Name:: Wolaita Sodo University

WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY
COLLAGE OF ENGENEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
INTEGRATED DESIGN I
PARLIAMENT BUILDING LITRATURE REVIEW
NAME: YIHUN GEREMEW
ID: ENG/R/646/10
INS: BZUNEH M.
HELDANA S.
NAOL W.
ANDUALEM G
ASHENAFI E.
LITRATURE REVIEW
Contents
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 3
WHAT IS PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM? ........................................................................................................ 3
HOW IT FORMED? ..................................................................................................................................... 3
❖ General standard for parliamentary and legislature buildings ............................................................. 3
• Allocation of Space Within Buildings ................................................................................................ 3
Meeting rooms.......................................................................................................................................... 3
FOYERS AND STAIRWAYS .......................................................................................................................... 4
CAR PARKS................................................................................................................................................. 4
Grading and drainage................................................................................................................................ 6
Parking design minimum consideration ................................................................................................... 6
Curve radii ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Islands ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
On-street ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Perpendicular ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Angled - 60 Degree.................................................................................................................................. 10
Motorcycles ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Buses ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Circulating ............................................................................................................................................... 12
The following minimum ceiling heights are considered ideal ................................................................ 13
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 17
FACADA,GLAZED,FRAMED ...................................................................................................................... 17
Facade working on parliamentary building ............................................................................................ 17
Glazed wall system on buildings ............................................................................................................. 18
Floor loading ........................................................................................................................................... 18
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ........................................................................................................................ 19
The building integration in the urban environment ............................................................................... 19
BUILDING SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................................... 20
HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING /HVAC/ ................................................................... 20
Occupation density for ventilation ......................................................................................................... 21
Fresh-air intakes system ......................................................................................................................... 21
1
Name:yihun geremew id/646/10 date /05/07/2012 e.c
LITRATURE REVIEW
MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................................. 22
FOR FLOOR: - ........................................................................................................................................... 22
Floor coverings materials and consideration .......................................................................................... 22
FOR WALL:............................................................................................................................................... 22
2
LITRATURE REVIEW
NTRODUCTION
❖ General standard for parliamentary and legislature buildings
Allocation of Space Within Buildings
The architectural design of the building should minimize or even eliminate any wastage of
covered space by ensuring that space is fairly allocated to the different functions to be performed
by the building.
Buildings configured in modules can be easily assessed for efficiency by examining how the
different types of area are allocated in accordance with the following classification:
1) Active office space: Net offices.
2) Major spaces: meeting halls, chambers, private room.
3) Office support areas: Archives and computer rooms or similar.
4) Special areas: Kitchenettes, kitchens, canteens, store rooms.
5) Auxiliary areas: Garages and other car-parking facilities.
6) Passageways: Lifts, stairways, corridors, fire lobbies, foyers.
7) Toilet and washroom facilities: Toilets, showers, saunas, downpipes
The percentage of the surface areas intended for use as offices or meeting rooms should not be
less than 65% of the total surface area of the building.
Meeting rooms
Meeting rooms are rooms planned in or near office areas and reserved for use by the departments
occupying the building. As a rule, they are created by combining several office units. These
rooms may be equipped with:
3
LITRATURE REVIEW
– special furniture (tables and chairs for meetings, boards etc.),
– sound amplification facilities, – audiovisual facilities,
– 230V sockets and network connection points at the center of tables to avoid the risk of falling,
– blackout systems
FOYERS AND STAIRWAYS

Foyers must be accessible from the public thoroughfare through a set of double doors with
automatic opening.
Foyers must have floor and wall coverings of a quality befitting an important public building.
Floors must have antiskid surfaces.
Foyers must be equipped with:
– a reception desk with two workstations (or more if necessary),
– a room, niche or fixed cabinet housing the central fire-alarm unit,
– a waiting area,
Stairways must not serve only as emergency exits, but should be well-populated thoroughfares.
They must be wide enough to allow several people to pass at the same time, well-lit and
generally pleasing.
Doors opening onto stairwells must be equipped with handles on both sides and not only with a
button on the stairwell side.
CAR PARKS
Arrangements to facilitate access by car Indoor car parks must be designed to:
– allow organized parking of passenger vehicles and two-wheel vehicles,
– facilitate official operations requiring transport vehicles.
Official operations regularly carried out through indoor car parks are:
– transport of documents (mail shuttle),
4
LITRATURE REVIEW
– transport of office materials (paper, publications, etc.),
– transport of refuse (bins and kitchen waste),
– transport of maintenance equipment and materials (for the technical and cleaning services)
Some common parking area planning and design guidelines are:
● Use 36 square meters per vehicle (includes entry, circulation, and parking spaces) as a
typical planning and cost estimating factor
● Minimize parking area entrance and exit curb cuts
● Locate separate visitor and reserved parking at the front entry of the facility
● Eliminate dead-end parking areas
● Locate entrances and exits away from busy intersections
● Locate aisles and rows of parking parallel to the long dimension of the site with parking on
each side of an aisle
● Use rectangular parking areas to minimize land area requirement.
5
LITRATURE REVIEW
Grading and drainage

