Assessment of Installed Fiber

and
GPON + Wi-Fi Design

Witivú Project
Phases I and II
2

Summary

1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................3

2. Installed Fiber Assessment..................................................................................................................4

a. Installed Fiber General Information.................................................................................................4

b. Fiber Measurements........................................................................................................................6

i. Macao – La Ceiba (Fiber Shelf A):................................................................................................8

ii. Veron (Fiber Shelf B):.................................................................................................................10

iii. Bavaro (Fiber Shelf C):...............................................................................................................11

c. Result Summary and Recommendations.......................................................................................12

3. Proposed GPON Design.....................................................................................................................12

4. Proposed Wi-Fi Design.......................................................................................................................24

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1. Introduction
CHT Holdings approached VENDEKA to evaluate an installed optical fiber network and design a
GPON + WiFi solution that would allow providing High-Speed Internet (HSI) connection to
subscribers among other services such as Television over IP and Voice over IP (IPTV and VoIP,
respectively). The location of this project is in the city of Punta Cana in Dominican Republic.

Given that the final goal of the project is to cover the whole city, it was decided that the project
would be developed by phases. This document presents VENDEKA’s findings when testing the
installed optical fiber network and a proposed design for a GPON + Wi-Fi solution for phases I
and II of the project. Phase I is El Cortecito Beach and Villa Bavaro and Phase 2 is Bavaro 1 and
Bavaro 2 areas.

CHT Holding’s purpose is to have residential subscribers for the GPON network. They estimated
having an initial 10-20% penetration rate, which yields the number of Home-Passes
(subscribers) presented in table 1.

Area Number of Home-Passes

El Cortecito 1000
Villa Bavaro 800
Bavaro 1 1000
Bavaro 2 15000
Table 1: Estimated Home-Passes per Area

On the other hand, CHT Holdings wants to offer Wi-Fi service to the millions of tourists that visit
Punta Cana each year. This could be done by a Hot-Spot deployment in hotels, cafes and
restaurants to guarantee that the user can get connected as soon as he gets off the plane at the
airport, logs in and hires the service and for as long as he has an active account and stays in the
city.

To achieve this goal, CHT Holdings purchased an existing aerial optical fiber network from a
company called Spielcom. This is the installed network that will be used as a base for the GPON
+ Wi-Fi solution.
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2. Installed Fiber Assessment

The first stage of this process was to diagnose the network purchased by CHT Holdings to
Spielcom. First, we will introduce the information we had available from Eng. Nelson Martinez,
who was the installer and previous owner of this optical fiber. Then, we will show our
assessment results and finally, we will present some recommendations based on our findings.

a. Installed Fiber General Information

The installed fiber uses a technology known as Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC). This means that part
of the network uses optical fiber for transferring data, but the final subscriber is reached by the
network with copper coaxial cable. Figure 1 displays a typical topology of this type of
technology.

Figure 1 Typical configuration of an HFC network

As shown in the picture, the Head-End and the Distribution Hubs are connected with optical
fiber (green line). This is also the case for the connection from the Distribution Hubs to the
Optical Nodes (yellow dashed line). However, from the Optical Nodes to the actual subscriber
premises, the signal is transmitted by coaxial cable. This configuration has a few disadvantages.
One of the main disadvantages is that there is a limited speed of the connection that can be
delivered to each client (up to 1Mbps), which means that the services provided to the
subscribers cannot demand much bandwidth. If CHT Holdings would like to use this
infrastructure as is to provide the aforementioned services, additional equipment would be
5

required, which would mean a higher investment. Also, the optical nodes are active equipment,
which means they need an electric power supply. This represents a higher implementation cost
because when installing the devices, there needs to be a deployment of the electrical grid to
power the devices. Besides, they generate a higher operating cost because of this power
consumption and the need of more frequent maintenance.

Eng. Martínez provided us with the figure 2, which shows a projected layout of the fiber
backbone.

