Lesson Plan in Operations on Functions (Addition & Subtraction)

By: MONALIZA P. VISTO

I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the period, the students should be able to:
1. Define the sum and difference of two functions.
2. Perform addition in Operations on Functions.
3. Perform subtraction in Operations on Functions.
II. Subject Matter
A. Topic: Operations on Functions (Addition and Subtraction)
B. References: General Mathematics Grade 11 Teacher’s Guide
C. Learning Competencies: Performs addition and subtraction of functions
M11GM-Ia-3
D. Materials: Cartolina, cardboard, projector, laptop and handouts
E. Values Integration: Activeness and cooperation
III. Procedure

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

A. Preparation
(Prayer)
May I request everyone to stand and start our (Student A will lead the prayer)
day with a prayer.
(Greetings)
Good morning class! Good morning Mrs. Visto!

Before you take your seats, please arrange your (Students arrange the chairs.)
chair and pick up the trashes. Thank you.

Let me remind you first our classroom rules.

1. Raise your hand if you want to answer.
2. No using of cell phones.
3. Respect each other.
What are you going to do with these rules? Obey and follow ma’am.

Yes, you must obey and follow.

(Attendance)
I will check your attendance according to your Yes ma’am.
seat plan. Are you in your proper seat right now?
(Review)
Let’s have a review first in addition & subtraction
of algebraic expression.
Solution.
2
Example 1. Get the sum of (2x - 5x + 2) and (x2 + 12x - 5) + (3x2 - 2x) = 4x2 + 10x - 5
(3x2 + 2x)
Example 2. Get the difference of (2x 2 - 5x + 2) Solution.
and (3x2 + 2x) (x2 + 12x - 5) - (3x2 - 2x) = -2x2 + 14x - 5

(Motivation)
I will show you a video and you will answer the (Students will watch the video)
following questions right after.
Questions:
1. What can you say about the video? 1. The video is all about function.
2. What have you observed? 2. The video says about the domain and
3. What is the message in the video? range of a function.
3. The video shows the students’ learning
about functions.
(Introduction)
Very good! The video was all about functions
that are related to our topic for today since we
will discuss the “Operations on Functions” with
addition and subtraction.

Please listen carefully class because at the end of

our discussion, you are expected to perform the
addition and subtraction of functions and
appreciate the importance of functions in real
life.
Is that clear class? Yes, ma’am.

The important concept that you need to

understand in this lesson is that adding and
subtracting two or more functions will result in
another function.

Definition.
Let f and g be functions. (Students attentively listen to the discussion)
a. Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the
function defined by (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x).
b. Their difference, denoted by f – g, is the
function defined by (f - g)(x) = f(x) – g(x).

Consider the following functions on the board.

Use these functions to develop the examples
below.

 f ( x )=x +3
 v ( x )=x 2 +5 x + 4
 p ( x ) =2 x−7
 g ( x )=x 2+2 x−8
Example 3. Determine the following functions.
a. (v + g)(x)
b. (p - f)(x)

Solution.
a. (v + g)(x) = (x2 + 5x +4) + (x2 + 2x - 8)
= 2x2 + 7x – 4
b. (p - f)(x) = (2x -7) - (x + 3) = 2x - 7 - x – 3
= x - 10
A. Activity (Grouping)
I’ll group you class into 4 groups. In each
group, choose a representative to explain (Students will go to their respective groups)
your answer in front. I have here 4 colour
envelopes for your materials and inside are
the instruction. At the right top of your
handouts, there is indicated what group you
will belong. Number 1 is for group 1, 2 is for
group 2, 3 is for group 3 and 4 is under
group 4. I have here a rubric as assessment
tool for your output. I’ll give you 5 minutes
to do the activity. Now, please go to your
respective group in silence.

Rubrics for Activity 1

POINTS INDICATORS
Shows eagerness and cooperation to
5 do the task, participation actively, do
great help on the group.
Shows eagerness and cooperation to
4
do the task, good followers only.
Participated but late, with teacher’s
3
supervision.
Activity was done does not show
2 eagerness to participate or
cooperate.
No interest in participating the
1
activities.