Parking areas must be properly sloped and drained to take care of runoff
Parking design minimum consideration

● Ideal slope for all parking area pavements is 2%
● Longitudinal pavement slope should be between 1%-5%
● Pavement cross slope should be between 1%-10%
● Storm water should be collected on the perimeter of parking areas with a minimum of 2%
slope along concrete curb and gutter.
Curve radii
The radius of a parking area entry or exit curb return should be at least 4 meters.
When significant use by buses or tractor trailers is expected, the radius should be increased to 13
meters. Interior radii for perimeter curbing and islands can be reduced to 2 meters.
Care should be taken to provide an inside turning radius of at least 4 meters on all internal
vehicle circulation aisles.
Islands
Curbed or painted non-parking zones inside a parking area are referred to as islands. They can
increase safety and aesthetics and control circulation. Ideally, islands are curbed. They should be
at least 2.5 meters wide if trees are to be planted.
6
LITRATURE REVIEW
Islands can be created using reflective striping or paint on the pavement surface. Painted islands
do not provide a physical barrier vehicle circulation. Plants should not be installed without curbed islands
for protection.
On-street
According to Air Force Handbook, 32-1084, the Department of Defense does not support
constructing streets that include on-street parking. Many installations however, are using existing
streets to accommodate their parking needs this way. If on-street parking is used, the following
factors must be considered:
● Permit only parallel parking
Maintain a minimum distance of 15 meters from on-street parking spaces to intersections and
off-street parking area entrances
● Break up long lines of vehicles with occasional planting island projections if appropriate
7
LITRATURE REVIEW
● Ensure streets maintain required traffic-carrying capacities and provide safe vehicular and
pedestrian passage.
Perpendicular
Especially effective in low turnover rate or long-term parking areas, the perpendicular, or 90
degree
8
LITRATURE REVIEW
PARKING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS parking configuration is the most efficient and

economical since it accommodates the most vehicles per linear meter.
9
LITRATURE REVIEW
Angled - 60 Degree
This parking area configuration is ideal for a fast turnover rate or predominantly short-term use.
This is often offset by difficulties of inefficient circulation patterns and one-way aisles. Standard
dimensions for this configuration are:
Two rows plus aisle width 16.5 meters
Vehicles per 100 linear meter double row 65.6 meter
10
LITRATURE REVIEW
Motorcycles
11
LITRATURE REVIEW
Buses
The designer must consider use of buses at servant service, visitors service, meeting,
dining halls, and major recreational facilities on the installation. Some of the key
dimensions for the layout of parking and circulation of buses are:
Circulating
CAFETERIA AND RESTAURANT
Its purpose is to serve hot and cold drinks, sandwiches, cakes and pastries and also
food. The cafeteria in the proper sense of the term must be spacious and equipped
with seats calculated on the basis of the number of occupants of the building and of
the nearby buildings if they do not already have a cafeteria and restaurant.
12
LITRATURE REVIEW
Area (for 100 seats)
– dining room 200 m²
– counter 25 m²
– pantry 25 m²
– dishwashing area 20 m²
– storeroom 25 m²
– changing room 20 m²
The following minimum ceiling heights are considered ideal

