I N D E X

A C
Ac drives, 649 Cathode, 6, 9, 13
Ac-Dc conversion, 38 Chopper drives, 548
Accelerating torque, 483 Choppers, 179
Air-gap power, 658 boost,180, 207
Amplifier, 625 buck, 180, 218
Anode, 6, 9, 13 buck-boost, 226
Angle class-A, 184
commutation or overlap, 147 class-B, 214
displacement , 317 class-C, 215
extinction , 46, 193 class-D, 215
phase , 329 class E, 216
of maximum current, 48 classifications of, 214
Armature inductance, 512 dc-dc, 179, 217
Armature resistance, 512 first quadrant, 179
Avalanche breakdown, 11 first and second quadrant, 215
Average power, see power, average four quadrant, 216
step-down, 181
B step-up, 207
Back emf , 512 types of, 180
Basic equation of motion, 482 Chopping frequency, 183
Bi-phase converter, 326 Circulating current, 350, 361
Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), 20 Closed-loop operation, 614
Safe operation area of, 21 Commutation, 14
current gain of, 21 angle, 147
silicon carbide, 31 circuit,15
V-I characteristics of, 21 natural or line, 14
switching characteristics of, 21 Controlled rectifier, see single-phase bridge
Braking, 538 rectifier and three-phase bridge
Dynamic, 542 rectifier.
Plugging, 540 Copper losses, 517
Regenerative, 538 Current,
Branch-delta connection, 281 average, 40, 45, 58
Breakdown voltage, 7 current loop, 633
Bridge rectifier, see single-phase bridge circulating mode, 350 , 361
rectifier and three-phase bridge extinction angle, 46, 194
rectifier rms value, 41, 58, 237, 270
Burst firing, 290 Current source inverter (CSI), 384, 433

720
Controllers, 474 compound, 522
ac voltage, 234 separately-excited, 510, 512, 515
speed controller, 639 shunt, 516
Converters open-loop transfer function, 617
ac-ac, 234, 27 series, 518
ac-dc, 38 speed control of, 523
bi-phase, 114, 148 Diodes, 6
dc-ac, 384 break-down voltage of, 7
dc-dc,179 characteristics of, 6
dual, 591, 601 fast recovery, 8
flyback, 180, 222 forward-biased, 6
forward, 218 freewheeling, 83, 96
full-bridge, 151 leakage current, 6
half-bridge,see inverters. line frequency, 8
matrix, 379 power, 6
one-quadrant, 184 reversed-biased, 6
semi-, 53, 113, 137, 596 Schottky, 8
single-phase uncontrolled , 39, 53 silicon carbide, 30
single-phase dual, 591 tum-on voltage of, 8
single-phase full-wave , 53 types of, 8
single-phase series, 442 Displacement factor, 42
three-phase dual, 601 Distortion
three-phase full-wave, 68, 127, 134, factor, 244, 391
135, 151 total harmonic, 392
Cycloconverters, 346, 702 Drives
drive, 683, 702 ac, 649
envelope, 365 dc, 509
multi-phase , 354 static Kramer, 691
single-phase, 347 static Schcrbius, 692
three-phase, 354, 359 Duty cycle, 183
Dynamic braking, 542
D Dynamic torque, 483
Dc Chopper, 179
Dc drives, 509 F
chopper control, 181 Factor
closed-loop control of, 611 damping, 634
single-phase converter drives, 573 displacement, 42
single-phase dual-converter , 591 distortion, 244, 391
single-phase full-converter , 582 lowest order harmonics, 392
three-phase dual-converter , 601 form, 42
three-phase full-converter, 599 harmonic, 43
three-phase semiconverter, 596 input power, 43, 238, 243
Dc motors, 509 power, 43, 238, 243
characteristics of, 515, 516, 518, 522 ripple, 42
closed-loop control of, 620, 623 transformer utilization, 42
closed-loop transfer function of, 620 Filters, 182

721
Firing angle, see triggering angle. Inverters, 384
Field oriented control, 699 current-source, 433
Field weakening, 523 dc-link, 456
Forced commutation, 14 half-bridge, 384, 397
Forward breakdown voltage, 7, 11 load commutated, 683
Fourier analysis, 59, 63, 160, 196, 239, multilevel, 456
266, 291, 323 parallel , 385
Fourier coefficients, 62, 196 performance parameters of, 391
Four quadrant operation, 535 pulse-width-modulated, 418
Frequency single-phase series resonant, 442
chopping ,183 single-phase bridge, 384, 395
fundamental , 161, 240, 266, 390 three-phase bridge, 409
resonant, 443, 447 types of, 384
undamped natural, 634 voltage control, 417, 428
Friction and windage, 482 voltage-source, 384

