UK SOC SCI 102N

PHILIPPINE CULTURE, HERITAGE

AND INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES

TOPIC 1
Philippine Culture and Heritage
TOPIC 1.1
BAYBAYIN: Pre-colonial
Philippine Writing System
By+byin+
WATCH (Required)
Essence and Importance of the
Baybayin Script

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GjeNO-
KB8s&feature=emb_logo
 Why study Baybayin?

Whether you are a foreigner or a native, Philippines

is your home. The very moment you are living here,
you are a Filipino, and to be truly at home – the best
way to live with us is to learn our roots, share our
identity – so in this course, we will all immerse
together to our pre-colonial past, particularly our
pre-colonial, pre-Hispanic, ancient Philippine Writing
System called Baybayin.
 Baybayin: Symbol of Culture and Patriotism

Baybayin is our cultural heritage. It is one of our rich

past, a true manifestation that we are NOT
uncivilized like the colonizers used to say and
whitewash our history with.

Even before the colonial period, we are already a

rich and advanced civilization with our own system
of learning and education.
 English/Filipino
Alphabet

bybyin
It’s BAYBAYIN
NOT ALIBATA
Alibata is a misnomer and should
not be used to refer to this writing
system. It’s Baybayin!
 BAYBAYIN
Baybayin came from the tagalog word Baybay
which actually has two meanings.

Baybay in context of language, literally means,

syllable which is related to the basic rule of
Baybayin because each character (letter) stands for
one syllable. In Baybayin, you spell the word by
syllable that’s why it’s called Baybayin (Write by
syllable).
The other translation and reference to Baybay is the
beach. The tagalog (even in Ilocano) word for
baybay also mean the beach, this is because if you
have noticed the figure of the Baybayin characters,
they look like waves where this ancient script was
inspired to be made, as geographically, Philippines
is an archipelagic nation surrounded by waters.

Mbuhy aN pilipims
 BAYBAYIN
For Traditional Baybayin:
It only has 17 characters (which is easier to
memorize) compared to 28 letters in the Philippine
Alphabet or 26 letters in English Alphabet.

For Modern Baybayin:

There are already corresponding characters for
each of the English and Filipino Alphabet letters.
The best way to learn
it is to write it!
For International Students, I hope you are
familiar with some basic Tagalog words.
You gotta try kapatid!
The best way to learn it
is to write it!
Go get some paper or notebook and begin
practicing it. Take it slowly but surely.
Traditional Baybayin
T+rdis+yonl+ n by+byin+
Baybayin has four basic strokes:

STROKE 1
The Inverted S

STROKE 2
The Number 3

STROKE 3
The letter V with curvy base
and curvy end

STROKE 4
The Wave
We will only learn first
the Traditional Baybayin
Seventeen (17) Characters only
= 3 vowels + 14 consonants
 The Vowels

A E U
A E/I O/U
Stroke 3 with Stroke 1 over Just Stroke 2
two parallel lines in Stroke 4
its left tail
 The Consonants
B Ba M Ma
D Da / Ra n Na

F Fa/ Pa N Nga

G Ga S Sa

H Ha T Ta

K Ka W Wa

L La y Ya

NOTE: All consonants are pronounced with ‘a’

In writing, for example: BABAE (woman)

BbE
BA BA E
You transcribe it per syllable (baybayin)
In writing, for example: LALAKI (man)

llki
LA LA KI
You notice that there is difference in ‘ki’

So you might ask, if all consonants end with ‘a’, what will
I do if i want it to end in e, i, o, or u?
To change the vowel sound in the end of each
consonant you just need to add this features:

b be bo
Ba Be/Bi Bo/Bu
or if you wish to be more specific of the vowel sound, place (–) above the character for ‘e’
and below for ‘u’ or just a dot period above for ‘I’ and below for ‘o’. Of if you just want the
letter and remove the vowel sound, just place ‘x’ or a cross ‘+’ below the character.

bbBe b o b B+
Ba Be Bi Bo Bu B
For punctuations:

| One slash or standing line

means comma (,)

|| Two parallel standing lines or

slashes means period (.)

Other punctuations still apply.

 Missing Letters
Missing English Alphabet Tagalog Equivalent
Letters (varies in sound and context)

C K

F P

J DYA, DYE, DYI, DYO, DYU

Q KYA, KYE, KYI, KYO, KYU

KWA, KWE, KWI, KWO, KWU
V B

X KSA, KSE, KSI, KSO, KSU

Z S

Ñ NYA, NYE, NYI, NYO, NYU

Filipino Alphabet Baybayin Character
Letters
No Vowel
Sound A E/I O/U
A A
B/V B+ B be bo
C/K K+ k ke ko
D/R D+ d de do
E E
F/P F+ f fe fo
G G+ g Ge go
H H+ h he ho
I Ei
Filipino Alphabet Baybayin Character
Letters
No Vowel
Sound A E/I O/U
J D=y= d=y D=ye D=yo
L B+ B be bo
M M= m me mo
N n= n ne no
O Oi
Q K=y K=ye K=yo
S/Z S= s se so
T T= t te to
U U
Filipino Alphabet Baybayin Character
Letters
No Vowel
Sound A E/I O/U
W W= w we wo
X K=s K=se K=so
Y Y= y ye yo
Sample Exercises:

PILIPINAS
(Philippines)

Pi l i p i n s+
Pi li pi na s
Sample Exercises:

MAGANDA
(Beautiful)

Mgn+ d
Ma ga n da
Sample Exercises:

Kalayaan
(Freedom)

Klyan+
Ka la ya a n
Sample Exercises:

Binibining Marikit
(Beautiful Lady)

bi n i b i n i N +
Bi ni bi ni ng

mri k i t +
Ma ri ki t
Sample Exercises:

Ikaw at ako, hanggang sa huli.

