Introduction:

The purpose of this lab is to try and filter out interfering frequencies using a band-pass
filter. The two major pieces of the filter is a high-pass and low pass sequence of RC circuits. The
high pass will block the ambient light noise, which is low frequency, and pass the higher
frequency signal. The low-pass blocks high frequency op-amp noise and passes lower frequency
signals. The high pass comes before the low pass so
that the large ambient noise does not get far in the
filtration.

Pre-lab:

For the pre-lab, we needed to use the circuit

to the right and calculate the necessary capacitor
values with the given resistors for HP and LP. Our
results for C1, C3, C5 were 5.1 nF and C2, C4, C6
were 0.8 nF.
After calculating for the capacitors, we had
to give the transfer functions for each the HP and
LP called Hhp and Hlp, and compare the band pass
transfer frequency. We found that the product of Hlp
and Hhp was not equal to Hbp. Hbp we found, was
(jwR2C2)/[(1+jwR2C2)(1+jwR1C1) + jwR1C2] with
the missing term being jwR1C2. This extra term
helped us to understand that there was more leaving
through the combination of high pass and low pass
(band pass) than ideal.
Finally, continuing from finding the transfer
functions, we plotted the ideal (buffer) and actual
graph of the function.

Procedure:
1.) The pre-lab took care of section 1 and plotting the transfer function. We next, after
wiring the circuit, used two capacitors (10 nF) in series to form a single 5nF capacitor
for C1, C3, C5.
2.) We left the high pass circuit alone testing the output voltage using the oscilloscope
powered by the function generator. We were instructed to use eight frequencies that
were given from the plotted transfer function graph.
3.) Next, my partners and I wired the low pass circuit using C2 and R4.