Nahw Day - 5

Partly flexible can be made fully flexible By adding

ْ
1. AL (‫)ال‬
2. By making it Mudaf

Comparative / color / disability — ‫أَفْ َع ُل‬

Isms in the pattern of (‫ )أَفْ َع ُل‬are partly flexible i.e U-A-A

Color Comparitive

ُ َ‫أَبْي‬
white - ‫ض‬ greater- ‫أ َ ْكبَ ُر‬

red - ‫أ َ ْح َم ُر‬ more preferred-‫ض ُل‬

َ ْ‫أَف‬

ْ َ‫أ‬
َ ‫خ‬
green - ‫ض ُر‬ prettier-‫أ َ ْج َم ُل‬

ْ َ‫أ‬
black - ‫س َو ُد‬ َ ‫أ َ ْح‬
more beautiful-ُ‫سن‬

yellow -‫صفَ ُر‬

ْ َ‫أ‬ ْ َ‫أ‬
smaller -‫ص َغ ُر‬

Disability greater -‫أ َ ْعظَ ُم‬

Mute - ‫أبْ َك ُم‬ more honored -‫أ َ ْك َر ُم‬

one who lost his limb - ‫أ َ ْع َر ُج‬ more knowledgeable-‫أ َ ْع َل ُم‬

‫ض َل‬
َ ْ‫ض َل أَف‬
َ ْ‫ض ُل أَف‬
َ ْ‫أَف‬ ‫أ َ ْج َم ُل أ َ ْج َم َل أ َ ْج َم َل‬ ‫أ َ ْكبَ ُر أ َ ْكبَ َر أ َ ْكبَ َر‬
‫أ َ ْع َل ُم أ َ ْع َل َم أ َ ْع َل َم‬ َ ‫س َن أ َ ْح‬
‫س َن‬ َ ‫س ُن أ َ ْح‬
َ ‫أ َ ْح‬ ‫أ َ ْعظَ ُم أ َ ْعظَ َم أ َ ْعظَ َم‬
ْ َ ‫ص َغ َر أ‬
‫ص َغ َر‬ ْ َ ‫ص َغ ُر أ‬
ْ َ‫أ‬ ‫أ َ ْك َر ُم أ َ ْك َر َم أ َ ْك َر َم‬

 ْ is added to ‫ أَفْ َع ُل‬then it becomes superlative and

If (‫)ال‬
fully flexible U-A-I
‫األص َغ ِر‬
ْ ‫األص َغ َر‬
ْ ‫األص َغ ُر‬
ْ ِ ‫األ ْك َر ُم األ ْك َر َم األ ْك َرم‬ ‫األ َ ْكبَ ُر األ َ ْكبَ َر األ َ ْكبَ ِر‬
‫ض ِل‬
َ ْ‫ض َل األف‬
َ ْ‫ض ُل األف‬
َ ْ‫األف‬ ‫األج َم ِل‬
ْ ‫األج َم َل‬
ْ ‫األج َم ُل‬
ْ ِ ‫األ ْع َل ُم األ ْع َل َم األ ْع َلم‬
‫س ِن‬
َ ‫األح‬
ْ ‫س َن‬
َ ‫األح‬
ْ ‫س ُن‬
َ ‫األح‬
ْ ِ ‫األ ْعظَ ُم األ ْعظَ َم األ ْعظَم‬

More auhtoritative - ‫أ َ ْح َك ُم‬

Most authoritative- ‫األح َك ُم‬
ْ
More knowledgeable- ‫أ َ ْع َل ُم‬
Most knowledgeable ‫األ ْع َل ُم‬

E.g َ‫أَليْس الُ بِأَعلَمَ مبِا ف صُدورِ العاملي‬

Q)Here why is ‫ أ ْعل َم‬looking like Nasb if its with HOJ ‫? ب‬

A) ‫ أ ْعل َم‬is majroor here, coz its beaten up by HOJ (‫)ب‬.since
its a comparitive ism,its partly flexible (U-A-A). Therefore
the majroor form of ‫ أ َ ْعل ُم‬would be ‫أ َ ْعل َم‬.

(j) ‫(أ َ ْع َل َم‬n) ‫(أ َ ْع َل َم‬r) ‫أ َ ْع َل ُم‬

 If partly flexible serves as a mudaf,then its fully flexible.

َ‫بِأَحْكَمِ احلاكِمي‬
light , no ْ‫ ال‬- ِ‫أحْكَم‬
Jarr - َ‫احلاكِمي‬

Here ِ ‫( أ َ ْح َكم‬comparitive ism) is mudaf and therefore it

became fully flexible. So ِ ‫أح َكم‬
ْ ‫أح َك َم‬
ْ ‫أح َك ُم‬
ْ

* A word can play multiple grammatical role .its chain to

something before and something ahead of it.
* Some words looks exactly same but belong to different
group ( ism ,if’l)
* E.g ‫ أ َ ْع َل ُم‬- comparitive ism ( More knowledgeable)
* ‫ أ َ ْع َل ُم‬- Present tense fi’l ( i know )

QA session
Q )Is there a way to differentiate when a word belongs to
ism or fi’l when they are spelt the same?
E.g ‫(ا ْعل ُم‬fi’l) i- know.
‫ ا ْع َل ُم‬- ( Ism ) More knowledgeable

e.g from sura Baqara : ُ‫إِنّي اَعْلَم‬

Fi’l meaning would be : certainly i know
Ism meaning would be : certainly i am more
knowledgeable.
The ayah is ِ‫إِنّي اَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السماواتِ واألرْض‬
َ‫ غيْب‬- is in Nasb status so, ُ‫ اَعْلَم‬cannot be an ism .
An ism can only make another ism Jarr (idafah) not
Nasb.Therefore here the ism meaning of ‫ ا َ ْع َل ُم‬is invalid
and ‫ب‬َ ْ‫ غي‬is detail of the fi’l ‫أ َ ْع َل ُم‬.
Translation would be : certainly i know the unseen of the
skies and the earth.

*context of an ayah plays an important role

 ISM MAWSOOL

Masculine
the one who / which- ‫ا َ ّل ِذي‬
those who / the ones who - ‫ا َ ّلذي َن‬

Feminine

the one who / which- ‫ا َ َّل ِتي‬

them ladies who -‫ ا َّلواتى‬/‫االعى‬/‫تى‬
ّ ّ
‫اال‬

what: ‫ما‬
who /whoever / someone who : ‫من‬