gauss divergence

theorem
Problems:
1. Verify Gauss Divergence Theorem for 𝐹 𝑥2 𝑦𝑧 𝑖 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥
𝑧2 𝑥𝑦 𝑘 and S is the surface of the rectangular parallelopiped
bounded by 𝑥 0, 𝑥 𝑎, 𝑦 0, 𝑦 𝑏, 𝑧 0 and 𝑧 𝑐.
Solution:
Gauss divergence theorem is

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣
Given 𝐹 𝑥2 𝑦𝑧 𝑖 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥 𝑧2 𝑥𝑦 𝑘

To evaluate 𝑽
𝒅𝒊𝒗 𝑭 𝒅𝒗
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝛻 .𝐹
𝑥2 𝑦𝑧 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥 𝑧2 𝑥𝑦
 2𝑥 2𝑦 2𝑧
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
𝑏 𝑎
𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣 2 0 0 0
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝑎
𝑏
2 0 0
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
2 0
𝑏 𝑎
2 0 0
𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
2
𝑏
𝑎
2 0 2
𝑦 𝑎 𝑎𝑧𝑦 𝑑𝑧
2 0
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑏
2 0
𝑎𝑏𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2 2

𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
2
2 2 2 0
𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 … … 1
 z

G D

F E

O C y

A B
x
Now,

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠
 Surface Face Unit outward normal
vector
𝑆1 ABEF 𝑖
𝑆2 OCDG 𝑖
𝑆3 BCDE
𝑆4 OAFG
𝑆 FEDG 𝑘
𝑆6 OABC 𝑘

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟏
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟏 : 𝑥 𝑎; 𝑛 𝑖; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 𝑖 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥 𝑧2 𝑥𝑦 𝑘 . 𝑖
𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧
𝑎2 𝑦𝑧 ∵𝑥 𝑎
y varies from 𝑦 0 to 𝑦 𝑏
z varies from 𝑧 0 to 𝑧 𝑐
 𝑏
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0 0
𝑎2 𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧

𝑏
2
0
𝑎 𝑦 𝑑𝑧
2 0

𝑏
0
𝑎2 𝑏 𝑑𝑧
2

2 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏𝑧
4 0
𝑏
𝑎2 𝑏𝑐
4

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟐
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟐 : 𝑥 0; 𝑛 𝑖; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧

𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑦𝑧 𝑖 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥 𝑧2 𝑥𝑦 𝑘 . 𝑖
𝑥2 𝑦𝑧
 𝑦𝑧 ∵𝑥 0
y varies from 𝑦 0 to 𝑦 𝑏
z varies from 𝑧 0 to 𝑧 𝑐
𝑏
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0 0
𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧

𝑏
0
𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2 0

𝑏
0
𝑑𝑧
2

𝑏
4 0
𝑏
4
Evaluation of 𝑺𝟑
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟑 : 𝑦 𝑏; 𝑛 ; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧

𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑦𝑧 𝑖 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥 𝑧2 𝑥𝑦 𝑘 .
𝑦2 𝑧𝑥
𝑏2 𝑧𝑥 ∵𝑦 𝑏
x varies from 𝑥 0 to 𝑥 𝑎
z varies from 𝑧 0 to 𝑧 𝑐
𝑎
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0 0
𝑏2 𝑧𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
𝑎
0
𝑏2𝑥 𝑑𝑧
2 0

𝑎
0
𝑎𝑏 2 𝑑𝑧
2
 𝑎
𝑎𝑏 2 𝑧
4 0
𝑎
𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐
4

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟒
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟒 : 𝑦 0; 𝑛 ; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧

𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑦𝑧 𝑖 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥 𝑧2 𝑥𝑦 𝑘 .
𝑦2 𝑧𝑥
𝑧𝑥 ∵𝑦 0

x varies from 𝑥 0 to 𝑥 𝑎
z varies from 𝑧 0 to 𝑧 𝑐
 𝑎
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0 0
𝑧𝑥 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥

𝑎
0
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 0

𝑎
0
𝑑𝑥
2
𝑎

4 0
𝑎
4

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟓
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔

On 𝑺𝟓 : 𝑧 𝑐; 𝑛 𝑘; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑦𝑧 𝑖 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥 𝑧2 𝑥𝑦 𝑘 . 𝑘
𝑧2 𝑥𝑦
 𝑐2 𝑥𝑦 ∵𝑧 𝑐
x varies from 𝑥 0 to 𝑥 𝑎
y varies from 𝑦 0 to 𝑦 𝑏
𝑏 𝑎
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0 0
𝑐2 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑎
𝑏
0
𝑐2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 0

