Nama : Rochmad Budi S

Kelas : XIPA 4

Reading Section
We know there are many depict historical events both national and international, such as;
1. The Asia-Africa conference
2. Atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3. The flag incident at Majapahit Hotel, Surabaya
4. The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
5. The Declaration of the Indonesian Youth Pledge
6. The capture of Prince Diponegoro
Task 1
Find the information about the historical events above.Then find out the time and place and the
background of each event.

No. Historical When Where People Involved Background

Event
1. The Asia- April, 18th – Gedung Ali Sastroamijoyo Indonesia's President
Africa 24th 1955 Merdeka, (Indoensia), Sir Sukarno and India's prime
conference Bandung Jhon Kotelawala minister Jawaharlal Nehru
(Srilanka), were key organizers, in
Muhammad Ali his quest to build a
(Pakistan), nonaligned movement that
Jawaharlal Nehru would win the support of
(India), and U Nu the newly emerging
(Burma/Myanmar nations of Asia and
) Africa. Nehru first got the
idea at the Asian Relations
Conference, held in India
in March 1947, on the eve
of India's independence.
There was a second 19-
nation conference
regarding the status of
Indonesia, held in New
Delhi, India, in January
1949. Practically every
month a new nation in
Africa or Asia emerged
with, for the first time, its
own diplomatic corps and
eagerness to integrate into
the international system.
Mao Zedong of China was
also a key organizer,
backed by his influential
right-hand man, Premier
and Foreign Minister
Zhou Enlai; although Mao
still maintained good
relations with the Soviet
Union in these years, he
had the strategic foresight
to recognize that an anti-
colonial nationalist and
anti-imperialist agenda
would sweep Africa and
Asia, and he saw himself
as the natural global
leader of these forces as
he, after all, had also led a
revolution in China
marked by anti-colonial
nationalism.

At the Colombo Powers

conference in April 1954,
Indonesia proposed a
global conference. A
planning group met in
Bogor, Indonesia in late
December 1954 and
formally decided to hold
the conference in April
1955. They had a series of
goals in mind: to promote
goodwill and cooperation
among the new nations; to
explore in advance their
mutual interests; to
examine social economic
and cultural problems, to
focus on problems of
special interest to their
peoples, such as racism
and colonialism, and to
enhance the international
visibility of Asia and
Africa in world affairs.[4]

The Bandung Conference

reflected what the
organizers regarded as a
reluctance by the Western
powers to consult with
them on decisions
affecting Asia in a setting
of Cold War tensions;
their concern over tension
between the People's
Republic of China and the
United States; their desire
to lay firmer foundations
for China's peace relations
with themselves and the
West; their opposition to
colonialism, especially
French influence in North
Africa and its colonial rule
in Algeria; and Indonesia's
desire to promote its case
in the dispute with the
Netherlands over western
New Guinea (Irian Barat).

Sukarno, the first

president of the Republic
of Indonesia, portrayed
himself as the leader of
this group of states, which
he later described as
"NEFOS" (Newly
Emerging Forces). His
daughter, Megawati
Sukarnoputri headed the
PDI-P party during both
summit anniversaries, and
the President of Indonesia
Joko Widodo during the
3rd summit was a member
of her party.

On 4 December 1954 the

United Nations announced
that Indonesia had
successfully gotten the
issue of West New Guinea
placed on the agenda of
the 1955 General
Assembly, plans for the
Bandung conference were
announced in December
1954
2. Atomic bomb August, 6th – Hiroshima William • Begins with the
on Hiroshima 9th 1945 and S.,Parsons Paul Pacific war between
and Nagasaki Nagasaki W., Tibbets Jr., the UnitedStates
Charles Sweeney and Japan which
Frederick
was motivated by
Ashworth, and
Shunroku Hata Japanese
dissatisfactionwith
the results of World
War 1, which was
when the world
order was
dominated by
western nations.
The United States
dropped bombs in
both places, bag of
approval from
Great Britain. Not
only that but there’s
some background
of Atomic bombon
Hiroshimaand
Nagasaki ,viz:

• Preparations to
invade Japan

Even before the surrender

of Nazi Germany on May
8, 1945, plans were
underway for the largest
operation of the Pacific
War, Operation Downfall,
the Allied invasion of
Japan.

• Air raids on Japan

While the United States

had developed plans for
an air campaign against
Japan prior to the Pacific
War, the capture of Allied
bases in the western
Pacific in the first weeks
of the conflict meant that
this offensive did not
begin until mid-1944
when the long-ranged
Boeing B-29 Superfortress
became ready for use in
combat. Operation
Matterhorn involved
India-based B-29s staging
through bases around
Chengdu in China to make
a series of raids on
strategic targets in Japan.
This effort failed to
achieve the strategic
objectives that its planners
had intended, largely
because of logistical
problems, the bomber's
mechanical difficulties,
the vulnerability of
Chinese staging bases, and
the extreme range
required to reach key
Japanese cities.

