CONSTRUCTION

Planning and Alignment: Planning is a fundamental and challenging activity in the

management and execution of construction projects. It involves the choice of
technology, the definition of work tasks, and identification of any interactions among
the different work tasks. A good construction plan is the basis for developing the
budget and the schedule for work.

Alignment: Aligning the metro line is one of the major fundamental and tricky task
which includes various parameters such as curves, traffic, available land, land
acquisition, subsoil conditions, possible station locations and etc.

Curve: The metro stretch is usually provided in straight & curve stretches. The largest
and permissible radius of the curve that can be provided is 192.5 m Radius as per
BMRCL provisions

Traffic: The Metro lines are usually provided such that all the piers are placed on the
middle of the road to avoid the traffic and Metro stations are usually elevated of the
roads with column support for them being access provide on the sides of the road.
During the construction of the Metro, the usage of heavy vehicles and long lasting
processes may lead to traffic, so care has be taken there also.

Available Land Area and Land Acquisition: The available land and the further land
which is required are estimated and land acquisition process is carried out. Land
acquisition is done before starting the project and compensation packages for the
properties are taken over from the land owners through KIADB.

The following care has been taken during alignment and land acquisition also.

 The buildings which come across and to be demolished and the trees cutting
and the permission to be taken from concerned department.
 The water supply and Drainage lines which can interfere during piling and
excavation have to be noted and shifted priority basis on BMRCL cost.
 Electrical Lines, Telecom Lines and other lines which interfere and to be
encountered during the construction of either sub-structure or super- structure
have been cleared in advance with the help of the respective departments.

Once the above works are completed the Metro alignment line of BMRCL is marked
by laying drains along the sides of the Metro line. Drains indicate the boundary of
land acquired by BMRCL.
PRE-CONSTRUCTION

General
 Prior to commencement of any diversion work, approval will has to be taken
from the relevant utility owning authorities.
 Traffic will be diverted according to the approved traffic diversion plan.
 The work area will be barricaded using barricading boards and construction
signs will be displayed at the site.
 Lighting with adequate intensity will be provided in and around the work area
during the night shift.
 Area will be cleared of all large bushes, trees, hedges and tree roots within a
distance of 5000 mm from the edge of the line of barricading.

Marking of Co-ordinates
Once the alignment of the project is fixed, the pier locations ( i.e coordinates ) will be
marked precisely using a total station. Then at each location, excavation layout for
trial pit corresponding to the pier will be marked with paint/peg system on the ground.

Excavation at Ground Level

The crust of the existing road shall be excavated using jack hammer, driven by diesel
operated air compressor. Excavation shall be done to a depth of 1.5m to 2.0m.
Utilities passing within the pile cap/pier layout can be located by manual excavation.

Excavation below the Ground Level

Once the existing road has been excavated the remaining depth of trial pit shall be
excavated using shovels, pickaxe and spades. The trial pit shall be excavated up to a
depth of 1.5m to 2.0m. Extra care shall be taken while removing the soil near the
utilities, after excavating to a depth of 2m, the trail pit will be again checked manually
for pipes/cables etc. If any utility is identified then the pit will be excavated to
required depth manually. If not, the trail pit will be terminated at 2m depth. The
utilities found in the trial pit shall be protected by steel boards or other suitable means
as per the utility authority. In case of accidental damage to the utility, it should be
immediately informed to the concern authorities of utility and client.

Recording of utilities in Trial Pit

Once the excavation is completed, all the utilities shall be recorded in respect of the
direction of the passing and its depth from road level/ground level. A layout drawing
of utilities present in the location shall be prepared. The concern authorities of
respective utilities shall be informed for further action.

Back filling of Trial Pit

Once all the utilities are identified the trial pit shall be backfilled with same excavated
material.
SUB SOIL-INVESTIGATION
Soil inspection or say geotechnical inspection is very important in understanding the
physical properties of soil and the rocks beneath. This is required to ascertain the type
of foundation required for the proposed construction. The main purpose of soil
investigation is to evaluate geo-technical parameters of Soil at the proposed borehole
locations, aggressiveness of soil due to chemical content in the deposits and to
estimate bearing capacity of soil.

Machinery and Equipment for Sub-Soil Investigation

 Tripod winch
 Hand auger
 Tri-pod
 Standard Penetration Test apparatus
General
 Shell and auger boring method is suitable for soft ground investigation.
 The Percussion boring method consists of breaking up of the formation by
repeated blows from a bit or a chisel.
 Water shall be added to the hole at the time of boring and the debris taken out
at regular intervals.
 The toll consists of augers for soft to stiff clay, shell for very stiff and hard
clay and shells or sand pumps for sandy strata, attached to sectional boring
rods
 The boring rods are raised or lowered by means of shear legs and a winch, and
are turned by hand.
 Rotary mud circulation drilling technique shall be adopted for advancing and
cleaning out borehole in over burden soil between sample intervals and
continuous coring in rock strata.
 Standard penetration test (SPT) will be conducted at 1.5 m intervals or at
change of strata.
 Undisturbed samples (UDS) will be collected at every 3.0m interval and at
change of strata from cohesive soil layers.
 Conducting SPT and collection of UDS shall be made at alternate depths.
 The rigs are of very high capacity and are well suited for the required work.
 The rigs are fairly new and well-maintained thereby good core recovery can be
achieved.
 The cutter or drill bit shall be decided based on the strata encountered.

Boring in Soil
 Minimum diameter of boring shall be 150 mm.
 Casing shall be used to support the sides of boreholes in soft to loose soils.
 The boreholes shall be advanced by shell and auger drilling with mud
circulation through all kinds of soils other than rock.
 Water table in the borehole shall be carefully recorded and reported.

Boring in Rock
 TC bits shall be used for Boring in soft / weathered rock.
 Diamond bits for hard rock (Rock Quality Designation (RQD) > 50% or core
recovery percentage (> 75%).
 Maximum length of core in rock shall be 1.5 m. In hard rock maximum length
of core shall be restricted to 1.0 m.
 Double tube core barrel shall be used for taking core.
 After recording the details of cores, the drill core and cuttings shall be marked
and preserved carefully in core boxes and the core samples shall be
transported to the laboratory for testing