TUGAS MATBIS

1. U = x2 + 9y2 – 25 (Muhammad Royyan, 195020200111001)

STC = x + y = 19

Eksplisit:
x + y = 19
y = (19 – x) => Substitusi ke U

U = x2 + 9(19 – x)2 – 25
= x2 + 9(361 – 38x + x2) – 25
= x2 + 3249 – 342x + 9x2 – 25
= 10x2 – 342x + 3224
U’= 20x – 342
0 = 20x - 342
20x = 342
1
x = 17 => Substisusi ke STC
10

x + y = 19
1
17 + y = 19
10
1
y = 19 - 17
10
9
y=1
10

Implisit:
x + y = 19
x + y – 19 = 0 => diturunkan
dy
1+ =0
dx
dy
= -1
dx

U = x2 + 9y2 – 25
dy
U’= 2x + 18y
dx
0 = 2x -18y
9y = x => Substitusi ke STC

9y + y – 19 = 0
 10y = 19
9
y = 1 => Substitusi ke STC
10
9 1
x + 1 = 19 ....... x = 17
10 10
Langrange:
F = U(x,y) + λ(x + y – c)
F = x2 + 9y2 – 25 + λ(x + y – 19)
df
= 2x + λ => λ = -2x
dx
df
= 18y + λ => λ = -18y _
dy
df
x = 9y => Substitusi ke
dλ
df
= x + y - 19
dλ
9y + y = 19
9 df
y = 1 => Substitusi ke
10 dλ
9
x + 1 = 19
10
1
x = 17
10

2. U = x2 + 12y2 – 28 (Yokito Aprilo S, 195020200111004)

STC = x + y = 24

Eksplisit:
x + y = 24
y = (24 – x) => Substitusi ke U

U = x2 + 12(24 – x)2 – 28
= x2 + 12( 576– 48x + x2) – 28
= x2 + 6912 – 576x + 12x2 – 28
= 13x2 – 576x + 6884
U’= 26x – 576
0 = 26x - 576
26x = 576
4
x = 22 => Substisusi ke STC
26
x + y = 24
4
22 + y = 24
26
4
y = 24 - 22
26
22
y=1
26

Implisit:
x + y = 24
x + y – 24 = 0 => diturunkan
dy
1+ =0
dx
dy
= -1
dx

U = x2 + 12y2 – 28
dy
U’= 2x + 24y
dx
0 = 2x -24y
12y = x => Substitusi ke STC

12y + y – 24 = 0
13y = 24
11
y = 1 => Substitusi ke STC
13
11 2
x + 1 = 19 ....... x = 22
13 13

Langrange:
F = U(x,y) + λ(x + y – c)
F = x2 + 12y2 – 28+ λ(x + y – 24)
df
= 2x + λ => λ = -2x
dx
df
= 24y + λ => λ = -24y _
dy
df
x = 12y => Substitusi ke
dλ
 df
= x + y - 24
dλ

12y + y = 24
11 df
y = 1 => Substitusi ke
13 dλ
11
x + 1 = 24
13
11
x = 22
13

3. U = x2 + 14y2 – 18 (Muhammad Wahyu P, 195020900111016)

STC = x + y = 12

Eksplisit:
x + y = 12
y = (12 – x) => Substitusi ke U

U = x2 + 14(12 – x)2 – 18
= x2 + 14(144 – 24x + x2) – 18
= x2 + 2016– 336x + 14x2 – 18
= 15x2 – 336x + 1998
U’= 30x – 336
0 = 30x - 336
30x = 336
6
x = 11 => Substisusi ke STC
30

x + y = 12
6
11 + y = 12
30
6
y = 12 - 11
30
24
y=
30
Implisit:
x + y = 12
x + y – 12 = 0 => diturunkan
dy
1+ =0
dx
dy
= -1
dx

U = x2 + 14y2 – 18
dy
U’= 2x + 28y
dx
0 = 2x -28y
14y = x => Substitusi ke STC

14y + y – 12 = 0
15y = 12
12
y = 1 => Substitusi ke STC
15
12 12
x + 1 = 19 ....... x = 11
15 15

Langrange:
F = U(x,y) + λ(x + y – c)
F = x2 + 14y2 – 18 + λ(x + y – 12)
df
= 2x + λ => λ = -2x
dx
df
= 28y + λ => λ = -28y _
dy
df
x = 14y => Substitusi ke
dλ
df
= x + y - 12
dλ

14y + y = 12
12 df
y = 1 => Substitusi ke
15 dλ
12
x + 1 = 12
15
12
x = 11
15
4. U = x2 + 22y2 – 23 (Baharuddin Aly, 195020207111012)
STC = x + y = 24

