Mechanical Power Department

4th year
Turbo-machinery II
Centrifugal Compressor

1- Determine the adiabatic efficiency, temperature of the air at the exit, and the power input of a
centrifugal compressor from the following given data:
Impeller tip diameter = 1m Speed = 5945 rpm
Mass flow rate of air = 28 kg/s Static pressure ratio P3/P1=2.2
Atmospheric pressure = 1 bar Atmospheric temperature = 25OC
Slip factor = 0.90 Neglect the power input factor
2- A centrifugal compressor has an impeller with 21 vanes, which are radial at exit, a vaneless diffuser
and no inlet guide vanes. The compressor has the following data:
Inlet stagnation temperature = 300 K inlet e stagnation pressure = 100 kPa
Air mass flow rate, = 2.3 kg/s the impeller tip speed = 500 m/s
the mechanical efficiency = 96% diffuser exit velocity = 100 m/s
Total to total efficiency . = 82 % The diffuser efficiency = 84%
Degree of reaction = 50 % The air inlet velocity= = 150 m/s
The blade exit width = 6mm
(i) Determine the driving power on the shaft.
(ii) Determine the total and static pressures at diffuser exit
(iii) Determine the exit total and static pressures, absolute Mach number and radial velocity.
(iv) Determine the total-to-total efficiency for the impeller.
(v) Estimate the inlet/outlet radius ratio for the diffuser (conservation of angular momentum)
(vi) Find a suitable rotational speed for the impeller

3- A centrifugal compressor has inlet guide vanes fitted at the eye such that free vortex flow is archived at
entry to the blades. At the tip radius of the eye the inlet relative Mach number is not to exceed 0.75 and
an impeller total-to-total efficiency of 0.9 is required. The air leaves the tip of the inlet guide vanes
with a velocity of 90 m/s, the impeller tip diameter is 0.45 m and the outlet diameter is 0.76 m. The
radial component of velocity at exit from the impeller is 50m/s and the impeller rotates at 12,000 rpm.
If a slip factor of 0.9 is assumed, find the guide-vane inlet angle at the tip and the static pressure at
impeller outlet. Assume T01 = 288 K and p01 = 101.3 kPa.

1 Mohamed Hassan Gobran

 Mechanical Power Department
4th year
Turbo-machinery II
Centrifugal Compressor

4- . A centrifugal compressor has the following design data:

Inlet stagnation temperature = 288 K inlet stagnation pressure = 101 kPa
Air mass flow rate, = 15 kg/s The speed = 16000 rpm
the impeller isentropic efficiency = 90% Width of vaneless space = 42 mm
Axial depth of vaneless space = 37 mm Slip factor = 0.9
Power coefficient = 1.04 Impeller outlet diameter = 0.55 m
a) Assuming no pre-whirl at the inlet, what are the stagnation conditions at the impeller outlet?
b) Show that the radial velocity is approximately 100m/s at the impeller outlet and calculate the Mach
number and air angle at the impeller outlet.
c) Calculate the angle of the diffuser vane leading edges and the Mach number at this radius if the
diffusion in the vaneless space is isentropic.

5- The stagnation pressure and temperature at the inlet of a centrifugal compressor are 101 kPa and 290 K
respectively. The impeller has 19 radial vanes and no inlet guide vanes. The following data apply.
Air mass flow rate, = 2 kg/s the impeller tip speed = 525 m/s
the mechanical efficiency = 96% diffuser exit velocity = 95 m/s
Total to total efficiency . = 81 % The diffuser efficiency = 83%
Power factor = 1.04 The air inlet velocity= = 160 m/s
The blade exit width = 6mm Degree of reaction =50%
(a) Determine the shaft power
(b) Calculate the total and static pressures at diffuser outlet
(c) Find the radial velocity, absolute Mach number and total and static pressures at the impeller exit.
(d) Determine the impeller total-to-total efficiency
(e) If a vaneless diffuser is fitted, what is the ratio of inlet to outlet radius of the diffuser?
(f) Determine the impeller speed. (Diffuser efficiency = (h3s - h2 )/(h3-h2))

6- The following data apply to a double-sided centrifugal compressor

Inlet stagnation temperature =290 K Inlet stagnation pressure =1 bar

Air mass flow rate, = 10 kg/s Rotational speed = 15000 rpm
Eye tip diameter = 0.28m Eye hub diameter = 0.14 m

2 Mohamed Hassan Gobran

 Mechanical Power Department
4th year
Turbo-machinery II
Centrifugal Compressor

Impeller outer diameter . = 0.48 m Slip factor =0.89

Power factor = 1.03 The air inlet velocity= = 145 m/s
Calculate:
(1) the impeller vane angles at the eye tip and eye root,
(2) power input, and
(3) the maximum Mach number at the eye.
(4) Recalculate the maximum Mach number at the impeller eye for the same data as in the
previous question, assuming pre-whirl angle of 20O.

