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Appendix A

COMMUNICATION LETTER

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Appendix B

LABORATORY MANUAL

Laboratory Experiment No.1

Title: Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete Cylinders

Objective: To determine the Compressive Strength of Porous Concrete cylinders.

I. Materials And Equipment:

Cement

Gravel(3/4 in, 3/8 in, G1)

PVC Pipe

Water

Compression Testing Machine

Shovel

Galloon (2.5 liters)

II. Procedure:

1. Fabricate a 4 inches diameter size of molder within a height of 8in. or

otherwise use concrete cylinders.

2. Fabricate a 4 inches diameter size of molder within a height of 8in. or

otherwise.

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3. Create a concrete specimen using different size of aggregates (3/4”, 3/8” and

G1) according to the suggested mix ratio. 1:4(Cement: Gravel ratio)

4. Mix each aggregates and cement including water with a ratio of 25%-75% to

form a Concrete specimen. If your rock is pretty wet to begin with, you probably

will need to add very little water to mix. It is necessary to mix it with hands.

5. During compaction strokes per layer must be 15 in number followed by

vibration of 10 seconds on a vibrating table if necessary. Specimen must be

stored in undisturbed area with a 98% humidity and cured. After this period,

samples should be submerged in a clean and freshwater until the day of testing

is reached.

6. Curing of specimens. Suggested curing period must be 3days, 7days and 14

days after molding.

7. If the curing period reach takeout the specimen from the curing tank.

8. Wipe out the excess water from the surface of the specimen.

9. Place the specimen vertically on the platform of the apparatus.

10. Before starting, make it sure that the top of the loading platform must touch

the top of the specimen.

11. Apply the load continuously until the specimen fails. As for now, there is no

ASTM test standard for compressive strength of pervious concrete. But, the

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compressive strength must be ranges from 500 psi to 4000 psi (3.5 MPa to

28MPa) for 7-28 days of curing as suggested. Interval of curing period are

7days, 14days, and 28days after molding.

12. Tabulate the result.

13. The test repeated on the remaining specimens and till the testing day

reached.

III. Precautions

1. Prior to the compression test, the cylinder must not be allowed to dry out

completely.

2. Gloves and protective googles have to protect from harm due to specimen

breakage.

3. IV. Data and Result:

Compressive Strength of Porous Concrete

Curing days Size of Aggregates Strength (psi)

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V. Conclusion

Laboratory Experiment No. 2

Title: Compressive Strength of Traditional Concrete Cylinders

Objective: To determine the Compressive Strength of Traditional Concrete

cylinders.

I. Materials and Equipment:

Cement

Gravel (3/4 in, 3/8 in, G1)

PVC Pipe

Water

Compression Testing Machine

Shovel

Galloon (2.5 liters)

Sand

II. Procedure:
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1. Fabricate a 4 inches in diameter size of molder within a height of 8inches or

otherwise use concrete cylinders.

2.Create a concrete specimen using different size of aggregates(3/4”, 3/8” and

G1) according to different Concrete Mixture and Proportions below:

Concrete mixture and proportions

Mixture Class Proportion

Cement : Sand : Gravel

Class AA 1 : 1.5 : 3
Class A 1 : 2 :4
Class B 1 : 2.5 : 5
Class C 1: 3 : 6

3.Mix each aggregates, sand and cement including water with a ratio of 25%-

75% to form a Concrete specimen. During compaction strokes per layer must be

not less than 30 in number. Specimen must be stored in undisturbed area with a

90% humidity at a low temperature for 24 hours. After this period, samples

should be submerged in a clean and freshwater until the day of testing is

reached.

4.Curing of specimens. The Table shows the ASTM standard requirements for

compressive strength. 5.If the curing period reach takeout the specimen from

the curing tank.

AGE STRENGTH PERCENT

3 days 40%
7 days 65%
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14 days 90%
28 days 99%
6.Wipe out the excess water from the surface of the specimen.

Place the specimen vertically on the platform of the apparatus.

8.Before starting, make it sure that the top of the loading platform must touch

the top of the specimen.

9.Apply the load continuously until the specimen fails.

10.Tabulate the result.

11.The test repeated on the remaining specimens and till the testing day

reached.