Figure 2. Fiber backbone layout provided by Spielcom

This diagram shows a projection of the network design that Eng. Martinez had for the installed
network. What is actually installed are two distribution hubs which are shown in the diagram as
Bavaro and Veron. The lines show the number of cores that the optical fiber have in the
installed network. According to the drawing, three 96-core fibers exit the Bavaro Hub and the
Veron Hub receives a 48-core fiber that is split into two 48-core fibers.
It is important to note that according to Eng. Martinez, this network was deployed during
several years, by stages and using different brands of fibers. This means that we cannot expect
the same performance for all fibers. Eng. Martinez reported that this fiber has not been
maintained in a while and there have been extreme environmental conditions (hurricane
6

Maria) that damaged the fiber. He also declared that there up to 25 optical nodes in the field
and that most of them are active.
Also, we received a .kmz from Eng. Martinez, which is attached to this document, that shows
the layout of the backbone fiber network georeferenced in Google Earth.

b. Fiber Measurements

Fiber measurements were taken in both, Bavaro and Veron Hubs and the results are presented
in tables 2 and 3.
In these tables, the column called Zone refers to the point where the fiber is terminated. Area is
for the point where the main fiber cores were physically split, and Place is where the subscriber
area would be suitable for the final implementation of the GPON solution.
The measurements were performed with a device called the Optical Time-Domain
Reflectometer or OTDR. The OTDR used for this testing was JDSU MTS 6000. This device sends
an optical signal on the fiber core and measures the scattered and reflected light from certain
points of the fiber. This allows a diagnosis of the state of the fiber. The measurements taken
were:

 Distance (km): this is the length that the signal reaches before it is reflected back. In theory,
this distance should be the same as the distance between hubs. If the signal gets reflected
in a closer point, then it indicates that the fiber is cut.

 Total reflection: power of the signal that returns to the OTDR, which accounts for reflection
at the end of the fiber and dispersion of light along the fiber.

 Total loss (dB): it is the sum of all losses along the fiber (splicing/connecting loss,
optical/insertion loss and so on)
 Bonder: Point where the core is connected in the central device.
7

Zone Area Place Bonder Distance (km) Total Reflection Total Loss (dB) Shelf Number Comments
Macao Salado Residentials 1.2.2 19,254 -43,23 8,489 A-14 Cable Cut Down
Macao Ceiba Residentials 1.2.5 20,163 8,699 A-17 Cable Cut Down
Macao Grigri Residentials 1.2.12 0,218 -58,76 0,107 A-24 Cable Cut Down
Macao Arena Gorda Hotels 1.3.1 4,445 -26,68 2,150 A-25 Cable Cut Down
Hotel Riu Arena Gorda Hotels 1.4.1 A-37 2.50 dBm Power
Hotel Riu Arena Gorda Hotels 1.4.2 5,154 -54,5 2,571 A-38 Cable Cut Down
Hotel Riu Arena Gorda Hotels 1.4.7 A-43 -14.50 dBm Power
Hotels
Macao White Sand 1.6.1 4,768 -53,03 2,397 A-61 Cable Cut Down
Residentials
Hotels
Macao Cayena 1.6.3 1,840 -56,84 0,663 A-63 Cable Cut Down
Residentials
Macao Primaveral Residentials 1.8.1 1,607 -15,69 1,626 A-85 Cable Cut Down
Veron Veron Center Residentials 2.1.2 9,439 4,665 B-2 Cable Cut Down
Veron Veron Center Residentials 2.1.4 9,434 -61,65 3,979 B-4 Cable Cut Down
Veron Veron Center Residentials 2.1.5 9,439 6,060 B-5 Cable Cut Down
Veron Veron Center Residentials 2.1.10 9,441 3,354 B-10 Cable Cut Down
Veron Veron Center Residentials 2.1.12 9,429 -62,69 4,041 B-12 Cable Cut Down
Veron Cabeza De Toro Residentials 2.3.7 9,433 4,626 B-31 Cable Cut Down
Veron Cabeza De Toro Residentials 2.3.9 9,432 3,798 B-33 Cable Cut Down
Veron Cabeza De Toro Residentials 2.3.12 B-36 Cable Cut Down
Club Caribe
El Castillo
Veron Residentials 2.4.7 B-43 Cable Cut Down
Crocci
El Cruce C. De T.
Club Caribe
El Castillo
Veron Residentials 2.4.12 B-48 Cable Cut Down
Crocci
El Cruce C. De T.
Veron Bies Bavaro Residentials 2.5.1 7,261 -30,75 13,549 B-61 Cable Cut Down
Hotels
Bavaro Cortecito 3.2.8 6,014 -49,01 5,146 C-20 Cable Cut Down
Residentials
Hotels
Bavaro Cortecito 3.2.12 4,258 -21,36 2,414 C-24 Cable Cut Down
Residentials
Bavaro Plaza Residentials 3.5.3 2,487 -50,29 0,888 C-51 Cable Cut Down
Bavaro Pl. Estrella Residentials 3.7.1 1,611 0,676 C-73 Cable Cut Down