𝑏 𝑎
0
𝑎𝑐 2 𝑑𝑦
2

𝑏
𝑎
𝑎𝑐 2 𝑦
4 0
𝑎 𝑏
𝑎𝑏𝑐 2
4
Evaluation of 𝑺𝟔
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔

On 𝑺𝟔 : 𝑧 0; 𝑛 𝑘; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑦𝑧 𝑖 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥 𝑧2 𝑥𝑦 𝑘 . 𝑘
𝑧2 𝑥𝑦
𝑥𝑦 ∵𝑧 0
x varies from 𝑥 0 to 𝑥 𝑎
y varies from 𝑦 0 to 𝑦 𝑏
𝑏 𝑎
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0 0
𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑎
𝑏
0
𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2 0

𝑏 𝑎
0
𝑑𝑦
2
 𝑏
𝑎
4 0
𝑎 𝑏
4

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠
𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐
4 4 4 4
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎𝑏𝑐 2
4 4
𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 … … 2
From 1 & 2 , we get

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣.
2. Verify Gauss Divergence Theorem for 𝐹 𝑥2 𝑖 𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑘
where S is the surface of the parallelopiped formed by the planes 𝑥
1, 𝑥 1, 𝑦 1, 𝑦 1, 𝑧 1 and 𝑧 1.
Solution:
Gauss divergence theorem is

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣
Given 𝐹 𝑥2 𝑖 𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑘

To evaluate 𝑽
𝒅𝒊𝒗 𝑭 𝒅𝒗
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝛻 .𝐹
𝑥2 𝑧 𝑦𝑧
2𝑥 0 𝑦
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 2𝑥 𝑦
 1 1 1
𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣 −1 −1 −1
2𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
1
1 1
−1 −1
2 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
2 −1
1 1
−1 −1
1 𝑦 1 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
1 1
−1 −1
2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
1
1
−1
2 𝑑𝑧
2 −1
1
2 −1
1 1 𝑑𝑧
0

𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣 0 …… 1
Here, the surface S consists of the six faces of the cube.
 z

G D

F E

O C y

A B
x
Now,

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠
 Surface Face Unit outward normal
vector
𝑆1 ABEF 𝑖
𝑆2 OCDG 𝑖
𝑆3 BCDE
𝑆4 OAFG
𝑆 FEDG 𝑘
𝑆6 OABC 𝑘

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟏
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟏 : 𝑥 1; 𝑛 𝑖; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑖 𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑘 . 𝑖
𝑥2
1 ∵𝑥 1
y varies from 𝑦 1 to 𝑦 1
z varies from 𝑧 1 to 𝑧 1
 1 1
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 −1 −1
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
1 1
−1
𝑦 −1 𝑑𝑧
1
−1
2 𝑑𝑧
1
2𝑧 −1

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟐
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟐 : 𝑥 1; 𝑛 𝑖; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧

𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑖 𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑘 . 𝑖
𝑥2
1 ∵𝑥 1
 y varies from 𝑦 1 to 𝑦 1
z varies from 𝑧 1 to 𝑧 1
1 1
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 −1 −1
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
1 1
−1
𝑦 −1 𝑑𝑧
1
−1
2 𝑑𝑧
1
2𝑧 −1
4

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟑
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟑 : 𝑦 1; 𝑛 ; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑖 𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑘 .
𝑧
x varies from 𝑥 1 to 𝑥 1
z varies from 𝑧 1 to 𝑧 1
1 1
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 −1 −1
𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
1
1
−1 2 −1
𝑑𝑥

1 1 1
−1 2
𝑑𝑥
2
0

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟒
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟒 : 𝑦 1; 𝑛 ; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧

𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑖 𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑘 .
𝑧
x varies from 𝑥 1 to 𝑥 1
z varies from 𝑧 1 to 𝑧 1
1 1
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 −1 −1
𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
1
1
−1 2 −1
𝑑𝑥

1 1 1
−1 2
𝑑𝑥
2
0

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟓
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔

On 𝑺𝟓 : 𝑧 1; 𝑛 𝑘; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑖 𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑘 . 𝑘
𝑦𝑧
𝑦 ∵𝑧 1
x varies from 𝑥 1 to 𝑥 1
y varies from 𝑦 1 to 𝑦 1
1 1
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 −1 −1
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1 1
−1
𝑦 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑦
1
−1
2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1
2
2 −1

1 1
0

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟔
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔

On 𝑺𝟔 : 𝑧 1; 𝑛 𝑘; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝐹 .𝑛 𝑥2 𝑖 𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑘 . 𝑘
𝑦𝑧
𝑦 ∵𝑧 1
x varies from 𝑥 1 to 𝑥 1
y varies from 𝑦 1 to 𝑦 1
1 1
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 −1 −1
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1 1
−1
𝑦 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑦
1
−1
2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1
2
2 −1

1 1
0
 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠
4 4 0 0 0 0
0 …… 2
From 1 & 2 , we get

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣.
Hence Gauss Divergence theorem is verified.
3. Verify Gauss Divergence Theorem for 𝐹 4𝑥𝑧𝑖 𝑦 2 𝑦𝑧𝑘 over the
cube bounded by 𝑥 0, 𝑥 1, 𝑦 0, 𝑦 1, 𝑧 0 and 𝑧 1.
Solution:
Gauss divergence theorem is

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣
Given 𝐹 4𝑥𝑧𝑖 𝑦2 𝑦𝑧𝑘

To evaluate 𝑽
𝒅𝒊𝒗 𝑭 𝒅𝒗
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝛻 .𝐹
4𝑥𝑧 𝑦2 𝑦𝑧
4𝑧 2𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 4𝑧 𝑦
 1 1 1
𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣 0 0 0
4𝑧 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
1 1 1
0 0
4𝑥𝑧 𝑦𝑥 0 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
1 1
0 0
4𝑧 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
1
1
0
4𝑧𝑦 𝑑𝑧
2 0
1 1
0
4𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2
1
4
2 2 0
1
2
2
3
…… 1
2
 z

G D

F E

O C y

A B
x
Now,

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠
 Surface Face Unit outward normal
vector
𝑆1 ABEF 𝑖
𝑆2 OCDG 𝑖
𝑆3 BCDE
𝑆4 OAFG
𝑆 FEDG 𝑘
𝑆6 OABC 𝑘

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟏
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟏 : 𝑥 1; 𝑛 𝑖; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝐹 .𝑛 4𝑥𝑧𝑖 𝑦 2 𝑦𝑧𝑘 . 𝑖
4𝑥𝑧
4𝑧 ∵𝑥 1
y varies from 𝑦 0 to 𝑦 1
z varies from 𝑧 0 to 𝑧 1
 1 1
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0 0
4𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
1
0
4𝑧 𝑦 10 𝑑𝑧
1
0
4𝑧 𝑑𝑧
1
4
2 0

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟐
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟐 : 𝑥 0; 𝑛 𝑖; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝐹 .𝑛 4𝑥𝑧𝑖 𝑦2 𝑦𝑧𝑘 . 𝑖
4𝑥𝑧
0 ∵𝑥 0
 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟑
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟑 : 𝑦 1; 𝑛 ; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
𝐹 .𝑛 4𝑥𝑧𝑖 𝑦2 𝑦𝑧𝑘 .
𝑦2
1 ∵𝑦 1
x varies from 𝑥 0 to 𝑥 1
z varies from 𝑧 0 to 𝑧 1
1 1
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0 0
1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
1
0
𝑥 10 𝑑𝑧
 1
0
𝑑𝑧
𝑧 10
1

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟒
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔
On 𝑺𝟒 : 𝑦 0; 𝑛 ; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
𝐹 .𝑛 4𝑥𝑧𝑖 𝑦2 𝑦𝑧𝑘 .
𝑦2
0 ∵𝑦 0

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0
Evaluation of 𝑺𝟓
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔

On 𝑺𝟓 : 𝑧 1; 𝑛 𝑘; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝐹 .𝑛 4𝑥𝑧𝑖 𝑦2 𝑦𝑧𝑘 . 𝑘
𝑦𝑧
𝑦 ∵𝑧 1
x varies from 𝑥 0 to 𝑥 1
y varies from 𝑦 0 to 𝑦 1
1 1
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0 0
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1
0
𝑦 𝑥 10 𝑑𝑦
1
0
𝑦 𝑑𝑦
 1

2 0
1
2

Evaluation of 𝑺𝟔
𝑭 . 𝒏 𝒅𝒔

On 𝑺𝟔 : 𝑧 0; 𝑛 𝑘; 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝐹 .𝑛 4𝑥𝑧𝑖 𝑦2 𝑦𝑧𝑘 . 𝑘
𝑦𝑧
0 ∵𝑧 0

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 0
 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠
1
2 0 1 0 0
2
1
1
2
3
…… 2
2
From 1 & 2 , we get

