Construction of RCC bridge No.

1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG

No. AS-11-718

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

The soil investigation work was carried out during the month of .................. at the Proposed
Construction of RCC Br. No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata Road Besides Boring, Standard Penetration
Tests at specified intervals were also performed as per I.S. specifications,undisturbed as well as
disturbed samples were collected from the bore-holes for classification of soil, shear strength
tests and all other relevent tests were performed to determine the safe bearing capacity of the
soil.

1.2. Objective :

The objective of the report is restricted to the collection of factual information during the
investigation period and submission of laboratory tests results,so as to sequence,extent of soil
stratification,bearing capacity of soil,to ascertain the design parameters for the foundations from
the recommended safe bearing capacity of foundation soil.

Test point Locations

1. Bore hole Locations

As desired seven nos. of bore holes were carried out keeping in view of soil strata so as to
ascertain the safe bearing capacity of soil at different depths.

Bore Hole Termination

Name of site
No. depth (m)

Construction of RCC bridge No.

1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road
1 25.0
Under PMGSY PkG No. AS-11-
718
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

1.3 Planning And Soil Exploration :

On the basis of nature of work it was decided to carry out soil exploration in order to :

b) Obtain soil samples, both representative disturbed and undisturbed wherever necessary
for classification and other laboratory tests for determining engineering properties of soil
strata.

c) Obtain soundings of penetration resistance by standard Penetration test in the bore holes.

1.4 Design criteria For Footings :

i) Footing must be safe against shear failure of supporting soil.

ii) Footing must not settle more than permissible limit of settlement.

Net safe bearing capacity 'qns' is obtained by using the S.P.T value of foundation & the relevant
shear parameters of soil. Factor of safety of 2.5 is applied on ultimate bearing capacity as
recommended by B.I.S. Net loading intensity 'qns' is obtained by using physical characteristics
of foundation & relevant compressibility characteristics of the underlying soil. The settlement
so obtained shall be with in permissible limits as per BIS recommendations.

The computed values i.e. 'qns' as the allowable bearing capacity for designing foundations of
structure is adopted after settlement criteria is satisfied or within the permissible limit .

1.5 Sub soil water level

The sub soil water level is encountered at various bore holes as shown in Bore Hole logs.

2. DETAILS OF FIELD WORK

2.1 Boring operation & Sampling :

150 mm dia hole was advanced at the location Using shell and auger/Drilling method.

150 mm nominal dia flush steel casing was advanced with the boring and the full length of the
bore hole was encased at each location.
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

2.2 Disturbed and Undisturbed Sample :

Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were obtained depending upon the nature of soil from
different depths in the bore hole. The undisturbed samples were collected in sampling tubes. The
ends of the tubes are sealed with molten wax to prevent evaporation. These samples were
subsequently tested in the laboratory so as to determine the various index and engineering
proportion of various sub soil strata met in the bore holes.

2.3 Standard Penetration Test

Standard Penetration test was performed in the boreholes. The standard split spoon
sampler, attached to a string of drill rods was lowered to the bottom of the hole and
allowed to rest under self weight. The drill rods were connected to driving assembly
which consisted of a hoisting equipments, a drive weight (Hammer) of 65 Kg, and a guide
to ensure a 75 cm free fall of hammer on an anvil. The number of hammer blows that
were required to penetrate the sampler through three runs of 150 mm each were recorded.
Initial driving of 150 mm was disregarded and the number of blows required to drive the
sampler through the remaining 300 mm is called BLOW COUNT or PENETRATION
NUMBER,N. At the end of the test, the sampler was withdrawn and the soil extracted for
subsequent testing in the laboratory . If the penetration was less than 30 cm for 100
blows, it is considered as refusal and the actual penetration was recorded.

Correction of 'N' value :

In case of Sandy soil & Non plastic silts, the observed SPT values, designated as 'N', are to be
corrected to account for the following two effects.

