Professional Documents
Culture Documents
6 List different system in a diesel power plant. Explain air intake system and starting system in detail 10
7 What is a cooling tower? Explain the working of an induced draft cooling tower with a neat diagram 10
8. a What are the advantages of a forced draft cooling tower over induced draft cooling tower? 5
b What is cooling pond? Explain the working any one type of cooling pond with neat sketch 5
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If you have finished answering the questions and there is still time left, you need not leave the hall in a
hurry! Double check that your answers are correct and the representation is professionally
outstanding.
th
B.E/8 Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus
Q.1
Natural draught
Forced Draught
Q.2
Q.3
The diesel electric power-plants are chiefly used in the fields mentioned below.
Peak load plant: The diesel plants are used in combination with thermal
or hydro-plants as peak load plants. This plant is particularly preferable as
peak load plant as it can be started quickly and it has no standby losses
as in the case of thermal plants where boilers always must be kept hot.
Mobile plants: Mobile diesel plants mounted on skids or trailers can be
used for temporary or emergency purposes such as for supplying power
to large civil engineering works for supplementing electricity supply
systems that are temporarily short of power.
Stand-by Units: This can be used as a standby unit to supply part load
when required. For example, this can be used with hydro-plant as stand-
by unit. If the water available is not sufficient due to reduced rainfall, a
diesel station supply power in parallel with hydro-station. The use is
made temporarily till the water is available to take the full load.
Emergency plant: The plants used for emergency purposes are at to
standby units, normally idle but are used where power interruption
would mean financial loss or danger in key industrial processes, tunnel
lighting and operating rooms of hospitals. They are also used for
telecommunication and water supply under emergency conditions.
Nursery station: When the diesel plant is used to supply the power to a
small town in the absence of main grid and which can be moved to
another area which needs power on a small scale when the main grid is
available is known as "Nursery Station". The main grid cannot extend to
every corner of the country till there is enough load. Many times the
extension of grid is not possible due to the constructional difficulties as
in Assam. Diesel unit of small capacity can be installed to supply the load
to a small town during the process of development and it can be
removed to another required place till the main grid for tapping the
power is available.
Starting stations: The diesel units are used to run the auxiliaries for starting
the large steam plants.
Central stations: This can be used as central station where the capacity
required is small (5 to 10 MW). The limit is generally decided by the cost of
the plant and local conditions regarding the availability of fuel and water,
space requirements and non-availability of the grid. Small supply units for
commercial purposes and public utilities e.g.,, cinema hall, hospital and
municipalities are commonly used in practice.
Q.4
Physical arrangement of an ideal two-stage gas-turbine cycle
with intercooling, reheating, and regeneration.
Q.5
Radiant Type Super heater
• The radiant type of superheater receives its heat by
radiation in the furnace area of the boiler. An increase in
load on a boiler increases the rate of steam flow through
the superheater tubes.
• To maintain a constant superheater temperature the heat
input to the superheater must also increase.
• Since radiant heat is proportional to the furnace
temperature, and the furnace temperature remains fairly
constant with an increase in the number of fires or firing
rate the amount of heat entering the Superheater per kg of
steam flow will decrease.
• Therefore, with an increase in load with a radiant type
Superheater, the outlet steam temperature decreases
Radiant Type Superheater
Underdeck Superheater
Convection Type Superheater
• The convection type superheater is located in the path of
the combustion gas flow and receives its heat from the
convective flow of these hot combustion gases past the
tubes. With an increase in the load the rate of steam flow
through the superheater increases.
• To support the load increase more fuel is burned and
more air is used, increasing the amount of combustion
gases, and increasing the convective flow of heat to the
superheater.
• This increase in the convection air flow is greater than
the increase in steam flow, hence the amount of heat
entering the superheater per pound of steam increases.
• Therefore, with the convection type superheater, an
increase in load causes the outlet temperature of the
superheater to increase.
Convection Type Superheater
Overdeck Superheater
Radiant-Convection Type Superheater
• The radiant-convection type superheater receives
its heat both by radiation and convection.
• For this reason it is located in flow path of the
combustion gases near enough to the furnace so
that it may also receive heat by radiation.
• By proper positioning of the superheater the best
characteristics of the other types of superheaters
may be blended.
• This results in a constant superheat temperature
throughout the load range of the boiler.
• On certain type of multi-drum boilers a separately
fired radiant-convection superheater may be
employed.
Radiant-Convection Type Superheater
Interdeck Superheater
Q.6 Plant Layout of DPP
The essential components of a Diesel Electric Plant are:
Engine
Engine fuel system
Engine air intake system
Engine exhausts system
Engine cooling system
Engine lubrication system
Engine starting system.
Air intake system
The air intake system conveys fresh air through pipes to
Air intake manifold of 4 stroke engine
The scavenging pump inlet of a two stroke engine
The supercharger inlet of a supercharged engine.
Cooling ponds
Cooling ponds are used where sufficient land is available as an
alternative to cooling towers.
The pond receives thermal energy in the water from the
plant’s condensers and the energy is dissipated mainly
through evaporation
Once the water has cooled in the pond, it is reused by the plant.
New water is added to the system (“make-up” water) to replace
the water lost through evaporation.
.
Types of Cooling Ponds:
Natural and Directed Flow System.
In natural flow system, water coming out from the condenser is just allowed
to flow into the pond as shown in Fig.
In directed flow system, the hot water coming out of condenser enters the
middle channel as shown in Figure
On reaching the far end divides into two currents, being directed by the baffle
walls so as to traverse the pond several times before uniting at the intake
point.
The water gets more time and passes over a more surface, so the cooling
achieved is very effective.
Spray cooling pond is one of the simplest methods of cooling the condenser water
although it is not efficient. Thousands of spray ponds were put into operation until
cooling towers came into picture in 1920s