3.

 (Refl. Prop.)
4.  (Def. of rhombus)
6-5 Rhombi and Squares 5.  (SAS)
6.  (CPCTC)

ALGEBRA Quadrilateral ABCD is a rhombus. 4. GAMES The checkerboard below is made up of 64 

Find each value or measure. congruent black and red squares. Use this
information to prove that the board itself is a square.

1. If , find .
ANSWER:  
32 ANSWER:  
Sample answer: Since each side of the board is 8
squares in length and each of the squares is
2. If AB = 2x + 3 and BC = x + 7, find CD.
congruent, the lengths of all four sides of the board
ANSWER:   are equal. Since we know that each of the four
11 quadrilaterals that form the corners of the board are
squares, we know that the measure of the angle of
3. PROOF Write a two-column proof to prove that if each vertex of the board is 90. Therefore, the board
ABCD is a rhombus with diagonal is a square.
. COORDINATE GEOMETRY Given each set
of vertices, determine whether   QRST is a
rhombus, a rectangle, or a square. List all that
apply. Explain.
5. Q(1, 2), R(–2, –1), S(1, –4), T(4, –1)
ANSWER:  
Rectangle, rhombus, square; consecutive sides are
ANSWER:  
, all sides are .
Given: ABCD is a rhombus with diagonal .
Prove: 6. Q(–2, –1), R(–1, 2), S(4, 1), T(3, –2)
Proof:
Statements(Reasons) ANSWER:  
1. ABCD is a rhombus with diagonal . (Given) None; the diagonals are not congruent or
2.  (Diag. of rhombus bisects  ) perpendicular.
3.  (Refl. Prop.) ALGEBRA Quadrilateral ABCD is a rhombus.
4.  (Def. of rhombus) Find each value or measure.
5.  (SAS)
6.  (CPCTC)

4. GAMES The checkerboard below is made up of 64 
congruent black and red squares. Use this
information to prove that the board itself is a square.
7. If AB = 14, find BC.
ANSWER:  
14

8. If , find .
ANSWER:   ANSWER:  
Sample
eSolutions answer:
Manual Since
- Powered each side of the board is 8
by Cognero 27 Page 1
squares in length and each of the squares is
congruent, the lengths of all four sides of the board 9. If AP = 3x – 1 and PC = x + 9, find AC.
 95
7. If AB = 14, find BC.
12. If , find x.
ANSWER:  
6-5 Rhombi and Squares ANSWER:  
14
35

8. If , find . JUSTIFY ARGUMENTS  Write a two-column

proof.
ANSWER:   13. Given:
27

9. If AP = 3x – 1 and PC = x + 9, find AC.

Prove: WXYZ is a rhombus.
ANSWER:  
28

10. If DB = 2x – 4 and PB = 2x – 9, find PD.

ANSWER:  
5
ANSWER:  
11. If , find Given:
.
ANSWER:  
95 Prove: WXYZ is a rhombus.

12. If , find x.
ANSWER:  
35

JUSTIFY ARGUMENTS  Write a two-column Proof:

proof. Statements(Reasons)
13. Given: 1.  (Given)
2. WXYZ is a . (Both pairs of opp. sides are .)
3. WXYZ is a rhombus. (If one pair of consecutive
Prove: WXYZ is a rhombus.
sides of a are , the  is a rhombus.)

14. Given: QRST is a parallelogram.

 Prove: QRST is a square.

ANSWER:  
Given:

Prove: WXYZ is a rhombus. ANSWER:  

Given: QRST is a parallelogram;

Prove: QRST is a square.

Proof:
Statements(Reasons)
1.  (Given)
2. WXYZ is a . (Both pairs of opp. sides are .)
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2
3. WXYZ is a rhombus. (If one pair of consecutive Proof:
sides of a are , the  is a rhombus.) Statements(Reasons)
1. QRST is a parallelogram;
 1.  (Given) 4.  (Def. of perpendicular)
5. QRST is a rhombus. (If the diagonals of a
2. WXYZ is a . (Both pairs of opp. sides are .)
3. WXYZ is a rhombus. (If one pair of consecutive ,  is a rhombus.)
6-5 Rhombi
sides of aand are
Squares
, the  is a rhombus.) 6. QRST is a square. (Thm.6.2, if a quadrilateral is a
rectangle and a rhombus, then it is a square.)

