5/1/2021 Reinforcement Pad Calculation for Branch Connection - Make Piping Easy

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Reinforcement Pad Calculation for

Branch Connection
R e h a n A h m a d K h a n ( H t t p s : / / M a k e p i p i n g e a s y. C o m / A u t h o r / A d m i n / )

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A reinforcement pad or RF pad is used to strengthen the fabricated or welded pipe branch
connection joints. Standard branch fittings such as Tee and Olets Fittings
(https://makepipingeasy.com/olets-fittings-a-complete-guide/) are generally used to take out
the branch from the header or runner pipe, but these standard fittings are not easily
available and economical for a large size range.

In such cases, we are required to make the fabricated branch connection (stub-in or stub-on).
Fabricated branch connections are not as strong as the standard branch fittings, so to recover
this strength gap between the standard branch fittings and fabricated branch joints, it is
required to use the reinforcement pad or RF pad. But, it is not compulsory that all the fabricated
branch connection joints are required a reinforcement pad.
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5/1/2021 Reinforcement Pad Calculation for Branch Connection - Make Piping Easy

In this article, we will learn, how to decide whether the reinforcement pad is required or
H O M E ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / )
C AT E G O R I E S 
not for the size combination of the header and branch pipe? What should be the thickness
and dimensions of the RF pad or reinforcement Pad?
N E W S ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / O I L - G A S - N E W S / )

Table of Contents 
C O N TA C T ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / C O N TA C T / )
1. Fabricated Branch Connection Nomenclature
2. Formulas used for Reinforcement Pad Calculation
A B3.OInputs
UT (HT TPS://MA
Required K ERF
for PIP ING
Pad E A S Y. C O M / A B O U T - U S / )
Calculation
4. Reinforcement Pad Calculation Steps
P R5.I VReinforcement
A C Y ( H T T P S : /Pad
/ M AThickness
K E P I P I N GCalculation
E A S Y. C O M / P R I VA C Y - P O L I C Y / )

Search … Search
Fabricated Branch Connection
Nomenclature
A pipe having a fabricated or welded branch connection is weakened by cutting out some area
from the header pipe to fit the branch pipe on to it.

Unless the wall thickness of the pipe is sufficient to sustain the pressure, it is necessary to
provide added reinforcement pad. The amount of reinforcement or strength required to sustain
the pressure is determined in accordance with para. 304.3.3 or 304.3.4 of ASME B31.3. Let’s see
the nomenclature as per para 304.3.3 below-

Where,

A1 = Area removed from the header or run pipe

A2 = Extrathickness available in the header pipe
A3 = Extrathickness available in the branch pipe
A4 = Area of RF Pad & area of welding 
https://makepipingeasy.com/reinforcement-pad-calculation-for-branch-connection/ 2/16
5/1/2021 Reinforcement Pad Calculation for Branch Connection - Make Piping Easy

L4 = Height of the reinforcement zone

H O M E ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / ) C AT E G O R I E S 
β = Angle between axes of the branch and header or run pipe

N
d1E W S ( H T T P Slength
= Effective : / / M A Kremoved
EPIPINGE A S Y .the
from COM / O Ior
run L-G AS-NEW
header S/)
pipe
d2 = Half-width of the reinforcement zone
DObN=TOutside
C A C T ( H Tdiameter
T P S : / / M Aof
K Ebranch
P I P I N Gpipe
E A S Y. C O M / C O N TA C T / )
Dh = Outside diameter of run or header pipe

A B O U T ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / A B O U T - U S / )

P R I VA C Y ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / P R I VA C Y - P O L I C Y / )

Th = Tb = Thickness after deducting mill tolerance from nominal pipe thickness or ordering
Search … Search
thickness of run and branch pipe respectively

th = tb = Calculated pipe thickness as per the equation of para. 304.1 of ASME B31.3
(https://makepipingeasy.com/pipe-thickness-calculation-for-internal-pressure/) for run and
branch respectively.

