CHAPTER 7

INTEGRALS

POINTS TO REMEMBER

60
 Integration or anti derivative is the reverse process of Differentiation.

 Let F(x) = f(x) then we write ∫ f(x) dx = F(x) + c.

E3
 These integrals are called indefinite integrals and c is called constant of
integration.
ID
 From geometrical point of view an indefinite integral is collection of family
of curves each of which is obtained by translating one of the curves
parallel to itself upwards or downwards along y-axis.
U

STANDARD FORMULAE
YG

+c n ≠ −1
1. ∫ x dx =
log |x| + c n = −1
D

( )
+c
U

( ) n ≠ −1
2. ∫(ax + b) dx =
log|ax + b| + c n = −1
ST

3. ∫ sin x dx = −cos x + c.

4. ∫ cos x dx = sin x + c

5. ∫ tan x. dx = − log|cos x| + c = log|sec x| + c.

6. ∫ cot x dx = log|sin x| + c.

7. ∫ sec x dx = tan x + c

69 [Class XII : Maths]

8. ∫ cosec x dx = − cot x + c

9. ∫ sec x tan x dx = sec x + c

10. ∫ cosec x cot x dx = −cosec x + c

11. ∫ sec x dx = log|sec x + tan x| + c

60
= log tan + +c

E3
12. ∫ cosec x dx = log|cosec x − cot x| + c

= log tan +c
ID
13. ∫ e dx = e + c
U

14. ∫ = +
YG

15. ∫√ = + ,| | < 1
D

= −cos x + c
U

16. ∫ dx = tan x+c

ST

= −cot x+c

17. ∫ dx = sec x + c , |x| > 1

√

= −cosec x+c

18. ∫ dx = log +c

70 [Class XII : Maths]

19. ∫ dx = log +c

20. ∫ dx = tan +c

21. ∫√ dx = sin +c=− +

60
22. ∫√ dx = log x + √a + x +c

E3
23. ∫√ dx = log x + √x − a + c

24. ∫ √a − x dx = √a − x + sin +c
ID
25. ∫ √a + x dx = √a + x + log x + √a + x +c
U
YG

26. ∫ √x − a dx = √x − a − log x + √x − a + c

RULES OF INTEGRATION
D

1. ∫(f (x) ± f (x)±. … … . ±f (x)dx = ∫ f (x)dx ± ∫ f (x)dx±. . … . . ±

U

∫ f (x)dx
ST

2. ∫ k. f(x)dx = k ∫ f(x)dx.

3. ∫ e {f(x) + f (x)}dx = e f(x) + c

INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION
( )
1. ∫ ( )
dx = log|f(x)| + c

71 [Class XII : Maths]

 [ ( )]
2. ∫[f(x)] f (x)dx = +c

( ) ( ( ))
3. ∫[ ( )]
dx = +c

INTEGRATION BY PARTS
∫ f (x) g (x) dx = f (x)[∫ g (x)dx] − ∫ f (x) [∫ g(x)dx] dx

60
DEFINITE INTEGRALS

∫ f(x)dx = F(b) − F(a) , where F(x) = ∫ f(x) dx

E3
DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS A LIMIT OF SUMS.ID
∫ f(x)dx = lim h [f(a) + f(a + h) + f(a + 2h) + ⋯ + f(a + n − 1h)]
→

ℎ ℎ= ∫ f(x)dx = lim [h ∑ f(a + rh)]

U
→

PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL

YG

1. f (x) = − f (x )dx
D
U

2. f (x) dx = f (t) dt.

ST

3. f (x) dx = f (x) dx + f (x) dx.

4. () f (x) dx = f (a + b − x) dx.