14. Given: QRST is a parallelogram. 15. Given: ABCD is a parallelogram.

            
 Prove: QRST is a square. Prove: ABCD is a rhombus.
 

ANSWER:  
Given: QRST is a parallelogram;       
ANSWER:  
Prove: QRST is a square. Sample Answer:
Statements (Reasons)
1    .ABCD is a parallelogram.  (Given)
2. (Given) 
3      (CPCTC)
4     bisects ( Definition of angle bisector)
Proof: 5      (CPCTC)
Statements(Reasons) 6     bisects ( Definition of angle bisector)
1. QRST is a parallelogram; 7    ABCD is a rhombus ( Theorem 6.18: If one
. (Given) diagonal of a parallelogram bisects a pair of
2. QRST is a rectangle. (If the diagonals of a are opposite angles, then the parallelogram is a
, the  is a rectangle.) rhombus)
3.  is a right angle. (Def of rt.  )  
4.  (Def. of perpendicular)
16. Given: ACDH and BCDF are parallelograms;
5. QRST is a rhombus. (If the diagonals of a
,  is a rhombus.) .
6. QRST is a square. (Thm.6.2, if a quadrilateral is a Prove: ABFH is a rhombus.
rectangle and a rhombus, then it is a square.)

15. Given: ABCD is a parallelogram.

            
Prove: ABCD is a rhombus.
 
ANSWER:  
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. ACDH and BCDF are parallelograms; .
(Given)
2.  (Def. of  )
      
3.  (Trans. Prop)
ANSWER:   4.  (Def. of  )
Sample Answer: 5. AC = HD (Def of  segs.)
Statements (Reasons) 6. AC = AB + BC, HD = HF + FD (Seg. Add. Post.)
1    .ABCD is a parallelogram.  (Given) 7. AC – HD = AB + BC – HF – FD (Subt. Prop.)
2. (Given)  8. AB = HF (Subst.)
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3
3      (CPCTC) 9.  (Def. of   segs.)
4     bisects ( Definition of angle bisector) 10.  (Subst.)
5      (CPCTC)
 7    ABCD is a rhombus ( Theorem 6.18: If one
diagonal of a parallelogram bisects a pair of
opposite angles, then the parallelogram is a
rhombus)and Squares
6-5 Rhombi
 
