OVERVIEW OF SAFETY AND DISASTER RISK --Initial design specification

-- substitution
REDUCTION MANAGEMENT -- isolation (place)
-- ventilation
Department Order 21 Series Of 2015 -- change the process
- disaster risk reduction and management
coordination and information management protocol B) administrative control
- control the employees exposure
Do 2018-10-0017 -- scheduled reduced work hours
-- increase break time
I. Basic safety concepts -- SOPs
-- isolation (time)
Industrial Hygiene -- medical exams
- is the control of hazard the acceptable limits. This is -- workplace monitoring
the basic concept.
C) personal protective equipment(PPE)
Safety - use of a protective barrier to protect the worker
- freedom from accidents; freedom from harm, injury from the hazard
and loss
- it is a control of hazards and accidents in the Occupational Health
workplace - it is the promotion and maintenance of the highest
degree of physical, mental, a social being of workers
Accident in all occupations (ILO-1950)
- is usually the result of contact of man with the
source of energy above the threshold limit of the body Types of hazards
or structure 1. Physical hazards
- an occurrence that interrupts the normal and orderly 2. Chemical hazards
progress of any activity - three physical states: Liquid, solid, gas
- results in physical harm, damage to property, delay
in operation. 3. Biological hazards
- bacteria, viruses, fungi fungi, insects/parasites
Causes of accident
4. Ergonomic hazards
- unsafe condition-- seen as a physical or chemical - mismatch between the worker and his work
property and the material A. Improper tools and equipment design
- unsafe act-- a violation of safe procedure, classified B. Unnecessary and unusual lifting or reaching
as: (1) act of omission, (2) act of commission C. Repetitive motion
D. Stress at work
Hazard
- the potential of an act or condition that can lead to I. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
an accident NOISE
- is harmful sound, which has three characteristics:
Risk a. Frequency - measured in (hertz) cycles per
- the chance of physical or personal loss second
b. Loudness - intensity of sound measured in
Three steps to control hazards and accidents: Decibel (dB)
c. Duration - continuous intermittent, bursts,
1. Identify the hazard waxing or waning
Methods to identify the hazard (INSERT PIC)
A) by inspection-- this is done before the accident
occurs - adverse health effects of noise:
B) by investigation -- this is being done after the -- acoustic trauma (explosion, gunshot) - deafness
accident occurs -- temporary threshold shift (disco)
-- poor communication
2. Evaluate the hazard correct the hazard -- increase in blood pressure and stress
Methods to evaluate the hazard
Determine if the identified hazard complies with - control of noise problems in the workplace
Occupational Safety and Health Standards, OEL, -- engineering methods
TLV, PEL, NIOSH, others. --- purchase new equipment
--- preventive maintenance
3. Correct the hazard --- isolation/damping
-- administrative control
Methods to correct the hazard --- job rotation / breaks
A) engineering control --- earplugs / earmuffs
- eliminate or reduce the hazards through:
HEAT STRESS Strobe lights
- when the body's temperature goes higher than 37.5 Halogen bulbs
in celsius Blue light
- exposure settings: UV radiation
1. High temperature
2. High humidity PRESSURE
3. Poor ventilation - this is not must ferric force that is constantly applied
4. Multiple heat sources on the body, as a result of normal changes in altitude
or artificially induced conditions.
Thermoregulatory mechanism
- heat is removed from the organs producing it Pressure changes caused by distress
( metabolic heat) to the skin by the circulating blood Acute effects:
to maintain a temperature of 37 degree celsius Fatigue
Apprehension
Acute health effects of heat: Paresthesia
Prickly heat- immature sweat glands Headaches
Heat fatigue - bad mood (water loss) Tremors
Heat cramps- muscle spasm (water plus salt) Depressed sensorium
Heat exhaustion - fatigue, dehydration, diaphoresis, Pulmonary edema
nausea, vomiting (water + salts + electrolytes) In coordination
Heat stroke - overheating, seizure, coma (failure of Excitability
thermoregulatory system) Dizziness
Disorientation
COLD STRESS Convulsions
- when the body's temperature goes below 36.5 Narcosis
degrees Celsius Death
- exposure settings:
-- ice plants, broadcast industry, semiconductor - control methods of pressure:
industry Pre-employment screening
-- food processing plants, ice cream plant, deep sea Training (pre-event)
diving, laboratories Scheduled work duration
Exercise (during event)
- acute health effects of cold Decompression chamber
1. Hypothermia Rehabilitation (Post-event)
2. Frostbite Medication
3. Trench foot Medical monitoring

