Republic Act No.
11508 Health- the condition of being sound in
-all safety and health personnel shall
undergo the mandatory orientation or
training on OSH as prescribed by DOLE
3 major fields
• Occupational safety
• Occupational health
• Industrial hygiene
Occupational safety
-Deals with understanding and
preventing accidents at work
Occupational health
-Explains how the different hazards
and risks at work may affect health of
workers
Industrial hygiene
- Identification, evaluation, and
control of physical, chemical, biological and
ergonomic hazards.
MEASURES OF SAFETY PERFOMANCE
OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES:
• Frequency rate was registered at 1.75
percent
• Incidence rate was posted at 4.27
percent
• Severity rate was recorded at 9.68
Occupational Accident - an unexpected and
unplanned occurrence
Occupation Injury - an injury which results
from a work-related event
Near miss – disruption of normal process
that does not result to injury or equipment
damage
Safety – the condition of being safe from
undergoing or causing hurt, injury or loss
body, mind or spirit
Temporary incapacity - case where an
injured person was absent from
work for at least one day, excluding the day
of accident
Permanent incapacity - case where an
injured person was absent from
work for at least one day
Fatal case - case where a person is fatally
injured as a result of
occupational accident
Frequency Rate (FR) – cases of
occupational injuries with workdays lost
per 1,000,000 employee-hours of exposure.
Workdays lost - working days an injured
person was absent from work
Case without workdays lost - where the
injured person required only first
aid or medical treatment on the day of the
accident
Occupational disease - an abnormal
condition resulting from an
occupational injury caused by exposure to
risk factors over a period of time
Incidence Rate (IR) –cases of occupational
injuries with workdays lost per
1,000 workers.
Severity Rate (SR) –workdays lost of cases
of occupational injuries
resulting to temporary incapacity per
1,000,000 employee-hours of
exposure.
Average Workdays Lost – workdays lost
for every case of occupational
injury resulting to temporary incapacity
Risk assessment – the overall process of hazard
identification, risk analysis, and risk evaluation
 Conduction - direct conduct of heat from one
Hazard identification – the process of finding, listing,
and characterizing hazards body to another

Risk analysis – a process for comprehending the Radiation - when energy travels through
nature of hazards and determining the level of risk.
space or material in waves
Risk evaluation – the process of comparing an
estimated risk against given risk criteria to determine
the significance of the risk.
3 phases of burning:
Risk control – actions implementing risk evaluation
decisions.
INCIPIENT STAGE - Initial stage of fire
Unsafe act- a violation of safe procedure

Unsafe conditions – situation or source of containing FREE BURNING PHASE -A phase of burning where
the hazard of force. materials are burning in the presence of oxygen

Module 6 SMOLDERING PHASE -Where flame ceases but dense

smoke and heat completely fill the area

Fire - the result of the chemical

combination of a combustible material(fuel) Products of Combustions
with oxygen in the presence of heat.

OXYGEN - We need 16% oxygen to sustain
fire.
HEAT - Sufficient heat to raise the
temperature of the fuel surface to a point
where chemical union of the fuel and oxygen
occurs.
FUEL/COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL - A material,
which contains chemical elements that will
react with oxygen, and under proper
conditions, produce fire.
CHEMICAL CHAIN REACTION - Vapors of
gases, which are distilled during the burning
process of a material, are carried into the
flame.
Fire gases - Refers to the vaporized products
of combustion
- Contain toxic and flammable gases
- Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Cyanide are
two of the most common fire gases.
Flame - Is the luminosity created by the
burning of gas
Heat - A form of energy measured in degrees
of temperature.
- Can cause burns, dehydration and heat
exhaustion.
Smoke - Is a visible product of incomplete
combustion
- Is also toxic to human life

3 METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER

FIRE EXTINGUISHING METHODS
Convection - the circulating medium of heat
transfer, occurs upwards.
Starving - By eliminating fuel
Smothering – by cutting off oxygen supply Wet Chemical extinguishers-designed
for use on Class F fires, involving
Cooling – by lowering the temperature to a
cooking oils and fats.
point below ignition temperature

