Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Traffic Management and Accident Investigation Reviewer
Traffic Management and Accident Investigation Reviewer
Accident Investigation
Reviewer
Traffic Management and Accident Investigation
Definition of Terms
Accident (Legal meaning) – an accident is any happening beyond the
control of a person the consequences of which are not foreseeable.
(There is no criminal liability in accident provided, the following
requisites or elements under the law must be satisfied;
1. performance of a lawful act
2. with due care
3. causes injury to another by mere accident
4. without any fault or intention of causing it
Classification of Road
1. National Road
2. Provincial Road
3. City Road
4. Municipal Road
5. Barangay Road
6. Private Road
Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle - FCHV was developed by Toyota in 2005. The
vehicle is powered by the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
to power the motor driving the vehicle.
Last Clear Chance - it means that the driver who is in the better
position to prevent the accident shoulders the responsibility of
preventing the accident. The last clear chance principle is always
applied in any traffic accidental investigation in order to justify
penalized the driver who was not defensive in its driving.
Paris - in 1964, first time that police women were used for traffic
control duties.
Penalty
1. Confiscation - 1st offense
2. Imprisonment - 6 months and/or Fine. - 2nd and succeeding offenses.
3. Cancellation or Revocation or Certificate of Registration
Professional Driver – shall mean every and any driver hired or paid
for driving or operating a motor vehicle, whether for private use or
for public.
Categories of Drivers
1. Tourist
2. International Driver
3. Government
4. Professional
5. Non-professional
6. Student Permit
Scuff Marks – are signs left on the road by tires that are sliding or
scrubbing while the wheel is still turning.
1783 - The Montgolfier brothers invent the first hot air balloons.
1903 - The Wright Brothers invent and fly the first engined
airplane.
Traffic Education – comprises all means for public information and the
safety education of both drivers and pedestrians as to traffic laws
and the use of traffic facilities and an adequate training programs in
traffic control throughout the police unit.
Traffic laws - are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles,
while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that
may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely
flow of traffic.
3 State of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
British Thermal Unit - (BTU) The amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of one pound of water one degree F.
Classification of Fires
Phases of Fire
Products of Combustion
Fire gases
Flame
Heat
Smoke
The Chief of the Fire Bureau and Chief of the Jail Bureau
shall serve a tour of duty not to exceed four (4) years.
RA 9514 - this act shall be known as the fire code of the Philippines
of 2008. An Act establishing a comprehensive fire code of the
Philippines repealing PD 1185 and for other purposes.
Combustible Fiber - Any readily ignitable and free burning fiber such
as cotton, oakum, rags, waste cloth, waste paper, kapok, hay, straw,
Spanish moss, excelsior and other similar materials commonly
used in commerce.
Corrosive Liquid - Any liquid which causes fire when in contact with
organic matter or with certain chemicals.
Dust - A finely powdered substance which, when mixed with air in the
proper proportion and ignited will cause an explosion.
Fire Lane - The portion of a roadway or public way that should be kept
opened and unobstructed at all times for the expedient operation of
fire fighting units.
Fire Protective and Fire Safety Device - Any device intended for the
protection of buildings or persons to include but not limited to
built-in protection system such as sprinklers and other automatic
extinguishing system, detectors for heat, smoke and combustion
products and other warning system components, personal protective
equipment such as fire blankets, helmets, fire suits, gloves and other
garments that may be put on or worn by persons to protect themselves
during fire.
Flash Point - The minimum temperature at which any material gives off
vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air.
Hose Box - A box or cabinet where fire hoses, valves and other equipment
are stored and arranged for fire fighting.
Owner - The person who holds the legal right of possession or title
to a building or real property.
Fire Quadrangle
1. Fuel
2. Oxygen
3. Heat
4. Ignition energy
Triangles of Fire
1. Fuel
2. Oxygen
3. Heat
1. water
2. carbon dioxide
3. carbon monoxide
4. oxides of sulfur
Definition of terms
1. Vapor Density - the density of the vapor relative to thedensity of air and is calculated by dividing the
molecular weight of the gas by that of air.
1. Conductive/conduction heat transfer - heat is transferred by direct contact and the rate of transfer is
dependent on factors such as the thermal conductivity of the material and the temperature difference
between the cooler and warmer areas.