(After 5 minutes, each group will explain

their output by their representative)
Consider the following functions, solve the
problems that follow.
 f(x) = 2x + 1
 q(x) = x2 - 2x + 2
 2 x+1
 r(x) = x−1
Group 1
Group 1 – Perform the addition of functions.
Express the function f1(x) = x2 + 3 as a sum or
Group 2 – Perform the subtraction of
difference of the functions above.
functions
Solution. The solution can involve some trial
Group 3 – Define the sum of two functions.
and error. Add q(x) and f(x) and check if the
Group 4 – Define the difference of two
sum is x2 + 3.
functions.
q(x) + f(x) = (x2 - 2x + 2) + (2x +1)
= x2 + 3
Group 1
= f1(x)
Express the function f1(x) = x2 + 3 as a sum or
Thus f1(x) = q(x) + f(x) .
difference of the functions above.
Group 2
Solution. The solution can involve some trial
Express the function f2(x) = x2 - 4x + 1 as a
and error. Add q(x) and f(x) and check if the
sum or difference of the functions above.
sum is x2 + 3.
Solution. The solution can involve some trial
Group 2
and error. Check if q(x) - f(x) gives x2 - 4x + 1.
Express the function f2(x) = x2 - 4x + 1 as a
q(x) - f(x) = (x2 - 2x + 2) - (2x +1)
sum or difference of the functions above.
= x2 - 4x + 1
Solution. The solution can involve some trial
= f2(x)
and error. Check if q(x) - f(x) gives x2 - 4x + 1.
Thus f2(x) = q(x) - f(x) .
Group 3. From the example given, analyse
Group 3. From the example given, analyse
the solution and define the sum of two
the solution and define the sum of two
functions.
functions.
2 x2+ x
Express the function f3 (x) = as a sum 2 x2+ x
x−1 Express the function f3 (x) = as a sum
x−1
or difference of the functions above.
or difference of the functions above.
2 x2+ x
Group 4. From the example given, analyse Solution. Because has x - 1 as a
x−1
the solution and define the difference of two 2 x +1
functions. denominator, then r(x) = must be one
2 x−1
2x +x
Express the function f3 (x) = as a sum of the functions in our solution. Let’s try to
x−1 add f(x) and r(x) :
or difference of the functions above.
2 x+1
B. Analysis
x−1
The following are the answers from the f(x) + r(x) = 2x + 1 +
previous item in a new notation. ( 2 x +1 ) ( x−1) 2 x +1
= +
1. f1(x) = q(x) + f(x) = (q + f)(x) x−1 x−1
2. f2(x) = q(x) - f(x) = (q - f)(x) ( 2 x +1 ) ( x −1 )+(2 x+1)
=
3. f3(x) = f(x) + r(x) = (f + r)(x) x−1
2
( 2 x −x−1 )+(2 x+1)
=
 In finding the sum of the functions, the x−1
following steps will be applied:
 1. Write the equation based on the 2 x2+ x
=
given functions; x−1
2. Substitute the given values of the = f3(x)
functions to the equation. Thus f3(x) = f(x) + r(x) .
3. Simplify the values to get the final Group 4. From the example given, analyse
answer. the solution and define the difference of two
functions.
 In finding the difference of the 2 x2+ x
Express the function f3 (x) = as a sum
functions, the following steps will be x−1
applied: or difference of the functions above.
1. Write the equation based on the 2 x2+ x
given functions; Solution. Because has x - 1 as a
x−1
2. Substitute the given values of the 2 x +1
denominator, then r(x) = must be one
functions to the equation. x−1
3. Distribute the negative or minus sign of the functions in our solution. Let’s try to
on the quantities inside the parenthesis. subtract f(x) and r(x) :
4. Simplify the values to get the final
answer. 2 x+1
f(x) + r(x) = 2x + 1 - x−1
( 2 x +1 ) ( x−1) 2 x+ 1
= −
x−1 x−1
( 2 x +1 ) ( x −1 )−(2 x +1)
=
x−1
2
( 2 x −x−1 )−(2 x +1)
C. Abstraction =
THE SUM OF TWO FUNCTIONS x−1
2
Definition. Given two functions f and g, the = 2 x + x
sum of two functions denoted by f + g is x−1
defined by the equation, (f + g)(x) = f(x) + = f3(x)
g(x).

THE DIFFERENCE OF TWO FUNCTIONS Answer:

Definition. Given two functions f and g, the a. 7x + 4
difference of two functions denoted by f - g b. x2 + 4x + 7
is defined by the equation, (f - g)(x) = f(x) - c. x2 + x + 3
g(x).
a. 5x - 6
2
 In real life, we need to consider for b. -x2 - 2x + 3
example the profit function in terms of c. -x + 11x - 5
the item we made and sold. In fact the
profit function is the difference between
the sales income and the cost in terms
of the item we made and sold. If let x
denote the item we made and sold, then
 the profit function can be expressed as
P(x) = S(x) - C(x).

 In real life example, we can see that we

do have the demand to consider the
difference between the two functions.

D. Application
Pair-Share seatwork.
Find the sum of the given functions given the
following:

Given. f(x) = 6x – 1; g(x) = x + 5;

p(x) = x2 + 3x + 2; h(x) = x2 - 5x + 4
a. f + g
b. g + p
c. f + h

Find the difference of the given functions

given above:
a. f - g
b. g - p
c. f - h

Evaluation
Given functions f and g below, find and
simplify the following functions: f + g; f - g.
a. f(x) = x + 2; g(x) = x2 - 4
Answer: x2 + x - 2: -x2 + x + 6
b. Define the sum of two functions denoted
by f + g by an equation.

c. Define the difference of two functions

denoted by f + g by an equation.

Assignment
Study the multiplication and division of
functions.