Please switch off your

mobile phone

BIO282 Lecture No 1 2018

INTRODUCTION
1
 Ravi Prakash Tiwari Office- 240.3.015
Phone- 2202
email- BIO282@murdoch.edu.au
You are welcome to see me
-anytime (if it is a short question, up to ~5 minutes)
-arrange a time by email/phone (for longer discussions)

• born in India
• MSc and PhD in Biochemistry

• worked at the Centre for Gene technology (Adelaide University)

1987-1990 Bacteriophage gene regulation.

• joined Murdoch University in 1990

Teaching Genetic Engineering, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Research Genetics of stress tolerance in bacteria.
Supervise ISC, Honours and PhD students

• Hobbies- playing badminton, watching footy and cricket.

2
 Where is our mind?
What is it thinking?

Mindfulness

Jon Kabat Zinn defines mindfulness as:

“Paying attention; On purpose, in the present moment,
and non-judgmentally.”

Dr. Ron Siegel: "The Science of Mindfulness" | Talks at Google

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPlG_w40qOE

(3) 3
Contact details

Unit Coordinator Co-coordinator

Name: Ravi Tiwari Name: Wayne Reeve

BIO282@murdoch.edu.au BIO282@murdoch.edu.au
Phone: + 61 8 9360 2202 Phone: +61 8 9360 2631
Room BS 3.015 Room: BS3.026

Administrative contact details

If the unit coordinator is

unavailable, please contact:

Ms Emma Thorp
Academic Support Officer
+ 61 8 9360 2939
E.Thorp@murdoch.edu.au

4
Resources for this unit

Recommended textbook
Pierce, B. A. 2017. Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, 6th Edition
W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
This book is available from the bookshop
Lab Manual: available from the bookshop

Other references/recommended reading

There are a number of additional textbooks available in the library. A list of
these can be found on the LMS site.

Online Resources
Your Online Unit can be accessed from your MyUnits page. Information
provided on the site includes:
 UILG
 Lecture Recordings
 Prelab slides; Gel figures from lab experiments for your reports
 Sample exam questions for the ISE & EoSE
 Marks for your assignments and exams
5
 Timetable
The times and venues for lectures, labs and workshops :

DAY AND TIME VENUE

Lectures Monday 12.30-1.20 pm 351.1.001 (KBLT)

Tuesday 5.00-5.50 pm 460.3.032 (ECL2)
Wednesday 5.30-6.20 pm 245.2.035 (RLT)
Labs In weeks 2, 3, 4, 9 and 10 ONLY
Starts at 1.30 with a prelab 351.1.001 (KBLT)
followed by laboratory work in LB labs 235.3.001/3.002/4.002 &
240.2.049
Workshops WS1 (3hr) Thursday of wk 6 at 3.30 pm/ 235.3.032/3.034
wk 7 at 4.30 pm/ wk8 at 4.30 pm
WS2 (2hr) Wk12 Thursday 4.30 pm/
Friday 8.30 am/ Friday 4.30 pm
No prelab; go straight to the venue
(check on LMS for your workshop session)
6
You will be assessed on the basis of:
Assessment items.
COMPONENT MARKS
AVAILABLE
1.Laboratory
Report Expt 1 10
Report Expt 2 10
In-lab Questions Expt 1 5
In-lab Questions Expt 2 5
Bioinformatics 5
Subtotal Laboratory Component 35
2. Exam
Intra-semester Exam (ISE) 20
End of Semester Exam (EoSE) 45
Subtotal Exam Component 65
TOTAL MARKS 100

7
Intra-semester Exam

This exam will be held on Thursday, week 7, 2-3 pm in KBLT.

It will cover the lecture and lab material from Week1-6.

This will be a closed book exam. Type of questions and

format of exam paper will be available on LMS

8
End of Semester Exam
 This will be a two hour closed book examination.
The time and venue are determined by central administration. It is
your responsibility to find out when and where your exam is to be
held and to present yourself at the correct time and place.

 The examination will cover all of the lecture material from lecture 1 to
34 and the laboratory material.