G L
GCT, 30
GTOs, 17, 26
characteristics of, 17
snubber circuit of, 19
H
Half-wave uncontrolled , 51, 268
Harmonics, 58,147, 160, 162, 195, 239
lowest-order, 392
phase-angle, 240
reduction, 378, 428
zero-value, 293
Holding current, 10, 12
I multiple-pulse·width, 421
IGBTs, 25
Induction motors, 650
equivalent circuit of, 654
frequency control of, 675
rotor resistance control of, 685
speed control of, 662
stator voltage control of , 665
voltage and frequency control of, 675
Integral cycle control, 290
single-phase, 290
three-phase , 307
Latching current, 10, 12
Linear mechanics, 476
Load classifications, 480
Load torque, 480, 486
Load commutated inverter, 683
M
Matrix converter, 379
Maximum slip, 662
MCT s, 28
Mechanical transmission, 494
Modulation
index, 419
modified sinusoidal pulse-width, 426
single pulse, 419
sinusoidal pulse-width, 423
sixty-degree pulse-width, 427
third-harmonic pulse-width, 427
Modules,
intelligent, 5
power, 5
smart, 5
Moment of inertia, 477
MOSFETs, 24
steady-state characteristics of, 24
switching characteristics of, 25
ratings of, 25

722
 controlled, 38
Motors efficiency, 42
ac, 650 single-phase full-wave, uncontrolled,
dc, 509 53
ratings, 499 with highly inductive load, 57, 109
synchronous, 651, 698 with R-L load, 44, 94, 107, 129
Multilevel inverters, 456 single-phase half-wave, uncontrolled,
cascaded, 457 39
diode-clamped, 462 three-phase, 68,127, 133 , 135, 151
flying-capacitors, 465 three-phase bridge, 68
types of, 457 uncontrolled, 38
Reducers, 494
N Regulators
Natural commutation, 14 boost, 222
Neutral current, 310, 322 buck, 218
buck-boost, 226
O switching mode, 217
Open-loop operation, 614 Resonant frequency, 443, 447
Overlap, 147 Resonant inverters, 441
Overmodulation, 425 dc link, 449
series, 442
P Reverse recovery time, 7, 8
Poly-phase rectification, 64, 127, 165 Ripple factor, 42
Performance parameters, 41, 392, 366, 391 Root-mean-square (rms) value, 295, 388
phase-angle, 316 Rotational mechanics, 476
Phase displacement, 317
Power semiconductor devices, 4 S
ideal characteristics, 6, 10 Schottky diodes, 8
switching characteristics, 6, 10, 17,18 Silicon carbide (SiC), 8
symbols, 6, 9, 16, 18, 26 Slip, 653
Types of, 5 Slip power, 657, 691
Power diodes, 6 Sinusoidal pulse-width modulation
Power electronics, 1 (SPWM), 423
applications of, 3 SIT, 29, 30
Power factor, 43, 76, 238, 243 SITH, 29, 30
Power semiconductors, 4 Snubbers, 19
Power supplies, 217 Space vector, 699
switched mode ac, 217 Speed
switched mode dc, 217 control, 523
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), 182, 418, sensing, 615
682,701 SPIC, 5
synchronous, 652
static friction, 479
R Static Kramer drive, 691
Rectifiers. Static Scherbius drive, 692
Bridge, 38 Stinction, 479

723
Subharmonics, 292 Cool MOS, 25, 29
Synchronous motor, 651 IGBTs, 25
cylindrical rotor, 698 MOSFETs, 24
drives, 697 power, 23
permanent magnet, 698 safe operation area, 21
reluctance, 698 saturation, 20
salient-pole, 698 SIT, 5
types of, 5
T Transmission,
Thyristors, 8 mechanical, 494
asymmetrical, 235 gear, 494
characteristics of, 10 planetary, 495
di/dt capability , 5 screw, 496
dv/dt capability, 5, 14 worm, 496
gate controlled, 30 TRIAC, 16
gate-turn off, 17
insulated gate commutated, 30 V
light activated, 14 Variable load, 502
MOS-controlled, 28 Vector control, 699
phase-control, 8, 235 Sensor less, 699
static induction, 29 Flux, 699
parameters , 12 Variable speed drives (VSDs), 698
static induction, 29 Viscous friction, 478
triggering methods, 13 Voltage controller, see single-phase voltage
turn-off of, 12 controller and three-phase voltage
turn-on of, 12 controller
two-transistor model of, 9 Voltage source inverter, 384
types of, 15
Time W
forward recovery, 7 Wide Gap Semiconductors, 30
reverse recovery, 7
turn-off, 182 Z
turn-on, 182 Zero current switching, 290, 441
THD, 393 Zero voltage switching, 441
Time constant, 46, 187, 263
Torque
accelerating, 483
constant, 513
equation, 477
developed, 477
due to friction, 478
instantaneous , 477
Maximum( breakdown) , 661
Transistors
bipolar, 20
characteristics, 21

724