16. Given: ACDH and BCDF are parallelograms;
. out the area for a square garden as shown. She has
Prove: ABFH is a rhombus.
ANSWER:  
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. ACDH and BCDF are parallelograms; .
(Given)
2.  (Def. of  )
3.  (Trans. Prop)
4.  (Def. of  )
5. AC = HD (Def of  segs.)
6. AC = AB + BC, HD = HF + FD (Seg. Add. Post.)
7. AC – HD = AB + BC – HF – FD (Subt. Prop.)
8. AB = HF (Subst.)
9.  (Def. of   segs.)
10.  (Subst.)
11. ABFH is a rhombus. (Def. of rhombus)
17. ROADWAYS Main Street and High Street intersect
as shown in the diagram. Each of the crosswalks is
the same length. Classify the quadrilateral formed by
the crosswalks. Explain your reasoning.
ANSWER:   None; the diagonals are not
Rhombus; Sample answer: The measure of angle
formed between the two streets is 29, and vertical
angles are congruent, so the measure of one angle of
the quadrilateral is 29. Since the crosswalks are the
same length, the sides of the quadrilateral are
congruent. Therefore, they form a rhombus.
18. PROBLEM SOLVING A landscaper has staked
out the area for a square garden as shown. She has
confirmed that each side of the quadrilateral formed
by the stakes is congruent and that the diagonals are
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
perpendicular. Is this information enough for the
landscaper to be sure that the garden is a square?
Explain your reasoning.
formed between the two streets is 29, and vertical
angles are congruent, so the measure of one angle of
the quadrilateral is 29. Since the crosswalks are the
same length, the sides of the quadrilateral are
congruent. Therefore, they form a rhombus.
18. PROBLEM SOLVING A landscaper has staked
confirmed that each side of the quadrilateral formed
by the stakes is congruent and that the diagonals are
perpendicular. Is this information enough for the
landscaper to be sure that the garden is a square?
Explain your reasoning.
ANSWER:  
No; sample answer: Since the four sides of the
quadrilateral are congruent and the diagonals are
perpendicular, the figure is either a square or a
rhombus. To be sure that the garden is a square, she
also needs to confirm that the diagonals are
congruent.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY Given each set
of vertices, determine whether JKLM is a
rhombus, a rectangle, or a square. List all that
apply. Explain.
19. J(–4, –1), K(1, –1), L(4, 3), M (–1, 3)
ANSWER:  
Rhombus; the diagonals are .
20. J(–3, –2), K(2, –2), L(5, 2), M (0, 2)
ANSWER:  
Rhombus; the diagonals are .
21. J(–2, –1), K(–4, 3), L(1, 5), M (3, 1)
ANSWER:  
.
22. J(–1, 1), K(4, 1), L(4, 6), M (–1, 6)
ANSWER:  
Square, rectangle, rhombus; all sides are .
ABCD is a rhombus. If PB = 12, AB = 15, and
, find each measure.
Page 4
23. AP
 22. J(–1, 1), K(4, 1), L(4, 6), M (–1, 6) 29. 
ANSWER:  
6-5 Rhombi and Squares ANSWER:  
Square, rectangle, rhombus; all sides are . 90

ABCD is a rhombus. If PB = 12, AB = 15, and 30. 

, find each measure.
ANSWER:  
45

Classify each quadrilateral.

31. Refer to the photo on p. 432.

23. AP
ANSWER:  
9

24. CP
ANSWER:  
9 ANSWER:  
square
25. 
ANSWER:   32. Refer to the photo on p. 432.
24

26. 
ANSWER:  
66

WXYZ is a square. If WT = 3, find each

measure.

ANSWER:  
rhombus

33. Refer to the photo on p. 432.

27. ZX
ANSWER:  
6

28. XY
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  
rectangle
29.  PROOF Write a paragraph proof.
ANSWER:   34. Theorem 6.16
90 ANSWER:  
Given: ABCD is a rhombus.
30. 
Prove: Each diagonal bisects a pair of opposite
ANSWER:   angles.
45 Manual - Powered by Cognero
eSolutions Page 5

Classify each quadrilateral.

31. Refer to the photo on p. 432.
  by CPCTC. 
 by SAS.   by 
ANSWER:   CPCTC. By definition of angle bisector, each
6-5 Rhombi and Squares diagonal bisects a pair of opposite angles.
rectangle

PROOF Write a paragraph proof. 35. Theorem 6.17

34. Theorem 6.16
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram; .
Given: ABCD is a rhombus. Prove: ABCD is a rhombus.
Prove: Each diagonal bisects a pair of opposite
angles.

Proof: We are given that ABCD is a parallelogram.

The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other,
Proof: We are given that ABCD is a rhombus. By
definition of rhombus, ABCD is a parallelogram. so  because congruence of 
Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent, so segments is reflexive. We are also given that
. . Thus,  are right 
angles by the definition of perpendicular lines. Then
 because all sides of a rhombus
 because all right angles are 
are congruent.  by SAS. 
congruent. Therefore,  by SAS. 
 by CPCTC. 
 by CPCTC. Opposite sides of 
 by SAS.   by 
parallelograms are congruent, so
CPCTC. By definition of angle bisector, each
diagonal bisects a pair of opposite angles. . Then since congruence of
segments is transitive, . All
35. Theorem 6.17 four sides of ABCD are congruent, so ABCD is a
rhombus by definition.
ANSWER:  
36. Theorem 6.18
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram; .
Prove: ABCD is a rhombus. ANSWER:  
If a diagonal of a parallelogram bisects an angle of a
parallelogram, then the parallelogram is a rhombus.
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram; diagonal
 bisects  .
Prove: ABCD is a rhombus.