(ii) f (x) dx = f (a − x)dx

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 5. f (x)dx = 2 f (x)dx, ( )

6. ( ) =0 ( )

2 ( ) , if f (2a − x) = f(x)

60
7. ( ) =
if f (2a − x) = −f (x)
0

Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark)

E3
Evaluate the following integrals: ID
1. ∫ sin √x + cos √x dx

2. ∫ e| | dx
U

3. ∫
YG

4. ∫ + + x + a + ax dx

5. ∫ x cos x dx
D

6. ∫ dx
U

( )
ST

7. ∫ cos x log dx

8. ∫ e +e dx

9. ∫ dx

10. ∫ sin x dx

11. ∫ √10 − 4x + x dx

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12. ∫ x |x| dx

13. ∫ dx

14. ∫ | |

15. ∫e dx

60
16. ∫ dx

17. ∫ e 2 dx

E3
18. ∫√ dx

19. ∫( dx
ID
)

√
20. ∫ dx
U
√

21. ∫ cos α dx
YG

22. ∫ dx

23. ∫ sec x log(sec x + tan x) dx

D

24. ∫ dx
U

( )
25. ∫ dx
ST

26. ∫√ dx

27. ∫ ( )
dx

28. ∫ dx

29. ∫ dx

74 [Class XII : Maths]

30. ∫ dx

( )
31. ∫ (x + log x) dx

32. ∫ √ax − √ dx

33. ∫ |cos x| dx

60
34. ∫ [x] dx ℎ [ ] .

E3
35. ∫√ dx

( )
36. ∫ ( ) ( )
dx
ID
| |
37. ∫ dx
U
38. ∫ x |x| dx
YG

39. ∫ x √x + 2 dx

40. ∫ f(x) dx + ∫ f (x) dx

( )
D

41. ∫e dx

42. ∫ dx
U

43. ∫ sin x sin 2x dx

ST

44. ∫– |sin x| dx

45. ∫√ dx
√

46. ∫ dx

47. ∫ dx

75 [Class XII : Maths]

48. ∫ dx

49. ∫ dx

50. ∫ log dx

Short Answer Type Questions (4 Marks)

60
51. (I) ∫

E3
√ √
(II) ∫
√ √ ID
(III) ∫ ( ) ( )
U
( )
(IV) ∫ ( )
YG

(V) ∫ cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x dx

(VI) ∫ tan 2x tan 3x tan 5x dx

D

(VII) ∫ sin x cos x dx

U

(VIII) ∫ cot x cosec x dx

ST

(IX) ∫√ dx [Hint: Put a sin x + b cos x = t or t

(X) ∫ dx
( )

(XI) ∫ dx

76 [Class XII : Maths]

 (XII) ∫ dx
√

52. (i) ∫ dx

(ii) ∫ [ ( ) ]
dx

60
(iii) ∫ dx

E3
(iv) ∫ dx

(v) ∫ dx
ID
( )( )

(vi) ∫ dx
U
YG

(vii) ∫ dx

(viii) ∫√ dx
D

(ix) ∫ x √1 + x − x dx
U
ST

(x) ∫ dx

(xi) ∫ √sec x − 1 dx [Hint: Multiply and divided by √sec + 1]

53. (I) ∫ ( )

(II) ∫ dx

77 [Class XII : Maths]

 (III) ∫ dx

(iv) ∫( )( )

(v) ∫( )( )
dx

60
(vi) ∫( )( )
dx

E3
(vii) ∫( )( ) ID
(viii) ∫ dx
U
(ix) ∫ √tan x dx
YG

(x) ∫

54. Evaluate:
D

(I) ∫ x sin x dx
U

∫ sec x dx
ST

(II)

(III) ∫e cos(bx + c) dx

(IV) ∫ sin dx [Hint: Put 3 =tan θ]

(V) ∫ cos √x dx

(VI) ∫ x tan x dx

78 [Class XII : Maths]

 (VII) ∫e dx

(VIII) ∫ −( )
dx

(IX) ∫ √2ax − x dx

60
(X) ∫e ( )
dx

∫ x sin dx

E3
(XI)

log x = t
(XII) ∫ log(log x) + ( dx [Hint: Put
) x=e]
ID
(XIII) ∫(6x + 5)√6 + x − x dx
U

(XIV) ∫ dx
YG

(XV) ∫ tan dx
D

(XVI) ∫
U

55. Evaluate the following definite integrals:

ST

(i) ∫ dx

(ii) ∫ cos 2x log sin x dx

(iii) ∫ x dx

79 [Class XII : Maths]

 √
(iv) ∫ dx
( )