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣.
Hence Gauss Divergence theorem is verified.
EVALUATION OF SURFACE INTEGRALS USING GAUSS
DIVERGENCE THEOREM
Problems:
1. Evaluate 𝑆 𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠, where 𝐹 𝑎𝑥𝑖 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑧𝑘, where S is
the surface of the sphere 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 1.
Solution:
Given 𝐹 𝑎𝑥𝑖 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑧𝑘
By Gauss divergence theorem,

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣

To evaluate 𝑽
𝒅𝒊𝒗 𝑭 𝒅𝒗
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝛻 .𝐹
𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑧
 ∴ 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣

𝑉
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑𝑣

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑉
𝑑𝑣

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑉

4 3
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝜋 1 ∵𝑟 1
3

4
𝜋 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
3
2. Use Gauss divergence theorem, evaluate 𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠, where 𝐹
2𝑥 𝑧 𝑖 𝑥 2 𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘 and S is the surface of the parallelopiped
formed by the planes 𝑥 0, 𝑥 1, 𝑦 0, 𝑦 2, 𝑧 0 and 𝑧 3.
Solution:
Given 𝐹 2𝑥 𝑧 𝑖 𝑥2 𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘
By Gauss divergence theorem,

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣

To evaluate 𝑽
𝒅𝒊𝒗 𝑭 𝒅𝒗
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝛻 .𝐹
2𝑥 𝑧 𝑥2 𝑥𝑧 2
2 0 2𝑥𝑧 2 2𝑥𝑧
𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣
3 2 1
0 0 0
2 2𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
1
3 2
0 0
2𝑥 2𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
2 0
3 2
0 0
2 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
3 2
0
2𝑦 𝑧𝑦 0 𝑑𝑧
3
0
4 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
3
4𝑧 2
2 0

12 9
3
3. Use Gauss divergence theorem, evaluate 𝑆 𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠, where 𝐹
4𝑥𝑖 2𝑦 2 𝑧 2 𝑘 and S is the surface boundary of the 𝑥 2
𝑦 2 4, 𝑧 0 and 𝑧 3.
Solution:
Given 𝐹 4𝑥𝑖 2𝑦 2 𝑧2𝑘
By Gauss divergence theorem,

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣

To evaluate 𝑽
𝒅𝒊𝒗 𝑭 𝒅𝒗
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝛻 .𝐹
4𝑥 2𝑦 2 𝑧2
4 4𝑦 2𝑧
To find limits for 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧.
𝑧 varies from 𝑧 0 to 𝑧 3
Given 𝑥 2 𝑦2 4 …… 1
𝑦2 4 𝑥2 𝑦 4 𝑥2
∴ 𝑦 varies from 𝑦 4 𝑥 2 to 𝑦 4 𝑥 2.
Put 𝑦 0 in (2), we get
𝑥2 4 𝑥 2
∴ 𝑥 varies from 𝑥 2 to 𝑥 2.

𝑆
𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐹 𝑑𝑣
2 4− 3
−2 − 4− 0
4 4𝑦 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1
2 4−
−2 − 4−
4𝑧 4𝑦𝑧 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2 0
 2 4−
−2 − 4−
12 12𝑦 9 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2 4−
−2 − 4−
21 12𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
4−
2
−2
21𝑦 12 𝑑𝑥
2 − 4−
2
−2
21 4 𝑥2 6 4 𝑥2 21 4 𝑥2 6 4 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥
2
−2
42 4 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
4 2
42 4 𝑥2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1
2 2 2 −2

42 2 2
2 2
42 2𝜋
84𝜋
Exercise:
1. Verify Gauss divergence theorem for 𝐹 𝑥 2 𝑖 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 𝑘 taken
over the cube 𝑥 0, 𝑥 𝑎, 𝑦 0, 𝑦 𝑎, 𝑧 0 and 𝑧 𝑎.

2. Find 𝑆 𝐹 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠, where 𝐹 2𝑥 3𝑧 𝑖 𝑥𝑧 𝑦 𝑦 2 2𝑧 𝑘

and S is the surface of the sphere having centre at 3, 1, 2 and
radius 3.

3. Evaluate using divergence theorem, 𝑆 4𝑥𝑧𝑖 𝑦 2 𝑦𝑧𝑘 . 𝑛 𝑑𝑠

where S is the closed surface of the cube bounded by 𝑥 0, 𝑥
1, 𝑦 0, 𝑦 1, 𝑧 0 and 𝑧 1.