Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

FAN Pressure Example Sheet Calculated by Program Enter Input

DESCRIPTION Fan - 1 Fan - 2 Fan - 3 Fan - 4 COMMENTS

Identification Data
Fan Identification Name S-1 R-1 E-1 S-2 Enter your Information
Description High Pr. Return Toilet Ex Low Pr What you see on screen
Location Mech Rm Mech Rm Mech Rm Floor will be what is printed out
Service Flrs 10-3 Flrs 10-3 Flrs-10-3 Restaura Try to fit in column width
(1) Pressure Losses ( Ductwork ) from duct analysis
Frictional Losses 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 straight ducts
Fittings Losses 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 bends, transitions
Special Losses 0.5 0.3 0.1 other obstructions
Fan Inlet & Outlet 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 intake, discharge
Miscellaneous Losses 0.2 0.2 0.1 could be fudge factor
(1) Total - Ductwork 3.4 1.9 1.3 1.2
(2) Pressure Losses (AHU Equipment) from eqpmt analysis
INLET : Diffuser / Register 0.2 0.2
OUTLET : Diffuser / Register 0.2 0.2
Terminal Box 0.3 0.3
Sound Attenuator (Fan Inlet) 0.3 from air distribution
Sound Attenuator (Fan Outlet) 0.3 systems analysis
Filters (Pre-Filter + Main-Filter) 1.1 1.0
Cooling Coil 1.1 1.0 depends on equipment
Heating Coil 0.4 0.4 type, size and air velocity
Reheat Coil 0.3 0.3
Dampers 0.3 0.3 0.3
Louvers 0.2 0.2
Miscellaneous equipment Losse 0.1 0.1 0.1
(2) Total - AHU Equipment 4.6 0.6 0.2 3.8
Static Press FSP = (1) + (2) 8.0 2.5 1.5 5.0
Outlet Velocity (FPM) 2,500 1,200 1,000 1,500 from fan analysis
Vel. Press. (VP) = (FPM/4004)2 0.39 0.09 0.06 0.14
Total Press FTP = FSP + VP 8.39 2.59 1.56 5.14
Multiple Fan Stations See Fan-Pump Operation
Number of Fans in Parallel 2 2 1 2 CFM = cfm/fan x N PR = k
AHU CFM (CFMs of parallel Fans) 90,000 70,000 60,000 20,000 k = System CFM or PR
Number of Fans in Series 2 1 1 2 PR = PR/fan x N CFM = k
Total Pressure of each Fan 4.19 2.59 1.56 2.57
Horse Power (Each Fan)
Fan Efficiency (%) 80 75 65 85 at fan design operation
Fan Brake Horse Power (BHP) 148.7 38.1 22.7 19.1
Motor Efficiency (%) 90 90.00 90.00 90.00 at fan design operation
Motor Horse Power (Calculated 165.3 42.3 25.3 21.2
Standard Motor Horse Power 125.0 60.0 10.0 25.0
Total Motor Horse Power 250 120 10 50

Brake HorsePower (BHP) = ( CFM x FTP x 5.2 ) / ( 33,000 x (FE/100 FTP = Fan Total Pressure
Motor HorsePower (MHP) = BHP / (ME / 100) FE = Fan Efficiency (%)
CFM = SHG / [ 1.08 (Tr - Ts) ] Tr = Room Temp ME = Motor Efficiency (%)
SHG = Room Sensible Heat Gain Ts = Supply Temp

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Fans - Input
 Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