– technical facilities in attic areas: h = 3.0 m
– office areas: h = 2.6 m.
Areas where the floor to ceiling height is less than 2.5 m are not included for the purposes of
defining office areas
– horizontal circulation: h = 2.4 m
– ground floor: h = 3.5 m
– basement floors: h = 2.2 m
– maneuvering areas in indoor car parks: h = 4.0 m.
LOBBIES
Where there are lobbies, these must meet the following criteria.
LIGHTING
lighting must be controlled by an automatic timer. The circuit design must enable
independent control of 1/3 and 2/3 of the total lighting.
13
LITRATURE REVIEW
CONFERENCE CHAMBERS
The meeting rooms in this section are rooms designed as such in the original structure of the
building and equipped with all the technical installations required for the staging of
international conferences Depending on their size and purpose, they may take different forms,
from an auditorium in which seminars can be organized to multi-purpose meeting rooms. Most
of them will be configured as meeting rooms. The equipment for these chambers must include:
– interpreting booths,
– air-conditioning and electrical installations
, – a sound amplification system,
– a projector maybe,
– blackout blinds,
– special furniture, which should be fixed and/or have built-in equipment.
In meeting rooms/conference chambers, particular attention must be given to the solution of

acoustic problems such as liveness and sound insulation both to and from the outside. For
safety reasons, where the number of occupants is more than 80, these rooms must have at least
two access doors in diagonally opposite corners of the room. Meeting/conference tables must
have space for technical equipment. Each room must have natural light. Space must be
provided around meeting rooms for coffee breaks and lunches. The floor covering in these
areas must be smooth. FIXTURES: chairs:-
14
LITRATURE REVIEW
Conference table
The table must be designed to fit as closely as possible into the architectural configuration of
the room. It must be positioned so as to afford the participants a clear view of the speakers, the
lectern and the projection screens.
The table may be rectangular, elliptical, triangular (delta shaped) or any other shape and may
be arranged in one or more rows.
15
LITRATURE REVIEW
– The minimum length of table per occupant must be 0.65 m and the maximum 1.20 m.
– The table may be of fixed size or be composed of interlinked conference desks.
– The central area must be accessible.
– Seated participants must be clearly identifiable for other participants and the interpreters
(name plates, screens, etc.). Similarly, speakers must be clearly identifiable.
– Equipment to be built into the table:
– Cabling is to be integrated invisibly in a cable run, in which the different types of cable are
kept apart (mains current, conference bus, data) and which must have 30% free space to
accommodate microphone interfaces. Cabling must be easily accessible at all times by
technical staff. – A space must be provided for IT equipment (for audiovisual presentations).
– The following equipment is required for each participant at meetings where interpretation is
provided:
• a high-quality microphone (1 for the chairperson and one between two participants),
• a push-to-talk button with indicator light,
• a language selector,
• a volume control for the headphones,
• a set of high-quality headphones,
• a 230V socket. • an RJ45 socket (IT network or telephone),
• an HD15 socket (for laptop)
. • an audio socket for the headphones (jack socket).Where TV cameras are to be used in the
meeting room/conference chamber, special lighting for broadcasts must be installed in addition
16
LITRATURE REVIEW
additional.
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
FACADA,GLAZED,FRAMED
Facade working on parliamentary building
Special care should also be paid to the general signposting in the building. Every pointer to
special parts of the building must be functional and blend in perfectly with the whole.
The colors and textures used in the finishing and cladding of the building must be carefully
chosen to fit the different architectural elements, the key areas and the different levels, offices
and other facilities. Generally, the building should be creating the feeling of low/parliament for
viewers
17
LITRATURE REVIEW
Facade must be designed in the light of the following criteria (lighting, insulation,
protection, etc.) and must satisfy the criterion of making the best use of solar energy (passive
use) with regard to the use of the building. Proactive and sensible use of solar energy is a desired
option for newly constructed or renovated buildings.
Glazed wall system on buildings