2. Convective/convection heat transfer - transfer of heat through physical movement of materials and oc
only in liquids and gases. Hot gases rise and spread heat to nearby ceilings and walls.
3. Radiative/radiation heat transfer - heat is transferred if the form of electromagnetic energy directly f
one object to another. ex. infrared radiation from the sun.
Glowing combustion - occurs when solid fuels are not capable of producing sufficient quantities of ga
during pyrolysis to sustain a flame. If access to the oxidant (air) is limited, glowing combustion may re
Flaming combustion -commonly recognized type of fire and occurs with gaseous fuel sources only. Th
color of the flame can give some indication of the composition of the fuel.
Spontaneous combustion - the ignition of organic matter with out apparent cause, typically through he
generated internally by rapid oxidation.A process whereby a material self heats.
Explosive combustion - can occur when vapors, dust of gases, premixed with appropriate amount of a
ignited.
Definition of Terms:
Fire analysis - the process of determining the origin, cause and responsibility as well as the failure analysis of
or explosion.
Fire cause - the circumstances or agencies that bring a fuel and an ignition source together with proper air or
oxygen.
Flash fire - a fire that spreads with extreme rapidity such as the one that races over dust, over the surface of
flammable liquids or through gases.
Fuel load - the total quantity of combustible contents of the building, spaces or fire area, including interior fini
and trim expressed in heat units or the equivalent weight in wood.
Point of origin - the exact physical location where a heat source and fuel comes in contact with each other and
fire begins.
Rekindle - a return to flaming combustion after incomplete extinguishment of a fire reigning at some time afte
being put out.
Administrator - any person who acts as agent of the owner and manages the use of a building for him.
Blasting Agent - any material or mixture consisting of a fuel and oxidizer used to set off explosives.
Cellulose nitrate or Nitro cellulose - a highly combustible and explosive compound produced by the reaction
nitric acid with a cellulose material.
Cellulose nitrate plastic (Pyroxylin) - any plastic substance,materials or compound having cellulose nitrate a
base.
Combustible/Flammable or Inflammable - Descriptive of materials that are easily set on fire.
Combustible fiber - any readily ignitable and free burning fiber such as cotton,oakum,rags,waste cloth,waste
paper,kapok,hay,straw,Spanish moss,excelsior,and other similar materials commonly used in commerce.
Combustible liquid - any liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8 degrees Celsius or 100 degrees Fahrenhe
Corrosive liquid - any liquid which causes fire when in contact with organic matter or with certain chemicals.
Curtain board - a vertical panel of non-combustible or fire resistive materials attached to and extending below
bottom chord of the roof trusses, to divide the underside of the roof into separate compartments so that heat an
smoke will be directed upwards to a roof vent.
Cryogenic - descriptive of any material which by its nature or as a result of its reaction with other elements
produces a rapid drop in temperature of the immediate surroundings.
Damper - a normally open device installed inside an air duct system which automatically closes to restrict the
passage of smoke or fire.
Distillation - the process of first raising the temperature to separate the more volatile from the less volatile par
and then cooling and condensing the resulting vapor so as to produce as nearly purified substance.
Dust - a finely powdered substance which when mixed with air in the proper proportion and ignited will cause
explosion.
Electrical arc - an extremely hot luminous bridge formed by passage of an electric current across a space betw
two conductors or terminals due to the incandescence of the conducting vapor.
Ember - a hot piece or lump that remains after a material has partially burned and is still oxidizing without the
manifestation of flames.
Finishes - materials used as final coating of a surface for ornamental or protective purposes.
Fire - the active principle of burning characterized by the heat and light of combustion.
Fire Trap - a building unsafe in case of fire because it will burn easily or because it lacks adequate exits or fire
escapes.
Fire Alarm - any visual or audible signal produced by a device or system to warn the occupants of the building
the fighting element of the presence or danger of fire to enable them to undertake immediate action to save life
property and to suppress the fire.
Fire door - a fire restrictive door prescribed for openings in fire separation walls or partitions.
Fire Hazard - any condition or act which increases or may cause an increase in the probability of the occurren
of fire or which may obstruct,delay,hinder or interfere with firefighting operations and the safeguarding of life
property.
Fire Lane - the portion of a roadway or public way that should be kept opened and unobstructed at all times fo
expedient operations of firefighting units.
