Electricity

and
Cell
Magnetism
 Cells are those where these electro-chemical reactions take place to produce the limited
electric potential difference.
 Battery is usually meant a combination of cells.
 It is often advisable to combine cells so that the combination furnishes exactly the
right current or the right EMF.

Cell
Series

Combinations
 Cells are said to be connected in a series if the negative terminal of one cell is connected
to the positive terminal of one cell is connected to the positive terminal of the next and so
on.

Laws for cells arranged in series.

1. The EMF combination is equal to the sum of the individual EMFs of the cells
connected in series. (E=E1+E2+E3+En) (E=VxEn)
2. The internal resistance of the combination is equal to the sum of the separate internal
resistances of the cells in the series combination.
3. The current delivered by the battery, or the combination in series, is the same as the
current passing through each cell.
Belleza, Roselyn Lynbert T.
 The principal reason why cells are connected in series is given by the first of the three
BSE – Science 2B
laws—to obtain a higher EMF.
 A stronger battery or a battery of higher EMF can be obtained by connecting cells
in series.
 The greater the number of cells in series, the stronger the battery formed.
  If the cells are all identical the EMF of the battery is the EMF of one cell multiplied by the
number of cells.

 However, as we connect more cells in series, the internal resistance of the battery
increases. This is a disadvantage of a series connection. In a flashlight with six
cells, the cells are connected in series. If the EMF of one cell is 1.5 volts, the EMF
of the battery formed is 9.0 volts.
Parallel
 Cells are said to be connected in parallel if their positive terminals are connected to each other and
their negative terminals are connected to each other.

The following are the laws for identical cells connected in parallel:
1. The EMF of the battery formed is the same as the EMF of one cell.
2. The current in the external circuit is equally divided among the identical cells.
3. The internal resistance of the batten formed is equal to the internal resistance of one cell
divided by the number of cells.
 Cells are connected in parallel if it is desired to pass a large current at a low voltage through a
small resistance.
 If the cells are identical, the large current is equally divided among the cells.
 In this way, the current through each cell is small enough, and the life of the cell is
prolonged.
Series Parallel
 The cells in a battery can also be connected in mixture of both series and parallel. These
combinations are sometime referred as series parallel battery.
 A load can require both voltage and current more than that of an individual battery cell.
 One such combination. Three cells close to each other is equivalent to one stronger cell.
 This combination is placed in parallel with a similar combination.
References:

 Electric currrents. 2020. Retrieved from:

https://www.askiitians.com/iit-jee-electriccurrent/cells-in-series-and-in-parallel/
 E.E. 2018. Batteries in a series batteries in parallels. Retrieved from:
https://www.electrical4u.com/series-parallel-battery-cells/
 Curren Electricity. Series and parallels. 2017. Retrieved from:
https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/current-electricity/cells-in-series-and-parallel/