FAN Pressure Estimating Form Calculated by Program Enter Input

DESCRIPTION Fan - 1 Fan - 2 Fan - 3 Fan - 4 Fan - 5 Fan - 6

Identification Data
Fan Identification Name
Description
t is printed out Location
column width Service
(1) Pressure Losses ( Ductwork )
Frictional Losses
Fittings Losses
Special Losses
Fan Inlet & Outlet
Miscellaneous Losses
(1) Total - Ductwork 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(2) Pressure Losses (AHU Equipment)
INLET : Diffuser / Register
OUTLET : Diffuser / Register
Terminal Box
Sound Attenuator (Fan Inlet)
Sound Attenuator (Fan Outlet)
Filters (Pre-Filter + Main-Filter)
Cooling Coil
nd air velocity Heating Coil
Reheat Coil
Dampers
Louvers
Miscellaneous equipment Losses
(2) Total - AHU Equipment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Static Press FSP = (1) + (2) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Outlet Velocity (FPM)
Vel. Press. (VP) = (FPM/4004)2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Press FTP = FSP + VP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Multiple Fan Stations
an x N PR = k Number of Fans in Parallel
Flow C F M of each Fan
Number of Fans in Series
Total Pressure of each Fan #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Horse Power (Each Fan)
Fan Efficiency (%)
Fan Brake Horse Power (BHP) #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Motor Efficiency (%)
Motor Horse Power (Calculated #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Standard Motor Horse Power
Total Motor Horse Power 0 0 0 0 0 0

Brake HorsePower (BHP) = ( CFM x FTP x 5.2 ) / ( 33,000 x (FE/100 FTP = Fan Total Pressure
Motor HorsePower (MHP) = BHP / (ME / 100) FE = Fan Efficiency (%)
CFM = SHG / [ 1.08 (Tr - Ts) ] Tr = Room Temp ME = Motor Efficiency (%)
SHG = Room Sensible Heat Gain Ts = Supply Temp

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Fans - Input
Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago
PUMP Pressure Example Sheet Calculated by Program Enter Input

DESCRIPTION Pump - 1 Pump - 2 Pump - 3 Pump - 4 COMMENTS

Identification Data
Pump Identification Name P-CHW P-CW P-HW P-SCW Enter your Information
Service CHW CW HW SCW What you see on screen
Description Chilled Wat Cond Wat Hot Wat Sec Ch W will be what is printed out
Location Dbl SuctionDbl SuctionEnd Suction Inline Try to fit in column width
Fluid Type (Glycol, Fuel Oil, et Water Water Water Water See Pipe Fluids Properties
Fluid Specific Gravity 1 1 1 1 See Pipe Fluids Properties
Piping System Type Closed Open Closed Closed See piping documentation
(1) Pressure Loss ( Pipe & Fitting)
Pipe Frictional 25 10 20
Pipe Fittings (bends, valves, et 30 20 20
Pipe Equipment (meters, etc.) 15 10 15 from liquid distribution
Static Lift 15 piping systems analysis
Miscellaneous 10 5 5
(1) Sub-Total 80 60 60 0
(2) Pressure Loss (Equipment)
Chiller / Evaporator 20
Condenser / Condensing Unit 10
Cooling Tower 10
Cooling Coil 10 0
Boiler 10 depends on equipment
Heat Exchanger 15 type, size and air velocity
Heating Coil 10
Terminal Unit (radiators, etc.)
Tanks 5
Miscellaneous 10 5 10
(2) Sub-Total 40 25 50 0
Pump Total Head = (1) + (2) 120 85 110 0
Pumping Station See Fan-Pump Operation
Total Flow (GPM) 6,000 9,000 6,750
Number of Pumps in Parallel 3 3 2 GPM = gpm/pu x N PR = k
Flow G P M each Pump 2000 3000 3375 #DIV/0! k = System GPM / PR
Number of Pumps in Series 1 1 1 PR = PR/Pu x N GPM = k
Pressure Head of each Pump 120 85 110 #DIV/0!
Horse Power (Each Pump)
Pump Efficiency (%) 85 85 85 at pump design operation
Pump Brake Horse Power (BH 71.44 75.91 110.51 #DIV/0!
Motor Efficiency (%) 90 90 90 90 at pump design operation
Motor Horse Power (Calculate 79.38 84.34 122.79 #DIV/0!
Standard Motor Horse Power 100 100 150
Total Motor Horse Power 300 300 300 0

Brake HorsePower (BHP) = ( GPM x 8.35 x SPGR x H ) / ( 33,000 x (PE / 100) )

Motor HorsePower (MHP) = BHP / (ME / 100) GPM (cooling) = (Tons x 12000) / (500 x WTD)
SPGR = Specific Gravity of fluid GPM (heating) = (MBH x 1000) / (500 x WTD)
GPM = Gallons Per Minute H = Pump Pressure Head WTD = Water Temp Difference
PE = Pump Efficiency (%) = 85% ME = Motor Efficiency (%) = 90%
Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP 522898630.xls
 Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago
PUMP Pressure Example Sheet Calculated by Program Enter Input

