Organization and

Management
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Functions, Roles, and Skills
of a Manager
Organization and Management
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Functions, Roles, and Skills of a Manager
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mayleen Joy V. Fariñas
Editor: Rowena S. Carillo
Reviewers: Joeve Grace G. Natividad, Mary Grace A. Laurel
Terence Adelle D. Lumangyao, and Lupe Geonanga
Illustrator: Mayleen Joy V. Fariñas
Layout Artist: Felizardo Valdez III
Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Josilyn S. Solana
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Ma. Roselyn J. Palcat
Novelyn M. Vilchez
Elleda E. De la Cruz
Rosemarie D. Aclan
Arthur J. Cotimo
Felizardo S. Valdez III
Marve E. Gelera
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Department of Education – Region VI

Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City_________________________

____________________________________________
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 Organization and
Management
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Functions, Roles, and Skills
of a Manager
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Organization and Management Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Functions, Roles and Skills of a Manager!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Organization and Management Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Functions, Roles, and Skills of a Manager!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the meaning, functions and theories of management. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the functions of a manager;
2. explain the role of a manager; and
3. explain the skills of a manager.

What I Know

MATCH UP. The following are management functions and tasks specific for every
management level. Further, below is a table labelled with the three levels of
management. Classify these functions and tasks accordingly by determining which
management level does it belong to. Copy the table on a separate sheet of paper.
Write the number and letters only.

Managerial Functions
1. Operations Managers
2. Strategic Managers
3. Tactical Managers

Managerial Tasks

a. They formulate policies and specific activities as they are the ones who
interpret and formulate ways to implement the goals and objectives set by the
executives.
b. They are the link between the management and the staff. They are in charge
of the daily processes and activities.
c. They have total authority over all the human resources of the company.
d. They concentrate on the organization’s long term concerns and is focused on
its overall development, stability and progress.
e. They formulate strategies and control the resources of the organization by
giving much attention to effectiveness and efficiency of its use.

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 f. They are the ones working face-to-face with the staff, employees and workers
and serve as the bridge to the middle and top-level management.
g. They are the organization’s president, vice president, chief executive officer,
chief operating officer, etc.

Level of
Top Level Middle-Level Lower-Level
Management
Function
Tasks • • •
• • •
• • •

Lesson
Functions, Roles and Skills
1 of a Manager
A person making sure that the people under his supervision are working
harmoniously towards the achievement of a particular goal is called manager.
While some people may think that a manager has nothing to do but just watch his
subordinates and boss around, the reality is that managers have a lot of things on
his plate to take care of.

A manager is responsible for all the employees, their actions, the

consequences and everything that goes about in the process of carrying out the
tasks involved in achieving the set goals. It is a challenge to a manager to
successfully hurdle the tasks by making sure that the potentials, capabilities and
talents of the teams and its members are utilized in its utmost capacity while
practicing efficiency and effectiveness in the use of resources.

In an organization, the management is divided into levels which are being

manned by managers functioning at their specific set of tasks. This will ensure
focus and delineation among the various units of the organization.

What’s In

THEORETICALLY SPEAKING! Which of the Management Theory listed under

column B will you apply as a manager on the organizational scenario found under

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column A. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Write the letter which
corresponds to your answer.
A. Organizational Scenario B. Management Theory
1. The power transformer in the factory was a. Total Quality
damaged and all the lights in that unit was Management
shut-off. Workers were found out to be
working in a dark place since yesterday
and have been staying outside and cannot
work well given the condition.
2. The business partner demands that the b. Scientific
processed mango products will be sold at a Management
cheaper price and suggests to buy mangoes Theory
outside Guimaras.
3. One of the warehouses is situated in c. Organizational
another municipality where finished Behaviour
products are being stored. The product Approach
outlet/store however is near the factory,
thereby causing a back and forth transport
of goods from the factory, to the warehouse
and back to the outlet/ store.
4. The organization’s chief accountant is also d. General
the officer-in-charge of the human resource Administrative
department. He divides his time on both Theory
units but mostly at the finance unit. This
has caused some concerns on personnel
issues to be left unacted upon.