Proof: We are given that ABCD is a parallelogram.

The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other,
so  because congruence of 
segments is reflexive. We are also given that
. Thus,  are right 
Proof: It is given that ABCD is a parallelogram. Since
angles by the definition of perpendicular lines. Then opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel,
 because all right angles are 
. By definition,  are alternate 
congruent. Therefore,  by SAS. 
interior angles of parallel sides . Since
 by CPCTC. Opposite sides of 
parallelograms are congruent, so alternate interior angles are congruent, .
Congruence of angles is symmetric, therefore
. Then since congruence of
. it is given that  bisects 
segments is transitive, . All
, so  by 
four sides of ABCD are congruent, so ABCD is a
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
rhombus by definition. definition. By the Transitive Property, Page 6
.
36. Theorem 6.18 The sides opposite congruent angles in a triangle are
 parallelograms are congruent, so
. Then since congruence of congruent, so . We are
segments is transitive, . All given that . So, by the Transitive Property,
four sidesand
6-5 Rhombi of ABCD
Squaresare congruent, so ABCD is a . So, . Thus, ABCD
rhombus by definition. is a rhombus by definition.

36. Theorem 6.18 38. Theorem 6.20

ANSWER:   ANSWER:  
If a diagonal of a parallelogram bisects an angle of a Given: ABCD is a rectangle and a rhombus.
parallelogram, then the parallelogram is a rhombus. Prove: ABCD is a square.
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram; diagonal
 bisects  .
Prove: ABCD is a rhombus.

Proof: We know that ABCD is a rectangle and a

rhombus. ABCD is a parallelogram, since all
rectangles and rhombi are parallelograms. By the
Proof: It is given that ABCD is a parallelogram. Since definition of a rectangle,  are 
opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel, right angles. By the definition of a rhombus, all of the
. By definition,  are alternate  sides are congruent. Therefore, ABCD is a square
interior angles of parallel sides . Since since ABCD is a parallelogram with all four sides
congruent and all the angles are right.
alternate interior angles are congruent, .
Congruence of angles is symmetric, therefore CONSTRUCTION Use diagonals to construct
. it is given that  bisects  each figure. Justify each construction.
, so  by  39. rhombus
definition. By the Transitive Property, ANSWER:  
.
The sides opposite congruent angles in a triangle are
congruent, therefore, . So,
since a pair of consecutive sides of the parallelogram
is congruent, ABCD is a rhombus.

37. Theorem 6.19
ANSWER:  
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram; .
Prove: ABCD is a rhombus.
Sample answer: The diagonals bisect each other, so
the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Since the
diagonals of the parallelogram are perpendicular to
each other, the parallelogram is a rhombus.

40. square
Proof: Opposite sides of a parallelogram are
ANSWER:  
congruent, so . We are
given that . So, by the Transitive Property,
. So, . Thus, ABCD
is a rhombus by definition.

38. Theorem 6.20
ANSWER:  
Given:
eSolutions ABCD
Manual is a rectangle
- Powered by Cogneroand a rhombus. Page 7
Prove: ABCD is a square.

Sample answer: The diagonals bisect each other, so

 Sample answer: The diagonals bisect each other, so slope of
the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Since the
diagonals of the parallelogram are perpendicular to The slope of is the negative reciprocal of the
6-5 Rhombi and
each other, theSquares
parallelogram is a rhombus. slope of , so they are perpendicular.

40. square 42. The segments joining the midpoints of the sides of a

rectangle form a rhombus.
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  

Given: ABCD is a rectangle. Q, R, S, and T are

midpoints of their respective sides.
Sample answer: The diagonals bisect each other, so Prove: QRST is a rhombus.
the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Since the Proof:
diagonals of the parallelogram are congruent and
perpendicular, the parallelogram is a square. Midpoint Q is .
PROOF Write a coordinate proof of each
statement. Midpoint R is .
41. The diagonals of a square are perpendicular.
ANSWER:   Midpoint S is .