DESCRIPTION Pump - 1 Pump - 2 Pump - 3 Pump - 4 Pump - 5 Pump - 6

Identification Data
Pump Identification Name
Service
what is printed out Description
fit in column width Location
Fluid Type (Glycol, Fuel Oil, etc.)
Fluid Specific Gravity
ng documentation Piping System Type
(1) Pressure Loss ( Pipe & Fitting)
Pipe Frictional
Pipe Fittings (bends, valves, etc.)
Pipe Equipment (meters, etc.)
Static Lift
Miscellaneous
(1) Sub-Total 0 0 0 0 0 0
(2) Pressure Loss (Equipment)
Chiller / Evaporator
Condenser / Condensing Unit
Cooling Tower
Cooling Coil
Boiler
ze and air velocity Heat Exchanger
Heating Coil
Terminal Unit (radiators, etc.)
Tanks
Miscellaneous
(2) Sub-Total 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pump Total Head = (1) + (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pumping Station
Total Flow (GPM)
pm/pu x N PR = k Number of Pumps in Parallel
Flow G P M each Pump #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Number of Pumps in Series
Pressure Head of each Pump #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Horse Power (Each Pump)
Pump Efficiency (%)
Pump Brake Horse Power (BH #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Motor Efficiency (%)
Motor Horse Power (Calculate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Standard Motor Horse Power
Total Motor Horse Power 0 0 0 0 0 0

Brake HorsePower (BHP) = ( GPM x 8.35 x SPGR x H ) / ( 33,000 x (PE / 100) )

Motor HorsePower (MHP) = BHP / (ME / 100) GPM (cooling) = (Tons x 12000) / (500 x WTD)
SPGR = Specific Gravity of fluid GPM (heating) = (MBH x 1000) / (500 x WTD)
GPM = Gallons Per Minute H = Pump Pressure Head WTD = Water Temp Difference
PE = Pump Efficiency (%) = 85% ME = Motor Efficiency (%) = 90%
Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP 522898630.xls
Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago
Enter Input

GPM (cooling) = (Tons x 12000) / (500 x WTD)

GPM (heating) = (MBH x 1000) / (500 x WTD)

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP 522898630.xls
Energy Efficient Building Design College of ArchitectureIllinois Institute of Technology, Chicago

PUMP OPERATION
Pump
Pressure
Head At this pressure (flow resistance) there is no flow. The pump is off
H feet
Pump Curve 2
H-2 H-2 = GPM-2
H-1 GPM-1
2
H-2 = RPM-2
H-1 H-1 RPM-1

GPM-2 GPM-1
Pump Flow Capacity GPM

When the piping system pressure is H-1 the flow through the given pump is GPM-1
When the piping system pressure is H-2 the flow through the given pump is GPM-2
The flow can be reduced from GPM-1 to GPM-2 by increasing the pressure by,
for example, throttling down a valve
The flow can be reduced from GPM-1 to GPM-2 by reducing the pump speed (RPM)
using variable speed / frequency motor drives

Pumps in Parallel SYSTEM

One Pump ON PD = 100 ft
Two Pumps On
200 GPM
200 GPM Supply
H= Return
100 ft

100 GPM

100 GPM 200 GPM

Pumps in Series SYSTEM

PD = 200 ft
H= Two Pumps On 100 GPM
200 ft 100 GPM Supply
Return

H=
100 ft One Pump ON

100 GPM
Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP 522898630.xls
 Return

H =Efficient Building Design

Energy College of ArchitectureIllinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
100 ft One Pump ON

100 GPM

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP 522898630.xls

Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute Of Technology, Chicago

PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS

Temperature
Liquid Properties
-30 0 30 60 100 150 210
Water Density (lb/cu ft) 62.42 62.37 62.00 61.20 59.81
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.96
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec 0.00 12.17 7.39 4.76 3.20
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01
Glycol Density (lb/cu ft) 67.98 67.55 67.11 66.55 65.74 64.68 63.12
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.01
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec 595.00 190.00 85.40 48.60 22.60 12.50 6.40
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.78 0.81 0.85 0.88
Brine Density (lb/cu ft) 78.59 78.21 77.71 77.21 76.09
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.24 1.22
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec 171.70 77.50 34.70 21.80 8.90
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.71
Diesel Density (lb/cu ft) 59.20 57.40 56.10 54.90 53.00 51.10
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.85 0.82
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec 376.70 161.50 80.70 48.30 29.10 7.50
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52
Petrol Density (lb/cu ft) 46.10 45.50 44.90 44.70 44.30 42.40
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.68
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec 11.00 9.80 8.80 7.00 5.50 3.00
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52

