SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

SWE2006 - SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

TITLE :- TOURISM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SLOT - G1

TEAM MEMBERS: -
19MIS0149 - A. PRANAY REDDY
19MIS0157 - MONICA R
19MIS0417 - A. NOMIKA

FACULTY: -
PROF. MAGESH G
 Contribution for Review - 1: -

Registration no. Name Contribution

19MIS0149 A. PRANAY REDDY Stakeholders,
constraints and risks.
19MIS0157 MONICA R Aim & Abstract,
Problems in existing
system, Proposed
system.
19MIS0417 A. NOMIKA SPM approach
 AIM: -
 The main objective of the project is to
develop a system that automates the day-to-
day process and activities of a travel and
tourism agency.
 The system will be able to handle many
services to take care of all customers in a
quick manner related to travelling and sight
seeing.
 As a solution to the large amount of file
handling happening at the travelling, this
software will be used to overcome those
drawbacks.
 The system should be user appropriate, easy
to use, provide easy recovery of errors and
have an overall end user high subjective
satisfaction.
 ABSTRACT: -

The standalone platform makes Tourism management easy by handling agencies

requests and providing servers for the customers located at different parts of the
various cities.This system maintain & control the ‘database of tourists’
information.This system give a variety of travel services that will sure to match all
your priorities.Provide information about the Inbound and Outbound Tour
Packages.Help to make strong relationship with customers so that they can enjoy
that holiday of their dreams.Helps to develop tourism with different cultures so that
they enrich the tourists experience and bulid pride.

As a solution to the large amount of file handling happening at the

travelling, this software will be used to overcome those drawbacks. Safety, easiness
of using and most importantly the efficiency of information retrieval are some
benefits the development team going to present with this system.The final outcome
of this project will increase the efficiency of almost all the tasks done at the tour in
a much convenient manner.
 Problems in the Existing System: -

 In the existing system, each task is carried out manually and processing is also a
tedious job.
 In previous system travelers were maintaining time table details manually in pen
and paper, which was time taking and costly.
 The travelers is not able to achieve its need in time and also the results may not
accurate. Because of the manual maintenance there are number of difficulties and
drawbacks exist in the system. Some of them are;

Drawbacks of the Existing System:-

 Increased transaction leads to increased source document and hence maintenance
becomes difficult.
 Through phone call they have to get information.
 If any admin, user entry is wrongly made then the maintenance becomes very
difficult
 Proposed system: -
 The newly introduced system will provide
an easy access to the system and it will
contain user friendly functions with
attractive interfaces.
 The system will give better options for the
problem of handling large scale of physical
file system, for the errors occurring in
calculations and all the other required tasks
that has been specified by the client.
 The final outcome of this project will
increase the efficiency of almost all the
tasks done at the tour in a much convenient
manner.
 There will be many users visiting the portal
hence we require a strong and reliable
frontend which can with hold the users on
the site.
 Product Functions: -

 Make Reservations
 Search places
 Add Payment
 Issue Bills
 Manage Guest (Add, Update Guest)
 Manage Tour Details (Add, Update, Delete)
 Manage Staff (Add, Update, Delete, View)
 Set Rates
 Retrieve Reports (Staff payment, Income)
 Manage Users (Add, Update, Delete)
 Taking Backups
 E-mail notifications
 Stakeholders are: -

Project Manager :-
 has the privilege of Monitoring and authorization of all the tasks handle by the
system.
 He can access every function performed by the system. Manager of the company
as well as the system can access to the administration panel which is consider the
core of the system.
 As the main authorized person of the company manager gets the ability to manage
the other users including their user levels and privileges.
 Taking backups of the system and restoring system can also be done by the
manager.
2

Tourist Guide:-
 A tour guide is a person who provides assistance,
information on cultural, historical and contemporary
heritage to people on organized tours and individual
clients at educational establishments, religious and
historical sites, museums, and at venues of other
significant interest, attractions sites.
 He/She becomes the translator between the tourists
and local people.

Traveller:-
 A person who is travelling or who often travels.
 They visitors look after the famous places in that city
through internets (websites), personal
communication or often ask the local people.
 Constraints:-
 High security should be established for the system.
• The system has to be highly secured and pasword protected.
Effects:-
• If suppose the system is not highly secured there are the chances that the
customers personal details provides may be missed.The agency should
ensure that everytime a detail is being accused for future use, the user has to
approve for it.

