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Civics Social
d
frightened. Raghu's family owned
many fields and besides, his uncle
he
was also the Sarpanch of the village.
But even so, he plucked up courage
and went to Raghu's house.
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is
A heated argument followed.
Raghu refused to accept that he had
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moved the bund. He called one of his
away.
He was badly hurt on his head
and hand. He was given first aid by
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d
Every police station has an area
that comes under its control. All
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persons in that area can report cases or
inform the police about any theft,
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accident, injury, fight, etc. It is the
is
responsibility of the police of that
then investigating them. Mohan
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station to enquire, to investigate and
showed him his injuries but the S.H.O
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take action on the cases within its area.
did not believe him.
1. If there is a theft in your house Mohan was puzzled and did not
which police station would you go
know what to do. He was not sure why
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said that he wanted to give the be registered. Finally the officer agreed.
complaint in writing. The S.H.O rudely He asked Mohan to write down his
brushed him aside saying that he complaint and also told the people that
couldn't be bothered to waste his time he would send a constable the next day
writing down minor complaints and to investigate the incident.
/ 51
Rural Administration
Maintenance of Land Records Karamchari or Village Officer etc. We
You saw that Mohan and Raghu were will refer to this officer as Patwari.
arguing heatedly whether the common Each Patwari is responsible for a
boundary of their fields had been group of villages. The Patwari
shifted. Isn't there a way by which they maintains and updates the records of
could have settled this dispute in a the village.
peaceful manner? Are there records The map and the corresponding
that show who owns what land in the details from the register on the next
village? Let's find out how this is done. page are a small part of the records
Measuring land and keeping land kept by the Patwari.
d
records is the main work of the The Patwari usually has ways of
he
Patwari. The Patwari is known by measuring agricultural fields. In some
different names in different states - in places a long chain is used. In the
some villages such officers are above instance the Patwari would have
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called Lekhpal, in others Kanungo or measured both Mohan's and Raghu's
is
fields and compared them with the
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measurements on the map. If they did
in your state.
If you live in a rural area find out:
How many villages does the Patwari of
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Khasra 5
Area cultivatedArea
If it is rented Facilities
No. Area in this year not
Name of owner, to some other
hectare Father or culti-
farmer, Crop Area Sec- vated
husband's name, their name ond
address grown fallow
and rent crop
grown
land
received
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he
0.75 Mohan, Son of Raja No Soya- 0.75
Ram, Village bean Hectare
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Amrapura owner
is
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3.00 Raghu Ram, Son of No Soya- 2.75 0.25
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Ratan Lall, Village bean, Hectare
Amrapura owner Wheat, 1.75 Well -1
irriga- working
ted
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Mohan's field?
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Legend 3
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Boundary 8
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Well
Grassland |
Sketch map – not to scale
| Kachcha Road
Pakka road
Tree
Rural Administration / 53
and keeping track of all this is the Farmers often require a copy of their land's
work of the revenue department of record together with a map, as shown in
the government. Senior people in the previous illustration. They have a right
this department supervise the to this information. They may have to pay
Patwari's work. a small fee for this.
All states in India are divided However, this information is not easily
made available and farmers sometimes
into districts. For managing matters
have to face many problems to get it. In
relating to land these districts are some states, records are now being
further sub-divided. These sub- computerised and also kept at the
divisions of a district are known by Panchayat office so that they are more
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different names such as tehsil, easily available and regularly updated.
taluka, etc. At the head is the
he
When do you think farmers may require a
District Collector and under her are copy of this record? Study the following
the revenue officers, also known as situations and identify the cases in which
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tehsildars. They have to hear these records would be necessary and why.
is
disputes. They also supervise the * A farmer wants to buy a plot of land from
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work of the Patwaris and ensure another.
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that records are properly kept and * A farmer wants to sell her produce to
land revenue is collected. They another.
make sure that the farmers can * A farmer wants a loan from the bank to
easily obtain a copy of their record, dig a well in her land.
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students can obtain their caste * A farmer wants to purchase fertilizers for
his field.
certificates etc. The Tehsildar's
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told.
But I really want a place of
my own,
Not dowry of silk and gold.
(Source: Reflections on MY FAMILY,
Anjali Monteiro,TISS)
54 / Social and Political Life
A New Law This law will benefit a large number
(Hindu Succession Amendment Act, of women. For example Sudha is the
2005) eldest daughter of an agricultural
Often when we think of farmers who family. She is married and lives in a
own land, we think of men. Women are neighbouring village. After her father's
seen as people who work on the fields, death Sudha often comes to help her
but not as people who own mother with the farming work.
agricultural land. Till recently in some
Her mother has asked the Patwari
states Hindu women did not get a
to transfer the land and enter her
share in the family's agricultural land.
d
name along with the names of all the
After the death of the father his
children in his record.
property was divided equally only
he
among his sons. Sudha's mother confidently
Recently, the law was changed. In organises the farming with the help of
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the new law sons, daughters and their the younger brother and sister.
is
mothers can get an equal share in the Similarly Sudha also lives with the
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land. The same law will apply to all assurance that if she ever has a
bl
states and union territories of the problem she can always depend upon
country. her share of the land.
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seeds and fertiliser, the post office or sub post office, the anganwadi,
crèche, government school/s, health centre or government hospital etc.
Collect information on three public services and discuss with your
teacher how improvements can be made in their functioning. One
example has been worked out.
Public Problems
service What do they faced by
What did you Problems Improvements
need to do in those
notice about Area covered faced by that can be
order to use managing
their work? people made
the facility? the
service
no
The shop was
Improve
open. Three
quality of
people came.
Fair- They need a There is Rice is of rice. Make
They all had
price This shop ration card. not very bad kerosene
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yellow cards.
shop covers two This has to be enough quality.We available.
They bought
(ratio villages. made at the supply of never get The fair price
sugar and
tehsil office.
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shop) kerosene. kerosene. shop should
rice. Kerosene
be kept open
was not
every day.
available.
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Health
centre
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is
Milk
society
Rural Administration
he
d
/ 55
56 / Social and Political Life
QUESTIONS
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important issue? Why?
he
5. In what ways are the work of the Panchayat, that you read about in
the previous chapter, and the work of the Patwari related to each
other?
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6. Visit a police station and find out the work that the police have to do
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to prevent crime and maintain law and order in their area especially
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during festivals, public meetings etc.
9. In your neighbourhood are there women who own property? How did
they acquire it?
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no