(You and I, until the end.)

Ikw+ at+ ak,o

I ka w a t a ko,
hN+gN+ s huli
Ha ng ga ng sa hu li
 Transcribing English Words into Baybayin
English Tagalog Baybayin Transcription
PERIODIC PERYODIK
Per+yodik+
TRAFFIC TRAPIK
T+rpik+
PATRICK PATRIK
Pt+rik+
JAMES DYEYMS
D+yey+m+s+
BRYAN BRAYAN
B+ryn+
MANUEL MANWEL or
MANUEL MnuEl+
COMPUTER KOMPYUTER
Kom+p+yuter+
The tip here is that, transcribe the word per syllable. If the syllable does not have a
corresponding character in Baybayin, transcribe it first into its Tagalog equivalent.
Modern Baybayin
Moder=noN= by+byin+

In Modern Baybayin, there is no need to transcribe words into Tagalog.

Just divide them by syllable or just transcribe them according to their
spelling with their corresponding Baybayin characters.
English Alphabet Baybayin Character
Letters
No Vowel
Sound A E/I O/U
A A
B B+ B be bo
C K+ k ke ko
D D+ d de do
E E
F F+ f fe fo
G G+ g Ge go
H H+ h he ho
I Ei
English Alphabet Baybayin Character
Letters
No Vowel
Sound A E/I O/U
J +

K K= k ke ko
L L= l le lo
M M= m me mo
N n= n ne no
O Oi
P P= p pe po
Q +

R D= r re ro
English Alphabet Baybayin Character
Letters
No Vowel
Sound A E/I O/U
S S+ S Se So
T T= t te to
U Uu
V +

W W= w we wo
X +

Y Y= y ye yo
Z +
Sample Exercises:

Jennifer

n= n i f e r =
Je n ni fe r
Sample Exercises:

Annexation

An= n e x ti O n=
A – n – ne – xa – ti – o – n
Sample Exercises:

Gherald

Ghe r l= d =
G he ra l d
Your task:
Memorize these characters,
master how to write words into
Baybayin and you should know
how to read one when you see it.
TRY IT!
In our course, we will be using
more of the Modern Baybayin.

Now, can you write your name in

Baybayin?
WATCH (Required)

Learn to write in Baybayin

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-Sp9LYfWuw
 UK SOC SCI 102N
PHILIPPINE CULTURE, HERITAGE
AND INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES

TOPIC 1.2
Philippine Culture and Heritage
WATCH (Required)
Dayaw Episode 1
Lupa, Kagubatan, Karagatan (Inspiring,
Challenging Environments)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=8KlO6_Jpd-4&t=64s
Guide Question (Dayaw Ep. 1)

While watching this episode, try to

find answer to the question: Does
the environment and nature shape
our culture or our culture shapes the
environment and nature?
WATCH (Required)
Dayaw Episode 2
Mito, Kuwento, Musika (The Indigenous
Imagination)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvkNKkRrgsc&t=2s
Guide Question (Dayaw Ep. 2)

While watching this episode, try to

find answer to the question:
How does human stories evolve into
art especially music? And why music
is important to our IP communities?
WATCH (Required)
Dayaw Episode 3
Inukit, Hinulma, Nilikha (Iconic Symbols of the
Indigenous)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riI0bJA16hM&t=15s
Guide Question (Dayaw Ep. 3)

While watching this episode, try to

find answer to the question:
How does IPs value their ancestry
and try to relate it why the land,
nature and environment is very
important in this aspect?
WATCH (Required)
Dayaw Episode 4
Hinabing Kasaysayan ng mga Kababaihan
(Weaving stories of Feminine Knowledge)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yByYvQ__-kQ&t=2s
Guide Question (Dayaw Ep. 4)

In this modern world, societies still

struggle to achieve gender parity, in this
episode: Do you think, Indigenous
Peoples have already achieve equal
parity of genders? Can you discuss the
role of women in preserving Indigenous
Culture and Arts?
WATCH (Required)
Dayaw Episode 5
Pagbangon, Pagpapatuloy (Restoring and
Protecting our Colonial Past)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JseIf3ZMnzE&t=33s
Guide Question (Dayaw Ep. 4)

In this episode: What do you think are

the challenges in preserving our
heritage? And in relation with your
course – how can you help contribute in
restoring and promoting our Indigenous
and colonial heritage?
Read, watch, take down notes. A quiz or
requirement will be announced soon.

Best of luck and enjoy!