What’s New

Management Levels
Organizations, specially the large ones are divided into three levels. This
makes sure that specific areas will be given focus and that there will be people who
will take care of each area of the organization’s existence. It is not only enough
that the organization looks forward to achieving its set objectives. It is very crucial
that specific actions and people with their expertise are in place to make those
plans a reality.

What is It

FUNCTIONS OF A MANAGER
An organization is divided into three levels. Shown below is a simple illustration:

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 Top-level
Management
(Corporate
Managers)
Middle-level
Management
(Tactical Managers)

Lower-level Management
(Operational Managers)

At the different levels of management, a manager performs a function, distinct and

apart from the others.

Top-level Managers. They are also called the Strategic Managers. They are the
ones who set the direction or general goals to be pursued by the organization. They
have a long-term vision of the organization and are concerned with keeping it
stable, continuously developing and leaning towards progress. They take charge of
the external relations and representations of the organization.

Top level managers are the Chairperson, Presidents, Vice Presidents, Chief
Executive Officers (CEO), Chief Operating Officers (COO), and other top-ranking
corporate executives. They formulate strategies and control the resources of the
organization by giving much attention to effectiveness and efficiency to its use.
They exercise authority over the entire human resource of the organization and act
as guides so that employees can identify themselves as part of the organization in
achieving its goals and purpose.
Middle-level Managers. They are the Tactical Managers. They serve as the bridge
between the higher-level and the lower level of management as they are the ones
who interpret the policies and directives set by the top-level management. They
frame the specific goals and objectives based on the general goals of the strategic
managers.

They communicate their interpretations of the company’s priorities to the middle-

level of the management. As they stand at the middle, tactical managers have
access to and from the top and lower-levels of management, thus making him
aware of what’s happening in the organization. They have closer interactions with
the operational staff as such, they should possess problem-solving skills and has to
be resourceful in providing ideas to keep the organization thriving.

Lower-level Management. Also known as the operational managers or the

frontline managers, they are the ones in-charge of the daily operations of the
business. They are the ones working face-to-face with the staff, employees and
workers and serve as the bridge to the middle and top-level management. When
before, they just take orders and instructions, now they are given the opportunity
to exercise their creativity and spontaneity in doing about their functions and are
allowed to contribute to the formulation of new projects and the company’s growth.

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ROLES OF A MANAGER

There are three classifications of managerial roles that a manager performs in his
execution of duties; interpersonal, informational, and decisional roles. Henry
Mintzberg (2010) in his research have found out that these are the roles that
managers do:
Interpersonal Roles
1. figurehead – The manager is the one whom the employees would turn to for
decisions, advise, and assurance that everything is under control
and is being taken care of.

2. leader- He/She leads people to perform well to achieve the organizational goals.

3. liaison- He/She is the crossing point of transactions and both in and out of the
organization.

Informational Roles
1. monitor – The manager observes and
inspects any changes in
the staff, their work,
progress or anything that
would hamper the
operations that needs
appropriate action.
2. disseminator- He/She secures
information and
delivers it to the team so that any concern can be understood or
acted upon when necessary.
3. spokesperson- He/She represents and speaks in behalf of the team he leads in
meetings, conferences and the like.

Decisional Roles
1. entrepreneur- The should be innovative and clever in coming up with decisions
and strategies in leading his team.

2. disturbance-handler- He/She must have the ability to rise above the challenge
when there is conflict among his/her team members or even if it
involves parties from the outside.

3. resource allocator - He/She must be able to efficiently use and distribute the
available resources to get the job done which includes manpower,
raw materials, budget, etc.

4. negotiator- He/She has to have a way of making people, most especially his team
members to believe in what they are trying to achieve like making
them accept a role being assigned to them for a specific program or
project.

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SKILLS OF A MANAGER

A manager in his performance of functions and roles must possess the following
skills:

Conceptual Skills. This is the ability to think and visualize solutions to problems
both simple and difficult. A manager must have a wide perspective of the
organization so that he will be able to envision the situations as he/she thinks of
solutions to issues and problems. This skill should especially be innate in top-level
managers whose function mainly rests on conceptualizing the organization’s vision
and direction.

