H ow Might We Combat

Bullying in Schools?
Don’t think outside the box, think like there is no box.
The Design Process
Meet the Problem
Empathize
Develop an understanding of bullying by learning from the perspective of those affected by
bullying.

What does it mean to Empathize?

Identify your audience. Who are all the people affected by bullying? What are their needs?

How can you look at bullying from the perspective of those affected by bullying? To develop
empathy, you must get out into the world where bullying exists and find out what is going on, who
is affected, and how they are affected.

Your goal is to discover the user’s experiences, deep feelings, emotions, and stories about the
situation/problem you are investigating.

Observe, Question, Listen. Take good notes.

Empathize
A great design challenge starts with an Use the following link to help you with you
evocative and meaningful empathy experience. interviewing skills.

Choose 3 people to interview about their ● Design Kit Inspiration Methods

experiences with bullying in the following roles: ○ Conversation Starters, 5 Whys, etc.

● Bully
● Bystander
● Victim
Empathize
Stanford School of Design’s Story Share-And-Capture
Steps:
● In go-around fashion, each team member shares insights from their interview.
● As one team member shares, other team members create notes to write
quotes, surprises and interesting headlines on sticky notes – one idea per
note.
● As a team, organize the notes so you can begin to draw conclusions about the
needs of your users.
Define: Narrow the Issues
It is time to narrow your problem.
Consensus-Building Rules
With your team discuss all of the needs/issues
● Express your true opinions.
● Listen respectfully to the opinions
identified for your user.
of others.
● What issue rises to the top as the most
● Speak respectfully to others.
● Be willing to reconsider your
important?
opinion. ● What commonalities or patterns do you
● Reach a decision everyone can see in the issues presented?
agree to live with. ● Which issue is solvable?
● Which issue can you address in the time
frame you have?

Use the rules of consensus to determine which

issue your team will focus on.
Define: Write a Problem Statement
Define the challenge by writing a Problem Statement. The Problem Statement
should be tightly focused, rather than broad and overarching. It should include the
findings from sharing empathy with users and establish the focus of the design
work. The Problem Statement usually includes the user(s), the need - the issue
you have chosen to focus on and the insight gained about the user(s).
If you need help, this chart can help you.

Your Problem Statement should look like this:

(User)... needs a way to…(user’s need) because... (an insight
gained during empathy phase).
Identify Information Needed
Brainstorm: What do you know about this issue?
● Choose a recorder.
● On your team’s KWL chart, list everything your team already knows about this
issue on the K column.
● Review and refine your list.

Brainstorm: What do you need to know about this issue?

What questions must be answered to help you solve this problem?
● List all of the questions necessary to answer in order for you to address this
problem on the W column.
● Review and refine your list.
Gather Information
Determine the Best Way to Answer Questions

Use the following document to help you research your questions:

● Research Notes Scaffold

Resources
● www.bullying.gov
● www.kidshealth.org
● www.apa.org
● www.cdc.gov
Share Information
Share Findings with Team Members
● Share what you learned with your team members.
● What information is relevant to solving the problem?
● Where do you need more information? Reassign any questions that you feel
need more research.
● Use your virtual or physical space to record key information.
● As a group, decide on which tool you want to use to record your
information:
○ Note-taking Tools
○ Citation tools
○ Wunderlist
○ Google Keep
Ideate: Brainstorm Design Solutions
Brainstorm as Many Possible Designs As You Can
● Choose a recorder.
● Consider what you have learned. List as many solutions to this problem as
you can think of.
● Alternatively sketch 3-5 ways to radically solve the problem.
● Stretch your imagination! Your ideas don’t have to be perfect (even good) -
get yourself thinking about a variety of solutions.

Brainstorming Rules
● Create as many statements as possible.
● Write down every statement word-for-word as it is stated.
● Do not stop to discuss or evaluate any statements.
 Ideate: Choose One Best Solution
Analyze Most Promising Solutions Sample
● Reach consensus with your team to choose 2 -
4 of the most promising solutions.
● Analyze the solutions by using a mind map (see
sample to the right)
○ Pros - Positive consequences - How does
this solution best address the problem?
How does it fit within identified constraints?
How does it meet the needs of your users?
○ Cons - Negative consequences - What are
the shortfalls of this solution? What
Choose one of the following tools
constraints does it not meet? What users to help you create a mind map:
might be negatively affected? ● Mind Mup
○ How well are you meeting your indicators ● Popplet
for success?
Ideate: Choose One Best Solution
Reach Consensus
● Use your analysis to choose your best solution.
● Having a difficult time reaching consensus about your solution? Try adding
numerical values to your pros and cons using one of these Decision-Making
Tools.
● Do you need more research at this stage to help you determine pros and cons
about specific solutions?
● If possible revisit with your users. What input do they have about your
potential solutions?
Prototype
● Start with more drawings of your solution.
● Build physical models or prototypes of your solutions.
○ This might be something that represents a process you are designing.
○ You might create videos or take photos or draw pictures of users
engaging in the process.
○ Or it might be an object you are designing to help solve the problem.
○ Models should be inexpensive representations of an actual product.
● Test your models, change them, learn from them.

If you need help:

● Do not spend too much time on a single prototype.
● Keep your users in mind when building the prototypes.
● What makes each prototype different? What particular question does each answer?
Test Your Prototype
● Decide upon a design.
● Have others use your model or process and give you feedback.
● Make adjustments.
● Try again.
● Don’t worry if you don’t get it right the first time!

An important part of the design process is to test a prototype and then revise,
adjust and make improvements. Make sure to make time for this step in your
design model!
Present Your Design (Test)
● Create your presentation. Choose from one of these Presentation Tools
and/or Video Tools if desired.
● How does your solution:
○ Provide for the needs of your users?
○ Address the problem?
○ Meet the identified factors for success?
○ Meet the problem constraints?
● No solution is perfect. There are always pros and cons. Persuade us that
your design is the best idea available.
● Each person on your team should participate in the presentation.
● Use this link for the rubric:
<a href='https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=E224AWX&sp=yes'>rubric: Group_PowerPoint_Presentation_Rubric</a>
Present Your Design (Test)
● Submit your link to your presentation here:
●
● Use the Six Thinking Hats to get feedback from your peers.
● Six Thinking Hats
● Your presentation should really persuade us that your design is a great one
that is worthy of support while being honest about its pros and cons.
● What can you learn from Shark Tank presenters?
○ 5 Presentation Tips from Shark Tank
Reflection
What did you learn?

On your KWL chart, go back to the L section. Here, reflect on what you have
learned. At the bottom of your KWL chart, reflect upon the following questions:

● What did you learn from watching your classmates’ presentations?

● What things might you do differently if you had a chance to start again?
● What worked with your team’s designs? What did not work?
● What did you learn about solving problems that you might use to help solve a
problem in the future?
● What did you learn about working with others on a team?