7- Consider a centrifugal compressor impeller with the following inlet and design parameters:
Known/design inlet conditions
 Inlet absolute stagnation temperature and pressure are 288 K and 1.01 × 105 Pa, respectively, i.e.,
our design point operation is at the standard sea level static condition
 C1 = Cz1 = 150 m/s, this gives an axial inlet Mach number of ∼0.5, no preswirl, which is our
design choice
 Hub-to-tip radius ratio is rh1∕r1 = 0.5, this too is a design choice
 Limit the relative Mach number at the eye radius to 1.0, to avoid shock losses in the inducer
 Compressor adiabatic efficiency c = 0.72 estimated based on similar machines
 Compressor mass flow rate is = 5 kg/s
Known/design exit conditions
 Cr2 = Cz1 = 150 m/s, this could be our design choice,which sizes the impeller exit area
 _ Impeller rim speed is U2 = 520 m/s, we chose the maximum rim speed in this example
 Impeller exit vane angle ′2 = 20O, i.e., we chose a backsweep design to reduce M2
 Allow for a 10O slip angle, which makes the exit relative flow angle 2 = 30O.
 Assume equal total pressure loss parameter in the impeller and the radial diffuser
Calculate
(a) the absolute Mach number entering the radial diffuser, M2, and its components, i.e., radial and
tangential Mr2 and M 2
(b) the relative Mach number at the impeller exit, M2r
(c) the compressor pressure ratio c and its polytropic efficiency ec

3 Mohamed Hassan Gobran

 Mechanical Power Department
4th year
Turbo-machinery II
Centrifugal Compressor

(d) the inlet flow area and the “eye” radius r1

(e) the shaft angular speed
(f) the impeller exit radius r2
(g) the impeller exit width b
(h) the shaft power

8- A centrifugal compressor rotor is operated at 10,000 rpm on a test stand where the atmospheric
conditions are those of a standard sea level day. The compressor has an axial inlet with a hub diameter
of 13.35 cm and an eye diameter of 25.40 cm. The compressor has a radial exhaust, and the rotor tip
diameter is 50.80 cm. If the average inlet Mach number is 0.7, determine the
(a) mass flow through the compressor,
(b) power required to drive the compressor,
(c) total temperature at the compressor exit,
(d) portion of the required power due to the centrifugal effect, and
(e) overall pressure ratio of the `machine, if the adiabatic efficiency of compression ηc = 85%.

9- A radial bladed centrifugal compressor designed with zero prewhirl (axial entry) for a turbojet engine
is shown in Figure and has the following data:
slip angle = 14O impeller tip radius = 26.3 cm
impeller eye radius =15 cm impeller hub radius = 7 cm
impeller tip width = 4.4 cm number of vanes =29
diffuser inner radius = 30.5 cm diffuser outer radius = 40.6 cm
N = 16,750 rpm
The compressor operates with an axial inlet Mach number of 0.8 at maximum rpm at the impeller inlet as
the aircraft moves through the atmosphere at standard sea level conditions.
a) Determine the linear speed of rotation at the impeller tip, eye, and hub.
(b) Determine the inlet flow area allowing for 5% blockage by vane thickness.
(c) Sketch the inlet blade design showing proper diameters and blade angles at the hub, eye, and at
the station midway between the two.
(d) Calculate the airflow rate.
(e) If σ =0.94, draw the exit velocity diagram to scale and indicate all magnitudes.

4 Mohamed Hassan Gobran

 Mechanical Power Department
4th year
Turbo-machinery II
Centrifugal Compressor

(f) If ηc = 80%, determine P3, Pt3, T3, and Tt3.

(g) What is the entrance angle for the fixed diffuser vanes? (Note that angular momentum of the fluid
is conserved in the annulus between the impeller tip and the diffuser entrance.)
(h) What is the diffuser entrance Mach number?
(i) What is the pressure ratio of the compressor Pt3/Pt2?
(j) What is the torque and power required to drive the impeller?

10-A centrifugal compressor which is fitted to an aircraft has the following data:
Air mass flow rate, = 6 kg/s the impeller rotational speed = 15000 rpm
Isentropic efficiency . = 82 % Total pressure ratio = 4
Eye inner radius . = 8 cm Eye outer radius = 16 cm
Ambient pressure = 0.365 bar Ambient temperature = 236 K
A/C forward speed = 240 m/s Inlet Pre-whirl angle =30O
i. Find the maximum Mach number at the impeller inlet
ii. Find the maximum Mach number at the impeller inlet when there is no pre-whirl
iii. Find the impeller diameter
iv. Find the impeller exit blade width (Ca1=Cr2)
v. If the diffuser inlet r3=1.2 r2 and the width of the vaneless space at the diffuser inlet = 2mm in
excess of the impeller exit width, find the diffuser inlet Mach number

5 Mohamed Hassan Gobran