (polite

request).

Besides, you must know that could is a form

past tense from can.

For example: - Nancy could come if she had time.

- if she had much money, she could buy a new car

C. MAY

Used for :

1. declare permission (permission)

- may I borrow your ruler

39
 - you may not park here

2. Stating the possibility (possibility)

examples:

- his brother may lend you the dictionary.

- All of the students may swim in the swimming pool.

D. MIGHT

Used the same as may.

1. declare permission

examples:

- you might not park here.

- He might not come to the office

2. state the possibilities.

Examples:

- Icha might be in her classroom.

- Salsa might not be in the office

- It might be true.

E. MUST

Used for:

1. declare necessity

examples:

- the student must obey the teacher.

- They must study hard everyday.

2. state conclusions

examples:

- Fathur drives his car very well. He must have a license.

- Ali has four big houses and ten cars. He must be rich.

40
 CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

A. BOOK CONTENTS AND WEAKNESSES

 BOOK ADVANTAGE 1

- In terms of an attractive book cover so that readers are interested in reading

- In terms of book content, each sub-chapter or material explanation is very classy

and detailed so that readers can easily understand the contents of the book.

- In terms of writing and layout, it meets the writing standards

- In discussing the contents of the book, there are a number of pictures included in
the explanation of the material. This can make readers excited about reading the
book and easily understand the contents of the book.

- Author biography included.

- The book is accompanied by many exercises so that readers will often practice
and be able to express what is already understood in the contents of the book.

 WEAKNESS OF BOOK 1

- The book identity is incomplete that is not having the volume and size of the
book.

- There are several incorrect uses of capital letters

 BOOK ADVANTAGE 2

- Judging from the aspect of book appearance, a comparison book has a cover that
attracts readers, the bright colors on the cover add to someone's interest in reading
it.

- Judging from the grammatical aspect, the language used in this book uses light
language and is not convoluted so that it makes it easier for readers to understand
the delivery of the material,

- The material described in this book is complete, both about adverbs and nouns
have been discussed by the author, examples of sentences already exist so that
readers do not need to look for other references because by reading this book
alone can understand about adverbs and nouns.

- This book is equipped with tables that make it easy to get information quickly
(sentence formulas). And also this book is equipped with a bibliography and
biographies of the author of the book.

 WEAKNESS OF BOOK 2

- Poor paper selection is a weakness in this book.

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 - The font size used is too small, making it a little difficult for the elderly to read.
CHAPTER IV
CLOSING

A. Conclusion

After the author reviewed this English language book, according to the author, it still has
shortcomings, because in this book, the explanation of a material is still lacking, this book
stands out more towards examples, but this book is suitable as a learning book if the teacher
does direct learning (Direct Instruction), not doing group learning (cooperative learning),
because if it is done in group learning then students will find it difficult to understand,
because in the book does not contain a good explanation in a material.

B. Suggestions

The author realizes that this critical book review is far from perfect. spelling errors and
lack of resources owned by the author in this critical book review. Therefore, constructive
suggestions and criticism are needed by the writer in perfecting this critical book review.

42
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Simbolon, Naeklan & et al. 2018. Integrated English. Denpasar-Bali: Jayapangus Press Azar
Scrhampfer
Rafida, Tien. 2017. Integrated Basic English for Islamic College. Medan : Perdana Publishing

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