Table 2. OTDR Measurement Results for Bavaro Hub

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Zone Area Bonder Total Reflection Total Loss (dB) Comments

Veron Pueblo Bavaro 2.2 -15,31 4,717 Cable Cut Down
Veron Pueblo Bavaro 2.3 -60,61 3,181 Cable Cut Down
Veron Pueblo Bavaro 2.5 -43,56 7,152 Cable Cut Down
Veron Pueblo Bavaro 2.7 -52,39 5,853 Cable Cut Down
Veron Pueblo Bavaro 2.10 -14,89 5,931 Cable Cut Down
Veron Res.Bavaro Punta Cana 3.7 -46,8 5,206 Cable Cut Down
Veron Res.Bavaro Punta Cana 3.8 -57,51 6,253 Cable Cut Down
Veron Res.Bavaro Punta Cana 3.9 -58,28 3,160 Cable Cut Down
Veron Res.Bavaro Punta Cana 3.11 -31,57 9,494 Cable Cut Down
Veron 5.3 -55,1 7,890 Cable Cut Down
Veron 5.5 -53,33 1,440 Cable Cut Down
Veron 6.1 -55,53 2,306 Cable Cut Down
Veron 6.2 -49,65 0,338 Cable Cut Down
Veron 6.3 -34,16 0,284 Cable Cut Down
Veron 7.1 1,7 dBm Power Return
Veron 1.4 -43,04 3,944 Cable Cut Down
Veron 1.5 -62,02 4,920 Cable Cut Down
Veron 1.9 -47,55 13,906 Cable Cut Down
Veron 1.10 -63,74 3,626 Cable Cut Down
Veron 1.12 -47,27 3,525 Cable Cut Down

Table 3. OTDR Measurement Results for Veron Office

The general results of the measurements were as expected after receiving Eng. Martinez
information of the current state of the fiber.
We had particular interest in the Bavaro Hub since the scope of this design includes the areas
covered by the fibers that start from this office. We were informed that out of the 288 fiber
cores that exit Bavaro (96 x 3), only 25 were connected to the rack. Since at the time of our
visit, this office did not have electricity, we were able to test only those 25 cores.
At the Bavaro Hub, the cores were connected to different shelves. Here’s a summary of our
findings:

i. Macao – La Ceiba (Fiber Shelf A):

This area seems appropriate for tourist users in hotels since it does not seem to have many
residential areas. The theoretical distance between the Bavaro Hub and La Ceiba Hub is around
22 km. This fiber is shown in the figure 3.
9

Figure 3. Macao - La Ceiba existing fiber – Courtesy of Eng. Martinez.

OTDR measurements show that the fiber along the way from Bavaro to Macao is quite GOOD,
since the OTDR measured the distance to La Ceiba as 20.1 km., which is almost the whole fiber
length to the La Ceiba Hub. However, some of the cores were cut.
 10

ii. Veron (Fiber Shelf B):

This fiber reaches the very dense residential area Pueblo Bavaro, Los Manantiales and Veron,
with a potential of 5000 Home-Passes. The approximate distance between Bavaro Hub and
Veron Hub is 15 km. The fiber that goes to Veron is shown in figure 4.

Figure 4. Veron existing fiber – Courtesy of Eng. Martinez

For this fiber, all OTDR tests failed. There seems to be a major fiber cut 9.43 km from the
Bavaro Hub.
 11

iii. Bavaro (Fiber Shelf C):

The OTDR results for this fiber show that at around 6 km away from the Bavaro Hub site, there
is a main fiber cut, so it was not possible to measure this fiber zone. This fiber is shown in figure
5.

Figure 5. Bavaro existing fiber – Courtesy of Eng. Martinez

Access to the Veron Hub was difficult for administrative reasons (Vendeka’s team wasn’t
allowed to enter the premises for a while). When access was granted, we noticed that very few
cores were connected to the rack and, again, there was no electricity. Table 3 shows the few
12

measurements that could be taken and most of the results indicate that the fibers originated
from this hub are cut.

c. Result Summary and Recommendations

i. All fibers require immediate maintenance and the breaking/cut points need to be verified.
From our OTDR measurements, it was impossible to verify the status of the optical nodes
due to fiber cuts, so all fiber nodes need to be controlled and if they are not needed, they
must be disconnected not to waste electricity.
ii. While CHT Holdings build their main datacenter, we will take the Bavaro Hub as the main
Head-End for the GPON + Wi-Fi solution. When the main datacenter is built, this office can
go back to be a Secondary Distribution Hub for subscribers in Phase I and II. This
guarantees the scalability of our solution.
iii. Since the installed network requires immediate maintenance, the fibers should be repaired
with long range cables and there must be a Bavaro and Veron Fiber Patch Panel
replacement before deploying the GPON solution in the field.