 There would be times when data interaction would be high, so that server is
down.
• Due to usage of the system by large amount of users the system would face
server problems.
Effects:-
• The steps generally follows step by step procedure method, every step can
be proceeded if and only if the previous step is completed.Due to server
issuses the customer would loose his interest and move to an other website.
 Risk and Response Plans:-
SI.NO RISK
1 However this system is completely
online based and totally depends
on a server.There are the chances
that the server may crash due to
overload.
2 The corona virus spreading
humongousily, we don’t know who
were efffected. So the system will
ask the people to submit their ‘-’ve
reports and how to be perform
their activities while in vacation.
3 In vacation, while travelling the
tourits and others need food and
rest.However it is hard to find good
restaurants near by at time.
SOLUTION
A technical team can be hired to
maintain the system and solves the
issues faced time to time. So that the
customer doesn’t face any
concerning issues.
As tourists must follow the
precautions while vacation. Incase
during vacation if anyone effected by
COVID-19, then we must hire
medical staff, who play an important
role to guide tourist and take care of
him.
The good solution for it is to note
down the food items ordered by
customers. Hence we collabrate with
near by hotels by time to breakfast,
lunch, snacks & dinner.
 Software Project Management Approach: -

 Incremental may be a good choice for tourism management system due to

high probability on significant changes.
• Requirements of Software are first broken down into several modules that
can be incrementally constructed and delivered. At any time, the plan is
made just for the next increment and not for any kind of long term plans.
• It is easier to modify the version as per the need of the customer.
• As each successive version of the software is constructed and delivered,
now the feedback of the Customer is to be taken and these were then
incorporated in the next version. Each version of the software have more
additional features over the previous ones.
Advantages of using Incremental model:-
 Error Reduction
 Uses divide and conquer for breakdown of tasks.
 Lowers initial delivery cost.
 Incremental Resource Deployment.
 Contribution for Review - 2: -
Registration no. Name Contribution
19MIS0149 A. PRANAY REDDY Activity problem - AON
& AOA
19MIS0157 MONICA R Work breakdown
structure, Functional
requirements.
19MIS0417 A. NOMIKA User stories
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE: -
 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS: -
FR: ADMINISTRATOR MODULE:
SRS 1: This module provides administrator related functionality.
SRS 2: Administrator manages all information and has access rights to add, delete, edit
and view the data related to places, travels, routes, bookings, restaurants etc.

FR: TRAVELS MODULE:

SRS 1: This module provides the details of various travel agencies.
SRS 2: A user can select the appropriate agency depending on convenience and
accessibility.

FR: ROUTES MODULE:

SRS 1: This module provides information related to various routes connecting sources
and destinations.
SRS 2: For each route, information such as source, destination, fare, reservation details,
pick up points etc are provides.
SRS 3: Only administrator can add , delete, edit and manage the data. Users can only
view the information.
FR:RESERVATIONS MODULE:
SRS 1: This module provides functionalities that allow a user to book tickets or
cancel previously booked tickets.
SRS 2: The module maintains the details of all reservations made so far and
allows administrator to either confirm or reject the bookings.

FR:TESTIMONIALS MODULE:
SRS 1: Users of this application can post their opinions, complaints and
suggestions regarding this portal and services to the administrator.
SRS 2: Accordingly, the administrator can take various steps to act on the
complaints and suggestions.
 USER STORIES: -

As a traveller: -
 I want to only see the places.
 so that i can make my
reservation.

Acceptance criteria: -
1. Given, I am registered and
logged into the TMS app,
2. When i select place option
and select payment,
3. Then i can only see the place
and payment.
2

As a admin: -
 I want to add more places.
 So that i can satisfy more users.

Acceptance criteria: -
1. Given i am registered and logged
into the TMS app,
2. When i select add option and add
more places,
3. Then i can only see increase in
places option.
3

As a frequent flyer: -
 I want to rebook a past trip,
 So that i can save time booking trips i
take often.

Acceptance criteria: -
1. Given i am registered and logged into
the TMS app,
2. When i select rebook option and select
my past trip,
3. Then i can only see my past trip.
 QUESTION: -

A, B, C , D, E, F, G and H are the independent activities within

the project X
A is the starting and H is the finishing activities. B canstart just
after completion ofA. C can start after completion of A. D can start
after completion of both B and C. E can start after completion of C.
F can start after completion of D and E. G can start after
completion of C and E. H can finish after completion of F and G.
Following durations are valid for each activity: A=4 days; B=6 days;
C=8 days; D=10 days; E=12 days; F=14 days; G=2 days; H=1
days.
 DATA: -
ACTIVITY PRECEDERS DURATION

A - 4

B A 6

C A 8

D B,C 10

E C 12

F D,E 14

G C,E 2

H F,G 1
 ACTIVITY ON NODE Layout: -

EARLY START(EF) ACTIVITY EARLY FINISH(EF)

LATE START(LS) DURATION LATE FINISH(LF)

 ACTIVITY ON NODE: -

B
6 F
14
D
A
10
4 H
1
C E
8 12

G
2
 FORWARD PASS: -

4 B 10
6
24 F 38

14
12 D 22
0 A 4
10
4
38 H 39

24
1
12 E
4 C 12 12
8
24 G 26

2
 BACKWARD PASS: -

4 B 10
8 6 14
24 F 38
24 14 38
0
12 D 22
A 4
14 10 24
0 4 4
38 H 39
38 1 39
12 E 24
4 C 12 12 12 24
4 8 12

24 G 26
36 2 38
 FLOAT AND CRITICAL PATH: -

Float=Late start(LS)-Early start(ES)