• Atomic bomb
development

The discovery of nuclear

fission by German
chemists Otto Hahn and
Fritz Strassmann in 1938,
and its theoretical
explanation by Lise
Meitner and Otto Frisch,
made the development of
an atomic bomb a
theoretical possibility.
Fears that a German
atomic bomb project
would develop atomic
weapons first, especially
among scientists who
were refugees from Nazi
Germany and other fascist
countries, were expressed
in the Einstein-Szilard
letter. This prompted
preliminary research in
the United States in late
1939.
3. The flag September Yamato Hariyono, The failure of
incident at 19th ,1945 (Majapahit Koesno Wibowo, negotiations between
Majapahit ) Hotel Jendral Mallaby, Soedriman and W.V.C
Hotel, Bung Tomo and Ploegman to lower the
Surabaya K. H. Hasyim Dutch flag.
Asy’ari
The main trigger for the
Yamato Hotel Incident
was the action of the
Dutch army who raised
the red-white-blue
tricolor flag from the
top floor of the hotel in
the Tunjungan area,
Surabaya. The raising of
the Dutch flag was
considered to have
disrespect for
Indonesian
independence, which
sparked anger among
the people of Surabaya.
4. The Friday, Jl. Soekarno, Drs. • The Japanese
Proclamation August 17th, Pegangsaa Mohammad occupation
of Indonesian 1945 n Timur Hatta, and • The younger
Independence No. 56, Faradj binSaid generation rejected
Jakarta bin Awadh the form of
Pusat Martak Indonesian
independence that
was given by Japan
as a result of their
defeat against the
Americans.
• The younger
generation forces
the older generation
to proclaim
independence
• They agreed to
declare
independence on 17
August
5. The October 27th- Batavia Soegondo Broadly speaking, the
Declaration of 28th, 1928 (Jakarta) Jojopoespito, driving factors for the
the Indonesian Muhammad national awakening are
Youth Pledge Yamin, Soenario divided into two, namely
Sastrowardoyo, external and internal
Wage Rudolf factors. Internal factors,
Supratman, Djoko namely:
Marsaid, Amir (1) prolonged suffering
due to colonialism;
Syarifuddin,
(2) memories of past
Sarmidi
glories, such as during
Mangoensarkoro, the Srivijaya or
Sie Kong Liong, Majapahit Kingdoms;
 and and
Kartosuwiryo, (3) the emergence of
JohannesLeimana. intellectuals who became
leaders of the movement.
Meanwhile, the external
factors were:
(1) the emergence of new
ideas in Europe and
America such as
nationalism, liberalism
and socialism;
(2) the emergence of
national awakening
movements in Asia such
as the Young Turks, the
Indian National
Congress, and
Gandhism; and
(3) Japan's victory over
Russia in the Japan-
Russia war which made
Asian countries fight
western countries
6. The capture of March 28th, Magelang Kolonil Louis du Because he did’t want to
Prince 1830 Perr, Letnan ascend the throne and
Diponegoro Kolonel W. A. started a war against the
Roest and Mayor ruling sultan and the
Francois Victor Dutch colonial
Henri Antonnie government which in the
Rider du Stuerr, next five years of
Price Diponegoro, struggle, which spread to
etc. most of Central Java,
more than 200,000
Javanese troops and
15,000 Dutch troops
were killed. That's way,
On March 28th 1830,
with most of the other
guerrilla leaders
captured, Diponegoro
was invited to come to
Lt. Gen. De Kock's
house in Magelang to
negotiate the end of the
fighting and bring about
a mutual agreement.
There, after three hours,
Diponegoro was arrested.
Task 2
Vocabulary
Find the meaning of the words below.
Word Meaning Word Meaning
Archipelago Kepulauan Anthem Lagu kebangsaan
Marked Ditandai Unity Kesatuan
Youths Pemuda Lyrics Lirik
Urge Dorongan Occasion Kesempatan
Awake Bangun Known Dikenal
Nationalists Nasionalis Proclamation Proklamasi
Post Pos Declaration Deklarasi

Fill in the blank space using the suitable words from task 2.
Task 3

The Youth Pledge

On 28 October 1928 in Jakarta, 1) Youth from across Indonesia held the
IndonesianYouth Congress. This congress 2) Marked the official assembly to 3)
Urge for the independence.
During the congress, the song “Indonesia Raya” was first 4) Known by
Wage Rudolf Supratman. He 5) Occasion ” Indonesia Raya” on the violin. The 6)
Lyrics of the song were able to awaken the spirit of 7) Unity among the Indonesian
Youths. The song marked the birth off the all-archipelago nationalist movement in
Indonesia and supported the idea of one united “Indonesia”. On this occasion, a 8)
Declaration known as the Youth Pledge was made by young Indonesian 9)
Nationalist They declared the idea of one motherlands-Indonesia, one nation-
Indonesia, and one language-the Indonesian language. After the Proclamation of
Independence of the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August 1945, “ Indonesia Raya”
became the national 10) Anthem

Task 4
1. What is a historical recount text?
Answer : A historical recount text is retelling the events which are considered as historical
moment. A historical recount text chronicle a sequence of past events regarded as historically
important. historical recounts, in addition to recording events in an historical sequence,
identify casual links between them.
2. How is recount text organized?
Answer : In the recount text, the sentences are usually organized according to
timeorder or chronological order. One thing happens and then another thing
happens, and the events are told in the same order.
3. Put the text in task 3 into following table!
Title The Youth Pledge

Orientation What events are quoted in the text above?

- Youth Pledge
Who were the figures in the incident?
- Youth from across Indonesia
When will the event be held?
- On 28 October 1928
Where is the event held?
- In Jakarta

Events Sequence of events are:

1) Indonesian Youth Congress
2) The introduction of the national anthem Indonesia
Raya
3) They declared the idea of one motherlands-Indonesia,
one nation-Indonesia, and one language-the Indonesian
language. After the Proclamation of Independence of the
Republic of Indonesia on 17 August 1945, “Indonesia
Raya” became the national anthem.