(i) Correct to account for the effect of overburden pressure.

N' = Cn x N

Cn' is overburden pressure correction and is calculated from the figure No. 1 given on page No.
8 in IS : 2131-1981.

(ii) Correction due to submergence Correction.

N" = 15 + (N'-15)/2 provided N' is >15 where 'N" is the final corrected value where ever both the
overburden and submergence corrections are necessary the overburden correction is applied first
correction of N values of Bore Hole.
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

3.0 LABORATORY TESTS :

3.1 Index Properties

All the relevant classification on the samples obtained from the bore holes were carried out in the
laboratory. The index properties obtained from such classification tests at different depths in the
bore holes are reported.

3.2 DISTURBED SOIL SAMPLES:

Disturbed soil sample collected in field have been tested in laboratory and preparation of sample
for the under mentioned tests have been done in accordance with I.S.2720-(Part-I)-1983.

1. Sieve analysis test as per I.S. Specification No. 2720 --(Part-IV).

2. Atterburg limit test (L.L. & P.I. ) as per I.S. Specification No. 2720 --(Part-II).

3. Natural moisture content as per I.S.Specification No.2720 – (Part-IV).

4. Particle size analysis test as per I.S.Specification No. 2720-(Part-VI).

5. Wet density test as per I.S.Specification No 2720- (Part-VI).

6. Dry density test as per I.S.Specification No. 2720- (Part-VI)

7. Specific Gravity test as per I.S.Specification No-2720-(Part-III)-Sec.2.

3.3 UNDISTURBED SOIL SAMPLES:

Undisturbed Soil samples have been prepared in accordance with I.S. Specification No. 2720-
(Part-I)- 1983 and tested as follows:-
1. Sieve analysis test as per I.S. Specification No. 2720 --(Part-IV).

2. Atterburg limit test (L.L. & P.I. ) as per I.S. Specification No. 2720 --(Part-II).

3. Natural moisture content as per I.S.Specification No.2720 – (Part-IV).

4. Particle size analysis test as per I.S.Specification No. 2720-(Part-VI).

5. Wet density test as per I.S.Specification No 2720- (Part-VI).

6. Dry density test as per I.S.Specification No. 2720- (Part-VI)

7. Specific Gravity test as per I.S.Specification No-2720-(Part-III)-Sec.2.

Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

8. Triaxial compression test and determination of shear parameter

(C & Ø as per I.S. XII) & I.S. 2720 – (part – XIII).

9. Consolidation test conducted as per I.S Specification No. 2720-(Part-XV).

Calculation of bearing capacity is governed generally by I.S. Specification No . 8009- )Part-I)-
1976, I.S.No.2720- (Part – II)- 1980, I.S. No 6403-1981, I.S. 1904-1978 and I.S. 1080-1985 and other
relevant I.S. Codes as well as based on assessment and latest developments.

DELETERIOUS CHEMICALS:

The nature of strata was fairly identical through the site therefore one representative soil sample
from the site was prepared & tested for deleterious chemicals which may effect the concrete &
reinforcement the results are given below :

4.0 INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS:

The exact choice of type of foundation shall depend on the relative economics and practical
considerations.

The allowable bearing pressure for the footing foundation shall be governed by I.S.6403-1981
“code of practice for determination of allowable bearing pressure of shallow foundation” for
shear consideration and governed by I.S 1904-1978”code of practice for structural safety of
building: Shallow foundation for settlement considerations. The settlement has been calculated
in accordance with I.S.8009-(Part-I & II) – 1976.

5.0 FOUNDATION PARAMETERS.

Allowable Bearing capacity values are based on the following parameters :

R.C.C Pile Foundation

Length of Pile (L) = 20.00 metre.

Diameter of Pile ( D ) = 1.00 metre.

Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

6.0 ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY CRITERIA

A foundation can fail by two modes i.e.

i. Shear failure.
ii. Excessive settlement.

