PREFACE

In this article we discuss about the Electric

vehicle
*History of electric vehicle
*What is electric vehicle
*Main difference between EV & IC engine
*IC engine
*EV engine
*Components of EV
*How EV works
*Pros over IC engine
*Cons over IC engine

Hope you,This article is useful to you..

“This article was prepared by Azizur Rahman and dedicated to all

Automobile Engineers”
HISTORY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE

The birth of the electric vehicle

It’s hard to pinpoint the invention of the electric car to one
inventor or country. Instead it was a series of breakthroughs --
from the battery to the electric motor -- in the 1800s that led to the
first electric vehicle on the road.

In the early part of the century, innovators in Hungary, the

Netherlands and the United States -- including a blacksmith from
Vermont -- began toying with the concept of a battery-powered
vehicle and created some of the first small-scale electric cars. And
while Robert Anderson, a British inventor, developed the first crude
electric carriage around this same time, it wasn’t until the second
half of the 19th century that French and English inventors built
some of the first practical electric cars.

Here in the U.S., the first successful electric car made its debut
around 1890 thanks to William Morrison, a chemist who lived in Des
Moines, Iowa. His six-passenger vehicle capable of a top speed of
14 miles per hour was little more than an electrified wagon, but it
helped spark interest in electric vehicles.

Over the next few years, electric vehicles from different automakers
began popping up across the U.S. New York City even had a fleet of
more than 60 electric taxis. By 1900, electric cars were at their
heyday, accounting for around a third of all vehicles on the road.
During the next 10 years, they continued to show strong sales.
The early rise and fall of the electric car
To understand the popularity of electric vehicles circa 1900, it
is also important to understand the development of the personal
vehicle and the other options available. At the turn of the 20th
century, the horse was still the primary mode of transportation. But
as Americans became more prosperous, they turned to the newly
invented motor vehicle -- available in steam, gasoline or electric
versions -- to get around.

Steam was a tried and true energy source, having proved reliable
for powering factories and trains. Some of the first self-propelled
vehicles in the late 1700s relied on steam; yet it took until the
1870s for the technology to take hold in cars. Part of this is because
steam wasn’t very practical for personal vehicles. Steam vehicles
required long startup times -- sometimes up to 45 minutes in the
cold -- and would need to be refilled with water, limiting their range.

As electric vehicles came onto the market, so did a new type of

vehicle -- the gasoline-powered car -- thanks to improvements to
the internal combustion engine in the 1800s. While gasoline cars
had promise, they weren’t without their faults. They required a lot
of manual effort to drive -- changing gears was no easy task and
they needed to be started with a hand crank, making them difficult
for some to operate. They were also noisy, and their exhaust was
unpleasant.

Electric cars didn’t have any of the issues associated with steam or
gasoline. They were quiet, easy to drive and didn’t emit a smelly
pollutant like the other cars of the time. Electric cars quickly
became popular with urban residents -- especially women. They
were perfect for short trips around the city, and poor road
conditions outside cities meant few cars of any type could venture
farther. As more people gained access to electricity in the 1910s, it
became easier to charge electric cars, adding to their popularity
with all walks of life (including some of the “best known and
prominent makers of gasoline cars” as a 1911 New York Times
article pointed out).
Many innovators at the time took note of the electric vehicle’s high
demand, exploring ways to improve the technology. For example,
Ferdinand Porsche, founder of the sports car company by the same
name, developed an electric car called the P1 in 1898. Around the
same time, he created the world’s first hybrid electric car -- a
vehicle that is powered by electricity and a gas engine. Thomas
Edison, one of the world’s most prolific inventors, thought electric
vehicles were the superior technology and worked to build a better
electric vehicle battery. Even Henry Ford, who was friends with
Edison, partnered with Edison to explore options for a low-cost
electric car in 1914, according to Wired.

Yet, it was Henry Ford’s mass-produced Model T that dealt a blow to

the electric car. Introduced in 1908, the Model T made gasoline-
powered cars widely available and affordable. By 1912, the gasoline
car cost only $650, while an electric roadster sold for $1,750. That
same year, Charles Kettering introduced the electric starter,
eliminating the need for the hand crank and giving rise to more
gasoline-powered vehicle sales.