III. Precautions

1.Prior to the compression test, the cylinder must not be allowed to dry out

completely.

2.Gloves and protective googles have to protect from harm due to specimen

breakage. IV Data and Result:

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Compressive Strength of Traditional Concrete

Curing days Size of Aggregates Strength(psi)

V.Conclusion

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Laboratory Experiment no. 3

Title: Determining the Hydraulic Conductivity Of Traditional Concrete

Objective: To determine the hydraulic conductivity of Traditional Concrete with

varying size aggregates and water-cement ratio.

I. Materials And Equipment:

Cement

Gravel(3/4 in, 3/8 in, G1)

Pvc Pipe

Water

Falling Head Permeameter(apparatus)

Shovel

Galloon(300ml)

sand

II. Procedure:

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1.Fabricate a 4 inches diameter size of molder within a height of 15cm.

2.Create a traditional concrete specimen using different size of aggregates(3/4”,

3/8”, G1).

3.Mix each aggregates, sand and cement including water to form a Concrete

specimen . During compaction strokes per layer must be not less than 30 in

number. Specimen must be stored in undisturbed area with a 90% humidity at a

low temperature for 24 hours. After this period, samples should be submerged in

a clean and freshwater until the day of testing is reached.

4.Curing of specimens. Suggested curing period are 3-28 days after molding.

5.If the curing period reach takeout the specimen from the curing tank.

6.Wipe out the excess water from the surface of the specimen.

7.Put the specimen on the apparatus carefully.

8.During the test, the samples were in PVC Pipe in order to avoid loss of water

through its lateral surface. Furthermore, two silicone rings were used for sealing

the bottom and the top of the samples were produced, avoiding water leaks

during the tests. The tests were carried out -- days after molding.

The test procedure consisted in adding water to the downstream end of the

device to expel any air voids that may have been present in the sample. After

complete sample immersion on water, the valve on the center of the

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permeameter was closed and the water column height was increased until --- cm

by the upstream. After opening the valve, the time to the water column height

decrease from -- cm to -- cm was recorded. The equation below was used in

order to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the samples.

al h1
Formula: k = ln ⁡( )
at h2

In Equation, k is the hydraulic conductivity (cm/s), a is the cross-sectional

area of the standpipe (cm²), L is the length of specimen (cm), A is the cross-

sectional area of specimen (cm²), t is the time for water to drop from h1 to h2

(s), and h1 and h2 are the initial and final water level (cm)

9. Tabulate the result.

III. Data and Result:

Hydraulic Conductivity of Traditional Concrete

Size Water- Initial Final Time Hydraulic

Aggregates Cement ratio head head Conductivity;k

IV. Conclusion

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Laboratory Experiment no. 4

Title: Determining the Hydraulic Conductivity of a Pervious Concrete

Objective: To determine the hydraulic conductivity of Porous Concrete with

varying size aggregates and water-cement ratio.

I. Materials And Equipment:

Cement

Gravel(3/4 in, 3/8 in, G1)

PVC Pipe

Water

Falling Head Permeameter(apparatus)

Shovel

Galloon(300ml)

II. Procedure:

1.Fabricate a 4 inches diameter size of molder within a height of 15cm.

2.Create a porous concrete specimen using different size of aggregates(3/4”,

3/8”, G1) according to the given, cement : gravel ratio ( 1 : 4).

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3.Mix each aggregates and cement including water to form a Concrete specimen.
If your rock is pretty wet to begin with, you probably will need to add very little

water to mix. It is necessary to mix it with hands. Water-cement ratio must be

ranges from 25% to 75% in each aggregate.(Note: Pervious/Porous Concrete

will dry out very fast)

4.Suggested curing days ranges from 3-28 days after molding.

5.If the suggested curing period reach takeout the specimen from the curing

tank.

6.Wipe the excess water. Do not exposed too much on air.

7.Put the specimen on the apparatus carefully.

8.During the test, the samples were in Pvc Pipe in order to avoid loss of water

through its lateral surface. Furthermore, two silicone rings were used for sealing

the bottom and the top of the samples were produced, avoiding water leaks

during the tests. The tests were carried out -- days after molding.