Shear failure being catastrophic, an adequate factor of safety is applied to ultimate bearing capacity that
can initiate this type of failure. BIS recommends a value of FOS = 2.5 to obtain the net safe bearing
capacity qns by using the physical characteristics of the foundation and relevant shear strength parameters
of soil. Through Settlement analysis a net loading intensity qn is obtained by using the physical
characteristics of the foundation and the relevant compressibility characteristics of the underlying soil. The
value so obtained ensures that the foundation shall not settle more than that which is permissible as per
BIS recommendations. The permissible settlement depends upon the type of superstructure and the nature
of supporting strata.
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

CORRECTION OF N - VALUES

The field S.P.T is corrected for both Over burden pressure and for dilatancy.

Over burden
N–
B.H No. Depth Pressure N - Values
2 Corrected
kg/cm
1 1.5 0.150 3 5

3.0 0.300 6 8

4.5 0.450 9 11

6.0 0.600 9 10

7.5 0.750 12 13

9.0 0.900 17 16

10.5 1.050 19 17

12.0 1.200 20 17

13.5 1.350 27 20

15.0 1.500 27 19

16.5 1.650 30 20

18.0 1.800 32 21

19.5 1.950 33 21

20.0 2.000 35 21

20.5 2.050 35

21.0 2.100 36

21.5 2.150 37

22.0 2.200 38

22.5 2.250 39

23.0 2.300 40

23.5 2.350 41

24.0 2.400 42
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

7.0 COMPUTATION OF ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

7.1 FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATION

FROM C-Ø VALUE :

For bearing capacity the following formula has been adopted as per I.S: 6403 - 1981.

qs = (q (Nq-1)Sqdqiq + 0.5xB g Ng Sg dg ig W' ) / F) x 10 t / m

2

Where,
qs = Ultimate Bearing Capacity

q = Effective Surcharge at the bale level of foundation in kgf/cm2

Nq, Ng = Bearing Capacity factor

Sq, Sg = Shape Fector

iq, ig = Inclination Factor

B = Width of Footing

g = Bulk Unit weight of foundation soil in kgf/cm2

W' = Water table correction factor

F = Factor of safty
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

Considering a Square Footing of Size 5.0 m x 5.0 m at depth D f = 6.00m Bearing Capacity,

FROM C-Ø VALUE :

For Bore hole No.1

B = 500 cm

At depth Df = 600 cm

D = 2.04 m Depth of Water Table

g' = 0.001 kgf/cm3

q = 0.600 kgf/cm2

2
c = 0.00 kgf / cm

Average N -value Near the tip of the pile = (11 + 10) / 2 = 10.50 Say, N= 10

For N = 10.0 f = 26o

For f = 26o From IS 6403: 1981

Nq = 11.85 Ng = 12.54

sq = 1.20 sg = 0.80 `

0 2 0
dq = dg = 1+0.1x(Df/B)x√Nf for f > 10 Where, Nf = tan (45 +f/2)

= 1.19

a = 0 iq = 1.00 ig = 1

W' = 0.5x[1+((Df-D)/B)] => W' = 0.60

F = 2.5

qs = ((0.6 x (11.85- 1) x1.20 x 1.19 x 1.00)+0.5x500x0.001x12.54x0.8x1.19x1x0.60) / 2.5) x 10

= 44.35 t / m2
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

PILE LOAD CAPACITY

The safe load carrying capacity of a bored cast in-situ concrete pile on granular soil has been worked out
by using the following formular as per IS: 2911 (Part I/Sec 2) - 1979

= Ap (0.5xDgNg +Pd Nq) +∑ i(K Pdi tand Asi)

n
Qs

2
Where Ap = Cross sectional area of pile stem at toe level in cm

D = Stem diameter in cm

g = Effective unit weight of soil at pile toe in kgf / cm3

2
PD = Effective overburden pressure at pile toe in kgf / cm

Ng & Nq = Bearing capacity factors depending upon the angle of internal friction f at toe

∑ni = Summation of n Layers in which Pile is installed.

k = Co-efficient of Earth Pressure.