Eksplisit:
x + y = 24
y = (24 – x) => Substitusi ke U

U = x2 + 22(24 – x)2 – 23
= x2 + 22(576 – 48x + x2) – 23
= x2 + 12.672– 1056x + 22x2 – 23
= 23x2 – 1056x + 12.649
U’= 46x – 1056
0 = 46x - 1056
46x = 1056
48
x = 22 => Substisusi ke STC
46

x + y = 24
48
22 + y = 24
46
48
y = 24 - 22
46
48
y=
46

Implisit:
x + y = 24
x + y – 24 = 0 => diturunkan
dy
1+ =0
dx
dy
= -1
dx

U = x2 + 22y2 – 23
dy
U’= 2x + 44y
dx
0 = 2x -44y
22y = x => Substitusi ke STC
 22y + y – 24 = 0
23y = 24
24
y= => Substitusi ke STC
23
24 24
x+ = 24....... x = 22
23 23

Langrange:
F = U(x,y) + λ(x + y – c)
F = x2 + 22y2 – 23+ λ(x + y – 24)
df
= 2x + λ => λ = -2x
dx
df
= 44y + λ => λ = -44y _
dy
df
x = 22y => Substitusi ke
dλ
df
= x + y - 24
dλ

22y + y = 24
24 df
y= => Substitusi ke
23 dλ
24
x+ = 24
23
24
x = 22
23

5. U = 4x2 + 5y2 +20xy (Reyhan Atallah Syah Pratama, 195020200111007)

STC = x + y = 400

Eksplisit:
x + y = 400
y = (400 – x) => Substitusi ke U

U = 4x2 + 5(400 - x)2 + 20x(400-x)

 = 4x2 + 5(16.000 – 800x + x2) + 8000x – 20x2
= 4x2 + 80.000 – 4000x + 5x2 + 8000x – 20x2
= -11x2 + 4000x + 80.000
U’= -22x + 4000
0 = -22x + 4000
22x = 4000
18
x = 181 => Substisusi ke STC
22

x + y = 400
18
181 + y = 400
22
18
y = 400 - 181
22
4
y = 218
22
Implisit:
x + y = 400
x + y – 400 = 0 => diturunkan
dy
1+ =0
dx
dy dx
= -1 ........... = -1
dx dy

U = 4x2 + 5y2 + 20xy

dy dy
U’= 8x + 10y + 20x + 20y
dx dx
0 = 8x - 10y – 20x + 20y
12x = 10y
12
x = y => Substitusi ke STC
10

12
x+ x – 400 = 0
10
22
x = 400
10
18
x = 181 => Substitusi ke STC
22
18 4
181 + y = 400 ....... y = 218
22 22
Langrange:
F = U(x,y) + λ(x + y – c)
 F = 4x2 + 5y2 + 20xy + λ(x + y – 400)
df
= 8x + 20y + λ => λ = -8x – 20y
dx
df
= 10y + 20x + λ => λ = -10y – 20x
dy
df
= x + y - 400
dλ
-8x – 20y = -10y – 20x
-10y = -12x
12 df
y= x => Substitusi ke
10 dλ
12
x+ x = 400
10
18
x = 181 => Substitusi ke STC
22
18 4
181 + y = 400 ....... y = 218
22 22

6. U = x2 + 8y2 – 24 (Tugas Kelompok)

STC = x + y = 20
Eksplisit:
x + y = 20
y = 20 -x
U = x2 + 8y2 -24
x2 + 8 (20-x)2 – 24
x2 + 8 (x2 – 40x + 400) – 24
x2 + 8x2 - 320x + 3200 – 24
9x2 – 320x + 3176

U’ = 0
18x -320 = 0
18x = 320
320
X=
18
14
X = 17
18

X + y = 20
14
(17 ) + y = 20
18
14
y = 20 – 17
18
 4
y=2
18

Implisit:
X + y = 20
X + y – 20 = 0
dy
1+ =0
dx
dy
= -1
dx
U = x2 + 8y2 -24
dy
U’= 2x + 16y
dx
0 = 2x -16y
8y = x => subtitusi ke STC
8y + y -20 = 0
9y =20
2
Y=2
9
X + y = 20
2
X+2 = 20
9
2
X = 20 – 2
9
7
X = 17
9

Langrange :
F = U (x.y) +λ ( x + y – c )
F = x2 + 8y2 -24 + λ ( x + y -20 )
df
= 2x + λ => λ = -2x
dx
df
= 16y + λ => λ = -16y _
dy
df
X = 8y => Substitusi ke
dλ
df
= x + y – 20
dλ

X + y =20
 8y + y = 20
9y = 20
2 df
Y=2 => Substitusi ke
9 dλ
X + y = 20
7
X = 17
9

7. U = 8x2 + 4y2 – 32 (Tugas Kelompok)

STC = x + y = 64
Eksplisit:
x + y = 64
y = 64 -x
U = 8x2 + 4y2 -32
8x2 + 4 (64-x)2 – 32
8x2 + 4 (x2 – 128x + 4096) – 32
8x2 + 4x2 - 512x + 16384 – 32
12x2 – 512x + 16352