PROPERTIES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE H Increase in Frictional Pressure Loss due to Pipe Age
Multipliers Hydraulic Handbook by Colt Industries
Temp Satur. Density Specific Kinem Sp. Heat
deg F Press lb/cu ft Gravity = Viscos Btu/lb oF Pipe Age Small Medium Large
psig Density/62.4 sq ft/sec Years 1” - 3” 4” to 12” 14” - 48”
212 0 59.81 0.96 3.2 1.0055 0 1 1 1
220 2.5 59.63 0.96 3 1.0068 5 1.4 1.35 1.3
240 10.3 59.1 0.95 2.7 1.0104 10 2.2 1.9 1.6
260 20.7 58.51 0.94 2.5 1.0148 15 3.6 2.7 1.8
280 34.5 57.94 0.93 2.3 1.02 20 5 3.5 2
300 52.3 57.31 0.92 2.1 1.26 25 6.3 4.2 2.1
350 119.9 55.59 0.89 1.9 1.044 30 7.25 4.73 2.2
400 232.6 53.65 0.86 1.7 1.067 35 8.1 5.2 2.3
450 407.9 51.55 0.83 1.5 1.095 40 8.75 5.58 2.4
45 9.25 5.93 2.6
50 9.6 6.23 2.86
STANDARD MOTOR SIZES 60 10 7 3

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill, LLP Properties of Fluids
Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute Of Technology, Chicago
1 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 40
50 60 75 100 125 150 200 250 300 400 500

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill, LLP Properties of Fluids
Energy Efficient Building Design College Of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago

Typical System
Parallel Fan-Powered VAV Terminal Box

Outdoor Pre-Filter HW, Steam CHW HW, Steam Steam Secondary Plenum
Air Filter or Electric or Electric SA-Fan Static Air
Fa
OA Press (in) = 4.0 n Heater
SA-
1 Mixed 2 2 3 4 5 6 Fan Temp Rise = 2.0 F
Air Supply
Recirc Air PHC CC HC Hum Air
13 CC Leavg Air Temp = 48 F PA: Primary Air Primary
Relief Air 7 Air ZONE-FAN-RATIO = 0.85
14 RA- RA from
Fan
Other Zones PA to Other Zones
PA: Primary Air Series Fan-Powered VAV Terminal Box
8 51 F (80%) Secondary Plenum Air
CHW Chilled Water Zone-1 IA: Induced (Secondary) EA-
Fan
HW Hot Water Air (Ceiling) 78 F (20%) EA
PHC PreHeat Coil TB : VAV Box TB Exhaust Air
CC Cooling Coil with Heatg Coil SA: Supply Air 55 F Heater Fa Supply
n
HC Heating Coil 9 Primary Air
Hum Humidifier Air

ZONE-FAN-RATIO = 1.15

12
Building Space T-Stat Temp Space 11
Envelope RA: Return Air 1 75 F Floats N
from Zone-1 10 EA from
TA: Transfer Air other Zones
(Corridor)
BUILDING

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Air System
Energy Efficient Building Design College Of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Air System
Energy Efficient Building Design College of ArchitectureIllinois Institute of Technology, Chicago

TYPICAL BOILER PLANT

PLANT
Primary
Boiler Boiler Hot Water
Pumps

HWS
AHU Heating Coil
HWR
Hot Water Loop

HWS

HWR HWR
Booster
HWS Pump

4-Pipe Units 4-Pipe Units 4-Pipe Units

BLDG

Booster Building
CHWS
CHWS Pump Envelope

CHWR
Chilled Water Loop
Primary Chilled
Water Pumps
CHWS

AHU Cooling Coils

Centrifugal

Centrifugal

Centrifugal
Chiller

Chiller

Chiller

CHWR

CWR

CWS

Cooling Cooling
Condenser Tower Tower
Water Loop

CHILLER PLANT
IVarkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Liquid System
Energy Efficient Building Design College of ArchitectureIllinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
CHILLER PLANT

CWR

IVarkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Liquid System