PDi = Effective overburden pressure at pile toe in kgf / cm2 for the ith layer where I varies
from 1 to n
d = Angle of wall friction between pile and soil in degrees

Asi = Surface area of pile in cm2 in the ith layer where I varies from 1 to n
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

PILE LOAD CAPACITY CALCULATION

For Borehole No. 1

Length of pile, L = 2000 cm

D = 100 cm

g = 0.002 kgf/cm3

g' = 0.001 kgf/cm3

2
PD = 2.20 kgf / cm

Average N -value Near the tip of the pile = (20 + 21) / 2 = 20.50 N = 20

For N = 20.0 f = 33o

For f = 33o From IS 6403: 1981

Nq = 26.09 Ng = 35.19

0 0
d = 33 => Tan(33) = 0.65

K = 1.0 (Co-efficient of earth pressure at rest)

Depth of Ground water table = Below 204.00 cm From existing Ground level

PDi = ((204x0.002x204)/2 +204x(2000-204)x0.002+((2000-204)x(2000-204)x0.001)/2))/2000

PDi = 1.194 kgf / cm2

2
Ap = (3.1415 / 4) x 100^2 = 7,853.98 cm

Effective shaft length = 2000 cm

2
As = 6,28,318.53 cm

F = Fector of Safty = 2.5

Qs = ((7,853.98 x (0.5 x 100 x 0.002 + 2.204x26.09) +( 1 x 1.19 x 6,28,318.53 xTan(33)) / 2.5) / 1000

2
= 375.80 T/m
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

SUMMARY SHEET:-

Location: Darrang

Project title : Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG No. AS-
11-718
OPEN FOUNDATION

Depth Below
Site Name Proposed Ground Net safe Bearing Capacity (t)
level(m)

4.00 28.07
Construction of
RCC bridge No.
4.50 31.86
1/1 on Gumi
Bankakata III
Road Under 5.00 36.02
PMGSY PkG No.
AS-11-718 6.00 44.35

Since the Bearing Capacity of the Soil upto 6.0 m is much less than the axial loads coming
from the super structure, and beyound 6.0 m open foundation is not economical, it is
suggested to go for deeper foundation.

PILE FOUNDATION
The pile load Capacities of different diameter piles at different depts are tabulated below-

Depth Below
Site Name Proposed Ground Dia. Of pile (mm) Net safe Bearing Capacity (t)
level(m)

900.00 277.72
18.00
1000.00 325.03
Construction of
RCC bridge No. 900.00 299.46
19.00
1/1 on Gumi
1000.00 350.00
Bankakata III
Road Under 900.00 310.60
PMGSY PkG No. 19.50
AS-11-718 1000.00 362.80

900.00 321.93
20.00
1000.00 375.80
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

RECOMMENDATION:

From field and laboratory investigations the following pile may be addopted for te purpose of design
of foundation.

Length of Pile = 20.00 m

Type of Pile Dia of Pile (mm) Safe Pile Load Capacity (ton)

Bored Cast-In-Situ
1000 375.80
R.C.C pile

However,the theoretical load carrying capacity of pile is to be verified by

conducting load test on pile.
 Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

Type of Boring : Sell/Auger Borring Date Started : 08.08.2019

BORE HOLE NO. 01
Ground Elevation: Date Completed : 09.08.2019
SAMPLE COLLECTED

STRATA

GROUND
WATER
DEPTH

VALUE
Depth - N-value curve

LEVEL
(m)