C = Corrosion allowance
Tr = Minimum thickness of reinforcement pad

Formulas used for Reinforcement Pad

Calculation
To decide, whether the reinforcement pad or RF pad is required or not, the following formulas
are used-

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5/1/2021 Reinforcement Pad Calculation for Branch Connection - Make Piping Easy

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C O N TA C T ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / C O N TA C T / )

A B O U T ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / A B O U T - U S / )

P R I VA C Y ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / P R I VA C Y - P O L I C Y / )

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Inputs Required for RF Pad Calculation

Run pipe material- A672Gr.B
Branch pipe material- A106 Gr.B
Run pipe type- Welded
Branch pipe type- Seamless
Dh– 20″ = 508 mm
Db– 14″ = 355.6 mm
β- 90°

Design Pressure- 503 Psi

Design Temperature- 400°C
Mill tolerance for run or header pipe- ±0.3 mm
Mill tolerance for branch pipe- ±12.5% mm
Corrosion allowances for run pipe (C)- 3 mm
Corrosion allowances for branch pipe (C)- 3 mm

Reinforcement Pad Calculation Steps

Follow the below steps to get the result:

Step 1: Calculate the Run and Branch Pipe


Thicknesses
https://makepipingeasy.com/reinforcement-pad-calculation-for-branch-connection/ 4/16
5/1/2021 Reinforcement Pad Calculation for Branch Connection - Make Piping Easy

I have already written an article on Pipe Thickness Calculation. Click here to see the
H O M E ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / ) C AT E G O R I E S 
calculation steps (https://makepipingeasy.com/pipe-thickness-calculation-for-internal-
pressure/)
N E W S ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / O I L - G A S - N E W S / )

After following the steps mentioned in above articles, we have got the following value
C O N TA C T ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / C O N TA C T / )
th = 11.83 mm
tb = 7.06 mm
A B O U T ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / A B O U T - U S / )

P R I VA C Y ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / P R I VA C Y - P O L I C Y / )

Search … Search
Now, we can get Th & Tb from the above value
Th = 16-0.3 = 15.70 mm
Tb = 15.09×0.875 = 13.20 mm

Step 2: Find d1
Put the required values in equation (2) of formulas section

d1  = [355.6 – 2(13.20 – 3)] / Sin 90° = 335.20 mm

Step 3: Calculate A1
Put the required values in equation (1)

A1  = 11.83 × 335.20 (2 – Sin 90°) = 3965.41 mm2

Step 4: Find d2
Put the required values in equation (4)

d2  = Max[335.20 ; {(13.20-3)+(15.70-3)+(335.20/2)}]
      = Max[335.20 ; 190.50]
d2  = 335.20 mm

Step 5: Now, Calculate A2

Put the required values in equation (3)

A2  = [(2×335.20)-335.20)(15.70-11.83-3)]= 291.62 mm2

Step 6: Find L4
Put the required values in equation (6)

L4  = Min[{2.5(15.70-3)} ; {2.5(13.20-3)+0}] (Considering Tr = 0)

     = Min[31.75 ; 25.5] 
L4  = 25.50 mm

https://makepipingeasy.com/reinforcement-pad-calculation-for-branch-connection/ 5/16
5/1/2021 Reinforcement Pad Calculation for Branch Connection - Make Piping Easy

Step 7: Now, Calculate A3

H O M E ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / ) C AT E G O R I E S 

Put the required values in equation (5)

N E W S ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / O I L - G A S - N E W S / )
A3 = 2×25.5(13.20-7.06-3)/Sin90° = 160.14 mm2

C O N TA C T ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / C O N TA C T / )
Step 8: Find tc
Put
A B Othe
U T required
( H T T P S : / /values
M A K E Pin
I Pequation
I N G E A S Y .(8)
COM/ABOUT-US/)

t = Min [0.7×15.09 ; 6]
PcR  I V A C Y ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y . C O M / P R I V A C Y - P O L I C Y / )
= Min [10.56 ; 6]
tc = 6 mm
Search … Search

Step 9: Now, Calculate A4

Put the required values in equation (7)

A4 = 2×62 = 72 mm2

Step 10: Check if A1≥A2+A3+A4

Add A2+A3+A4 = 291.62+160.14+72 = 523.76 mm2 and we have A1 = 3965.41 mm2

Now, we can see A1>A2+A3+A4

Therefore, it is clear that we need to provide an RF pad to strengthen the joint.

Important Note:
If A1<A2+A3+A4 then RF Pad or Reinforcement Pad is not needed to provide

Reinforcement Pad Thickness Calculation

In most cases, RF Pad thickness is the same as the header or run pipe thickness, but we need to
cross-check whether the reinforcement pad can be made from the run pipe.