Other developments also contributed to the decline of the electric

vehicle. By the 1920s, the U.S. had a better system of roads
connecting cities, and Americans wanted to get out and explore.
With the discovery of Texas crude oil, gas became cheap and readily
available for rural Americans, and filling stations began popping up
across the country. In comparison, very few Americans outside of
cities had electricity at that time. In the end, electric vehicles all but
disappeared by 1935.

Gas shortages spark interest in electric vehicles

Over the next 30 years or so, electric vehicles entered a sort of
dark ages with little advancement in technology. Cheap, abundant
gasoline and continued improvement in the internal combustion
engine hampered demand for alternative fuel vehicles.

Fast forward to the late 1960s and early 1970s. Soaring oil prices
and gasoline shortages -- peaking with the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo
-- created a growing interest in lowering the U.S.’s dependence on
foreign oil and finding homegrown sources of fuel. Congress took
note and passed the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research,
Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976, authorizing the
Energy Department to support research and development in electric
and hybrid vehicles.

Around this same time, many big and small automakers began
exploring options for alternative fuel vehicles, including electric cars.
For example, General Motors developed a prototype for an urban
electric car that it displayed at the Environmental Protection
Agency’s First Symposium on Low Pollution Power Systems
Development in 1973, and the American Motor Company produced
electric delivery jeeps that the United States Postal Service used in
a 1975 test program. Even NASA helped raise the profile of the
electric vehicle when its electric Lunar rover became the first
manned vehicle to drive on the moon in 1971.

Yet, the vehicles developed and produced in the 1970s still suffered
from drawbacks compared to gasoline-powered cars. Electric
vehicles during this time had limited performance -- usually topping
at speeds of 45 miles per hour -- and their typical range was limited
to 40 miles before needing to be recharged.

Environmental concern drives electric vehicles

forward
Fast forward again -- this time to the 1990s. In the 20 years
since the long gas lines of the 1970s, interest in electric vehicles
had mostly died down. But new federal and state regulations begin
to change things. The passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act
Amendment and the 1992 Energy Policy Act -- plus new
transportation emissions regulations issued by the California Air
Resources Board -- helped create a renewed interest in electric
vehicles in the U.S.

During this time, automakers began modifying some of their

popular vehicle models into electric vehicles. This meant that
electric vehicles now achieved speeds and performance much closer
to gasoline-powered vehicles, and many of them had a range of 60
miles.
One of the most well-known electric cars during this time was GM’s
EV1, a car that was heavily featured in the 2006 documentary Who
Killed the Electric Car? Instead of modifying an existing vehicle, GM
designed and developed the EV1 from the ground up. With a range
of 80 miles and the ability to accelerate from 0 to 50 miles per hour
in just seven seconds, the EV1 quickly gained a cult following. But
because of high production costs, the EV1 was never commercially
viable, and GM discontinued it in 2001.

With a booming economy, a growing middle class and low gas prices
in the late 1990s, many consumers didn’t worry about fuel-efficient
vehicles. Even though there wasn’t much public attention to electric
vehicles at this time, behind the scenes, scientists and engineers --
supported by the Energy Department -- were working to improve
electric vehicle technology, including batteries.

A new beginning for electric cars

While all the starts and stops of the electric vehicle industry in
the second half of the 20th century helped show the world the
promise of the technology, the true revival of the electric vehicle
didn’t happen until around the start of the 21st century. Depending
on whom you ask, it was one of two events that sparked the
interest we see today in electric vehicles.

The first turning point many have suggested was the introduction of
the Toyota Prius. Released in Japan in 1997, the Prius became the
world’s first mass-produced hybrid electric vehicle. In 2000, the
Prius was released worldwide, and it became an instant success with
celebrities, helping to raise the profile of the car. To make the Prius
a reality, Toyota used a nickel metal hydride battery -- a technology
that was supported by the Energy Department’s research. Since
then, rising gasoline prices and growing concern about carbon
pollution have helped make the Prius the best-selling hybrid
worldwide during the past decade.

