In the article "Effectiveness of Common Household Cleaning Agents in Reducing the Viability of Human

Influenza A/H1N1", it was stated that cleaning agents such as bleach, vinegar, and washing-up liquid
were able to rapidly render influenza virus nonviable, as determined by plaque assay. Based on my
opinion, the bleach is really the one who has the ability to kill and reduce the viability of human
influenza. Although the vinegar can also kill bacteria and viruses as well as the washing-up liquid, still, I
think the bleach has the most probability that the viability of influenza virus will be reduced. From the
website I read, the vinegar is a great choice for cleaners because it contains 5 percent acetic acid and a
compound that can dissolve dirt, debris, and grime. However, as a disinfectant, vinegar has limited uses.
It can only kill or reduce certain types of pathogens, such as

Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes. So still, vinegar can’t kill all germs even
the SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. And it was proven by The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) that they hasn’t registered vinegar as a disinfectant. The EPA doesn’t review household
ingredients for their effectiveness against germs. Because of these limitations, vinegar may not be the
best choice for adequately disinfecting your home. For the washing-up liquid, I believe that it can still
reduce the viability of human influenza somehow. Because according to Dr. Adrian Heald, the virus
particles have a fatty, oily outer layer and that layer is required for the virus to be able to infect a cell. If
you use soap or detergent (washing up liquid), they will all interact with this waxy, oily layer and disrupt
that, so the virus will fall apart and won’t be able to infect anybody. Overall, I believe to the
effectiveness of bleach in reducing the viability of human influenza because it contains sodium
hypochlorite that uses the same quality that makes it such a great stain remover -- its power as an
oxidizing agent. Thus, in the context of the ongoing pandemic, and especially in low- resource settings,
this article implies that the public does not need to source specialized cleaning products, but can rapidly
disinfect potentially contaminated surfaces with agents readily available in most homes.

Act 4

1. Potatoes contain oxalic acid, which helps to break down rust.

2. High in citric acid, lemon juice is one of the best natural cleaners due to its low pH and antibacterial
properties. The acid in lemons is antibacterial and antiseptic, and it acts as a natural bleach.

3. Calamansi

-  Useful for food recipes, Eliminates bad smell of fish, Skin lightening, Take away stains on clothes,
Washes body dirt, Can be us as deodorizer, Eliminates itching, Helps cough, Good source of Vitamin C,
Helps hair growth.

Citric acids also have mild bleaching action useful for removing certain kinds of stains