Double or triple glazing must be approved and monitored by the Belgian Building Standards
Federation. The manufacturer’s guarantee on glazing must be at least 10 years in accordance
with standard. A spare frame must be provided for each variation for buildings with structural
silicone glazing.
Framing system should be : Units must be built so that screening strips for curtain rails
can be fitted on the inside surface without dismantling, and so that convector covers and
internal partitions (fixed or movable) can be installed easily and effectively. All opening
mechanisms on frame units must be fitted with a circuit breaker activated by
electromagnetic repulsion to control the operation of the air conditioning.
Metal window units must be designed so that window panes can be easily replaced from inside
the building.
Floor loading
– minimum floor-loading capacity for all premises (including offices) = Class III (4 kN/m²);
– floor loading for all areas intended for current and compact archives, technical areas, limited
paper stocks, photocopiers, computer rooms, the main kitchen and equivalent purposes = Class V
with a minimum capacity of 6kN/m²;
an area with a floor loading suitable for archives (movable shelving) should be provided on each
level;
– the permissible floor loading at ground level spread evenly per m2 must be at least 2.5 kN/m²
for underground car parks;
a floor point loading of 10kN on 0.1 m x 0.1 m should be met in car parks;
– where applicable, the loading for the building surrounds should be at least 6 kN/m².
18
LITRATURE REVIEW
‘’loadings for meeting rooms and the special-purpose facilities referred must be Class III, IV or
V, as interpreted above, depending on the intended use of the area concerned.
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
The building integration in the urban environment
– the integrity of the site and vegetation during construction
– use of native plants in landscape design
– protection of natural resources, soil and water
– climatic conditions
– economical land use
– reduction in the use of impermeable surfaces
– minimizing emission levels
– the position and shape of the building in relation to wind effects and natural passive solar
heating and also due to active frontage
– planning of offices with due regard to heating requirements and measures to reduce internal
and external noise
– planning of offices using natural light
– inclusion of green spaces
This approach involves taking all the steps needed to:
– reduce the consumption of energy and water and minimize the production of waste
– achieve energy efficiency and use renewable energy sources
– take account of direct and indirect environmental impact
– conserve and recycle resources
– allow materials and equipment to be reused
19
LITRATURE REVIEW
– achieve high environmental quality both inside and outside
– use environmentally-friendly materials and components wherever possible
Buildings must be constructed in accordance with the most recent findings on how buildings
and materials affect health and welfare.
BUILDING SYSTEM
HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING /HVAC/
Fan convector air conditioning- the entire range of air-conditioning functions (heating and
cooling) is provided by fan convectors, supplemented by an intake of humidified clean air. To
save energy, the system in any given room/area must stop automatically when any window is
opened there, although a minimum level of frost protection must always be maintained.
– Heating by radiators (convectors)
– Radiant floor air conditioning (not advisable)
Example in the environment of External conditions is like the following
– Basic winter outside temperature: -10°C, 90% relative humidity
– Basic summer outside temperature: +30°C, 50% relative humidity
– All seasons: wind speed: 5 m/s
Interior conditions should be:
– Humidity: 40-70% relative humidity
– Temperature: – Air-conditioned areas - with external temperatures of between -10°C and

+27°C, interior temperatures must be between +20°C and +25°C.
– With external temperatures (t° exte) greater than 27°C, interior temperatures (t° int) vary
according to the external temperature as follows:
t° int <= ½ t° exte + 11.5°C
20
LITRATURE REVIEW
– Ventilated areas: in winter, the minimum temperature must not fall below 14°C. –
Toilets/washrooms and passageways: ≥ 20°C
– File registries: ≥ 20°C
– Historical archives: 18°C≤ t° int ≤ 20°C and 45% ≤ relative humidity ≤ 55%
– Storage areas: ≥ 16°C
– Indoor car parks: ≥ 5°C
Occupation density for ventilation

– individual office made up of two façade modules or 10 m² minimum.
– shared office of 8 m² per person (partitioning on a case-by-case basis)
– Meeting rooms: 2.5 m² per person.
– Restaurants: 2 m² per person.
– Lobby: 1.5 m² per person.
Fresh-air intakes system

all vents must be connected to the ventilation network.
The fresh-air intakes will preferably be placed in the upper part of the building, sheltered from
the dominant winds and any sources of chemical or biological pollution, so as not to draw them
into the building (e.g. aerosols emitted by cooling towers, vitiated air from extractor hoods or
ducts, exhaust gases, smoke from boilers, etc.).
Fresh-air intakes must be placed as far as possible from any exhaust outlets - at least ten/10m/
meters. The vents must not be located close to any vegetation. Like exhaust vents, they must be
fitted with grilles to prevent the entry of birds or small animals.
TECHNICAL AREAS HOUSING HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING

EQUIPMENT
BOILER ROOM: The boiler must be housed in a separate room, if possible, in the roof area,
which contains no other equipment. The legal requirements relating to the fire resistance of the
21
LITRATURE REVIEW
walls and doors of the boiler room are those laid down in Article 52.7 of the RGPT and standard
NBN B 61-001. The door to the access bay for the boiler room must be an automatically closing
fire door (RF1/2) compliant with standard NBN 713.020. The door should open in the direction of
evacuation.
The boiler room should have low level ventilation (external air intake) and high-level ventilation
(exit of vitiated air), as defined in standard NBN B 61.001.
A fuel gauge is needed to determine the exact fuel consumption of the boilers and to ensure
efficient use of energy. One gauge for all the boilers is sufficient. The boiler must be fitted with
an external emergency stop button outside the boiler room but near the entrance.
REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT ROOM
Refrigeration equipment must be placed in a machine room or on the roof (outside). Use of
refrigerating equipment by unauthorized persons must be prevented by keeping it closed or
partitioned off or by displaying appropriate signs. Access doors must open outwards (in the
direction of evacuation) and it must also always be possible to open them from the inside.
MATERIALS
FOR FLOOR: -
HCB,
CONCRETE,
TIMBER, GLASS.
Floor coverings materials and consideration