(Historical footnote: Before the Prius could be introduced in the

U.S., Honda released the Insight hybrid in 1999, making it the first
hybrid sold in the U.S. since the early 1900s.)
The other event that helped reshape electric vehicles was the
announcement in 2006 that a small Silicon Valley startup, Tesla
Motors, would start producing a luxury electric sports car that could
go more than 200 miles on a single charge. In 2010, Tesla received
at $465 million loan from the Department of Energy’s Loan
Programs Office -- a loan that Tesla repaid a full nine years early --
to establish a manufacturing facility in California. In the short time
since then, Tesla has won wide acclaim for its cars and has become
the largest auto industry employer in California.

Tesla’s announcement and subsequent success spurred many big

automakers to accelerate work on their own electric vehicles. In late
2010, the Chevy Volt and the Nissan LEAF were released in the U.S.
market. The first commercially available plug-in hybrid, the Volt has
a gasoline engine that supplements its electric drive once the
battery is depleted, allowing consumers to drive on electric for most
trips and gasoline to extend the vehicle’s range. In comparison, the
LEAF is an all-electric vehicle (often called a battery-electric vehicle,
an electric vehicle or just an EV for short), meaning it is only
powered by an electric motor.

Over the next few years, other automakers began rolling out electric
vehicles in the U.S.; yet, consumers were still faced with one of the
early problems of the electric vehicle -- where to charge their
vehicles on the go. Through the Recovery Act, the Energy
Department invested more than $115 million to help build a nation-
wide charging infrastructure, installing more than 18,000
residential, commercial and public chargers across the country.
Automakers and other private businesses also installed their own
chargers at key locations in the U.S., bringing today’s total of public
electric vehicle chargers to more than 8,000 different locations with
more than 20,000 charging outlets.

At the same time, new battery technology -- supported by the

Energy Department’s Vehicle Technologies Office -- began hitting
the market, helping to improve a plug-in electric vehicle’s range. In
addition to the battery technology in nearly all of the first
generation hybrids, the Department’s research also helped develop
the lithium-ion battery technology used in the Volt. More recently,
the Department’s investment in battery research and development
has helped cut electric vehicle battery costs by 50 percent in the
last four years, while simultaneously improving the vehicle
batteries' performance (meaning their power, energy and
durability). This in turn has helped lower the costs of electric
vehicles, making them more affordable for consumers.

Consumers now have more choices than ever when it comes to

buying an electric vehicle. Today, there are 23 plug-in electric and
36 hybrid models available in a variety of sizes -- from the two-
passenger Smart ED to the midsized Ford C-Max Energi to the BMW
i3 luxury SUV. As gasoline prices continue to rise and the prices on
electric vehicles continue to drop, electric vehicles are gaining in
popularity -- with more than 234,000 plug-in electric vehicles and
3.3 million hybrids on the road in the U.S. today.

The future of electric cars

It’s hard to tell where the future will take electric vehicles, but
it’s clear they hold a lot of potential for creating a more sustainable
future. If we transitioned all the light-duty vehicles in the U.S. to
hybrids or plug-in electric vehicles using our current technology
mix, we could reduce our dependence on foreign oil by 30-60
percent, while lowering the carbon pollution from the transportation
sector by as much as 20 percent.

To help reach these emissions savings, in 2012 President Obama

launched the EV Everywhere Grand Challenge -- an Energy
Department initiative that brings together America’s best and
brightest scientists, engineers and businesses to make plug-in
electric vehicles more as affordable as today’s gasoline-powered
vehicles by 2022. On the battery front, the Department’s Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research at Argonne National Laboratory
is working to overcome the biggest scientific and technical barriers
that prevent large-scale improvements of batteries.

And the Department’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy

(ARPA-E) is advancing game-changing technologies that could alter
how we think of electric vehicles. From investing in new types of
batteries that could go further on a single charge to cost-effective
alternatives to materials critical to electric motors, ARPA-E’s
projects could transform electric vehicles.

In the end, only time will tell what road electric vehicles will take in
the future.

WHAT IS ELECTRIC VEHICLE

An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor,
instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix
of fuel and gases. Therefore, such a vehicle is seen as a possible replacement
for current-generation automobiles, in order to address the issue of rising
pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept
of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable
amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other
environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.

MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EV & IC

 Internal combustion engines have been ruling the streets for decades now.
They power the majority of cars around the world. People get up in the morning,
head for their cars, hit the ignition, and hope the engine comes to life so that they
won’t be late for work.
But technology is ever-advancing, and with that comes new ground-breaking
ideas that have the potential to be revolutionary. Although electric cars have
been here for more than a decade, it is only now through advancements in
certain technologies that we are witnessing a surge in their production.

Tesla is a renowned car manufacturer that is heavily pushing electric cars.

Nothing in Tesla’s entire lineup smells of gasoline – it is strictly an electric car
manufacturer. Several other car manufacturers including Mercedes, Audi, BMW,
also produce electric vehicles among the overwhelming majority of their carbon-
emitting variants.

But why are electric cars gaining more popularity? To answer that, let us discuss
the fundamental differences between the internal combustion engine and electric
engine in an abstract view.

Internal Combustion Engine

In simplest terms, combustion means burning. It is an exothermic

chemical reaction that involves fuel and oxidants. This principle lies at the
heart of internal combustion engines. Some fuel, some air, and a few
dozen parts working together to control the process.
Heat produced as a result of combustion is used to propel a car from its
stationary position. You can now understand why the process of starting
the engine is called “ignition.”
Electric Engine

When compared to internal combustion engines, electric engines

have no moving parts. In fact, it only has a couple of essential parts.

The concept of an electric engine revolves around magnetism. The engine

draws power from the battery, creating a magnetic force that propels the
car forward. The three primary components of an electric car are the
electric motor, controller, and battery.

Lithium-ion is the most common battery used in electric vehicles .

Differences That Set Electric Vehicles Apart

Electric cars are much faster than their combustion counterparts. This
is because electric cars can produce high torque from the get-go, whereas
combustion engines reach that torque after gaining speed. It gives electric
cars the edge in launch speed and helps reach 0 to 60 in shorter times.
The lightweight factor, due to the absence of kilos worth of metal under the
hood, plays a major role.

And because there are no moving parts, the cost of maintenance is much
lower – forget about changing oil – the biggest recurring cost will be the
battery. Universal components such as the windshield and auto glass,
wipers, tires will still need attention.

Electric cars utilize Lithium-ion batteries that need a recharge. Due to the
nature of Lithium-ion technology, its capacity to hold power degrades over
time. Electric car owners can expect fewer miles over time.

However, it has improved a lot. And Tesla is hard at work to create an

alternative to Lithium-ion that will revolutionize even smaller devices like
cell phones and laptops.

Because electric cars do not rely on combustion, there is almost zero

emission from the tail-pipe.

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges looming over mankind.

With ice caps melting at a rapid pace, countries around the world are
experiencing a drastic change in their climates, and wildlife is getting
affected too. In such times, the push for environment-friendly cars is
becoming more important.

Although electric cars on the road are increasing, it is still light-years ahead
of replacing every combustion vehicle on the planet. It is still very much a
first-world luxury.

COMPONENTS IN EV
 As is well known, EVs use the electricity saved in the battery to cycle
the motor and generate the power necessary for driving―this is the biggest
difference to internal combustion vehicles, in which the engine exhausts
fossil fuel to generate that power. As such, EVs have no need for the
engine and transmission, the two of the most crucial components for
internal combustion vehicles. Instead, EVs carry several components for
electric power: the motor, the battery, the on-board charger, and the
Electric Power Control Unit(EPCU). All are essential components to
achieve the conversion of the battery’s electricity into the kinetic force that
drives the EV forward.
Motor :
The motor converts electrical energy into kinetic energy that moves
the wheels. The advantage of using the motor instead of an engine is
numerous: first, the noise and the vibration we typically associate with cars
are minimized. Many passengers riding EVs for the first time are surprised
by just how quiet and comfortable the ride feels. Moreover, the EV
powertrain is smaller than the engine, thus providing lots of additional
space for efficient vehicle design―like expanded cabin space or storage.

The motor is also in part an electric generator―it converts the kinetic

energy generated while in neutral gear(e.g. while the car is going downhill)
into electric energy saved to the battery. The same energy-saving idea
applies when the car is reducing its speed, culminating in the so-called
“regenerative braking system.” Some of the Hyundai Motor Group’s EVs
are equipped with a mechanism that can control the levels of regenerative
braking via paddle shifters on the steering wheel, which not only improves
the fuel economy but also adds an interesting and fun element to driving.