So, Let’s consider RF Pad is taken from the header with the outer diameter (Dr ) = 2Db = 711.20
mm and thickness (Tr ) = Th = 15.70 mm

Note: RF Pad diameter is taken as two times the outer diameter of the branch pipe.
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5/1/2021 Reinforcement Pad Calculation for Branch Connection - Make Piping Easy

Step 1: Calculate L4 again considering RF Pad is

H O M E ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / )
C AT E G O R I E S 
already provided
L4E  =
N W SMin[{2.5(T -C)}
( H T T P S : / /hM AKE; {2.5(T
PIPINGb-C)+T }]O M / O I L - G A S - N E W S / )
E A S Y r. C

L4  = Min[{2.5(15.70-3)} ; {2.5(13.20-3)+15.70}] =  291.62 mm2

    O N
C = TMin[31.75
A C T ( H T T;P41.12]
S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / C O N TA C T / )
L4  = 31.75 mm

A B O U T ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / A B O U T - U S / )
Step 2: Now, Calculate A3 considering RF Pad
AR3 I=V A
P 2×L
C Y4 ((T
HTb-t
Tb P-C)
S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / P R I VA C Y - P O L I C Y / )
= 2×31.75 (13.20-7.06-3)
ASearch 2
3= 199.39
… mm Search

Step 3: Calculate A4 considering RF Pad

A4 = [{2×d1 – (Db / Sinβ)}(Th)+2tc2]
= [{2×335.20 – (355.6/sin90°)}(15.70)+(2×62)]
A4= 5014.36 mm2

Step 4: Now Check if A1<A2+A3+A4

We have from the old calculation,
A1 = 3965.41 mm2
A2 = 291.62 mm2

We know from the latest calculation,

A3= 199.39 mm2
A4= 5014.36 mm2

Now, let’s check the condition below

IF A1<A2+A3+A4 = 3965.41<291.62+199.39+5014.36
3965.41< 5505.37

We can see from the above calculation A1<A2+A3+A4

The above result ensures that a reinforcement pad can be made from the header or run pipe for
our case.

If still A1≥A2+A3+A4 then we need to use a higher thickness pipe for reinforcement pad or RF
pad.

We need to continue the calculation with the increased thickness of the pipe until the condition
“A1<A2+A3+A4” met.

I hope, now you can easily do the calculation for Reinforcement Pad. Do
practice once or twice with other examples to clear all the doubts. 
Thanks for reading.

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5/1/2021 Reinforcement Pad Calculation for Branch Connection - Make Piping Easy

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About Rehan Ahmad Khan

I'm a graduate in mechanical engineering, and a piping professional. I'm
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share my knowledge with the other Piping Engineers and as a result, I am here
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4 thoughts on “Reinforcement Pad Calculation

for Branch Connection”

RABI AHMAD says: 

https://makepipingeasy.com/reinforcement-pad-calculation-for-branch-connection/ 9/16
5/1/2021 Reinforcement Pad Calculation for Branch Connection - Make Piping Easy

September 16, 2020 at 1:53 pm (https://makepipingeasy.com/reinforcement-pad-calculation-for-

H O M E ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / ) C AT E G O R I E S 
branch-connection/#comment-95)

THIS
N E WRF
S (PAD
HTTPCALCULATION ISGREALLY
S://MAKEPIPIN E A S Y . C OVERY HELPFUL
M/OIL FOR
-GAS-NEW S / ) ME, IT HAS CLEARED MY DOUBT.

THANK YOU.
C O N TA C T ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / C O N TA C T / )
Reply

A B O U T ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / A B O U T - U S / )

Rehan Ahmad Khan (https://makepipingeasy.com) says:

P R I VA C Y ( H T T P S : / / M A K E P I P I N G E A S Y. C O M / P R I VA C Y - P O L I C Y / )

February 26, 2021 at 9:05 am (https://makepipingeasy.com/reinforcement-pad-calculation-

Search … Search
for-branch-connection/#comment-1188)

Thanks, Ravi

Reply

Anthony says:

November 8, 2020 at 10:15 am (https://makepipingeasy.com/reinforcement-pad-calculation-for-

branch-connection/#comment-175)

Your article is very simple.

Reply

Rehan Ahmad Khan (https://makepipingeasy.com) says:

February 26, 2021 at 9:05 am (https://makepipingeasy.com/reinforcement-pad-calculation-

for-branch-connection/#comment-1189)

Thanks for the read Anthony

Reply

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Hi and welcome to makepipingeasy.com My name is Rehan Ahmad Khan, I'm a graduate in

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