Fire Protective and Fire Safety Device - any device intended for the protection of buildings or persons to inc
but not limited to built in protection system such as sprinklers and other automatic extinguishing system,detect
for heat,smoke and combustion products and other warning system components,personal protective equipment
such as fire blankets,helmets,fire suits,globes and other garments that may be put on or worn by persons to pro
themselves during fire.
Flash Point - the minimum temperature at which any material gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to for
an ignitable mixture with air.
Forcing - a process where a piece of metal is heated prior to changing its shape or dimensions.
Hazardous operation/process - any act of manufacturing, fabrication, conversion etc., or produces materials
which are likely to cause fires or explosions.
Horizontal exit - passage way from one building to another or through or around a wall in approximately the s
floor level.
Hose Box - a box or cabinet where fire hoses, valves and other equipment are stored and arranged for firefight
Hose Reel - a cylindrical device turning on an axis around which a fire hose is connected.\.
Hypergolic fuel - a rocket or liquid propellant which consist of combinations of fuels and oxidizers which ign
simultaneously on contact with each other.
Industrial Baking and Drying - the industrial process of subjecting materials to heat for the purpose of remov
solvents or moisture from the same and,or to fuse certain chemical salts to form a uniform glazing the surface o
materials being treated.
Jumper - a piece of metal or an electrical conductor used to bypass a safety device in an electrical system.
Occupancy - the purpose for which a building or portion thereof is used or intended to be used.
Occupant - any person actually occupying and using a building or portions thereof by virtue of a lease contrac
with the owner or administrator or by permission or sufferance of the latter.
Organic Peroxide - a strong oxidizing organic compound which release oxygen readily. It causes fire
when in contact with combustible materials especially under conditions of high temperature.
Overloading - the use of one or more electrical appliances or devices which draw or consume electrical curren
beyond the designed capacity of the existing electrical system.
Owner - the person who holds the legal right of possession or title to a building or real property.
Oxidizing Material - a material that readily yields oxygen in quantities sufficient to stimulate or support
combustion.
Pressurized or Forced Draft Burning Equipment - type or burner where the fuel is subjected to pressure pri
discharge into the combustion chamber and /or which includes fans or other provisions for the introduction of a
above normal atmosphere pressure into the same combustion chamber.
Public Assembly Building - any building or structure where 50 0r more people congregate, gather or assemble
any purpose.
Public Way - any street, alley or other strip of land unobstructed from the ground to the sky, dedicated for pub
use.
Pyrophoric - descriptive of any substance that ignites spontaneously when exposed to air.
Refining - a process where impurities and,or deleterious materials are removed from a mixture in order to prod
a pure element of compound. It shall also refer to partial distillation and electrolysis.
Self Closing Doors - automatic closing doors that are designed to confine smoke and heat and delay the spread
fire.
Smelting - melting or fusing of metallic ores or compounds so as to separate impurities from pure metals.
Sprinkler System - an integrated network of hydraulically designed piping installed in a building, structure or
with outlets arranged in a systematic pattern which automatically discharges water when activated by heat or
combustion products from a fire.
Standpipe System - a system of vertical pipes in a building to which fire hoses can be attached on each floor,
including a system by which water is made available to the outlet as needed.
Vestibule - a passage hall or ante chamber between the outer doors and the interior parts of a house or building
Vertical Shaft - a enclosed vertical space of passage that extends from floor to floor as well as from the base to
top of the building.
RA no.9514 - Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 (Dec. 19, 2008).
PD. 1185 - known as the fire code of the Philippines, was enacted into law 1977, repealed by RA no. 9514.
RA no. 9263 - Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Professionalization Ac
2004.
BFP Powers/Functions
BFP Organization
Headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by a Deputy Chief. It shall composed of a Provincial, District
City and Municipal stations.
In large provinces, district offices may be established to be headed by a district fire marshall.
In large cities and municipalities, district offices may be established with subordinate fire stations head
by a district fire marshall.
There shall be at least one fire station in every provincial, capital, city and municipality.
The local government unit shall provide the site of the fire station.
7. Light - The natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things
visible.
6. An instance that may cause fires from the heat accumulated from
the rolling, sliding or friction in machinery or between two hard
surfaces, at least one of which is usually a metal is called.
A. static electricity
B. overheating of machine
C. friction heat
D. heat from arching
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. C
10.A