Reducer :
 The reducer is a kind of transmission in that it serves to effectively
convey the motor’s power to the wheel. But it carries the special
name―reducer―for a reason: the motor has a far higher RPM than that of
an internal combustion engine, so whereas transmissions change the
engine RPM to match the driving circumstance, the reducer must always
reduce the RPM to an appropriate level. With the reduced RPM, the EV
powertrain can take advantage of the resulting higher torque.

Battery :
The battery stores electrical energy and is the equivalent of a fuel
tank in an internal combustion engine. The maximum driving distance of an
EV is often determined by the battery capacity―the higher the capacity, the
higher the driving distance. In that light, increasing the capacity may seem
an obvious choice, since high driving distance reduces the annoying need
for frequent stops at charging stations. But the choice actually isn’t so
obvious, because the battery’s size and weight also have large implications
on vehicle performance. The larger and heavier battery takes away from
cabin/storage space and worsens the energy efficiency and fuel economy.
The best way to optimize performance, then, is to maximize the battery’s
energy density―that is, having a small, lightweight battery that stores as
much electric energy as possible.
Thanks to the recent advancements in battery technology, the more recent
EVs boast significant upgrades over older models in terms of battery
density and driving distance. The Kia Soul Booster EV, for example, is
equipped with a 64kWh lithium-ion battery that lasts for the max distance of
386 km(according to Korean certification standards). The battery life also
saw significant improvements: assuming a normal pattern of usage, the
Soul Booster EV’s battery can last through the entire life cycle of the
vehicle. To explain in greater detail, understand first that lithium-ion
batteries on EVs show battery life that varies with the charging pattern. If
the charging pattern is such that the entire battery is exhausted and
recharged to full, the battery can be used for 1,000 charges; if the battery is
used to half(50%) and recharged, 5,000 charges; if one-fifth of the battery
is used(20%) and recharged, 8,000 charges. Meaning, if the Soul Booster
EV is driven for 77 kilometers a day(equivalent to the 20% of the max
driving distance) and recharged every night, the battery can last for 8,000
days(22 years).

Battery Management System(BMS) :

The Battery Management System(BMS) manages the battery’s many
cells so that they can operate as if they are a single entity. The EV’s battery
consists of as little as tens to as many as thousands of tiny-cells, and each
cell needs to be in a similar condition to the others in order to optimize the
battery’s durability and performance.

Most often, the BMS is built into the battery’s body, though sometimes it is
incorporated into the Electric Power Control Unit(EPCU). The BMS mainly
oversees the cell’s charge/discharge status, but when it sees a
malfunctioning cell, it automatically adjusts the power status of the
cell(on/off) through a relay mechanism(the conditional mechanism for
opening/closing other circuits).
Battery Heating System :

In lower temperatures, the battery sees a decrease in both charging

capacity and speed. The battery heater exists to keep the battery within the
ideal temperature range, preventing seasonal performance decreases and
maintaining the max driving distance. The system functions while charging
as well, ensuring the efficiency of the charge.

On-board Charger(OBC) :

The On-board Charger(OBC) is used to convert Alternating

Current(AC) from slow chargers or portable chargers used on home outlets
into Direct Current(DC). This may make the OBC look similar to the
traditional inverter, but they differ crucially in function; the OBC is for
charging, and the inverter is for acceleration/deceleration. Incidentally, the
OBC is not needed in fast-charging, since fast chargers already supply the
electricity in direct current.
Electric Power Control Unit(EPCU) :
The Electric Power Control Unit(EPCU) is an efficient integration of
nearly all devices that control the flow of the electric power in the vehicle. It
consists of the inverter, the Low voltage DC-DC Converter(LDC), and the
Vehicle Control Unit(VCU).

1. Inverter-
The inverter converts the battery’s DC into AC, which then is used to
control the motor speed. The device is responsible for executing
acceleration and deceleration, so it serves a crucial part in maximizing the
EV’s drivability.