FOR WALL:
GLAZED, HCB, CONCRETE,
TIMBER/WOOD/, MDF,
STONE.
22
LITRATURE REVIEW
Textile on duffel
100% textile wall coverings should consist of a surface fabric bonded to thick
viscose felt, providing both soundproofing and thermal insulation, with an
impervious layer to prevent filtration. The material should be of class A.
Pressed earthenware wall-tiling
Highest quality enameled ceramic earthenware tiles should be used to cover

interior walls that are not exposed to frost.
These tiles must comply with standard NBN B27-106 and the supplier must
provide the results of tests carried out on the tiles.
Tile dimensions: 300 x 300 mm / 200 x 200 mm
ALARM SYSTEM:
Alarms are similar to notices, but their appearance on the screen must differ:
(underlined, flashing, etc.) and they must be accompanied by an audio signal.
Alerts are always linked to the following changes in digital or analog variables:
– whenever any safety or fault signal is received is transmitted to a local

processing unit (e.g. messages regarding burner safety, rate control, overheat
protection of power units, water-level monitors, etc.).
– whenever the actual operational status of an element (e.g. burner, pump, etc.)
does not correspond to the status prescribed by a local processing unit, insofar as
the unit possesses information about this actual status (in other words, an
independent measuring point must be added to the control point to identify the
actual status).
23
LITRATURE REVIEW
ELECTRICITY MINIMUM
– offices and similar rooms: 30 W/m²
– conference room: 25 W/m²
– entrance hall: 25 W/m²
– interpreter’s booth: 25 W/m²
– cafeteria: 5 W/m²
– restaurants: 5 W/m²
– lobbies: 5 W/m²
– toilets and cloakrooms: 5 W/m²
TOILT
Number of toilets and urinals
– 1 toilet for every 25 men;
– 1 urinal for every 15 men;
– 1 toilet for every 15 women;
The internal dimensions of the toilets for persons of reduced mobility must be
equal to or exceed the following values:
– length > 1.80 m
– width > 1.80 m
The relative positions of the washbasin and toilet seat must allow easy
movement of a wheelchair through 360° and easy positioning of the
24
LITRATURE REVIEW
wheelchair in front of the wash basin or next to the toilet seat.
Firefighter lift
Function Lift installed for normal use but which contains controls enabling
firefighters to override its normal operating mode and control it directly themselves
to fight a fire or evacuate building occupants. In this mode, this lift cannot be used
by other users and is reserved exclusively for professional firefighters.
The dimensions of the firefighter lift must be fully compliant with the relevant
regulations. It can be used for evacuation, must be spacious enough to allow a
stretcher to enter horizontally, be capable of carrying a minimum nominal load of 1
000 kg and be at least 1.100 mm wide and 2.100 mm deep. The speed must be set
so that a complete trip is no longer than 60 seconds and clearance must be at least
900 mm.
25
LITRATURE REVIEW
ESCALATORS
Escalators must comply with the standards and regulations in force, including:
– EN 115,
– the machinery directives.
Rigid construction of commercial steel sections, to be assembled according to the