Human Skills. Managers deal with people both in and out of the organization. In
his day to day work he leads, supervises, motivates, communicates with and guide
people in his team. This skill calls for his ability to deal with all types of people
with varying personalities. Managers at all levels of the organization should
possess this skill.

Technical Skills. Managers, most especially those at the lower-level must possess
this skill to enable him to understand how techniques and strategies will be applied
to products and services that the organization yields. Having this skill will equip
him with the ability to determine tell-tale signs of defect and problems on the
product thereby ensuring that they are of topmost quality and that workers are
employing the correct methods and procedures.

What’s More

UP, UP AND AWAY! Before letting go of the balloons, fill it in with the specific roles
of a manager corresponding the major roles it was labelled with. There is one extra
balloon though. Attach it to the particular role where you think it should go with.
Copy the drawing on a separate sheet of paper and write your answers.

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 Interpersonal
Roles

Informational
Roles

Decisional
Roles

What I Have Learned

1. There are three managerial levels namely: the top- level management,
middle-level management, and the lower-level management.
2. In each level of management, a manager performs certain functions such as
being the Strategic Manager at the top-level management, the Tactical
Manager at the middle-level management, and the Operational Manager at
the lower-level management.
3. A manager plays three major roles and under each role are specific ones.
The informational role includes being the monitor, disseminator, and
spokesperson. Included in the Interpersonal roles are acting as the leader,
liaison and being the figurehead. There is his decisional roles where he has
to play the part of being the disturbance handler, resource allocator,
negotiator, and entrepreneur.
4. As the leader goes about his day to day task, he must be endowed or develop
the following skills which will render him to be effective and efficient in
dealing with people both in and out of the organization. Such skills are the
conceptual skills, human skills, and technical skills.

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 What I Can Do

Do the following on a separate sheet of paper.

In your own understanding, draw and organizational chart of your school. It
should include the three levels of management. Indicate the names and positions
of the respective managers in your school.
In another sheet of paper, prepare a table just like shown below. Write their
names, position and fill up the corresponding role they have performed and the
skills you think they should possess basing on how you observed them in school.

NAME POSITION ROLE SKILLS THAT MUST

BE POSSESSED
Top-Level Management

Middle-Level Management

Lower-Level Management

Assessment

TELL ME WHY! Write at least two sentences about the questions stated below.
Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. Why are top-level managers also called strategic managers?

2. Which level of management has the direct interaction with workers in the day-
to-day operations of the organization? Why?
3. What are the functions of a middle-level manager or tactical managers?
4 - 7. Choose four specific roles of a manager and write a short description about it.
8-10. Why does a manager need to have:
a. Conceptual skills?
b. Human Skills?
c. Technical Skills?

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 Additional Activities

Imagine yourself as an operations manager of a Milk Tea Shop. Write a situation

where you are applying a conceptual skill, a human and a technical skill. Give one
example for each skill. Use a separate sheet for your answer.

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K-to-12-MELCS-with-CG-Codes
ABM_Organization and Management CG_4
http://www.free-management-ebooks.com/faqld/leadmodels-01.htm
References
What I Know What’s In What's More
1. Top Level Managers 1. c Informational Roles
STRATEGIC • Spokesperson
MANAGER 2. a • Disseminator
2 - c, d, g • Monitor
3. b
2. Middle Level Interpersonal Roles
4. d
Managers • Figure-head
TACTICAL MANAGER
• Leader
3 - a, e • Liaison
3. Lower Level
Managers Decisional Roles
OPERATIONS • Disturbance-handle
MANAGER • Resource Allocator
1 - b, f • Entrepreneur
• Negotiator
Assessment
Answers may vary. Write
explanations that clearly
demonstrates in-depth
understanding of the
concept and give sufficient
details to the discussion.
You may also present
examples or instances to
further your explanation.
Answer Key
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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