2. Low voltage DC-DC Converter-

The LDC converts the high voltage electricity from the EV’s high-
voltage battery into low-voltage(12V) and supplies it to the vehicle’s various
electronic systems. All electronic systems in the EV use electricity at low
voltage, so the high voltage in the battery must be converted first to be
useful for these systems.
3. Vehicle Control Unit-
As the control tower of all electric power control systems in the
vehicle, The VCU is arguably the most important component of the EPCU.
It oversees nearly all the vehicle’s power control mechanisms, including the
motor control, regenerative braking control, A/C load management, and
power supply for the electronic systems.

How does the electric engine work?

Electric cars function by plugging into a charge point and taking
electricity from the grid. They store the electricity in rechargeable batteries
that power an electric motor, which turns the wheels. Electric cars
accelerate faster than vehicles with traditional fuel engines – so they feel
lighter to drive.

How does charging work?

You can charge an electric vehicle by plugging it into a public
charging station or into a home charging unit. There's plenty of charging
stations around the UK to stay fully charged while you're out and about. But
to get the best deal for home charging, it's important to get the right EV
electricity tariff, so you can spend less money charging and save more on
your bill.

What’s their range like?

 How far you can travel on a full charge depends on the vehicle. Each
model has a different range, battery size and efficiency. The perfect electric
car for you will be the one you can use for your normal journeys without
having to stop and charge up halfway through. Explore our EV leasing
options.

What types of electric cars are there?

There are a few different types of electric vehicle (EV). Some run
purely on electricity, these are called pure electric vehicles. And some can
also be run on petrol or diesel, these are called hybrid electric vehicles.
● Plug-in electric - This means the car runs purely on electricity and get
all their power when they're plugged in to charge. They don't need
petrol or diesel to run so don't produce any emissions like traditional
cars.
● Plug-in hybrid - These mainly run on electricity but also have a
traditional fuel engine so you can use petrol or diesel too. If you run
out of charge, the car will switch to using fuel. When it's running on
fuel, these cars will produce emissions but when they're running on
electricity, they won't. Plug-in hybrids can be plugged in to an
electricity source to recharge their battery.
● Hybrid-electric - These run mainly on fuel like petrol or diesel but also
have an electric battery too, which is recharged through regenerative
breaking. These let you switch between using your fuel engine and
using 'EV' mode at the touch of a button. These cars cannot be
plugged in to an electricity source and rely on petrol or diesel for
energy.
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE OVER
NORMAL VEHICLE

Plug-in electric vehicles (also known as electric cars or EVs) are

connected, fun, and practical. They can reduce emissions and even save you
money.

Fueling with electricity offers some advantages not available in conventional

internal combustion engine vehicles. Because electric motors react quickly,
EVs are very responsive and have very good torque. EVs are often more
digitally connected than conventional vehicles, with many EV charging
stations providing the option to control charging from a smartphone app.

Just like a smartphone, you can plug in your EV when you get home and have
it ready for you to use the next morning. Since the electric grid is available
almost anywhere, there are a variety of options for charging: at home, at work
or on the road. By charging often, you may never need to go to a gas station
again!

But EVs provide more than just individual benefits. EVs can help the United
States have a greater diversity of fuel choices available for transportation.
The U.S. used nearly nine billion barrels of petroleum last year, two-thirds of
which went towards transportation. Our reliance on petroleum makes us
vulnerable to price spikes and supply disruptions. EVs help reduce this threat
because almost all U.S. electricity is produced from domestic sources,
including coal, nuclear, natural gas, and renewable sources.

EVs can also reduce the emissions that contribute to climate change and
smog, improving public health and reducing ecological damage. Charging
your EV on renewable energy such as solar or wind minimizes these
emissions even more. See the difference in emissions between a
conventional vehicle and an EV using the calculator on the right. Learn more
about how EVs reduce pollution and their lifecycle emissions.

What Are the Advantages of Owning an

Electric Car?
According to environmentally conscious websites like Earth911
and Energy Sage, there are several notable advantages of owning
an electric car including:

● They are better for the environment

● Electricity can be a renewable resource, gasoline cannot
● They require less expensive and less frequent maintenance.
● They are quieter than gas vehicles
● There are tax credits available for owners of electric cars
● There are special highway lanes in some places for electric
cars

They Are Better for the Environment-

Many car buyers are convinced to switch to an electric car
because they are better for the environment. Because fully electric
vehicles (not hybrids) don't use an exhaust system, they have no
emissions. Without pumping any fumes into the air like gas
engines do, electric cars can help achieve cleaner air and fewer
greenhouse gasses.

