Spinal Cord, Part 1

With Dr. Craig Canby

Nicole Yatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Segmentation of Spinal Cord
Five Segments

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Segmentation of Spinal Cord
Five Segments

Cervical [C1–C8]

Thoracic [T1–T12]

Lumbar [L1–L5]

Sacral [S1–S5]

Coccygeal

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Spinal Nerves
31 Pairs Segmentally Issue from Spinal Cord

• 8 Cervical

• 12 Thoracic

• 5 Lumbar

• 5 Sacral

• 1 Coccygeal

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Spinal Nerves
31 Pairs Segmentally Issue from Spinal Cord

• 8 Cervical

• 12 Thoracic

• 5 Lumbar

• 5 Sacral

• 1 Coccygeal

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Spinal Nerves
31 Pairs Segmentally Issue from Spinal Cord

• 8 Cervical

• 12 Thoracic

• 5 Lumbar

• 5 Sacral

• 1 Coccygeal

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Spinal Nerves
31 Pairs Segmentally Issue from Spinal Cord

• 8 Cervical

• 12 Thoracic

• 5 Lumbar

• 5 Sacral

• 1 Coccygeal

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Spinal Nerves
31 Pairs Segmentally Issue from Spinal Cord

• 8 Cervical

• 12 Thoracic

• 5 Lumbar

• 5 Sacral

• 1 Coccygeal

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Cross-section of Spinal Cord
Organization of Gray and White Matter

• Centrally located gray matter

• Central canal

• Peripherally located white matter

Central canal

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Cross-section of Spinal Cord
Ratio of Gray to White Matter

• Cervical x-section – ratio is low

• Ratio increases inferiorly

• Sacral – ratio is high

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Cross-section of Spinal Cord
Gray Matter

Dorsal horn

• Dorsal horn: sensory input;

reflexes

• Ventral horn: alpha and gamma

motor neurons

• Intermediate horn (TI to LII/LIII):

visceral motor output

Ventral horn
Intermediate horn

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Rexed Laminae
Divisions of Gray Matter

• I–IV: exteroceptive sensations

I
II
• V–VI: proprioceptive sensation;
III
relay between midbrain and IV
cerebellum V
VI
• VI: neurons give rise to
spinocerebellar pathways VII
VIII
• VII: visceral motor output
X
IX
• VIII–IX: final motor output

• X: decussation of axons

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Rexed Lamina IX
Topographic Organization by Function
Lateral white matter
(axons from motor cortex)

• Alpha and gamma motor

neurons

• Proximal – distal rule Proximal Distal

muscles muscles
• Flexor – extensor rule

Medial white matter

(axons from brainstem)
© by Craig Canby
Nicole Yatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Spinal Cord Tracts
Functional Transmission

• Ascending tracts (blue) –

sensory information

• Descending tracts (red) –

motor information

Paulsen and Waschke, Atlas of Human

Nicole Yatawara, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Summary
Spinal Cord, Part 1

• The spinal cord is segmented into cervical,

thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
regions that issue 31 pairs of spinal nerves:
8 cervical; 12 thoracic; 5 lumbar; 5 sacral;
and 1 coccygeal.

• Central gray matter consisting of nerve cell

bodies, and outer white (myelin) matter
which colors the descending and ascending
spinal tracts

© by LecturioNicole
GmbHYatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 Summary
Spinal Cord, Part 1

• Dorsal gray horn contains sensory neurons,

the ventral gray horn motor neurons, and
intermediate gray horn preganglionic
sympathetic neurons.

• The ratio of gray to white matter increases

caudally along the length of the spinal cord.

• Motor neurons in Rexed lamina IX follow

the proximal-distal and flexor-extensor
rules.

© by LecturioNicole
GmbHYatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 List of References

The images used in this presentation were

sourced from:

Paulsen and Waschke:

Atlas of Human Anatomy, 15th edition,
Elsevier GmbH 2011

Nicole Yatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
 This document is a property of: Nicole Yatawara

Note: This document is copyright protected. It may not be copied, reproduced, used, or
distributed in any way without the written authorization of Lecturio GmbH.

Nicole Yatawara, nicoleyatawara@gmail.com

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.