The test procedure consisted in adding water to the downstream end of the

device to expel any air voids that may have been present in the sample. After

complete sample immersion on water, the valve on the center of the

permeameter was closed and the water column height was increased until --- cm

by the upstream. After opening the valve, the time to the water column height

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decrease from -- cm to -- cm was recorded. The equation below was used in

order to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the samples.

Formula:

al h1
k= ln ⁡( )
at h2

In Equation, k is the hydraulic conductivity (cm/s), a is the cross-sectional

area of the standpipe (cm²), L is the length of specimen (cm), A is the cross-

sectional area of specimen (cm²), t is the time for water to drop from h1 to h2

(s), and h1 and h2 are the initial and final water level (cm).

Note: Typical flow rates of water through Pervious Concrete ranges from

0.2cm/s to 1.2cm/s

9. Tabulate the result.

III. Data and Result.

Hydraulic Conductivity of Pervious Concrete

Size Water- Initial Final Time Hydraulic

Aggregates Cement ratio head head Conductivity;k

IV. Conclusion
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Appendix C

BILL OF MATERIALS

Falling Head Apparatus

Quantity Description Unit Cost Amount

2 pcs Laminated sheet 20.00 Php.40.00

1 pc 4’’PVC Elbow 75.00 Php.75.00

2 pcs 2”PVC Elbow 35.00 Php.70.00

1 pc 2’’PVC Pipe 150.00 Php.150.00

1 pc 2’’Gate Valve 125.00 Php.125.00

1 pc 2’’Clean out 25.00 Php.25.00

1 pc Bosny Paint 130.00 Php.130.00

½ kilo Welding rod 50.00 Php.50.00

1 pc Stopwatch 880.00 Php.880.00

1 pc PVC Solvent 65.00 Php.65.00

1 pc Angle Bar 350.00 Php.350.00

2 pcs Hose Clip 75.00 Php.150.00

1pc Flat Bar 250.00 Php.250.00

Labor Cost 1000.00 Php.1000.00

Total Cost Php.3360.00

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Concrete Specimen

Quantity Description Unit Cost Amount

1 sack Portland Cement 230.00 Php.230.00

3 sacks Sand 75.00 Php.225.00

¾” Crashed
3 sacks 100.00 Php.300.00
Gravel

3/8’’ Crashed
3 sacks 100.00 Php.300.00
Gravel

3 sacks G1(Gravel) 100.00 Php.300.00

Total Cost Php.1,355.00

Overall Cost

Equipment/Apparatus Amount

Falling Head Apparatus Php.3,360.00

Concrete Specimen Php.1,355.00

Testing fee Php.1,800.00

Overall Cost Php.6,515.00

Appendix D
DOCUMENTATION

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Working with Chapter 1 Working with Chapter 2

Canvassing of materials for specimen

Making Cylinders for Hydraulic

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Making Cylinders for Hydraulic Canvassing of materials for Apparatus

Canvassing of materials for Apparatus Construction of Apparatus

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Construction of Apparatus

Construction of Apparatus

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Testing of Cylinders Making Cylinders for compressive

Making Cylinders for compressive Making Cylinders for compressive

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Testing of Cylinders Working with Chapter 3

Appendix E

SUMMARY OF WORK SCHEDULE

Activities Duration

Working with Chapter 1 Sept. 3 – 7,2018

Working with Chapter 2 Sept. 17 -21,2018

Canvassing of materials for specimen Oct. 01 - 04,2018

Making Cylinders for Hydraulic … Oct. 5,2018

Canvassing of materials for Apparatus Oct.15 – 26,2018

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Construction of Apparatus Nov. 8 – 9,2018

Testing of Cylinders Nov.10

Making Cylinders for compressive … Nov.18

Testing of Cylinders Nov.21-Dec.01

Working with Chapter 3 Nov. 25 – Dec.05

Working with Chapter 4 Dec. 07 - 10

Gantt chart

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Appendix F

LIST OF MATERIALS

Name of Materials Material Description

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Cement

Sand

Gravel

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Laminated Sheet

PVC Pipe

PVC Elbows

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PVC Clean out

PVC Gate Valve

BOSNY Spray Paint

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S-Blue PVC Solvent

Hose clamp

Angle Bars

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Flat Bars

Welding Rod

Bolts and Nuts

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Bucket

Stopwatch

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