Electricity Can Be a Renewable Resource, Gasoline Cannot-

Electric cars can be powered naturally with renewable
resources like solar, wind, and water power. Gasoline, however, is
created using oil, which is a natural resource, but not renewable.
For those who want to keep the renewable energy flowing even
more, having solar panels installed in your home will in-turn power
your electric car in your garage.

Electricity is also cheaper than gas. Electric cars typically cost one-
third the cost of gas-powered vehicles to run. Many electric
vehicles also use regenerative braking to add to the energy the car
needs to run, which is completely cost-free.

They Require Less Expensive and Less Frequent Maintenance-

 Without the use of a gas engine, electric cars don't need oil.
That means no more oil changes. Also, you'll forgo any other
maintenance and repairs associated with a traditional gas engine.
Electric cars are typically easier on brakes as well leading to fewer
brake replacements, according to AutoTrader.com.

They Are Quieter Than Gas Vehicles-

Electric cars run very quietly, especially when running fully on
battery power. In some states, legislators have considered
requiring electric cars to have noise makers installed to let
pedestrians know they're coming. According to MYEV.com, the
2019 Jaguar i-Pace electric car adds engine noises to the vehicle
when the driver accelerates quickly for the feel of a traditional
engine.

There Are Tax Credits Available for Owners of Electric Cars

Original owners of electric cars can receive credit on their tax
returns simply for owning a car that's better for the environment.
You'll need to be aware of the fine print that always accompanies
tax situations like this, but you can get as much as $7500 in credit
in some states for certain cars. Specific makes and models receive
different credit amounts. If you're interested in learning about what
kind of credit you could receive, there are several online resources
available.

There Are Special Highway Lanes in Some Places for Electric

Cars-
Some major highways have HOV (high occupancy vehicle)
lanes that can bypass traffic during rush hour. This is known as the
carpool lane, but is also available to electric car drivers. Even if
your electric car is just carrying you, you're entitled to use this
special lane.

What Are the Disadvantages of Owning

an Electric Car?
According to Plugincars.com, there are a few disadvantages
of owning an electric car, including:
 ● Electric cars have a shorter range than gas-powered cars
● Recharging the battery takes time
● They are usually more expensive than gas-powered cars
● It can sometimes be difficult to find a charging station
● There aren't as many model options

Electric Cars Have a Shorter Range than Gas-Powered Cars-

Although auto companies are finding more and more ways to
make electric cars go further, they still have a shorter range than
traditional cars. Usually, an electric car can get between 60 and
100 miles on a full charge. Depending on the fuel efficiency of a
car and the size of its gas tank, some can make it up to 400 miles
on a tank of gas.

Recharging the Battery Takes Time-

Filling up a gas tank might take up to three minutes at the gas
station, while recharging the battery of an electric car takes much
longer. Depending on the model, an electric car can sometimes
take up to 20 hours to fully charge. Newer and more expensive
models can charge in as quickly as four hours. However, having a
charging station in your garage helps make this more manageable
and kits are available to help cut down the charging time.

They Are Usually More Expensive Than Gas-Powered Cars-

The fully electric models of specific cars are always more
expensive than their gas-powered equivalents. Basic electric
models start at around $30,000 with luxury model prices climbing
to $80,000 and more. Usually, a car buyer will pay at least $10,000
more for an electric car than they would for the same type of car in
a gas model. As technology continues to evolve, this price gap is
likely to close.

It Can Sometimes Be Difficult to Find a Charging Station-

 Some areas have lots of electric vehicle (EV) charging
stations in various parking lots and on the sides of the road. This
isn't the case in every city. Road trips can be difficult in electric
cars. You can't take your home charging station with you on the
road. More charging stations are popping up around the country as
more people are driving electric cars, so this may not be a
disadvantage for much longer.

There Aren't as Many Model Options-

Finally, car makers have been building traditional car models
for over 100 years, but mass production on electric vehicles as we
now know them didn't start until the '90s. With less of a history,
there just aren't as many electric models available as there are
gas-powered.

There are plenty of advantages to buying an electric car,

especially if the health of the environment is important to you.
Make sure you don't miss out on incentives if you do buy one.