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Lecture 16-17 - Opioids Analgesics
Lecture 16-17 - Opioids Analgesics
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Analgesics
II.Opioids (narcotic)
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Analgesics
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Opioids
Opioids are natural or synthetic compounds that
produce morphine-like effects. The term opiates is
reserved for drugs, such as morphine and codeine,
obtained from the juice of the opium poppy.
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Endogenous opioid peptides
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Opiate Receptors
Opioids interact with protein receptors
on the membranes of certain cells in
the CNS, on nerve terminals in the
periphery, and gastrointestinal tract
(GIT).
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Opioid Classification
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Pharmacological actions of
Opioids
• Desirable:
– Analgesia
– Cough suppression
• Undesirable:
– Euphoria
– ↓ Respiration
– Sedation
– Immunosuppression
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Pharmacological actions of
Opioids
• Respiratory depression
– Inhibition of the respiratory center
• Antitussive actions
– Suppression of the cough reflex
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Pharmacological actions of
Opioids
• Nausea and vomiting
– Activation of chemoreceptor trigger zone
• Miosis
– Causes pupillary constriction, Except meperidine.
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Opioid Therapeutic Uses
a) Analgesia
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Opioid Toxicity
Overdose
1. Miosis
3. Respiratory depression
– Treatment:
• IV administration of naloxone
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Physical Dependency
• Physical dependence refers to a state in which
withdrawal of the drug causes adverse physiological
effects
Tolerance
• With frequently repeated therapeutic doses of opioids there is a
gradual loss in effectiveness; this loss of effectiveness is
denoted tolerance.
Therapeutic uses:
Is used to reverse the coma and respiratory depression of opioid
overdose.