manufacturer’s instructions. As regards statics, EN 115 requires the truss to be
designed to support a working load of 5 000 N/m² on the visible surface area of the
steps. Truss deflection when bearing its working load must not exceed 1/1 000 of
the distance between supports. The whole length and width of the truss underside
must be covered with sheet steel at least 3 mm thick, sealed by welding to make it
oil-tight.
The truss extremities must rest on rubber supports to prevent noise being transmitted
to the building. The angle of inclination of each escalator must be 30°. Escalators
must be given an anti-corrosion treatment (zinc chromate, hot-dip galvanization,
etc.)
AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND EXTINGUISHING
Only stand-alone systems may be installed in computer rooms.
The detectors concealed in the false ceiling or false floor must activate response
indicators on a board with LED-type zone indicators. The board must be next to the
fire control panel or on the panel if there are six or fewer detectors to report. A
manual control is to be provided at each entrance door (timed electric manual
control). A non-timed emergency mechanical control, directly linked to the
extinguishers, is to be provided outside each entrance door if the extinguishers are
26
LITRATURE REVIEW
located inside the room. This control is to be installed directly on the pilot
extinguisher of the group if the group is located outside the room. There must be a
control chain: level-1 alert, level-2 alert, turning off the gas, general default,
automatic/manual override, closing the fire dampers, switching off the air
conditioning.
SIGNS. EMERGENCY LIGHTING
27
LITRATURE REVIEW
Safety signs in a building are intended to inform the occupants of risks and of
hazards to health or safety.
– meeting rooms, on doors,
– cafeterias, on doors and on double-sided signs hung from above,
– lifts, in corridors and on double-sided signs hung above the entrance,
– registries and archives, on doors,
– technical areas, on doors,
– firefighter lift, at the evacuation level and in the lift,
– lift for persons of reduced mobility, at the evacuation level and in the lift,
– lift numbering at the evacuation level, on the landings and in the lift cars,
– pictograms indicating directions to these areas may be needed to guide staff

and/or visitors. e. t. c.
28
LITRATURE REVIEW
Recommendation
In my view: the standard which is listed the above is more favorable than the accustomed
materials. From the point of sustainability that means environmental sustainability, comfort of
occupants ,health and safety of buildings, and also function the above material and standard is
more better .
REFERENCE:-
MIT buildings standard book,
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html#State,
http://www.afcee.brooks.af.mil/ldg/s14ParkingAreas/c02DesignConsiderations.html
reference
29

Name:: Wolaita Sodo University

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Name:: Wolaita Sodo University

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY

PARLIAMENT BUILDING LITRATURE REVIEW

NAME: YIHUN GEREMEW

– special furniture (tables and chairs for meetings, boards etc.),

– sound amplification facilities, – audiovisual facilities,

FOYERS AND STAIRWAYS

Foyers must be equipped with:

– a reception desk with two workstations (or more if necessary),

– a room, niche or fixed cabinet housing the central fire-alarm unit,

– allow organized parking of passenger vehicles and two-wheel vehicles,

– facilitate official operations requiring transport vehicles.

– transport of documents (mail shuttle),

– transport of office materials (paper, publications, etc.),

– transport of refuse (bins and kitchen waste),

Some common parking area planning and design guidelines are:

● Minimize parking area entrance and exit curb cuts

● Eliminate dead-end parking areas

● Locate entrances and exits away from busy intersections

● Use rectangular parking areas to minimize land area requirement.

Grading and drainage

Parking design minimum consideration

● Longitudinal pavement slope should be between 1%-5%

● Pavement cross slope should be between 1%-10%

● Permit only parallel parking

PARKING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS parking configuration is the most efficient and

Two rows plus aisle width 16.5 meters

Vehicles per 100 linear meter double row 65.6 meter

CAFETERIA AND RESTAURANT

Area (for 100 seats)

– dining room 200 m²

The following minimum ceiling heights are considered ideal

– office areas: h = 2.6 m.

– horizontal circulation: h = 2.4 m

– ground floor: h = 3.5 m

– basement floors: h = 2.2 m

– maneuvering areas in indoor car parks: h = 4.0 m.

– air-conditioning and electrical installations

, – a sound amplification system,

– special furniture, which should be fixed and/or have built-in equipment.

In meeting rooms/conference chambers, particular attention must be given to the solution of

– The table may be of fixed size or be composed of interlinked conference desks.

– The central area must be accessible.

– Equipment to be built into the table:

• a push-to-talk button with indicator light,

• a volume control for the headphones,

• a set of high-quality headphones,

• a 230V socket. • an RJ45 socket (IT network or telephone),

• an HD15 socket (for laptop)

Glazed wall system on buildings

– use of native plants in landscape design

– protection of natural resources, soil and water

– economical land use

– reduction in the use of impermeable surfaces

– minimizing emission levels

– planning of offices using natural light

– inclusion of green spaces

This approach involves taking all the steps needed to:

– achieve energy efficiency and use renewable energy sources

– take account of direct and indirect environmental impact

– conserve and recycle resources

– allow materials and equipment to be reused

– achieve high environmental quality both inside and outside

– use environmentally-friendly materials and components wherever possible