(v) ∫ dx

(vi) ∫ sin 2 tan dx

60
(vii) ∫ dx

E3
(viii) ∫ x log 1 + dx
ID
(ix) ∫ |x cos πx| dx

∫ (cos a x − sin b x) dx
U
(x)
YG

56. Evaluate:

(i) ∫ [|x − 2| + |x − 3| + |x − 4|] dx

D

(ii) ∫ dx
U

(iii) ∫ e dx
ST

(iv) ∫ dx

(v) ∫ [x ] dx

(vi) ∫ dx

(vii) ∫ dx [ : ∫ f(x)dx = ∫ f(a − x)dx

80 [Class XII : Maths]

57. Evaluate the following integrals:

(i) ∫ √

(ii) ∫ [sin|x| + cos|x|] dx

60
(iii) dx
e + e

E3
x tan x
(iv) dx
sec x cosec x

a−x
ID
(v) dx
a+x
U
58. Evaluate
YG

sin √x − cos √x
() dx ; x = [0, 1]
sin √x + cos √x
D

1−√
( ) dx
1+√
U

x e
(iii)
ST

dx
(x + 2)

x
(iv) dx
(x sin x + cos x)

x
(v) sin dx
a+x

81 [Class XII : Maths]

 sin x + cos x
(vi) dx
√sin 2x

sin x
(vii) dx
sin 4x

60
(viii) |x sin πx| dx

E3
sin(x − a)
(ix) dx
sin(x + a)

x
ID
(x) dx
(x + 4)(x + 9)
U
cos 5x + cos 4x
(xi) dx
1 − 2 cos 3x
YG

Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks)

59. Evaluate the following integrals:

D

x +4
U

() dx
x −x
ST

2e
(ii) dt
e − 6e + 11e − 6

2x
(iii) dx
(x + 1)(x − 3)

1 + sinx
(iv) dx
sin x (1 + cos x)

82 [Class XII : Maths]

 (v) √tan x + √cot x dx

1−x

60
(vi) x dx
1+x

E3
cos x
(vii) dx
1 + cos x + sin x ID
60. Evaluate the following integrals as limit of sums:
U
(i) (2x + 1) dx
YG

(ii) (x + 3) dx
D

(iii) (3x − 2x + 4) dx
U
ST

(iv) (3x + e ) dx

(v) e dx

(vi) (3x + 2x + 1) dx

83 [Class XII : Maths]

61. Evaluate:

dx
(i)
(sin x − 2 cos x)(2 sin x + cos x)

log(1 + x)
(ii) dx
1+x

60
(iii) (2 log sin x − log sin 2x) dx

62. (tan )
E3
ID
U
63. log sin
YG

1
64. ℎ tan−1 =2 tan−1
1− +
D
U

ℎ ℎ ∫ (1 − + ) .
ST

65. ∫ sin cos

.

Answers

1. +c 3. tan +c

2. 2e − 2

84 [Class XII : Maths]

4. + a|log x| + + 17. ( )
+c

+ +c
(x + 1) /
18. − 2(x +
/
5. 0 1) +c

6. log|log|log || + c 19. log|x + 1| + +c

60
7. 0
20. 2e√ + c

E3
8. + +c 21. xcos α + c
ID | |
9. tan x + c 22. +c

10. 0
U
( | |)
23. +c
YG

( )√
11. + | |
24. +c
3 log (x − 2) +

√x − 4x + 10 + c 25. tan|log x| + c
D

26. log e + √4 + e +c
U

12. 0
ST

13. tan x − cot x + c 27. log|2 + 3 log x| + c

14. 3 log 2 28. log|x + cos x| + c

15. log|x| + c
29. 2 log sec +c

16. +c 30. log|x + e | + c

85 [Class XII : Maths]

 ( )
31. +c 42. log|sec x + tan x| + c

| |
32. a + − 2x + c 43. − − sin x + c or

sin x + c
33. 0

44. 2-√2

60
34. 1

(x + 2) /
45. − (x +
35. sin +c

E3
/
1) +c
36.
46. log|1 + sin x| + c
ID
37. -1
47. x − sin x + c
U
38. 0
48. log|cos x + sin x| + c
YG

(x + 2) /
39. − (x +
/ 49. + +c
2) +c | ⁄ |
D

40. 0 50. 0
U

41. x + log x + c
ST

51.