Midpoint T is .

Given: ABCD is a square.

Prove:
Proof:
slope of

slope of

The slope of is the negative reciprocal of the

slope of , so they are perpendicular.
QR = RS = ST = QT
42. The segments joining the midpoints of the sides of a
rectangle form a rhombus. QRST is a rhombus.
ANSWER:  
43. DESIGN The tile pattern below consists of regular
octagons and quadrilaterals. Classify the
quadrilaterals in the pattern and explain your
reasoning.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8

Given: ABCD is a rectangle. Q, R, S, and T are
midpoints of their respective sides.
 QR = RS = ST = QT
6-5 Rhombi and Squares ANSWER:  
QRST is a rhombus. square; 15 in.

43. DESIGN The tile pattern below consists of regular 45. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this
octagons and quadrilaterals. Classify the problem, you will explore the properties of kites,
quadrilaterals in the pattern and explain your which are quadrilaterals with exactly two distinct
reasoning. pairs of adjacent congruent sides.

ANSWER:  
Squares; sample answer: Since the octagons are
regular each side is congruent, and the quadrilaterals a. GEOMETRIC Draw three kites with varying
share common sides with the octagon, so the side lengths. Label one kite ABCD, one PQRS, and
quadrilaterals are either rhombi or squares. The one WXYZ. Then draw the diagonals of each kite,
vertices of the quadrilaterals are formed by the labeling the point of intersection N for each kite.
exterior angles of the sides of the octagons adjacent b. TABULAR Measure the distance from N to
to the vertices. The sum of the measures of the
each vertex. Record your results in a table like the
exterior angles of a polygon is always 360 and since
one shown.
a regular octagon has 8 congruent exterior angles,
each one measures 45. As shown in the diagram,
each angle of the quadrilaterals in the pattern
measures 45 + 45 or 90. Therefore, the quadrilateral
is a square. c. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the diagonals
of a kite.
ANSWER:  
a. Sample answer:

44. REPAIR The window pane shown needs to be

replaced. What are the dimensions of the
replacement pane? b.

c. Sample answer: The shorter diagonal of a kite is

bisected by the longer diagonal.

46. ERROR ANALYSIS In quadrilateral PQRS,

ANSWER:   . Lola thinks that the quadrilateral is a
square; 15 in. square, and Xavier thinks that it is a rhombus. Is
either of them correct? Explain your reasoning.
45. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this
problem, you will explore the properties of kites,
which are quadrilaterals with exactly two distinct
pairs of adjacent congruent sides.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 9

c. Sample
6-5 Rhombi answer:
and The shorter diagonal of a kite is
Squares
bisected by the longer diagonal.
46. ERROR ANALYSIS In quadrilateral PQRS,
. Lola thinks that the quadrilateral is a
square, and Xavier thinks that it is a rhombus. Is
either of them correct? Explain your reasoning.
ANSWER:  
Neither; sample answer: Since they do not know that
the sides of the quadrilateral are congruent, only that
the diagonals are congruent, they can only conclude
that the quadrilateral is a rectangle.
47. JUSTIFY ARGUMENTS Determine whether the
statement is true or false . Then write the converse,
inverse, and contrapositive of the statement and
determine the truth value of each. Explain your
reasoning.
If a quadrilateral is a square, then it is a
rectangle.
ANSWER:  
True; sample answer: A rectangle is a quadrilateral
with four right angles and a square is both a
rectangle and a rhombus, so a square is always a
rectangle.
Converse: If a quadrilateral is a rectangle then it is a
square. False; sample answer: A rectangle is a
quadrilateral with four right angles. It is not
necessarily a rhombus, so it is not necessarily a
square.
Inverse: If a quadrilateral is not a square, then it is
not a rectangle. False; sample answer: A
quadrilateral that has four right angles and two pairs
of congruent sides is not a square, but it is a
rectangle.
Contrapositive: If a quadrilateral is not a rectangle,
then it is not a square. True; sample answer: If a
quadrilateral is not a rectangle, it is also not a square
by definition.
48. ANALYZE RELATIONSHIPS The area of
square ABCD is 36 square units and the area of
is 20 square units. If   ,
find the length of . Square: A square has all of the properties of a
 