3. Proposed GPON Design

Every telecommunications network has three parts:

a. Access Network
b. Transport Network
c. Distribution Network

The access network is the physical part of the network and it extends from the first node of the
network (Distribution Hub) to the premises of the subscriber. It includes the physical
transmission means (coaxial cable, optical fiber, air, etc.), the telecommunication equipment of
the distribution hub (routers, access equipment via radio – WiFi, WiMax --, PON access
equipment -- ONT, splitters--, and so on) and interconnection devices. The scope of this design
is the access network.
The transport network refers to the communication protocols that are in charge of transferring
user information from one location to other, whether it is unidirectionally or bidirectionally. It
also serves for network control. The transmission system allows the multiplexing of all traffic
from all services and nodes from one point of the network to other.
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The distribution network includes the central equipment which will be located at the main
datacenter of the whole network.
GPON is an acronym for Gigabit Passive Optic Network. This type of networking is based on the
deployment of optical Fiber To The x (FTTx) and it allows having the best capabilities that a
transportation and access network could offer. GPON is the standardization of PON networks at
speeds higher than 1 Gbps.
Currently, the standard speed for GPON equipment is somewhere around 2.4 Gbps in the
downlink channel and 1.2 Gbps in the uplink channel. Thanks to these data transfer speeds, it is
possible to offer videoconferencing and digital television services of great quality. Also, it is
possible to find some configuration that allow up to 100Mbps per subscriber, which is desirable
because most Internet users have, at least, two devices to share or visualize multimedia
content.
Likewise, nowadays, data exchange has grown significantly because of the evolution of the
communication forms: video apps, streaming video, high definition content, video calls, among
others. Traditional applications were tolerant to delays but not to data losses. As the traffic
level has grown and new real-time or multimedia applications have been introduced, other
necessities have appeared. Most current applications are more tolerant to data loss than
delays, therefore, it is necessary to provide warranties regarding Quality of Service (QoS) and
available bandwidth.
One of the key factors for implementing GPON networks is the almost total elimination of noise
and interference. The information travels through optical signals, leaving behind electrical
signals. This allows eliminating interference due to magnetic and electric fields. This noise and
interference reduction results in an increase of quality and fidelity that can be offered to the
users.
Another key factor is the evolutive capability of the optical fiber. This is very high because of
laser technology is a field that presents an evolution which still does not seem to have a limit.
FTTx access networks technology is divided into two categories: active and passive.

 Active Optical Networks (AONs) use a traditional topology: Ethernet Point to Point (EP2P),
with dedicated optical fiber (OF) between the Central Office (CO) switch or that in a
Remote Node (RN) and an optical network unit or terminal (ONU/ONT) towards the final
user. This solution assigns exclusive use of ports to each subscriber. This means a higher
cost because the ports require more power to reach the subscribe. This type of topology is
used in access networks in buildings (FTTB) because the average of data upload is given in
Gb/s in the equipment configuration.
14

 Passive networks (PONs) use three types of topology: Point to Point, Point to Active
Multipoint and Point to Passive Multipoint. The Ethernet Point to Point (EP2P) topology
determines that for X subscribers, it is necessary to install N fiber cores in the
communication channel, depending on the distance to be covered. However, it requires
the location of an electrical-optical connector at the optical line termination (OLT) and
ONT, respectively, for a total of 2xN connectors. The advantage of this topology is that the
passive optical splitter, which is an intermediate element between the ONT and the OLT,
does not require an electric power source, hence the name of passive optical network. This
topology means less cost.
To recap, GPON networks are mainly formed by four elements:
1. OLT (Optical Line Termination):
It is the active element of the PON network located at the central head-end. This equipment
takes care of managing the traffic transmitted through the network in both, the uplink (it
gathers the data, voice and video traffic from the subscribers’ ONTs to send to the internet) and
the downlink (it gathers data, voice and video traffic from the internet to send to the
subscribers’ ONTs).
Each OLT receives data from three different sources, concentrating them to send them through
the same optical fiber: Internet, voice and television.
Besides, the OLT also has the task of avoiding interference between the provided services and
the two channels (uplink and downlink). For this, it uses protocols like Wavelength Division
Multiplexing (WDM). With this technology, many signals get multiplexed over only one optical
fiber through optical carriers of different wavelengths. The wavelengths used for the services
and channels vary depending of the selected PON standard.
Figure 6 show a couple of examples of OLTs.
2. ODF (Optical Distribution Frame): Passive element that physically splits the cores of a multi-
core fiber.
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Figure 6. OLT examples