VIBRATION II. CHEMICAL HAZARDS

- continuous low-frequency oscillation what is more
likely felt than heard Chemicals are important in daily operations,
- affect the body through direct contact including the life of a person. They exist a solids,
- exposure settings: Handheld grinding tools, liquids, in gases.
jackhammer, chainsaw, transportation
- health effects of vibration: Exposure settings:
-- inflammation (wrist, elbow, shoulder) Oil and fuel
-- carpal tunnel syndrome Dust
-- tenosynovitis - pain in the affected joints Silica, asbestos
-- fatigue Solvent
Metal welding fumes
ILLUMINATION Acids and alkalis
- visibility of workplace as a result of light Lead (organic and inorganic)
- the sources either natural or artificial
- it is measured in lumens or lux Routes of entry of chemicals into the body

- importance of illumination -- it is important that we - skin absorption -- important "accidental" route of

see what we are doing entry
- OSHA Standards (Insert pic)
- ingestion -- accidental swallowing from eating in
- acute effects contaminated area
Eye strain
Dizziness - inhalation -- most important route of industrial
Headache chemical exposure
Neck pain
Teary eyes - Injection -- when the chemical penetrates the skin,
going directly into the underlying tissue
Other hazardous sources of illumination:
- eye contamination -- chemicals under the blood - wrist straight (180 degrees angle), shoulders
vessels through the tears that drain from the eye relaxed
- back and neck as close to their natural alignment as
Organ systems of the body that are affected: possible
Skin, Lung, brain, kidney, liver, blood, heart - Elbows near the side, bent at 90° angle to reach to
work
General health effects of chemical in the body:
2. Force
Disorientation - decrease the use of force, its turns muscle tendons
Euphoria - use equipment that will reduce the force
Lightheadedness - used tools that will do the work for you
Confusion
Unconsciousness 3. Frequency
Nausea, vomiting - repetitive action of same muscles-- it tires the body
Paralysis, conversion, death and produces pain
- it is more difficult to control frequency than position
III. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS and force
- cause of infectious disease that can originate from - therefore, it is more important to make it possible for
people, animals, plants employees to work in the best position they can to
reduce the force applied
TWO characteristics:
Can reproduce Control methods
Are living creatures 1. Engineering and administrative control
2. PPE cannot be used to address ergonomic
Examples: hazards
Tuberculosis, aids, hepatitis A, B,C, E
Chicken pox
URTI
Sore eyes
Skin disease

IV. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

Ergonomics is a technique that brings together
several disciplines to solve problems arising from
work and the working environment.
Ergonomic hazards:
- cause pain and fatigue from various sources
- lead to lower activity and output (mental and
physical performance)

Components of ergonomics:
1. JOB
- the task needed to achieve a result
- governed by guidelines designed to prevent
muscle overload
- requires learning, training and skills
2. WORKSTATION
- place of deployment
- where duties are carried out
- where equipment are located
- machines or tools
- 8 hours are spent

Signs of ergonomic hazards:

Wearing of wristbands
Shoulder turning
Arm stretching
Absenteeism, increased clinic visit
Intake of pain-relief medication

Risk factors of job / task:

1. Position
- follow the ergos-nomos position (natural posture of
the body)
- less fatigue, less strain on tendons and ligaments