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
rectangle.
Contrapositive: If a quadrilateral is not a rectangle,
then it is not a square. True; sample answer: If a
quadrilateral is not a rectangle, it is also not a square
by definition.
48. ANALYZE RELATIONSHIPS The area of
square ABCD is 36 square units and the area of
is 20 square units. If   ,
find the length of .
ANSWER:  
2
49. ORGANIZE IDEAS Find the vertices of a square
with diagonals that are contained in the lines y = x
and y = −x + 6. Justify your reasoning.
ANSWER:  
Sample answer: (0, 0), (6, 0), (0, 6), (6, 6); the
diagonals are perpendicular, and any four points on
the lines equidistant from the intersection of the
diagonals will be the vertices of a square.
50. WRITING IN MATH Compare all of the
properties of the following quadrilaterals:
parallelograms, rectangles, rhombi, and squares.
ANSWER:  
Sample answer:
Parallelogram: Opposite sides of a parallelogram are
parallel and congruent. Opposite angles of a
parallelogram are
congruent. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect
each other and each diagonal separates a
parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
 
Rectangle: A rectangle has all the properties of a
parallelogram. A rectangle has four right angles. The
diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.
 
Rhombus: A rhombus has all of the properties of a
parallelogram. All sides of a rhombus are congruent.
The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular and
bisect the angles of the rhombus.
 
parallelogram. A square has all of the properties of a
rectangle. A square has all of the properties of a
rhombus. Page 10
51. ACT/SAT The vertices of a parallelogram are P
,Q ,R , and S . Which
 ANSWER:   D II and III only
Sample answer: (0, 0), (6, 0), (0, 6), (6, 6); the E I, II, and III
diagonals are perpendicular, and any four points on
the lines and
6-5 Rhombi equidistant
Squares from the intersection of the ANSWER:  
diagonals will be the vertices of a square. E

50. WRITING IN MATH Compare all of the 52. The diagonals of rhombus ABCD are and .
properties of the following quadrilaterals: Which of the following is not necessarily true?
parallelograms, rectangles, rhombi, and squares.
F     
ANSWER:   G  
Sample answer: H  and bisect each other.
  J     bisects ∠A.
Parallelogram: Opposite sides of a parallelogram are
parallel and congruent. Opposite angles of a ANSWER:  
parallelogram are G
congruent. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect
each other and each diagonal separates a 53. A supermarket sells trays of vegetables in the shape
parallelogram into two congruent triangles. of a rhombus. The diagonals of the tray form four
  compartments for the vegetables, as shown.
Rectangle: A rectangle has all the properties of a
parallelogram. A rectangle has four right angles. The
diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.
 
Rhombus: A rhombus has all of the properties of a
parallelogram. All sides of a rhombus are congruent.
The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular and
bisect the angles of the rhombus.  
  Given that m∠EFG = 130, what is m∠HGJ?
Square: A square has all of the properties of a A 130
parallelogram. A square has all of the properties of a B 65
rectangle. A square has all of the properties of a C 50
rhombus. D 25

51. ACT/SAT The vertices of a parallelogram are P ANSWER:  

,Q ,R , and S . Which D
of the following terms apply to the parallelogram?
            I. Square 54. GRIDDABLE QRST is a parallelogram and x = 10.
            II. Rectangle What is m∠QRS? 
            III. Rhombus

A I only
B II only
C III only
D II and III only
E I, II, and III ANSWER:  
60
ANSWER:  
E

52. The diagonals of rhombus ABCD are and .

Which of the following is not necessarily true?

F     
G  
H  and bisect each other.
J     bisects ∠A.
ANSWER:  
G Manual - Powered by Cognero
eSolutions Page 11

53. A supermarket sells trays of vegetables in the shape