3. ONT (Optical Network Termination):

It is the termination point between the network last mile and the subscriber’s cabling
installation. This device is found in each of the subscriber’s house and it takes care of
converting the optical signal that arrives from the OLT into a broadband Ethernet by
demultiplexing the signal into its components: voice, television and internet.
The data transmission of the downlink channel is done through diffusion. Each OLT port services
several ONTs. Therefore, all ONTs in the same PON port will receive the same signal but will
only allow the subscriber to receive the information meant for him. This filtering of all received
messages is accompanied by encryption so one ONT cannot see the data that is not meant for
it.
As for the uplink channel, the ONT uses a technology called Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation
(DBA). This technique allows bandwidth sharing according to the data flow needs and in an
equative manner among all ONTs.
Figure 7 shows some examples of ONTs.
4. Splitter: Passive element which takes care of directing the signals from the OLT to the ONT
and vice versa.
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Figure 7. ONT examples.

Now, in figure 8, we present a general drawing of the access network architecture for a GPON
solution.
With this architectural GPON design, subscribers at the termination site can reach these bit-
rates in a maximum Fiber Distance Range of 20 Km. As it was mentioned before, GPON aims at
obtaining transmission speeds greater than or equal to 1.2 Gbit/s while identifying 7
transmission speed combinations, shown in table 4.

Figure 8. Typical GPON architecture

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The GPON design is considered to bring up to 40 Mb download speed-rate to the customer,

which should be enough, since there is no available information about the bit-rates and the
service quality for the residential subscribers that CHT Holdings plans to offer. The calculations
were done based on assigning each GPON port a maximum of 64 users, which means that 2,4
Gbit/ 64 = 37,5Mbit maximum per each residential customer.

Uplink [Mbps] Downlink [Mbps]

155 1200
622 1200
1200 1200
155 2400
622 2400
1200 2400
2400 2400
Table 4. Transmission Speed Combinations

This is the theoretical capability for residentials but in some cases for corporate campuses,
small hotels or business centers, 1 exclusive OLT port with 2.4 Gbit capacity can be provided.
Considering the estimated Home Passes for the areas of Phases I and II, a calculation of the
necessary GPON Ports and Cards can be done. It is shown in table 5.

Location Home Pass Phase GPON Ports 8-Port PON Cards

El Cortecito 1000 1 16 2
Villa Bavaro 800 1 13 2
Bavaro 1 1000 2 16 2
Bavaro 2 1500 2 24 3
Total 4300 - - -
Table 5. Calculation of GPON Ports and Cards

For phases 1 and 2, we planned to split the fibers in the places where the current cores of the
fiber were physically split up.
Now, we need to consider the GPON Fiber Power Loss Calculation. This is the loss calculation
based on the passive splitting of the fiber on the field and it’s shown in table 6.
And here, we also need to consider the distance path loss and splicing loss, which end up being
about 0.35dB per km for wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1490 nm.
When choosing the OLT, we need to keep in mind ITU G.984.2 standard compliance, as shown
in table 7.

Splitter Ideal Loss Excess Loss Typical

Ratio Port (dB) (dB, max) Loss (dB)
1:2 3 1 4
18

1:4 6 1 7
1:8 9 2 11
1:16 12 3 15
1:32 15 4 19
Table 6. Passive Splitting Loss Calculation

Class A Class B Class B+ Class C

Minimum Loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB
Maximum
20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
Loss
NOTE: The requirements of a particular class may be more
stringent for one system type than for another, e.g. the
Class C attenuation range is inherently more stringent for
TCM systems due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at
each side of the ODN, each having a loss of about 3 dB.
Table 7. ITU G.984.2 standard loss requirements

Taking this into account, the fiber loss calculation is shown in the following table:

Fiber Loss Calculation

Distance # Total Loss
Place Splitting
[km] Splices [dB]
Villa
5 6 2x1x8 22,95
Bavaro
El
5 6 2x1x8 22,95
Cortecito
Table 8. Total fiber loss calculation
Both places are in acceptable ranges for GPON distance from Plaza Larimar where the fiber Hub
site has been considered since the beginning of the project and it provides good Signal/Loss
Ratio within the limit of 27 dB in the GPON OLT industry standards.
At this point, the next step is to calculate the capacity of fiber. According to our calculations
above, for the places in Phase 1, we need a total of 29 Fiber Cores in order to supply the
expected number of Home-Passes: 1800. It is necessary to keep in mind that each GPON Port
connects one fiber core. This yields the calculation presented in table 9.

Location Home Phase GPON 8-Port PON

Pass Ports Cards
El Cortecito 1000 1 16 2
Villa Bavaro 800 1 13 2
Total 1800 - 29 4
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Table 9. Sum of fiber cores – GPON ports for Phase 1

With 24-cores for each place, there are more than enough cores and there will be even some
spare cores for Hotels and Business Centers users, besides the expected residential users.
The remaining part of the budget analysis is now relying on the length of the fibers and number
of splitters as a matter of field GPON fiber deployment.
As for our study on the Villa Bavaro site, the following figures display one of the GPON
deployment model that can be reviewed.
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Figure 9. Villa Bavaro – Part 1

21

Figure 10. Villa Bavaro – Part 2

Based on the calculations to reach 800 residential subscribers, the requirement list is shown in
table 10:

Description Quantity Unit

12 Core SM Steel Messenger Fiber Cable 2000 m
24 Core SM Steel Messenger Fiber Cable 4000 m
4 Core SM Steel Messenger Fiber Cable 22500 m
Street-type field ODF Cabinet 1 piece
SC/APC 6 Cassette ODF 5 piece
Field splitter box 100 piece
1 x 8 SC/APC splitter 100 piece
1 x 12 SC/ACP splitter 10 piece
SC/APC Connector 800 piece
SC/APC – SC/APC Patch Cord 800 piece
SC/APC – LC/PC Patch Cord 1.5m 100 piece
SC/APC SX Adaptor 800 piece
60mm Splice Protector 5000 piece
ONT 800 pieces L3 for subscriber 800 piece
OLT 8 PON ports 2 piece
Table 10. List of materials for 800 residential subscribers

The 24-core fiber from the Bavaro Hub will be processed in a field cabinet and it will be split for
1:8 times. Since 13 cores will be used, it makes 8 X 13 = 104 GPON ports. The second splitting
output will yield 104 X 8 = 832 ports, which surpasses the requirement of the expected
22

subscribers. At the final stage of the splitting, there will be 24-13 = 11 Spare fibers for future
capacity. There will be 100 field splitting boxes (1:8 splitting) used and they can be installed on
the existing telephone poles.
The same exercise was done for all other zones. Table 11, 12 and 13 show the list of materials
for El Cortecito, Bavaro 1 and Bavaro 2, respectively.
The expected core network and branch design for the whole active network is shown in figure
11. This design includes all the predicted items, including core backbone routers in redundant
mode as well as redundant core fiber switches that receive 10Gb Uplinks from the GPON OLTs
and other possible network equipment. Those fiber switches are connected to 2x40 Gb
aggregated links to fulfill approximately the expected Customer Traffic rate up to 100 Gb.

El Cortecito: 1000 Home-Passes

Description Quantity Unit
Street-type Field ODF Cabinet 1 Piece
SC/APC 6 Cassette ODF 5 Piece
Field Splitter Box 125 Piece
1x8 SC/APC Splitter 125 Piece
1x12 SC/APC Splitter 10 Piece
SC/APC Connector 1000 Piece
SC/APC – SC/APC Patch Cord 1000 Piece
SC/APC – LC/PC Patch Cord 1.5m 125 Piece
SC/APC 5x Adaptor 1000 Piece
60mm Splice protector 5000 Piece
ONT 800 pieces L3 subscriber 1000 Piece
OLT 8 PON port 2 Piece
Table 11. List of materials for El Cortecito GPON deployment

Bavaro 1: 1000 Home-Passes

Description Quantity Unit
Street-type Field ODF Cabinet 1 Piece
SC/APC 6 Cassette ODF 5 Piece
Field Splitter Box 125 Piece
1x8 SC/APC Splitter 125 Piece
23