 Revision questions for this exam will be available on LMS.

 There is also a file on LMS (EoSE Description) that describes the

layout of the exam paper and the different types of questions.

9
The Exam Paper
The exam paper will consist of two sections.

Section 1: Short answer questions. These must be answered on the

question paper. There are 10 questions each is worth 4 marks. Answer all
questions.

Section 2: Longer answer questions. These are specific questions. We

expect answers of approx. 2/3 of a page for each question. Answer four of
the six questions. Each question is worth 20 marks.

The exam paper is initially marked out of 120 marks or a mark a minute.
The number of marks is an indicator as to how long you should spend on a
question. The mark out of 120 is then converted to a mark out of 45 to get
your final mark for the EoSE.

10
Submission of Laboratory Reports.

• Reports must be submitted electronically in doc or docx file formats.

• Your reports automatically get scanned by URKUND (a plagiarism

detection software)

• To construct your reports use the report templates available on the LMS
site. There is a different template for each of the two experiments.
Further information on the format of the report is given in the Lab Manual.

11
 Summary of contents
Molecular
Techniques Evolution
(27-32)
(L4-9)

GENOME Replication
(L1-3) (L24-26)

Gene Synthesis of
expression biomolecules Communication
(L22-23)
(L10-20)

12
 Lab component

Biosecurity Industrial Research

Food authentication Medical Gene Function
Forensics Agricultural Gene Transfer
Pathogen detection Environmental
applications

DNA cloning
GENE TECHNOLOGY Genome Sequencing

• Gene search
• BLAST Experiment 1
• Primer design GENE
• Protein functions
• Taxonomy IDENTIFICATION
• Sequence alignment
• Phylogenetic tree

DNA
Experiment 2 13
(14) 14
 Cell structure
Bio-macromolecules
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Nucleic acids
• Proteins

Anything you see in any living organism is either a protein or something

made by proteins

Proteins mRNA DNA 15

DNA is the genetic material
Results of a series of experiments showed that DNA is the genetic
material.
A. Discovery of transformation
Griffith’s experiment (1928)
 Only the S strain of
Streptococcus pneumoniae is
lethal in mice.
 Heat killed S strain is not
virulent.
 Heat killed S strain when
mixed with the live R strain
showed virulence.
Something in the dead S strain
converts R into S strain.
This process of conversion from
R strain to S strain was called
transformation.

What is the transforming agent?

See chapter 10 16
B. Identification of the transforming agent
1. Work of Avery and co-workers (1944)
Identification, from dead cells of S strain, of the component(s)
that causes transformation.
They destroyed
Polysaccharides
Lipids
macromolecules
RNA one by one and
Protein tested the ability of
DNA transformation.

This experiment
showed that DNA
is the transforming
agent and hence the
genetic material.

17
Revision questions

In his experiments, Griffith injected R and S cells of Streptococcus

pneumoniae in mice, only the S cells were lethal. But the R cells when
mixed with dead S cells also became lethal.
A) What did his experiment show?
B) What was the next step taken experimentally that showed that DNA
was the hereditary material?

What happens to mice injected with a mixture of living R cells from Avery's
experiment that have been exposed to heat-killed S cells and also
(a) incubated in protease?
(b) incubated in nuclease?

18
Two phenotypes (virulent and non-virulent) of an exotic virus-like life-form were
collected on Mars. The Martian virus was composed of the biomolecules called
Froteen, Deeanay, and Kharb. An experiment was carried out to determine which
component was the genetic material of this life-form. The poodle, labrador, and staffy
were separated for each variant and mixed together in three different combinations
to form infective viral-like particles. The phenotypes of these particles' progeny were
determined. The experiment is diagrammed below.

Phenotype Froteen Deeanay Kharb

Virulent F-1 D-1 K-1
Non-virulent F-2 D-2 K-2

Mixtures Progeny virus

F-1 + D-2 + K-2; All Non-virulent
F-2 + D-1 + K-2; All Non-virulent
F-2 + D-2 + K-1 All Virulent

What is the genetic material of the Martian virus? Give a reason for your answer.

19