U’ = 0
24x - 512 = 0
24x = 512
8
X = 21
24
1
X = 21 => Substitusi ke STC
3

X + y = 64
1
(21 ) + y = 64
3
1
y = 64 – 21
3
2
y = 42
3

Implisit:
X + y = 64
X + y – 64 = 0
dy
1+ =0
dx
dy
= -1
dx

U = 8x2 + 4y2 - 64
dy
U’= 16x + 8y
dx
0 = 16x -8y
y = 2x => subtitusi ke STC
x + 2x -64 = 0
3x =64
1
X = 21 => Substitusi ke STC
3
X + y = 64
1
21 + y = 64
3
2
y = 42
3

Langrange :
F = U (x.y) +λ ( x + y – c )
F = 8x2 + 4y2 -64 + λ ( x + y -64 )
df
= 16x + λ => λ = -16x
dx
df
= 8y + λ => λ = -8y _
dy
df
2x = y => Substitusi ke
dλ
df
= x + y – 64
dλ

x + 2x -64 = 0
3x =64
1 df
X = 21 => Substitusi ke
3 dλ

X + y = 64
1
21 + y = 64
3
 2
y = 42
3

8. U = x2 + 3y2 – 5 (Tugas Kelompok)

STC = x + y = 10

Eksplisit:
x + y = 10
y = (10 – x) => Substitusi ke U

U = x2 + 3(10 – x)2 – 5
= x2 + 3(100 – 20x + x2) – 5
= x2 + 300 – 60x + 3x2 – 5
= 4x2 – 60x + 295
U’= 8x – 60
0 = 8x - 60
8x = 60
1
x = 7 => Substisusi ke STC
2

x + y = 10
1
7 + y = 10
2
1
y = 10 - 7
2
1
y=2
2

Implisit:
x + y = 10
x + y – 10 = 0 => diturunkan
dy
1+ =0
dx
dy
= -1
dx

U = x2 + 3y2 – 5
dy
U’= 2x + 6y
dx
0 = 2x -6y
3y = x => Substitusi ke STC
 3y + y – 10 = 0
4y = 10
1
y = 2 => Substitusi ke STC
2
1 1
x + 2 = 10 ....... x = 7
2 2

Langrange:
F = U(x,y) + λ(x + y – c)
F = x2 + 3y2 – 5 + λ(x + y – 10)
df
= 2x + λ => λ = -2x
dx
df
= 6y + λ => λ = -6y _
dy
df
x = 3y => Substitusi ke
dλ
df
= x + y - 10
dλ

3y + y = 10
1 df
y = 1 => Substitusi ke
2 dλ
1
x + 1 = 10
2
1
x =7
2
9.
 TUGAS KELOMPOK MATBIS
SOAL
1. Tentukan marginal demand dan sifat hubungan dari 2 barang berikut.
a. x = 17 – 2p – q, dan y = 14 – p – 2q
b. x = 5 – 2p + q, dan y = 6 + p – q
c. x = 2 – 2p + q, dan y = 6 – 2p – 3q
2. Tentukan sifat hubungan kedua barang dengan elastisitas silang (permintaan)

a) x= p−1,7 q 0,8
y= p 0,5 q−0,2

b) x= p−1,5 q−0,4
y= p−0,5 q−0,4

q
c) x=
p
p2
y=
q

JAWAB

dx
1. a. = -1
dq
dy
= -1
dp
dx
hubungan antara barang X dan Y adalah bersifat komplementer karena <0
dq

dy
dan < 0.
dp

dx
b. =1
dq
dy
=1
dp
 dx
hubungan antara barang X dan Y adalah bersifat substitusi karena > 0 dan
dq

dy
> 0.
dp

dx
c. =1
dq
dy
= -2
dp
hubungan antara barang X dan Y adalah bersifat substitusi ataupun

dx dy
komplementer karena > 0 dan < 0.
dq dp

dx
2. a. = p-1,7 . 0,8q-0,2
dq
q dx
ηxy = .
x dq
q
= −1,7 −0,2 . p−1,7 . 0,8 q−0,2
p q
ηxy = 0,8
dy
= 0,5p-0,5 . q-0,2
dp
p dy
ηxy = .
y dp
p
= −0,5 −0,2 . 0,5 p−0,5 . q−0,2
p q
ηxy = 0,5
Kedua ηxy > 0 maka hubungan kedua barang adalah Kompetitif

dx
b. = p-1,5 . -0,4q-1,4
dq
q dx
ηxy = .
x dq
q
= −1,5 −0,4 . p−1,5 . 0,4 q−1,4
p q
ηxy = -0,4
 dy
= 0,5p-1,5 . q-0,2
dp
p dy
ηxy = .
y dp
p
= −0,5 −0,4 . 0,5 p−1,5 . q−0,4
p q
ηxy = -0,5
Kedua ηxy < 0 maka hubungan kedua barang adalah Komplementer

dx
c. = p-1
dq
q dx
ηxy = .
x dq
q
= −1 . p−1
p q
ηxy = 1
dy
= 2p . q-1
dp
p dy
ηxy = .
y dp
p
= 2 −1 . 2 p . q−1
p q
ηxy = 2
Kedua ηxy > 0 maka hubungan kedua barang adalah Kompetitif