1x12 SC/APC Splitter 10 Piece

SC/APC Connector 1000 Piece
SC/APC – SC/APC Patch Cord 1000 Piece
SC/APC – LC/PC Patch Cord 1.5m 125 Piece
SC/APC 5x Adaptor 1000 Piece
60mm Splice protector 5000 Piece
ONT 800 pieces L3 subscriber 1000 Piece
OLT 8 PON port 2 Piece
Table 12. List of materials for Bavaro 1 GPON deployment

Bavaro 2: 1500 Home-Passes

Description Quantity Unit
Street-type Field ODF Cabinet 1 Piece
SC/APC 6 Cassette ODF 5 Piece
Field Splitter Box 190 Piece
1x8 SC/APC Splitter 190 Piece
1x12 SC/APC Splitter 14 Piece
SC/APC Connector 1500 Piece
SC/APC – SC/APC Patch Cord 1500 Piece
SC/APC – LC/PC Patch Cord 1.5m 125 Piece
SC/APC 5x Adaptor 1500 Piece
60mm Splice protector 8000 Piece
ONT 800 pieces L3 subscriber 1500 Piece
OLT 8 PON port 3 Piece
Table 13. List of materials for Bavaro 2 GPON deployment
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Figure 11. Whole network design model

4. Proposed Wi-Fi Design

For our Wi-Fi design we used a prediction of the potential subscriber base for the whole region
including hotels and hotspots. Figure 12 is the predicted design for Wi-Fi.
For Wi-Fi Backhaul capacity, the hotels and hotspot places are assumed to use different bit-
rates, and those places are considered to connect to the network via GPON. For each hotel,
there will be 1 dedicated OLT GPON port, which means full 2,4 Gb downlink capacity and 1,25
uplink capacity will be used. For Hotspots, only 1:64 GPON port is considered which will allow
up to 40 Mb speed rates to be used.
Along with these assumptions, we consider 5 more 8-Port OLTs in the Central Hub site, which
makes a total of 40 GPON ports corresponding to 40 Hotels.
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Figure 12. Predicted design for Wi-Fi Solution

For each hotel network, an L3 network termination is designated on the Core Router in the
Central Hub. Besides, the wireless controller for all the system will reside in the Central Hub as
well.
Under our assumptions, the approximate list of materials for the Wi-Fi network deployment
would be as shown in table 14.

Description Quantity
Indoor Access Point 1600
Outdoor Access Point 400
Controller Unit 40
24-port Switch 80
Security Gateway 40
Table 14. Initially estimated list of materials for Wi-Fi deployment

There are a few important details that are not clear yet for the Wi-Fi system. First, a Hotspot
solution needs to be defined to provide the services to the customers, to manage their billing
account information and for monitoring management functions. This Hotspot solution should
be installed in the Central site within the Bavaro Hub.
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Secondly, a Access Points management system will be done via Controller and this is also
required to be defined and planned in a redundant manner. Figure 13 shows some information
about the AP management.
Also, with the controllers and access points all distributed in the field, the user shall be
provisioned over a Captive Portal first, to verify the login with username/password. This
username shall be authenticated via Radius, Local user DB or an LDAP. This will be also
considered in the design and figure 14 shows information about the Captive Portal.

Figure 13. AP Management for Wi-Fi

Then, as shown in figure 15, a typical hot spot application shall be designed to provide custom
billing plans and shall monitor the status of the subscribers for the troubleshooting actions.
Besides, the hotspot application shall be fully integrated with a payment system outside the
organization like PayPal or Secure Pay, but it may also be integrated with the operators’ CCBS
(Customer Care and Billing System), and it’s considered that the CCBS system is fully integrated
with the Local Banks or global Payment systems.

Figure 14. Captive Portal

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Figure 15. Typical Hot Spot Application

The CCBS is a very important part of the solution, and it needs to be considered in detail. The
single, real-time monetization engine for all lines of business, customer segments and payment
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types, enables service providers to monetize content, digital life as well as traditional multi-play
services. So far, CCBS system has not been considered and this important item must be clarified
before doing some integrations like Hotspot or future services like IPTV/OTT or IoT.
Keeping all of these additional Wi-Fi solution features in mind, it is important to highlight that
the list of materials presented in Table 14 is an approximation of the final design for Wi-Fi. The
Wi-Fi design will evolve as other details of the solution are defined and as the implementation
is deployed.