(I) log cosec(tan )− +c

(II) x − x√x − 1 + log x + √x − 1 + c

( )
(III) log +c
( ) ( )

86 [Class XII : Maths]

 (IV) x cos 2a − sin 2a log|sec(x − a)| + c

(V) x − sin 2x + sin 4x + c

(VI) log|sec 5x| − log|sec 2x| − log|sec 3x| + c

60
(VII) 2x + sin 2x − sin 4x − sin 6x + c

− + +c

E3
(VIII)

(IX) √a sin x + b cos x + c

ID
(X) −2cosec a √cos a − tan x sin a + c
U
(XI) tan x − cot x − 3x + c
YG

(XII) sin [sin x − cos x] + c

D

52. (I) tan +c

√ √
U

(II) log +c
ST

/
(III) + tan x+c
√

(IV) tan x− +c
√ √

(V) 2 log √x − a + √x − b + c

87 [Class XII : Maths]

 (VI) log|3x + 2x + 1| + tan +c
√ √

(VII) x − 3 log|x + 6x + 12| + 2√3 tan +c

√

(VIII) −√4x − x + 4 sin +c

60
/
(IX) − (1 + x − x ) + (2x − 1)√1 + x − x + sin +c
√

E3
(X) + +c
ID
(XI) − log cos x + + √cos x + cos x + c
U
53. (I) log +c
YG

(II) log − +c
D

(III) log|cos θ − 2| − log|1 + cos θ| + c

U

(IV) log + tan +c

( ) √ √
ST

( )
(V) x + 4 log +c

(VI) x+ tan − 3 tan +c

√ √

(VII) log|2x + 1| − log|x + 4| + tan +c

88 [Class XII : Maths]

 (VIII) log +c

√
(IX) tan + log +c
√ √ √ √

(X) − log|cos x − 1| − log|cos x + 1| + log|1 − 2 cos x| + c

60
54.

E3
(I) [−x cos x + sin x ] + c

(II) [sec x tan x + log|sec x + tan x|] + c

ID
(III) [a cos(bx + c) + b sin(bx + c)] + c
U
YG

(IV) 2x tan 3x − log |1 + 9x | +c

(V) 2 √x sin √x + cos √x + c

D

(VI) tan x− + +c
U

(VII) e tan x + c
ST

(VIII) +c

(IX) √2ax − x + sin +c

(X) e +c

89 [Class XII : Maths]

 (XI) sin + √x − 1 + c

(XII) x log|log x| − +c

/
(XIII) −2(6 + x + x ) +8 √6 + x − x + sin +c

60
(XIV) log|x + 1| − log|x − x + 1| + tan +c
√ √

E3
(XV) x tan x − log|1 + x | − x tan 5+c

(XVI) tan tan +c

ID
55. (I) log 3
U

−π
YG

(II) 4

(III) −
D

(IV) − log 2
U

(V)
ST

(VI) π
4

(VII) π
2

(VIII) + log

90 [Class XII : Maths]

 (IX) −

(X) 2π + sin 2aπ − sin 2bπ

56. (I)

60
(II) π

E3
(III) e +e

(IV) π
ID
(IX) 5 − √3 − √2
U

(X)
YG

(XI)
D

57. (I)
U
ST

(II) 2

(III)

(IV)

(V) aπ

91 [Class XII : Maths]

 ( ) √
58. (I) sin √x + −x+c

(II) −2√1 − x + cos √x + √x − x + c

(III) e +c

(IV) +c

60
(V) (x + a) tan − √ax + c

E3
√
(VI) 2 sin ID √
(VII) log − log +c
√ √
U
(XII) +
YG

(XIII) (cos 2a)(x + a) − (sin 2a) log|sin(x + a)| + c

(XIV) − log|x + 4| + log|x + 9| + c

D

(XV) − sin2 x + sin x + c

U

59. (I) x − 4 log|x| + log|x − 1| + log|x + 1| + log|x +

ST

1| tan x+c

(II) log ( )
+c

(III) 2x − log|x + 1| + log|x − 3| − ( )

+c

(IV) log + ( )
+ tan + c
92 [Class XII : Maths]
 (V) π
2

(VI)

(I) − log 2

60. (I) 14

60
(II)

E3
(III) 26

(IV) (127 + e )
ID
(V) e −
U

(VI) 3
YG

tan
61. (I) log
tan
+c
D

(II) log 2
U

(III) log
ST

62. − + log 2

63. log 2

64. log 2

65. log √2 + 1
√

93 [Class XII : Maths]