FINAL TEST

I Read the text below and choose the correct answers to the questions.
The study of control processes in electronic, mechanical and biological systems is
known as cybernetics. The word was coined in 1948 by the American
mathematician Norbert Wiener from the Greek word meaning pilot or steersman.
Cybernetics is concerned with the analysis of the flow of information in both living
organisms and machines, but it is particularly concerned with systems that are
capable of regulating their own operations without human control.
Automatic regulation is accomplished by using information about the state of the
end product that is fed back to the regulating device, causing it to modify or correct
production procedures if necessary. The concept of feedback is at the very heart of
cybernetics and is what makes a system automatic and self-regulating. A simple
example of a self-regulating machine is a thermostat, which reacts to continual
feedback about the outside temperature and responds accordingly to achieve the
temperature that has been programmed into it.
The applications of cybernetics are wide reaching, appearing in science,
engineering, technology, sociology, economics, education, and medicine.
Computers can keep a patient alive during a surgical operation, making
instantaneous modifications based on a constant flow of information. In education,
teaching machines use cybernetic principles to instruct students on an individual
basis. In the home, automation is present in such everyday products as
refrigerators, coffeemakers, and dishwashers. In industry, automation is increasing
its applications, although it is currently applied primarily to the large-scale
production of single units. In industries in which a break in the flow of production
can ruin the product, automatic controls are invaluable. Chemical and petroleum
plants are now almost completely automatic, as are industries involved in the
production of chemicals and atomic energy. Automation has become the answer
when human safety is the number one priority.
1. According to the passage, cybernetics is primarily concerned with systems
that ______.
a) are controlled by human b) analyze flaws of automation
c) are self-regulating d) have wide-reaching applications
2. According to the passage, how is automatic regulation accomplished?
a) by modifying and correcting production procedures
b) by feeding information to the regulatory device
c) by analyzing the flow of information to the organism
d) by making modifications in cybernetic principles
3. According to the passage, what makes a system automatic and
self-regulating?
a) information b) production procedures
c) human control d) feedback
4. According to the passage, automation in industry is primarily used in
producing ______.
a) large quantities of a single unit b) everyday household products
c) small amounts of many different products d) high-tech surgical instruments
5. According to the passage, automation is extremely important when the top
priority is ______.
a) efficiency b) speed
c) convenience d) safety

II Choose the option (a, b, c or d) that best completes the sentence.

1. Outstanding for his talent as an essayist, inventor, mathematician and astrologer
in the 1770s ______, who also published a popular almanac.
a) were Benjamin Banneker b) it was Benjamin Banneker
c) was Benjamin Banneker d) Benjamin Banneker
2. During the eighteenth century, communication within and between cities ______
at first.
a) were difficult b) they were difficult
c) difficult d) was difficult
3. ______ to fluorescent lamps, television tubes and other devices.
a) Phosphorous are used b) It is phosphorous
c) To use phosphorous d) Using phosphorous
4. _____ to stop yourself from blinking except for a short period of time.
a) Impossible it b) Impossible
c) It impossible d) It is impossible
5. The tips of some undersea mountains _____ islands in the middle of the ocean.
a) to form b) they form
c) form d) forming
6. _____ today was developed by the Swiss scientist Horace de Sassure around
1773.
a) Mountaineering it as we know b) Mountaineering as we know it
c) We know mountaineering is d) We know there is mountaineering
7. _____ of the surface of the Earth is covered by water.
a) Three-quarters is nearly b) There is nearly three-quarters
c) It is nearly three-quarters d) Nearly three-quarters
8. _____ not until the end of the seventeenth century that scientists began to stress
the importance of experiment as a way of gaining knowledge.
a) There was b) It was
c) There d) It
9. Seismic prospecting ______ used to map out rock structures below the ground.
a) widely b) are widely
c) is widely d) it is widely
10. _____ in space, a rocket has to be powerful enough to break out of the pull of
the Earth’s gravity.
a) To travel b) It is travel
c) That travel d) Travel
III Read the following sentences carefully. Choose the appropriate word.
1. My brother is ___ late for work, he can’t wake up in the mornings.
a) rarely b) always c) occasionally d) seemed
2. Tina is a very ___ child who loves giving presents.
a) ambitious b) generous c) determined d) sensitive
3. My blood ___ rises every time I switch the television on.
a) level b) impression c) pressure d) temperature
4. Sometimes there is a lot of competition between children for their mother’s ___.
a) attraction b) protection c) attention d)
recognition
5. It was ___ good film that I want to see it again.
a) such b) so c) such a d) as
6. I’d rather __ the children decide for themselves.
a) to let b) allowing c) to allow d) let
7. Aren’t you ready ___? I’ve been waiting for you for twenty minutes.
a) already b) since c) yet d) sometimes
8. The suspect ___ that he had been to the bank that day.
a) told b) refused c) rejected d) denied
9. ___ you are ready in five minutes, I’m leaving without you.
a) if b) until c) unless d) till
10. In the old days, people punished ___ by killing them.
a) traitors b) guards c) generals d) employees

IV Read the following sentences carefully. Choose the correct answer.

1. I’ll look for your notebook and if I find it _____ you a ring.
a) I’ll give b) I’d give c) I must to give
2. It is said that the new cinema complex _____ by the summer.
a) will complete b) will have been completed c) will be completed
3. He said he was going out but he _____ in by nine.
a) will be b) can be c) would be
4. A light _____ turned on and the door was opened.
a) was b) is c) were
5. If I had known you were still reading them I _____ them away.
a) wouldn’t thrown b) wouldn’t have thrown c) will have thrown
6. She said all she _____ hear was a high-pitched buzz.
a) could b) can c) will
7. This machinery _____ out by constant use.
a) has worn b) has been worn c) have been worn
8. If the baby _____ a girl, we are going to call her Ann.
a) was b) will be c) is
9. These calculations used to be done by men; now they _____ by a computer.
a) do b) are done c) are doing
10. They said they would wait for me if I _____ late.
a) were b) was c) am
11. This old house _____ in for years.
a) hasn’t been lived b) hasn’t been living c) hasn’t lived
12. If he _____ more exercise, he would be healthier.
a) takes b) will take c) took
13. The telephonist asked who I _____ speak to.
a) wanted b) want to c) wanted to
14. She is honest and hard-working but she tends _____ a little stubborn at times.
a) to be b) be c) to have been
15. He asked if I minded _____ on the night shifts.
a) to work b) working c) work
16. The new wing of the museum _____ tomorrow by the Minister of Culture.
a) will open b) will be open c) will be opened
17. If I ______ hard I would have got a good job.
a) had worked b) worked c) work
18. He said if what she said was true he _____ go to the police.
a) must to b) could c) must
19. No matter what Jo said she couldn’t make him _____ her point.
a) to see b) see c) to be seen
20. If someone rang my doorbell at 3 a.m. I _____ be very unwilling to open the
door.
a) will b) would c) would to

V Fill in: say or tell in the correct tense-form.

1. Who _____ you that?
2. He _____ nothing to my question.
3. “Any news?” “Nothing to _____ about”.
4. Don never troubles to _____ “please”.
5. Bert _____ me that he wouldn’t come.
6. “I’m leaving tomorrow,” he _____.
7. Who are they to _____ us what to do?
8. I’ve never _____ anything like that.
9. So many keys you have! How can you _____ the right one?
10. Never ______ so again!
11. I _____ you that there would be troubles.
12. Do you think Rona is _____ the truth?
13. Because he couldn’t _____ the time, the boy arrived home very late one
evening.
14. James _____ that he has already done his homework.
15. Never _____ a secret to a person who spreads gossip.