ACTIVITY LS - ES FLOAT
0-0
B 8-4 4
4-4
D 14 - 12 2
12 - 12
24 - 24
G 36 - 24 8
38 - 38

Total Duration = Critical path

39 days
ACTIVITY ON ARROW DIAGRAM: -

 x & y are the dummies

 Contribution for Review - 3: -

Registration No. Name Contribution

19MIS0149 A. PRANAY REDDY Delay problem, ER

diagram

19MIS0157 MONICA R Potential Risks

19MIS0417 A. NOMIKA Risk Table

 PROBLEM

REVIEW 3
Assume that there is a delay of 5 weeks in completing activity G.
Analyse one action that the Project Manager could take to avoid exceeding the
current length of the critical path.

Explanation: -
 By looking at the calculation of critical path by aoa and aon method we
analyse that the critical path for the following case is A-C-E-F-H

 From this we can conclude that the crictical path doesn’t depend on activity
G .Therefore the delay in activity G by 5 weeks or any duration would not
affect length of the critical path by any means.
Identify and discuss five potential risks the project might encounter, and for
each one offer ways of reducing or eliminating that risk

POTENTIAL RISKS IDENTIFIED FOR TOURISM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:

1. TECHNICAL RISK
2. COST RISK
3. EXTERNAL HAZARDS
4. MARKET RISKS
5. RESOURCE RISKS
 1
TECHNICAL RISKS
 Technical risks involved in the project:
• Theft of customers personal details by external agencies may lead to legal
actions.Which would lead to project failure.
• Inadequate customer testing leads to large post go live defect list.
• Errors in programming or poor quality testing may lead to project failure.

Methods of eliminating technical risks:

 Performing a technical risk assessment which would help in early detection of
potential risks monitor efforts toward eliminating or decreasing the impact of
identified problems.
 By boosting code quality and following proper security protocols customers
details can be secured
 2

COST RISKS
 Cost risk involed in the project:
• Cost risks in this project may also lead to scheduled risks of the project.If
enough funds are not available the project might be delayed.
• The risk that input cost would increase due to problems with service suppliers
for the agencies.

Methods of eliminating cost risks:

 Market conditions at the cost estimate times should be considered.
 Actions such as putting agreement with the technological patner.
 There is no additional funding forthcoming on a FFP contract
 3
EXTERNAL HAZARDS:
 External hazards involed in the project:
• hurricanes and cyclones
• Earthquakes,tsunamis.
 Antropogenic risks:
• The principal human-induced environmental events are climate change, pollution
(of air and water), and deforestation.

Methods of eliminating external hazards:

 Although the likely path of certain extreme weather-related events, such as tropical
storms, can be tracked and precautions taken to move tourists to safe locations,
many types of geological event cannot be predicted.
 A quick scan of the natural calamities of all the places shoud be recorded earlier.
 4
MARKET RISKS:
 Market risks in this project would include:
• Sources of market risk in the project would include:-
• Currency risk,when involving with other country agents,Recession,credit risks

Ways to eliminate market risk:

 In order to mitigate the risk of losing out on foreign investment,many emerging
market economics maintain high foreign exchange reserves in order to ensure
that any possible depreciation can be negated by selling the reserves.
 Credit risk can be solved by coming in agreement with the
companies/borrowes.
5
RESOURCE RISKS:
 Resource risk involved in the project:
• Resource risk primarily arises due to outsourcing problems.There are three
categories of resource risk: people, outsourcing, and money.
• People risks arise within the project team of this project.
• Outsourcing risks result from the use of people and services outside the project
team to perform critical project work.
• Money is a key factor in many of the people and outsourcing problems, and the
effect of insufficient funding on this projects has substantial impact on a project
in many other ways.

Ways to eliminate resource Risks in the Project:

 People risks can be avoided if teams members get together and work for the
project.
 Avoiding resource hogging during the project
 Risk Table: -

Risk Risk Risk Probability Impact Risk Risk

No Type (P) (I) measure Response
(P*I)

1 Failure of Tech 0.6 5 3 Tourism system failure

tourism depends on bank systems
system weakness &
register or accommodation services
facilities and tourism infrastructure
weakness.
2 Lack of Org 0.1 3 0.3 As soon as they login the
proper website, customers
advertising can see the number of
places with highlights in
place then they can
understand properly.
 Risk Table continued: -

Risk Risk Risk Probability Impact Risk Risk

No Type (P) (I) measure Response
(P*I)
3 Malpractices Tech 0.4 5 2 The website can have
with capable scripts in the backend
software system which blocks all
such drawbacks so
people can’t cheat in
payments.
4 Fake login Tech 0.8 5 4 During every login there
credentials would be a security
question connected
personally to the user
who is logging in, making
the information
impractical to replicate by
someone other thanthe
user. The security
question question will be
provided in all the
national languages.
ER Diagram: -