PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

Prepared by: Irish Verone Polidario

What is CITIZENSHIP

Citizenship is a membership in a political

community which is personal and more or
less permanent in character.
Section 1, Article IV of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution identified the citizens of the
Philippines as:

1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the

time of the adoption of this Constitution;

2. Those whose fathers and mothers are citizens of

the Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino
mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon
reaching the age of majority which is 21 years old;
and

4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

 Natural-born citizens are those who are
citizens of the Philippines from birth without
having to perform any act to acquire or
perfect their citizenship (Sec. 2, Article IV)
 By birth
 By naturalization

What is NATURALIZATION?
It is a legal process which those persons who are formerly citizens
of other countries has applied for naturalization in accordance with
law in a certain state in order to become a citizen of that country.
 There are 2 general principles applicable to this mode.
They are:

1. JUS SANGUINIS- literally means “law of blood”.

2. JUS SOLI- literally means “law of the soil”.

(place of birth)
Natural-Born Citizen
Naturalized Citizen
 A natural-born citizen is one who is already a citizen
of the state at the time of birth. He does not perform an
act to acquire or perfect his citizenship.

 A naturalized citizen is one who is a citizen of one

country and who through an intervening act which is
naturalization, becomes a citizen of another country.
Loss and Reacquisition of
Philippine Citizenship
 (Sec. 3, Article IV of the Philippine Constitution)

a. Expatriation- an act when a citizen gives up or loses his

citizenship.

a. Repatriation- an act of reacquiring or returning to one’s original

citizenship (Nebres, 2007)