N-
DESCRIPTION OF STRATA
D/S U/S
10 20 30 40

1.0
1.5 3
2.0

Silty sand gray in 3.0 3.0 6

colour

4.0
Below 2.04 m

4.5 9
5.0

6.0 6.0 9

7.0
7.5 12
8.0

Fine to medium sand

gray in colour 9.0 9.0 17

10.0
10.5 19
11.0

12.0 12.0 20

13.0
13.5 27
Coarse Sand Brown in 14.0
colour

15.0 15.0 27
D/S = Disturbed Sample U/S = Undisturbed Sample S.P.T. = Standard Penetration Test
Depth of Sampler = 0.45 m
 Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

Type of Boring : Sell/Auger Borring Date Started : 08.08.2019

BORE HOLE NO. 01
Ground Elevation: Date Completed : 09.08.2019
SAMPLE COLLECTED

STRATA

GROUND
WATER
DEPTH

VALUE
Depth - N-value curve

LEVEL
(m)

N-
DESCRIPTION OF STRATA
D/S U/S
10 20 30 40

Coarse Sand Brown in 16.0

colour
16.5 30

17.0

Below 2.04 m

18.0 18.0 32

19.0

Coarse Sand mixed 19.5 33

with Gravels

20.0 35

D/S = Disturbed Sample U/S = Undisturbed Sample S.P.T. = Standard Penetration Test

Depth of Sampler = 0.45 m

Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Bore Depth Moisture Specific Bulk Density Dry Density

Void Ratio
Hole No. (m) Content (%) gravity (gm/cc) (gm/cc)

1.5 33.00 2.66 1.96 1.47 0.81

1

2.0 32.00 2.66 - - -

3.0 30.00 2.64 1.97 1.52 0.74

3.5 29.00 2.65 - - -

4.5 31.50 2.65 1.97 1.50 0.77

5.0 33.00 2.65 - - -

6.0 32.50 2.66 2.00 1.51 0.76

6.5 32.00 2.65 - - -

7.5 29.00 2.65 2.00 1.55 0.71

9.0 31.00 2.66 1.96 1.50 0.78

10.5 31.00 2.67 1.98 1.51 0.77

12.0 32.40 2.66 1.98 1.50 0.78

13.5 31.00 2.67 2.00 1.53 0.75

15.0 32.00 2.65 2.00 1.52 0.75

16.5 33.00 2.65 1.98 1.49 0.78

18.0 30.75 2.67 1.98 1.51 0.76

19.5 31.00 2.68 1.97 1.50 0.78

20.0 31.80 2.68 1.97 1.49 0.79

Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

Particle size Analysis

Bore Hole Depth Fine Sand Medium Sand Coarse Sand

Clay (%) Silt (%) Gravel (%)
No. (m) (%) (%) (%)

1 1.5 3.0 78.00 19.00 - - -

3.0 5.0 74.00 21.00 - - -
4.5 2.0 70.00 28.00 - - -
6.0 1.0 49.00 30.00 20.00 - -
7.5 - 28.00 35.00 37.00 - -
9.0 - 14.00 30.00 56.00 - -
10.5 - 9.00 30.00 61.00 - -
12.0 - 2.00 19.00 79.00 - -
13.5 - 1.00 10.00 60.00 29.0 -
15.0 - - 8.00 51.00 41.0 -
16.5 - - 5.00 42.00 53.0 -
18.0 - - 3.00 32.00 34.0 31.0
19.5 - - 1.00 8.00 34.0 57.0
20.0 - - - 3.00 30.0 67.0
Construction of RCC bridge No. 1/1 on Gumi Bankakata III Road Under PMGSY PkG
No. AS-11-718

SHEAR TEST RESULTS

Triaxial Test Direct shear test
BoreHole No. Depth (m) o
C (kg/cm2) f C (kg/cm2) fo
1 2.0 - - - 24o
3.5 - - - 25o
5.0 - - - 26o
6.5 - - - 26o
7.5 - - - 29o
10.5 - - - 31o
13.5 - - - 32o
15.0 - - - 32o
18.0 - - - 32o
20.0 - - - 33o