Chemical inhibition – disrupting the

chemical chain reaction with fire
extinguishers Voltage (E) - potential
Fire extinguishers - a portable or
difference between two
movable apparatus used to put out a points in an electrical field.
small fire by directing onto it a
substance that cools the burning
Current (I) - movement or
material, deprives the flame of
oxygen, or interferes with the flow of electrical charges
chemical reactions occurring in the
flame. Resistance (R) - property of
material to oppose electric
Main types of fire extinguishers
current
Water fire extinguishers - Also known as
class ‘A’ fire extinguishers Conductor - permits the flow
of electric current
Foam fire extinguishers- most
common type of fire extinguisher for
Class B fires, but also work on Class A Inductor - provides barrier
fires as they are water-based. around a conductor
Dry Powder extinguishers-Standard
dry powder extinguishers are also Ohm’s Law - current flowing
called ‘ABC’ extinguishers because in a circuit is directly
they tackle class A, B and C fires
proportional to the voltage
Carbon dioxide extinguishers- used and inversely proportional to
for electrical fire risks and are usually the resistance
the main fire extinguisher type
provided in computer server rooms.
Let go current - maximum
Direct hazards - These are very
current that a person can common in companies that utilize oil,
tolerate when holding a water or any liquid in the production
process and in the construction
conductor industry where there are a lot of falling
debris, like small pieces of wood, nails,
and hand tools.
Ventricular fibrillation-
condition wherein the heart Physical hazards
will not pulse regularly
causing the heart to cease 2 types of Extreme Temperatures:
functioning
a.Extreme heat

Personal safety depends on: b.Extreme cold

Radiation
• Basic principles of electrical
safety a.Ionization radiation
• Safe work practices
• Correct response to emergencies b.Non-ionizing radiation

Machine Guarding- Static protective Three safety practices for controlling

device that protects the machine body exposure to radiation:
operator from machine hazards ■Time

■Distance
Machine Safeguards -Dynamic protective
device that reacts to a workers’ presence. ■Shielding

Electricity is the flow of an atom’s electrons through a

conductor
Chemical Hazards - These are
substances in solid, liquid or gaseous
forms known to cause poison, fire,
hazard is anything that produces adverse explosion or ill effects to health.
effects on anyone
Biological Hazards - These are hazards
caused by viruses, fungi and bacteria.
5 Classification of Hazards:
Ergonomic Hazards - These are caused
by improper posture or postural stress.
three methods in controlling
hazards:
■Engineering method
■Administrative method
■PPE
Head Protection
■Protecting employees from potential
head injuries is a key element of any
safety program.
Eye and Face-Protection A device that
provides eye protection from the
hazards
Ear Protection
Hazard: Excessive noise - Noise
exceeding 85-90 dB or more on eight
hour exposure.
Respiratory Protection
Hazards:
Mists or Vapors, Gases, Smoke,
Fumes, Particulates or dust,
Insufficient oxygen supply
Air-purifying respirators use filters or
sorbents to remove harmful
substances from the air.
Atmosphere-supplying respirators are
designed to provide breathable air
from a clean air source other than the
surrounding contaminated work
atmosphere
Hand and Arm Protection
Hand and arm protection is required
when workers' hands are exposed to
hazards such as harmful substances
that can be absorbed by the skin,
severe cuts or lacerations, severe
abrasions, chemical burns, thermal
burns, and temperature extremes.
Foot and Leg Protection
Hazards:
Falling or rolling objects
Sharp objects
Hot surfaces
Wet, slippery surfaces
Electricity
Torso/Full Body Protection
Workplace hazards that could cause
bodily injury include the following:
Intense heat
Splashes of hot metals and other hot
liquids
Impact from tools, machinery, and
other materials
Hazardous chemicals
Contact with potentially infectious
materials, like blood
Radiation